This application claims the benefit of Japanese Application Nos. JP2020-095085 filed on May 29, 2020, and JP2020-132133 filed on Aug. 4, 2020, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a motor.
In a DC motor using a commutator and a brush, so-called concentrated winding in which an electric wiring is wound around each of a plurality of slots (magnetic pole portions) may be adopted for a purpose of size reduction and weight reduction. In a concentrated winding brush motor, generally, since a width of the brush is smaller than a width of segments of the commutator and cannot be made large, the brush tends to run wild when extending over a slit of the commutator (a gap between adjacent segments). Therefore, the concentrated winding brush motor is disadvantageous in noise reduction (JP-A-2008-278689).
The invention has been made in view of the above background, and an object of the invention is to provide a concentrated winding brush motor with a reduced level of noise.
The above object is achieved by any one of the following five inventions of first to fifth inventions.
That is, as one aspect of a motor according to the first invention, the motor includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to the two segments among the plurality of segments, and another segment not connected to both ends of the coil is arranged between the two segments,
one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments, and
a segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the another segment between two segments connected to either coil different from the two adjacent coils have the same potential.
In the first invention, in a circumferential direction of the commutator, a position of the segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and a position of the another segment having the same potential as potential of the segment are in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship.
Meanwhile, as one aspect of a motor according to the second invention, the motor includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments, and another two segments are arranged between the two segments, the another two segments not being connected to the both ends of the coil,
one ends of two coils adjacent to both sides of the coil are respectively connected to the another two segments, and
in a circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential.
In the first or second invention, the magnet includes an even number of magnetic poles,
the number of the slots is m, m being an odd number, and
the brush contacts two or more of the segments.
In the first or second invention, a width of a contact portion of the brush with the commutator in the circumferential direction of the commutator is x,
a width of the segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator is y, and
when a gap between the two adjacent segments in the circumferential direction of the commutator is z, the following relational expression (1) is satisfied.
2y+z>x>y+2z relational expression (1)
In the first or second invention, a width of a contact portion of the brush contacting the commutator in the circumferential direction of the commutator is x,
a width of the segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator is y, and
when a gap between the two adjacent segments in the circumferential direction of the commutator is z, the following relational expression (2) is satisfied.
3y+2z>x>2y+3z relational expression (2)
As one aspect of a motor according to the third invention, the motor includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments, and one or two or more other segments are arranged between the two segments,
one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments, and
in a circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential.
As one aspect of a motor according to the fourth invention, the motor includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two or more adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments,
one end of another coil is connected to a segment adjacent to the other side of a segment arranged on one side of two segments connected to the coil in a circumferential direction of the commutator,
one end of other further another coil is connected to a segment adjacent to one side of the segment on the other side of two segments connected to the coil in the circumferential direction of the commutator,
a segment not connected to any of the coils is adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments connected to either of the coils in the circumferential direction of the commutator, and
in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential.
As one aspect of a motor according to the fifth invention, the motor includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
one end of the coil is connected to one segment among the plurality of segments, the other end of the coil is connected to one end of another coil in an n-fold symmetrical positional relationship in a circumferential direction of the commutator, and the other end of
the another coil is connected to another segment among the plurality of segments, in the circumferential direction of the commutator, one end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil is connected to the segment as a second segment from one side of the one segment,
the other end of the coil is connected to one end of further another coil in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship, and the other end of the further another coil is connected to the segment as the second segment from one side of the another segment,
the segment between the segment connected to one end of the coil and the segment connected to one end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil is not connected to any coil,
the segment between the segment connected to the other end of the another coil and the segment connected to the other end of the coil adjacent to one side of the another coil is not connected to any coil, and
in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in the positional relationship of 2n-fold symmetry have the same potential.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described by dividing the invention into first to fifth inventions.
A motor according to a first invention includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to the two segments among the plurality of segments, and another segment is arranged between the two segments,
one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments, and
a segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the another segment between two segments connected to either coil different from the two adjacent coils have the same potential.
Hereinafter, first to fourth embodiments as exemplary aspects of the first invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In
As shown in
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C10 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C10 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
The housing 5 accommodates the armature 10 and also functions as a yoke by being made of a magnetic body (ferromagnetic body) such as iron.
