Patent Application
20200091806
The present invention relates to a motor, and more particularly, to a motor in which a rotor rotates outside a stator and a permanent magnet is provided in the rotor.
In general, a motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy in a magnetic field in which a current flows, and may be classified according to various references such as a type of power supply, positions of a rotor and a stator, and whether or not to use a permanent magnet.
For example, the motor is divided into a direct current (DC) motor and an alternating current (AC) motor according to the type of power supply, and the DC motor is divided into a brush motor and a brushless motor.
Among the DC motors, a motor to which a brush is attached serves to allow a current to flow to a coil and commutate the current by a contact between a commutator and the brush, but has a disadvantage that mechanical and electrical noises are generated and the brush is worn. In order to overcome such a disadvantage, the brushless motor without using the brush has been widely used. A brushless DC motor is a motor in which the brush and the commutator are removed from the DC motor and an electronic commutation mechanism is installed, and is also called a non-commutator motor.
In addition, the motor may also be divided into an inner rotor-type motor and a brushless motor according to relative positions of the rotor and the stator.
Meanwhile, when the motor rotates, magnitudes of a magnetoresistance hindering a magnetic flux from flowing are different from each other depending on a position of the rotor 110, and a pulsation of a torque is generated due to such a difference in the magnetoresistance. Such a permanent magnet-type motor, a torque generated at the time of rotation of the rotor before power is applied to the coil is called a cogging torque, and the motor has a virtual vibration source for vibrations and a noise due to the cogging torque. As a result, vibrations and a noise are caused in a cooling fan or the like, which is a motor driving system.
The cogging torque has been known to be proportional to a rate of change in a magnetoresistance depending on a change in a position of the rotor. In order to reduce such a cogging torque, in the teeth 122 according to the related art illustrated in
However, even in a case where the notches 124 are formed, there is still a large difference in a rate of change in the magnetoresistance depending on a rotation angle, and thus, there is a problem in that the noise and the vibrations are not greatly reduced. Therefore, there is a need to improve noise and vibration characteristics of the motor by reducing a torque ripple, which is a variation width in the cogging torque of the motor.
Meanwhile, the stator 120 is generally formed of an electrical sheet. The electrical sheet refers to a plate formed of steel having a higher content of silicon than that of a general steel sheet and having excellent electrical and magnetic properties. Particularly, a non-oriented electrical sheet whose crystals of an inner portion are oriented respectively has been widely used in a general rotary machine such as a general-purpose motor, a small motor or the like. However, since the electrical sheet has a higher density than that of a material of the permanent magnet, as a volume of the stator 120 becomes large, a weight of the motor itself is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a design for reducing the weight of the motor itself.
Various studies have been conducted in order to improve performance of the cogging torque and the torque ripple, and an example of these studies is disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2017-0044934 (entitled “Rotor and Motor Having W-Type Permanent Magnet Disposition” and published on Apr. 26, 2017) (hereinafter, referred to as Related Document 1). Related Art Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a cogging torque and a torque ripple are improved by disposing permanent magnets in a W shape. However, even with Related Art Document 1, there is a limitation that it is difficult to obtain performance of improving the cogging torque and the torque ripple as much as sufficiently necessary and a reduction in the weight of the motor is not considered at all.
The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the motor according to the related art as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor whose cogging torque and torque ripple may be significantly reduced by minimizing a rate of change in a magnetoresistance depending on a change in a position of a rotor through optimization of shape designs of the rotor and a stator. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor whose weight may be reduced by optimizing shape designs in consideration of materials of a rotor and a stator.
