Patent Application
20180257292
The invention relates to a mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes, which comprises a shaping labyrinth.
The invention also relates to a method of producing a mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes, in which a shaping labyrinth is provided, whose shape is subsequently adjusted according to a control master jig of the tube to be shaped.
A mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes is a part of a device for furnace/steam bending of plastic and/or rubber tubes.
The mould comprises a shaping labyrinth, hereinafter a labyrinth, made of a resistant material, into which before shaping by heating, a tube to be shaped of elastic thermosensitive material is inserted. After undergoing the furnace/steam bending process and after cooling, the tube being shaped retains the shape of the mould into which it was inserted before entering the process. In the case of steam bending, when the material of the tube to be bent is heated from the inside of the tube by the passage of hot vapour, the mould comprises a hollow steam supply head on its front part and at its rear end it comprises a hollow steam discharge head. Both the supply head and the discharge head are connected to a steam source.
The labyrinth itself is formed by a spatially shaped tube with a longitudinal cavity which is along its length provided with a through slot for inserting the tube being shaped (bent) along its entire length into the labyrinth. Thus, the plastic tube being shaped is first inserted along its entire length through the longitudinal slot of the labyrinth into the shaped cavity of the labyrinth, which is made possible by the elastic deformation of the material of the tube being shaped. It is evident that tubes bent in this manner are made of a special elastic material having the necessary mechanical properties before the process of shaping, i.e. before heating, as well as after shaping, i.e. after heating and cooling. In the case of hot steam shaping (bending), the tube being shaped introduced into the labyrinth is inserted by one of its ends into the cavity of the supply steam head and by the opposite end it is inserted into the cavity of the steam discharge head. As a result, the steam circuit of the tube bending device is closed and the bent tube is secured in the labyrinth both in the desired position and in the desired shape, which is determined by the shape of the bending mould—the labyrinth. Subsequently, hot steam is fed into the inner space of the tube being shaped by means of the steam supply head, the temperature of the hot steam typically ranging from 110° C. to 140° C. As a result of heating the material of the tube being shaped with the steam, the material of the tube being shaped is brought into a plastic state, in which, due to the stresses induced by the placing of the tube being shaped in the labyrinth, the originally straight tube changes, whereby the tube is only elastically deformed by being inserted into the labyrinth, taking on the shape corresponding to the spatial shape of the labyrinth, i.e. the desired resultant and permanent shape of the bent tube. After this plastification of the tube material, the steam is switched off and cooling of the tube being shaped is carried out, which results in fixing the shape of the tube being shaped in this state. At the same time, the steam pressure in the inner space of the tube being shaped ensures that the circular cross section of the tube being shaped is maintained during its plastification.
In the case of furnace bending, at first a resilient body, for example a spring, is inserted into the plastic tube to be bent, the flexible body ensuring the circular cross-section of the plastic tube even after plastification of the tube material during heating and cooling. After inserting the resilient body, the tube being shaped is introduced into the labyrinth (bending mould), whereby one end of the tube is inserted into the cavity of a stop head at one end of the labyrinth. The subsequent process consists in heating the tube being shaped in the furnace to a plastic state, the heating temperature being in the range 120° C. to 220° C. As a result of this plastification of the material of the tube being shaped, due to the stresses induced by the placing of the shaped tube in the labyrinth, the originally straight elastic tube is deformed, taking on the shape of the labyrinth, whereby during the subsequent cooling, the shape of the tube being shaped thus formed is fixed. Once the shape of the tube being shaped has been fixed, the inner resilient body is removed.
In this manner, tubes of different lengths, even of relatively large lengths are shaped, and so for such shaping it is necessary to provide a labyrinth of a required length, depending on the length of the tube being shaped. The disadvantage of the background art is the considerable complexity and difficulty of creating the shaping moulds (labyrinths)—in the required shape, length and number, because the moulds (labyrinths) do wear out with repeated use and so they need to be replaced or supplemented. Another problem is maintaining the required accuracy of the spatial shape of the labyrinth in the repeated production of one shape of the labyrinth or in the production of more pieces of one labyrinth.
The aim of the invention is to eliminate or at least minimize the drawbacks of the background art, especially to simplify the production of the moulds—shaping labyrinths, shorten production times, maintain reproducible accuracy and ensure that the individual shaping labyrinths produced are mutually identical.
The goal of the invention is achieved by a mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes, whose principle consists in that a shaping labyrinth comprises at least two adjacent parts connected to each other, each of which is provided at the end intended for this connection with a connecting flange for connecting the adjacent parts of the labyrinth.
The principle of the method of producing a mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes consists in that after adjusting the shape of the labyrinth, the adjusted labyrinth is scanned by a 3D scanner and subsequently a digital 3D model of the individual parts of the labyrinth is created for a 3D printer, whereupon at least one part of the labyrinth is printed on a 3D printer and the individual parts of the labyrinth are joined together, the surface is polished and, optionally, the adjacent parts of the labyrinth are additionally joined also undetachably, in addition to being joined detachably.