The magnet 6 has a cylindrical shape provided at an inner surface of the housing 5. In the present embodiment, N poles and S poles are alternately magnetized in the circumferential direction to form a permanent magnet having four magnetic poles. The first tooth T1 to the fifth tooth T5 as slots face an inner circumferential surface of the magnet 6.
As shown in
2y+3z>x>y+2z relational expression (1)
By satisfying the relational expression (1), as shown in
By satisfying the following relational expression (1′), when the contact portions A and B are each in contact with the two segments, both sides of each of the contact portions A and B in the circumferential direction may be prevented from protruding from the segments.
2y+z>x>y+2z relational expression (1′)
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments of the plurality of segments C1 to C10. Another segment not connected to both ends of the coil 3 is arranged between these two segments.
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the fifth coil 35.
In the following description in the first invention, a segment such as the segment C2 located between two segments directly connected to both ends of the coil 3 may be referred to as an “intermediate segment”. In the present embodiment, in addition to the segment C2, a total of five segments C4, C6, C8, and C10 correspond to the “intermediate segments”.
In the following description in the first invention, segments such as the segments C1 and C3 directly connected to both ends of the coil 3 may be referred to as “connection segments”. In the present embodiment, in addition to the segments C1 and C3, a total of five segments C5, C7, and C9 correspond to the “connection segments”.
In the present embodiment, one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments (the connection segments connected to both ends of the coil 3).
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the fifth coil 35 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the connection segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the intermediate segment between the two connection segments connected to either coil different from the two coils have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C10 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, a position of the connection segment and a position of the other intermediate segment having the same potential as the potential of the connection segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship.
In
Other relationships between the segments having the same potential in the segments C1 to C10 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
An operation of the motor 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.
Symbols between the magnet 6 and the teeth T1 to T5 in (1) to (6) in
First, in the state of
The applied voltage is applied to each of the first to fifth coils 31 to 35 via each connection wiring according to the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, and a current whose positive and negative directions are selected flows. Then, as shown in
Due to an interaction caused by an attractive force or a repulsive force between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6, the teeth (slots) T1 to T5 as the components of the armature 10 the first to fifth coils 31 to 35, and the segments C1 to C10 (hereinafter, may be referred to as “commutator 4 or the like”) move in the arrow X direction, and the shaft 8 rotates.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
Next, although the commutator 4 and the like move to the state shown in
Further, when the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
In the motor 1 according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (6) in
According to the motor 1 in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor 1 in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor 1 in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve energization efficiency and reliability (in particular, to improve the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has ten segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to five, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor 1 in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be improved.
In the motor 1 in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of cogging torque with respect to the 4-pole 10-slot motor including the coils wound in an overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm an improvement of 10% or more of a load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor 1 in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a second embodiment as an example of the first invention will be described. The motor according to the second embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is seven, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 14.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for an overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C14 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C14 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C14) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments (connection segments) among the plurality of segments C1 to C14, and another segment (intermediate segment) is arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another segment (intermediate segment).
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining first coil 31 to the fifth coil 35 and the seventh coil 37.
In the present embodiment, one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments (the connection segments connected to both ends of the coil 3).
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the seventh coil 37 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the connection segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the intermediate segment between the two connection segments connected to either coil different from the two coils have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C14 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, a position of the connection segment and a position of the other intermediate segment having the same potential as the potential of the connection segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship.
In
Other relationships between the segments having the same potential in the segments C1 to C14 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
Regarding the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment, the illustrative diagrams similar to
Also in the motor according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, in accordance with the change in the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, the current whose positive and negative directions are selected flows through the first to seventh coils 31 to 37 via each connection wiring. As a result, as illustrated in (1) to (3) in
In the motor according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (6) in
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to improve the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 14 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to seven, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when the improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 4-pole 14-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it can be confirmed that the load fluctuation rate is increased. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a third embodiment as an example of the first invention will be described. The motor according to the third embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the magnet and the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is six, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is seven, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 21.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C21 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C21 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C21) in the commutator 4 satisfies the following relational expression (2).
3y+4z>x>2y+3z relational expression (2)
By satisfying the relational expression (2), since the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 always come into contact with three or more adjacent segments (x>2y+3z), and the brushes do not come into contact with five or more segments at the same time (3y+4z>x), the short circuit can be prevented.