In one general aspect of the present invention, a motor including: a rotor 10 including a plurality of permanent magnets 12 disposed on an inner peripheral surface of a rotor core 11; and a stator 20 including a plurality of teeth 21 disposed along a circumferential direction of a stator core and pole shoes 22 formed at distal ends of the teeth 21 facing the permanent magnets 12, wherein when the rotor 10 rotates, the permanent magnet 12 becomes gradually close to an outer peripheral surface 23 of a central portion of the pole shoe 22, passes through the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22, and then becomes gradually distant from the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22. In this case, an inner peripheral surface 13 of a central portion of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed in a curved surface shape having a predetermined curvature, and inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed so that the inner peripheral surfaces 14 become distant from an outer peripheral surface of the pole shoe 22 as the inner peripheral surfaces 14 become distant from the central portion. In addition, outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may be formed so that the outer peripheral surfaces 24 become distant from the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet 12 as the outer peripheral surfaces 24 become distant from the central portion.
That is, in one general aspect of the present invention, a motor includes: a rotor 10 including a rotor core 11 and a plurality of permanent magnets 12 disposed on an inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 11 so as to be spaced apart from each other along a circumferential direction; and a stator 20 disposed inside the rotor 10 and including a plurality of teeth 21 disposed to be spaced apart from each other along a circumferential direction of a stator core and pole shoes 22 formed at distal ends of the teeth 21 facing the permanent magnets 12, wherein an inner peripheral surface 13 of a central portion of the permanent magnet 12 is formed in a curved surface shape having a predetermined curvature, and inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 are formed so that the inner peripheral surfaces 14 become distant from an outer peripheral surface of the pole shoe 22 as the inner peripheral surfaces 14 become distant from the central portion or outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 are formed so that the outer peripheral surfaces 24 become distant from the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet 12 as the outer peripheral surfaces 24 become distant from the central portion.
In this case, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may have a planar shape.
In this case, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed at a predetermined angle α with respect to a tangent of the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 at points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 meet each other.
In this case, the angle α between the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and the tangent of the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 may satisfy a relationship of 9°≤α≤20°.
In addition, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be positioned on the same plane.
In this case, the inner peripheral surfaces of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed to be symmetrical to each other with respect to a center line CL of the permanent magnet 12.
In this case, when a distance from a center C of rotation of the rotor 10 to a distal end of a center of the pole shoe 22 is D2 and a distance from the center C of rotation of the rotor 10 to the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 is D1, it is preferable that a relationship of D1<D2 is satisfied.
In addition, when an angle between distal ends of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 with respect to a center C of rotation of the rotor 10 is θ1 and an angle between both distal ends of the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 is θ2, it is preferable that a relationship of 0.65≤θ2/θ1≤0.67 or 0.84≤θ2/θ1≤0.86 is satisfied.
In this case, when an angle between both distal ends of the pole shoe 22 with respect to the center C of rotation of the rotor 10 is θ3, it is preferable that a relationship of θ2<θ3 is satisfied.
The outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 may be formed in a curved surface shape having a predetermined curvature.
In this case, when an angle between both distal ends of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 with respect to a center C of rotation of the rotor 10 is θ4, it is preferable that a relationship of 0°≤θ4≤1.5° is satisfied.
In addition, the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may have a planar shape.
In this case, when an angle between the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 and a tangent of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 at points where the central portion and both end portions of the pole shoe 22 meet each other is β, it is preferable that a relationship of 7°≤β≤9° is satisfied.
In addition, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may have a planar shape, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed at a predetermined angle α with respect to a tangent of the inner peripheral surface of the central portion at points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 meet each other, the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may have a planar shape, distal ends of the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may be formed to be spaced apart from an extension line of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 by a predetermined distance L2 in a radial direction, and it is preferable that an angle α between the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and a tangent of the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet at points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 meet each other and an angle β between the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 and a tangent of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 at points where the central portion and both end portions of the pole shoe 22 meet each other satisfy a relationship of α>β.
In a motor according to the present invention, there is an effect of significantly reducing a cogging torque and significantly reducing a noise and vibrations of the motor by minimizing a change in a magnetoresistance according to rotation of a rotor. More specifically, in a brushless motor according to the present invention, a central portion of an inner peripheral surface of a permanent magnet is formed in a cylindrical shape and both end portions of the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet are formed in a chamfered shape, such that when a rotor rotates from an end of one pole of the permanent magnet to the next pole, a change in a magnetoresistance is gradually reduced and is then gradually increased again. Therefore, an effect of significantly reducing a cogging torque may be obtained. In addition, in the brushless motor according to the present invention, both distal ends of an outer peripheral surface of a stator pole shoe have a chamfered shape to increase the effect as described above, such that an effect of further reducing the cogging torque may be obtained.