The invention takes advantage of the fact that the use of connecting flanges of the adjacent parts of the labyrinth enables to adjust additionally the turning between the individual parts of the labyrinth and, by means of inserts inserted between the connecting flanges, it is also possible to adjust additionally the mutual angles under which the adjacent parts of the labyrinth are connected. Another advantage of the invention is creating a digital 3D model of the individual parts of the adjusted labyrinth, which is easy to use for a 3D printer printing from a suitable material so that the individual parts of the labyrinth can be repeatedly printed in the same quality, the same shape, etc.
The invention is schematically represented in drawings, wherein
The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment of a mould for furnace/steam bending of plastic or rubber tubes. The mould is in the functional state mounted on a frame of a furnace/steam bending device of plastic or rubber tubes, namely on a stiffener 1, which is mounted on the unillustrated frame of the device.
Struts 2 are fastened to the stiffeners 1. A shaping labyrinth 3, hereinfter only “labyrinth”, is attached to the struts 2 by means of connecting eyes 20 arranged along the length of the labyrinth 3. The labyrinth 3, in a known manner, serves to give the desired spatial shape to the unillustrated the tube being shaped in the elastic state of its material, i.e. the labyrinth 3 substantially acts as a tube-forming template.
The labyrinth 3 is longitudinally divided into at least two parts I, II, which are provided at mutually adjacent ends with connecting flanges 6, by which the two parts I, II are joined to each other by suitable means, preferably detachably by means of screw joints 7 (screws and nuts). Thus, if necessary, it is possible to produce and replace only worn or damaged parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 or to create very long labyrinths 3. The connecting flanges 6 are disposed in the bends of the labyrinth 3 and/or in straight parts of the labyrinth 3 between the bends.
To be able to adjust the mutual position of the adjacent parts 1 and II of the labyrinth 3, the connecting flanges 6 are provided with a system of connecting holes 60, adapted therefor, e.g., with different mutual spacings, or connecting holes 60 elongated in the direction of the circumference of the flanges 6, as shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the areas of connection of the individual adjacent parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 are after previous detachable connection of the adjacent connecting flanges 6, e.g., also joined undetachably, they are welded to each other, so that the adjusted and precise joints cannot be disconnected or changed.
The labyrinth 3 as such is created by some of the known methods, e.g., by first preparing a drawing of the tube to be shaped as a product for which the respective labyrinth 3 is intended. According to the spatial shape of the tube to be shaped, a tube having a comparable internal diameter, such as the outer diameter of the tube to be shaped, is used to form the labyrinth 3. The tube for forming the labyrinth 3 is spatially shaped on a sufficiently precise bending machine or on a hand bending machine, so that its spatial longitudinal shape of the inner cross-section corresponds to the spatial outer shape of the tube to be shaped. Subsequently, depending on whether it is steam moulding or moulding in a furnace, the ends of this semi-finished product are welded to the respective head of the future labyrinth, alternatively also to the nuts and holders 20. Next, paths for cutting a longitudinal slot in the tube are drawn on the tube and part of the tube surface is cut out to form the labyrinth 3. Then the labyrinth 3 is ground and polished. In the next step, the labyrinth 3 is attached to a strut 2 and a stiffener 1 and the shape of the labyrinth 3 is then adjusted according to the control master jig of the tube to be shaped. In this manner, one labyrinth 3 is formed.
The method of producing a mould according to the present invention consists in that, after adjusting the shape of the labyrinth 3 according to the control master jig of the tube to be shaped, the adjusted labyrinth 3 is scanned by a 3D scanner. Thus a digitized form of the adjusted labyrinth 3 is obtained, to which are afterwards added separating sites for dividing the labyrinth 3 into individual parts I, II, of the labyrinth 3, optionally also with connecting flanges 6 with holes 60 and at least one connecting eye 20. From such modified data, a digital 3D model of the individual parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 is subsequently created, which is usable for the 3D printer, and the individual parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 are then printed from a suitable material on a suitable 3D printer. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one part I, II is 3D printed, including at least one flange and/or at least one eye clamp 20. According to another embodiment, at least one part I, II of the labyrinth 3 is 3D printed and is additionally provided with at least one connecting flange 6 of at least one eye clamp 20, which are made in a separate production process, whether by using 3D printing technology or by conventional production methods, such as machining, cutting, etc. In another unillustrated example of embodiment, the labyrinth 3 with flanges 6 and connecting eyes 20 is formed by a combination of the preceding embodiments, e.g., some parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 are made using 3D printing technology, including the flanges 6 and connecting eye 20, other parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 are created on a 3D printer and the flanges 6 and the connecting eyes 20 are attached thereto additionally, etc.
The individual parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 are subsequently joined together, the surface is polished, or the adjacent parts I, II of the labyrinth 3 in addition to being connected detachably, are additionally joined together also undetachably, e.g., by welding, and the composite labyrinth 3 is attached to the frame of the strut 2 and the stiffener 1 and is ready for use. Optionally, at least one part I, II of the labyrinth 3 can be configured in this manner.
The invention is applicable in series production of plastic or rubber shaped tubes.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PV 2017-138 | Mar 2017 | CZ | national |