By satisfying the following relational expression (2′), when the contact portions A and B are each in contact with three segments, both sides of each of the contact portions A and B in the circumferential direction may be prevented from protruding from the segments at the same time.
3y+2z>x>2y+3z relational expression (2′)
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments (connection segments) among the plurality of segments C1 to C21, and another segment (intermediate segment) is arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another segment (intermediate segment).
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the seventh coil 37.
In the present embodiment, one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments (the connection segments connected to both ends of the coil 3).
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the seventh coil 37 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the connection segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the intermediate segment between the two connection segments connected to either coil different from the two coils have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C21 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, a position of the connection segment and a position of the other intermediate segment having the same potential as the potential of the connection segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship.
In
Other relationships between the segments having the same potential in the segments C1 to C21 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
Regarding the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment, the illustrative diagrams similar to
Also in the motor according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, in accordance with the change in the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, the current having determined positive and negative directions flows through the first to seventh coils 31 to 37 via each connection wiring. As a result, as illustrated in (1) to (3) in
In the motor according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (7) in
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to improve the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 21 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to seven, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 6-pole 21-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a fourth embodiment as an example of the first invention will be described. The motor according to the fourth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the connection of the coils 3 and the configuration of the connection wiring between the segments. That is, in the present embodiment, the number of slots (five slots) of the rotor core 2 and the number of segments (ten segments) of the commutator 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The positional relationship between the slots (teeth T1 to T10) of the rotor core 2 and the segments C1 to C10 of the commutator 4 is shifted by 180°.
Therefore, since the overall configuration and the like of the motor according to the present embodiment are the overall configuration and the like of the first embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has the segments C1 to C10 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C10 are brought into contact with the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C10) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments (connection segments) among the plurality of segments C1 to C10, and another segment (intermediate segment) is arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another segment (intermediate segment).
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the seventh coil 37.
In the present embodiment, one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments (the connection segments connected to both ends of the coil 3).
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the fifth coil 35 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the connection segment connected to one ends of two adjacent coils and the intermediate segment between the two connection segments connected to either coil different from the two coils have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C10 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, a position of the connection segment and a position of the other intermediate segment having the same potential as the potential of the connection segment in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship.
In
Other relationships between the segments having the same potential in the segments C1 to C10 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
Regarding the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment, the illustrative diagrams similar to
Also in the motor according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, in accordance with the change in the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, the current having determined positive and negative directions flows through the first to fifth coils 31 to 35 via each connection wiring. As a result, as illustrated in (1) to (3) in
In the motor according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (5) in the above
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has ten segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to five, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor of the coil can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be improved.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 4-pole 10-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a second invention includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments, and another two segments are arranged between the two segments,
one ends of two coils adjacent to both sides of the coil are respectively connected to the another two segments, and
in a circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential.
Hereinafter, fifth to seventh embodiments as exemplary aspects of the second invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A motor according to the fifth embodiment as an example of the second invention will be described. The motor according to the fifth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the connection of the coils 3 and the configuration of the connection wiring between the segments. That is, in the present embodiment, the number of slots (five slots) of the rotor core 2 and the number of segments (ten segments) of the commutator 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Therefore, since the overall configuration and the like of the motor according to the present embodiment are the same as the overall configuration and the like of the first embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C10 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C10 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C10) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments C1 to C10, and another two segments are arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another two segments.
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the fifth coil 35.
In the present embodiment, one end of each of two coils adjacent to both sides of the coil is connected to each of the another two segments not connected to both ends of the coil.
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the fifth coil 35 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C10 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
An operation of the motor according to the present embodiment will be described.