Furthermore, in the brushless motor according to the present invention, the stator pole shoe formed of an electrical sheet to have a density higher than that of the permanent magnet is formed in the chamfered shape, such that an effect of more effectively reducing a weight of a component formed of a material having a high density and significantly reducing a weight of the motor itself ultimately may be obtained.
As illustrated in
The rotor 10 is rotatably formed, and may be formed by coupling the plurality of permanent magnets 12 to the rotor core 11 having a cylindrical shape. In this case, the permanent magnets 12 may be disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core 11 so as to be spaced apart from each other along the circumferential direction. In addition, the permanent magnets 12 each have an N pole and an S pole, and are disposed so that the N pole is positioned on an inner peripheral surface of one permanent magnet 12 and are disposed so that the S pole is positioned on an inner peripheral surface of the neighboring permanent magnet 12, such that the plurality of permanent magnets may be disposed so that positions of the N poles and the S poles are alternated.
The stator 20 is a portion fixed to a housing or the like of the motor, may be disposed in an empty portion of the center of an inner side of the rotor 10, and may be disposed at an inner side surrounded by the permanent magnets 12 so as to be spaced apart from the permanent magnets 12 by a predetermined interval. In addition, a plurality of teeth 21 may be formed to extend outward from the center of an outer peripheral surface of the stator core, and may be disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the stator core. In addition, the pole shoes 22 are formed at outer end portions of the teeth 21, respectively. The pole shoes 22 are formed in a shape in which both ends thereof in the circumferential direction protrude from the teeth 21, such that the teeth 21 and the pole shoes 22 may be formed in a “T” shape, as illustrated. In addition, pole shoes 22 formed at neighboring teeth 21 to face each other may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval. In addition, coils 25 may be wound around the teeth 21, and may be disposed between the outer peripheral surface of the stator core and the pole shoes 22.
In
It may be seen from the following Equation 1 that when a change in a magnetoresistance (dR) with respect to a change in a rotation angle (dθ) of the rotor is reduced in a state where a magnetic flux (Φ) is not changed, a cogging torque is reduced.
In the pole shoe 122 illustrated in
In the present invention, the problem of the cogging torque and the torque ripple as described above is improved by improving shapes of the rotor 10 and the stator 20, more specifically, shapes of the permanent magnet 12 and the pole shoe 22. Hereinafter, a shape improvement design of the permanent 12 will be first described, and a shape improvement design of the pole shoe 22 will be then described.
Shape Improvement Design of Permanent Magnet
As illustrated in
Therefore, a magnetoresistance is gradually reduced from the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 toward both end portions thereof, and a difference between a magnetoresistance at the end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and a magnetoresistance in a section in which the permanent magnet 12 is not present is reduced. In other words, before the pole shoe 22 passes through the section in which the permanent magnet 12 is not present, the magnetoresistance is reduced in advance at the end portions of the permanent magnet 12. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a rate of change in the magnetoresistance in the entire rotation section regardless of a shape of the pole shoe 22. As a result, the cogging torque may be significantly reduced to reduce vibrations and a noise of the motor.
The inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed in a planar shape. In this case, the inner peripheral surfaces 14, which are planes, of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12, may be formed at a predetermined angle α with respect to a tangent of the inner peripheral surface of the central portion at points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet meet each other. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect of gradually reducing and then gradually increasing again a change in the magnetoresistance while the rotor rotates. In addition, although not illustrated, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed in a curved surface shape instead of the planar shape as long as they satisfy a condition that they become distant from the outer peripheral surface of the pole shoe 22 as they become distant from the central portion.