First, in the state of
The applied voltage is applied to each of the first to fifth coils 31 to 35 via each connection wiring according to the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, and a current having determined positive and negative directions flows. Then, as shown in
Due to an interaction caused by an attractive force or a repulsive force between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6, the teeth (slots) T1 to T5 as the components of the armature 10, the first to fifth coils 31 to 35, and the segments C1 to C10 (hereinafter, may be referred to as “commutator 4 or the like”) move in the arrow X direction, and the shaft 8 rotates.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
Next, although the commutator 4 and the like move to the state shown in
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T5 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
In the motor 1 according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (6) in the above
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to improve the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has ten segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to five, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 4-pole 10-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to the sixth embodiment as an example of the second invention will be described. The motor according to the sixth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the connection of the coils 3 and the configuration of the connection wiring between the segments. That is, in the present embodiment, the number of slots (five slots) of the rotor core 2 and the number of segments (ten segments) of the commutator 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Therefore, since the overall configuration and the like of the motor according to the present embodiment are the same as the overall configuration and the like of the first embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C10 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C10 are brought into contact with the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C10) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments C1 to C10, and another two segments are arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another two segments.
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the fifth coil 35.
In the present embodiment, one end of each of two coils adjacent to both sides of the coil is connected to each of the another two segments connected to both ends of the coil.
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the fifth coil 35 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C10 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
Regarding the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment, the illustrative diagrams similar to
Also in the motor according to the present embodiment, as in the case of the fifth embodiment, in accordance with the change in the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, the current whose positive and negative directions are selected flows through the first to fifth coils 31 to 35 via each connection wiring. As a result, as illustrated in (1) to (3) in
In the motor according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (5) in the above
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has ten segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to five, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 4-pole 10-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
In addition, by constituting the wiring structures of the lead wiring and the crossover wiring and the arrangements of the segment and the slit as in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the lead wiring or the crossover wiring from being in a stretched state (a state with tension), and it is possible to prevent, for example, occurrence of disconnection. Since the plurality of lead wirings can be arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, the lead wirings can be made fine. Therefore, the number of turns of the coils wound around the teeth is relatively large. Since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, the number of teeth can be reduced to five, the width of the teeth can be widened, and occurrence of magnetic saturation can be prevented.
A motor according to the seventh embodiment as an example of the second invention will be described. The motor according to the seventh embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the magnet and the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is eight, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is ten, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 20.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C20 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C20 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C20) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments C1 to C20, and another two segments are arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another two segments.
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the tenth coil 40.
In the present embodiment, one end of each of two coils adjacent to both sides of the coil is connected to each of the another two segments. Both ends of the coil are not connected to the another two segments.
In
Other adjacent relationships of the first coil 31 to the tenth coil 40 are similar to the relationship between the segments and the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C20 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
Although a detailed description of the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment is omitted, similarly to other embodiments, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained by applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7. The rotation of the motor is continued by further continuing applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 20 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to ten. Since it is easy to ensure the space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 8-pole 20-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a third invention includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments, and one or two or more other segments are arranged between the two segments,
one ends of two adjacent coils are connected to one segment of the two segments, and
in a circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential.
Each of the first to fourth embodiments as exemplary aspects of the first invention corresponds to an example of the third invention.
Hereinafter, an eighth embodiment as an exemplary aspect of the third invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The eighth embodiment does not correspond to the example of the first invention.
A motor according to an eighth embodiment as an example of the third invention will be described. The motor according to the eighth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the magnet and the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is eight, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is nine, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 36.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C36 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C36 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C36) in the commutator 4 satisfies the following relational expression (3).
4y+5z>x>3y+4z relational expression (3)
By satisfying the relational expression (3), since the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 always come into contact with four or more adjacent segments (x>3y+4z), and the brushes do not come into contact with six or more segments at the same time (4y+5z>x), the short circuit can be prevented.
By satisfying the following relational expression (3′), when the contact portions A and B are each in contact with four segments, both sides of each of the contact portions A and B in the circumferential direction may be prevented from protruding from the segments at the same time.
4y+3z>x>3y+4z relational expression (3′)
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments C1 to C36, and another three segments are arranged between the two segments. Both ends of the coil 3 are not connected to the another three segments.
In
A relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for the remaining second coil 32 to the ninth coil 39.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C36 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
An operation of the motor according to the present embodiment will be described.
First, in the state of
The applied voltage is applied to each of the first to ninth coils 31 to 39 via each connection wiring according to the contact state between the plurality of brushes 7 and the commutator 4, and a current whose positive and negative directions are selected flows. Then, as shown in
Due to an interaction caused by an attractive force or a repulsive force between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6, the teeth (slots) T1 to T9 as the components of the armature 10, the first to ninth coils 31 to 39, and the segments C1 to C36 (hereinafter, may be referred to as “commutator 4 or the like”) move in the arrow X direction, and the shaft 8 rotates.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
Next, when the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
When the commutator 4 and the like move to the state of
Due to the interaction between the magnetic poles of the teeth T1 to T9 and the magnetic poles of the magnet 6 due to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the commutator 4 and the like move in the arrow X direction, and the rotation of the shaft 8 is maintained.
In the motor 1 according to the present embodiment, by applying the predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained as illustrated in the time series of (1) to (8) in the above
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with four or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 36 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to nine, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 8-pole 20-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to a fourth invention includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two or more adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
both ends of the coil are connected to two segments among the plurality of segments,
one end of another coil is connected to a segment adjacent to the other side of a segment arranged on one side of two segments connected to the coil in a circumferential direction of the commutator,
one end of other further another coil is connected to a segment adjacent to one side of the segment on the other side of two segments connected to the coil in the circumferential direction of the commutator,
a segment not connected to any of the coils is adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments connected to either of the coils in the circumferential direction of the commutator, and
in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship have the same potential
Hereinafter, ninth to tenth embodiments as exemplary aspects of the fourth invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A motor according to the ninth embodiment as an example of the fourth invention will be described. The motor according to the ninth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the magnet and the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is six, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is seven, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 21.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C21 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C21 are brought into contact with the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
The size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C21) in the commutator 4 satisfies the relational expression (2) described above, and may satisfy the relational expression (2′) described above.
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments of the plurality of segments C1 to C21.
One end of the other coil is connected to a segment adjacent to the other side of a segment on one side of two segments connected to the coil 3 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
One end of the further another coil is connected to the segment adjacent to one side of the segment on the other side of two segments connected to the coil 3 is connected in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Then, a segment not connected to any of the coils (not connected to the coil) is adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments connected to either of the coils in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
In
One end of the fifth coil 35 (another coil) is connected to the segment C9 adjacent to the other side of the segment C8 on one side of the two segments C8 and C18 connected to the first coil 31 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
One end of the fourth coil 34 (further another coil) is connected to the segment C17 adjacent to one side of the segment C18 on the other side of the two segments C8 and C18 connected to the first coil 31 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Then, when the first coil 31 and the fifth coil 35 are described as an example, the segments C7 and C10 not connected to any of the coils 3 (not connected to the coil) are adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments C8 and C9 connected to the first coil 31 and the fifth coil 35 (either of the coils) in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
The relationship between the segments and the coil described above is the same for all the segments C1 to C21 and all the first coil 31 to the seventh coil 37.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C21 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
Although a detailed description of the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment is omitted, similarly to other embodiments, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained by applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7. The rotation of the motor is continued by further continuing applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more (three or more in the present embodiment) adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to improve the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 21 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to seven, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 6-pole 15-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
In addition, by constituting the wiring structure of the lead wiring and the crossover wiring and the arrangement of the segment and the slit as in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the lead wiring or the crossover wiring from being in a stretched state (a state with tension), and it is possible to prevent, for example, occurrence of disconnection. Since the plurality of lead wirings can be arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, the lead wirings can be made fine. Therefore, the number of turns of the coils wound around the teeth is relatively large. Since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, the number of teeth can be reduced to seven, the width of the teeth can be widened, and occurrence of magnetic saturation can be prevented.
A motor according to a tenth embodiment as an example of the fourth invention will be described. The motor according to the tenth embodiment is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the magnet and the armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is eight, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is nine, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 36.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C36 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C36 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
The size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C21) in the commutator 4 satisfies the relational expression (3) described above, and may satisfy the relational expression (3′) described above.
In the present embodiment, both ends of each coil 3 are connected to two segments of the plurality of segments C1 to C36.