It is preferable that 9°≤α≤20° in which α is the angle between the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and the tangent of the inner peripheral surface of the central portion. In a case where the angle α is less than 9°, an amount of reduction in the magnetoresistance is excessively small, such that a large difference is generated between the magnetoresistance at both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and the magnetoresistance in the section in which the permanent magnet 12 is not present. As a result, an amount of change in the magnetoresistance cannot be significantly reduced. In addition, in a case where the angle α exceeds 20°, a difference between the magnetoresistance at both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and the magnetoresistance in the section in which the permanent magnet 12 is not present is small, but a large difference is generated between the magnetoresistance at the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 and the magnetoresistance at both end portions of the permanent magnet 12, and an amount of change in the magnetoresistance in the permanent magnet 12 thus becomes excessively large. In a case where the angle α is 9° or more to 20° or less, the difference between the magnetoresistance at both end portion of the permanent magnet 12 and the magnetoresistance in the section in which the permanent magnet 12 is not present is significantly reduced, and the difference between the magnetoresistance at the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 and the magnetoresistance at both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 is not large, such that a rate of change in the entire magnetoresistance may be minimized.
In addition, the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 may be positioned on the same plane. In addition, the inner peripheral surfaces 13 and 14 of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed to be symmetrical to each other with respect to a center line CL of the permanent magnet. Therefore, the change in the magnetoresistance is constantly generated symmetrically with respect to the center line of the permanent magnet, such that an irregular change in the magnetoresistance may be prevented.
As illustrated in
The inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 is a surface having a radius of curvature of D3, and the pole shoe 22 rotates while maintaining a predetermined interval (D3−D2) from the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion. In order to reduce loss of motor efficiency, the interval (D3−D2) may be formed to be small (1 mm or less). In addition, as D1 becomes close to D3, a length of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 is reduced and lengths of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 are increased, such that an amount of change in the magnetoresistance at both the end portions of the permanent magnet and the section in which the permanent magnet is not present is reduced, but a magnetic force of the permanent magnet is weakened, and performance of the motor may thus be deteriorated. In order to overcome this problem, D1 is formed to be smaller than D2, such that the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 may be formed at a sufficient length to maintain the performance of the motor.
As illustrated in
As illustrated, basically, as the value of θ2/θ1 is increased, the cogging torque is increased. However, it may be seen that the cogging torque is reduced in a section in which the value of θ2/θ1 is about 0.66 and a section in which the value of θ2/θ1 is about 0.85 as compared with adjacent sections. Therefore, in the brushless motor according to the present invention, the value of θ2/θ1 may be about 0.66 or about 0.85 so as to maximize a reduction effect of the cogging torque while considering driving performance of the brushless motor.
More preferably, the value of θ2/θ1 of the brushless motor according to the present invention may be determined to be about 0.85 at which configuration performance of the brushless motor is more excellent as compared with reduction efficiency of the cogging torque.
In addition, when an angle between both distal ends of the pole shoe 22 with respect to the center C of rotation of the rotor 10 is θ3, it is preferable to satisfy a relationship of θ2<θ3. The reason is that the length of the pole shoe 22 needs to be long enough to cover at least the entirety of the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 in order to maintain the performance of the motor.
Shape Improvement Design of Pole Shoe
As described above, in the brushless motor according to the present invention, the central portion of the permanent magnet 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 are formed in a chamfered shape, such that when the rotor rotates from an end of one pole of the permanent magnet to the next pole, the change in the magnetoresistance is gradually reduced and is then gradually increased again. Since it is known that the cogging torque is reduced when the change in the magnetoresistance (dR) with respect to the change in the rotation angle (dθ) of the rotor is reduced as shown in Equation 1, it may be theoretically confirmed that the cogging torque may be certainly reduced due to shape improvement of the permanent magnet 12. Shape improvement of the pole shoe 22 is also made from a similar viewpoint.