One end of the other coil is connected to a segment adjacent to the other side of a segment on one side of two segments connected to the coil 3 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
One end of the further another coil is connected to the segment adjacent to one side of the segment on the other side of two segments connected to the coil 3 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Then, a segment not connected to any of the coils is adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments connected to either of the coils in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
In
One end of the seventh coil 37 (another coil) is connected to the segment C11 adjacent to the other side of one segment C10 of the two segments C10 and C23 connected to the first coil 31 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
One end of the fourth coil 34 (further another coil) is connected to the segment C22 adjacent to one side of the segment C23 on the other side of the two segments C10 and C23 connected to the first coil 31 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Then, when the first coil 31 and the seventh coil 37 are described as an example, the segments C21 and C24 not connected to any of the coils 3 (not connected to the coil) are adjacent to one side and the other side of two adjacent segments C22 and C23 connected to the first coil 31 and the seventh coil 37 (either of the coils) in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
The above relationship between the segments and the coil is the same for all the segments C1 to C36 and all the first coil 31 to the ninth coil 39.
In the present embodiment, the segments having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships among the segments C1 to C36 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the above relationship among the segments.
Although a detailed description of the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment is omitted, similarly to other embodiments, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained by applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7. The rotation of the motor is continued by further continuing applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more (four or more in the present embodiment) adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 36 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to nine, and the space for the winding can be easily ensured. Since it is easy to ensure a space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 8-pole 20-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
In addition, by constituting the wiring structure of the lead wiring and the crossover wiring and the arrangement of the segment and the slit as in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the lead wiring or the crossover wiring from being in a stretched state (a state with tension), and it is possible to prevent, for example, occurrence of disconnection. Since the plurality of lead wirings can be arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, the lead wirings can be made fine. Therefore, the number of turns of the coils wound around the teeth is relatively large. Since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, the number of teeth can be reduced to nine, the width of the teeth can be widened, and occurrence of magnetic saturation can be prevented.
A motor according to a fifth invention includes:
a magnet including a plurality of magnetic poles;
a plurality of slots opposing the magnet;
a coil wound around each of the plurality of slots;
a commutator including a plurality of segments; and
a plurality of brushes, each of the plurality of brushes including a contact portion contacting two adjacent segments among the plurality of segments, wherein
one end of the coil is connected to one segment among the plurality of segments, the other end of the coil is connected to one end of another coil in an n-fold symmetrical positional relationship in a circumferential direction of the commutator, and the other end of the another coil is connected to another segment among the plurality of segments,
in the circumferential direction of the commutator, one end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil is connected to the segment as a second segment from one side of the one segment,
the other end of the coil is connected to one end of further another coil in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship, and the other end of the further another coil is connected to the segment as the second segment from one side of the another segment,
the segment between the segment connected to one end of the coil and the segment connected to one end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil is not connected to any coil,
the segment between the segment connected to the other end of the another coil and the segment connected to the other end of the coil adjacent to one side of the another coil is not connected to any coil, and
in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the segments in the positional relationship of 2n-fold symmetry have the same potential.
Hereinafter, 11th and 12th embodiments as exemplary aspects of the fifth invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A motor according to the 11th embodiment as an example of the fifth invention is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of a magnet and an armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is eight, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is ten, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 20.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C20 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C20 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C20) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 as slots constituting the armature 10 are arranged so as to have a such a positional relationship that each of the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 extends over two segments among the segments C1 to C20 in the commutator 4. For example, the first tooth T1 is arranged so as to have such a positional relationship that the first tooth T1 extends over two segments of the segment C1 and the segment C2.
In the present embodiment, one end of the coil 3 is connected to one segment among the plurality of segments, the other end of the coil 3 is connected to one end of another coil 3 having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction), and the other end of the other coil 3 is connected to another segment among the plurality of segments. Focusing on the connection state of the coils 3, one ends of the coils 3 wound around a pair of teeth (slots) having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are connected to each other, and the pair of coils 3 are connected in series.
In
Focusing on the connection state of the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37, one ends of the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37 wound around the second tooth T2 and the seventh tooth T7 are connected to each other, and the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37 are connected in series. The second tooth T2 and the seventh tooth T7 are in the rotationally symmetrical (specifically, two-fold symmetrical) positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Other relationships between the coils wound around the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship (a positional relationship such that the coils oppose each other in the radial direction of the commutator 4) in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the relationship between the coils described above.
In the present embodiment, in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction), one end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is connected to the segment 4 as the second segment from one side of one segment 4. The other end of the coil adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is connected to one end of further another coil 3 having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship, and the other end of the further another coil is connected to the segment 4 as the second segment from one side of another segment 4.
In
In the present embodiment, both ends of the pair of coils 3 connected in series are in a state of being connected to two segments 4 adjacent to the side further away from the segments 4 on the far side among sets of two segments 4 having such a positional relationship that the teeth (slots) with the coils 3 respectively wound therearound extend over the respective sets of two segments 4.
In
Further, in the present embodiment, the segment 4 located between the segment 4 connected to one end of the coil 3 and the segment 4 connected to one end of the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is not connected to any coil 3. The segment 4 located between the segment 4 connected to the other end of the other coil 3 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship and the segment 4 connected to the other end of the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the other coil 3 is not connected to any coil 3 and is not connected to the coil 3.
In
Other relationships between the coils wound around the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the connection relationship between the coils and the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, when the symmetry of the plurality of teeth (slots) with a pair of coils connected in series wound around the plurality of teeth is n-fold symmetry (two-fold symmetry in the present embodiment), segments in a positional relationship of 2n-fold symmetry (2×2-fold symmetry in the present embodiment) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C20 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
Although a detailed description of the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment is omitted, similarly to other embodiments, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained by applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7. The rotation of the motor is continued by further continuing applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 20 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to ten. Since it is easy to ensure the space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when an improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 8-pole 20-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it is possible to confirm the improvement of 10% or more of the load fluctuation rate. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
A motor according to the 12th embodiment as an example of the fifth invention is different from the motor 1 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of a magnet and an armature. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet 6 is eight, the number of slots of the rotor core 2 is ten, and the number of segments of the commutator 4 is 20.
As described above, although the shape of the armature is slightly different, an appearance of the magnet is cylindrical and does not change, and other configurations are the same as the configurations of the first embodiment. Therefore, for the overall configuration of the motor according to the present embodiment, please refer to
The motor according to the present embodiment is different from the motor according to the 11-th embodiment only in the positional relationship between the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 and the segments C1 to C20 and the positional relationship between the coil 3 and the segments C1 to C20.
As shown in
The commutator 4 has segments C1 to C20 as the plurality of segments arranged in the circumferential direction. The segments C1 to C20 are brought into contact with contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and energized.
A size relationship between the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 and the segments (C1 to C20) in the commutator 4 satisfies the above-described relational expression (1).
In the present embodiment, the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 as slots constituting the armature 10 are arranged so as to have such a positional relationship that each of the teeth T1 to T10 extends over three segments among the segments C1 to C20 in the commutator 4. For example, the first tooth T1 is disposed so as to have such a positional relationship that the first tooth T1 extends over three segments, namely, the segment C1, the segment C2, and the segment C3.
In the present embodiment, one end of the coil 3 is connected to one segment among the plurality of segments, the other end of the coil 3 is connected to one end of another coil 3 having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction), and the other end of the other coil 3 is connected to another segment among the plurality of segments. Focusing on the connection state of the coils 3, one ends of the coils 3 wound around a pair of teeth (slots) in a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are connected to each other, and the pair of coils 3 are connected in series.
In
Focusing on the connection state of the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37, one ends of the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37 wound around the second tooth T2 and the seventh tooth T7 are connected to each other, and the second coil 32 and the seventh coil 37 are connected in series. The second tooth T2 and the seventh Tooth T7 have the rotationally symmetrical (specifically, two-fold symmetrical) positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction).
Other relationships between the coils wound around the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction), one end of the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is connected to the segment 4 as the second segment from one side of one segment 4. The other end the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is connected to one end of further another coil 3 having a rotationally symmetrical positional relationship, and the other end of the further another coil 3 is connected to the segment 4 as the second segment from one side of another segment 4.
In
In the present embodiment, both ends of the pair of coils 3 connected in series are connected to two segments 4 on the farthest side among sets of three segments having such a positional relationship that the teeth (slots) with the coils 3 respectively wound therearound extend over the respective sets of three segments 4.
In
Further, in the present embodiment, the segment 4 located between the segment 4 connected to one end of the coil 3 and the segment 4 connected to one end of the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the coil 3 is not connected to any coil 3. The segment 4 located between the segment 4 connected to the other end of the other coil 3 in the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship and the segment 4 connected to the other end of the coil 3 adjacent to one side of the other coil 3 is not connected to any coil 3.