That is, as illustrated in
Therefore, (as in the permanent magnet 12), when the rotor rotates from an end of one pole to the next pole, the change in the magnetoresistance is gradually reduced and is then gradually increased again due to a shape of the pole shoe 22. That is, as illustrated in
An outer peripheral surface 23 of a central portion of the pole shoe 22 may be formed in a curved surface shape having a predetermined curvature, as illustrated in
The outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may be formed in a planar shape. In this case, distal ends of the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may be formed to be spaced apart from an extension line of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 by a predetermined distance L2 in a radial direction. Therefore, (similar to a phenomenon according to a shape of the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12), it is possible to obtain an effect of gradually reducing and then gradually increasing again a change in the magnetoresistance while the rotor rotates. Also in this case, although not illustrated, the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 may be formed in a curved surface shape instead of the planar shape as long as they satisfy a condition that they become distant from the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet 12 as they become distant from the central portion.
Also in this case, similar to the case described above, it is more preferable that a standard of the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 is represented by any angle in consideration of the fact that L2 may be changed according to the entire size of the device itself in a case where the entire size of the device itself is changed. When an angle between the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 and a tangent of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 at points where the central portion and both end portions of the pole shoe 22 meet each other is β, it is preferable that the angle β satisfies a relationship of 7°≤β≤9°.
Association Design Between Shapes of Permanent Magnet and Pole Shoe
As described above, since the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 have the chamfered shape or the outer peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 have the chamfered shape, when the rotor rotates from the end of one pole to the next pole, the change in the magnetoresistance is gradually reduced and is then gradually increased again, such that the cogging torque may be effectively reduced. In this case, only the permanent magnet 12 may have the chamfered shape, only the pole shoe 22 may have the chamfered shape, or both of the permanent magnet 12 and the pole shoe 22 may have the chamfered shape.
Meanwhile, in a case of a brushless motor that is generally manufactured, the permanent magnet 12 has a height greater than that of the pole shoe 22, while the pole shoe 22 (formed of the electrical sheet) has a density greater than that of the permanent magnet 12. Materials, heights and the like of the permanent magnet 12 and the pole shoe 22 are summarized as in the following table.
As represented in the above table, in a 2D cross-sectional design for performance improvement, a degree of a weight affected by a change in an area on a cross section is greater in the pole shoe (formed of the electrical sheet) than in the permanent magnet.
The case where both end portions of both of the permanent magnets 12 and the pole shoe 22 are formed in the chamfered shapes as illustrated in
In this regard, even in the case where both end portions of both of the permanent magnet 12 and the pole shoe 22 are formed in the chamfered shape as illustrated in
When considering these several matters, it is preferable that the shapes of the permanent magnet 12 and the pole shoe 22 have the following association relationship. First, it is assumed that the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 have the planar shape and are formed at the predetermined angle α with respect to the tangent of the inner peripheral surface of the central portion at the points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 meet each other. In addition, it is assumed that the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 have the planar shape and the distal ends of the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 are formed to be spaced apart from the extension line of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 by the predetermined distance L2 in the radial direction. In this case, it is preferable that the angle α between the inner peripheral surfaces 14 of both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 and the tangent of the inner peripheral surface 13 of the central portion of the permanent magnet at the points where the central portion and both end portions of the permanent magnet 12 meet each other and the angle β, between the outer peripheral surfaces 24 of both end portions of the pole shoe 22 and the tangent of the outer peripheral surface 23 of the central portion of the pole shoe 22 at the points where the central portion and both end portions of the pole shoe 22 meet each other satisfy a relationship of α>β.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, may be applied to various fields, and may be modified or improved by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
In a motor according to the present invention, there is an effect of significantly reducing a cogging torque and significantly reducing a noise and vibrations of the motor by minimizing a change in a magnetoresistance according to rotation of a rotor. In addition, in the motor according to the present invention, there is an effect of more effectively reducing a weight of a component formed of a material having a high density and significantly reducing a weight of the motor itself ultimately.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2017-0072617 | Jun 2017 | KR | national |
| 10-2018-0064748 | Jun 2018 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2018/006465 | 6/7/2018 | WO | 00 |