In
Other relationships between the coils wound around the first tooth T1 to the tenth tooth T10 having the rotationally symmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction of the commutator 4 (arrow X direction) are similar to the connection relationship between the coils and the segments described above.
In the present embodiment, when the symmetry of the plurality of teeth (slots) with a pair of coils connected in series wound around the plurality of teeth is n-fold symmetry (two-fold symmetry in the present embodiment), segments having a positional relationship of 2n-fold symmetry (2×2-fold symmetry in the present embodiment) have the same potential.
In
Other relationships between the segments in the segments C1 to C20 are similar to the relationship between the segments described above.
Although a detailed description of the operation of the motor according to the present embodiment is omitted, similarly to other embodiments, the rotation of the commutator 4 and the like in the arrow X direction is maintained by applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes 7. The rotation of the motor is continued by further continuing applying a predetermined current or voltage to the plurality of brushes.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 are in contact with two or more adjacent segments at the same time. Therefore, since the width x of the contact portions A and B is wide, it is possible to smoothly extend over the slit (gap between adjacent segments) of the commutator 4. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, since the plurality of brushes 7 are less likely to be shaken, it is possible to reduce noise caused by the shaking of the plurality of brushes 7.
According to the motor in the present embodiment, in a connection method at the time of assembling the armature 10, since the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 is wide, it is possible to improve the energization efficiency and the reliability (in particular, to increase the life of the motor).
Although the commutator has 20 segments, the width x of the contact portions A and B of the plurality of brushes 7 can be widened, so that the number of slots can be reduced to ten. Since it is easy to ensure the space for the winding, a space factor can be improved. As a result, the size of the motor can be reduced and the torque can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, since the coils 3 are concentrated winding and a winding portion can be made thinner than overlapping winding, the number of stacked magnetic bodies (electrical steel plates) constituting the rotor core 2 having the slots can be increased, and magnetic efficiency can be increased.
In the motor in the present embodiment, when the improvement state of the cogging torque with respect to the 8-pole 20-slot motor including the coils wound in the overlapping manner is confirmed, it can be confirmed that the load fluctuation rate is improved. Therefore, according to the motor in the present embodiment, it can be seen that the cogging torque can be reduced.
In addition to the configuration of the inventions described above, present inventors have found a motor that is a concentrated winding brush motor and that can be expected to have the same effect as the inventions even when a combination of the number of magnetic poles of a magnet, the number of slots of an armature, and the number of segments of a commutator is the following (1) to (4), or when the combination is a multiple of each of the following combinations (when a plurality of the same configurations are connected in series or in parallel).
(1) The magnet has four poles, the armature has seven slots, and the commutator has 14 segments.
(2) The magnet has four poles, the armature has five slots, and the commutator has ten segments.
(3) The magnet has six poles, the armature has seven slots, and the commutator has 21 segments.
(4) The magnet has 8 poles, the armature has 9 slots, and the commutator has 36 segments.
Further, in addition to the inventions, the inventors have found a motor that can be expected to have the same effect as that of the inventions with respect to the configuration in the above cases (1) to (4) or in a case of a multiple of each of the configurations of (1) to (4) (when a plurality of same configurations are connected in series or in parallel) which includes the same number as or half the number of poles of a magnet (for example, four brushes when the magnet has four poles, six brushes when the number of poles of the magnet is six, and eight or four brushes when the number of poles of the magnet is eight), in which each end of the coil is connected to two segments among a plurality of segments, and another two segments where neither end of the coil is connected are arranged between the two segments.
When four brushes are provided, the intermediate segments having the same potential in the configuration of the invention are electrically floating segments (dummy segments) not having the same potential.
Although the motor according to the invention and the motor according to the modification are described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the motor according to the invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiments. For example, the number of magnetic poles of the magnet, the number of slots of the armature, and the number of segments of the commutator in the above embodiments are all examples, and can be appropriately selected on condition that the conditions of the invention are satisfied.
In addition, those skilled in the art can appropriately modify the motor according to the invention in accordance with known knowledge in the related art. Such modifications are also included in the scope of the invention as long as the modifications include the configuration of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2020-095085 | May 2020 | JP | national |
2020-132133 | Aug 2020 | JP | national |