Patent Application
20120177786
In general the present invention relates to mechanized moulding of products starting from a mass of foodstuff starting materials suitable for consumption. More particularly the invention relates to a moulding device, a moulding member, a moulding method, a food preparation method and a moulded product.
Methods of moulding such products by machines and devices are known in the art. E.g. WO-A-0030458 and WO-A-2004002229 disclose moulding devices, comprising a moulding element that can be displaced in a movement direction by associated drive means, the moulding element comprising a body having at least one mould cavity having an opening in a face thereof. These known devices also comprise a supply device for supplying said mass to a mass distribution device, arranged at a fill position along the movement path of the moulding element. This mass distribution device fills the mass into the one or more mould cavities, while the moulding element travels along its movement path and at the fill position is slidingly engaged in a sealing manner by the mass distribution device. An example of a moulding element is a moulding drum having a number of mould cavities in its peripheral face. During rotation of the moulding drum the mould cavities, e.g. linearly or helically aligned, or a row of mould cavities, said row extending parallel to the axis of the drum, are filled with said mass flowing from the mass distribution device. Upon further rotation, the products thus shaped are released from the mould cavities at a product release position, usually onto a conveyor for transportation to a further processing facility, such as a freezer, oven for cooking, packaging station and the like.
Moulding devices having a linearly reciprocating moulding plate are also known in the art. In this case, the mould cavity is a through-opening extending between the main surfaces of the plate. An example thereof is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,864. Turntables comprising a rotary disc having mould cavities as recesses in a face thereof or through-openings extending between the main surfaces of the disc, are also known.
These known moulding devices are capable of producing moulded food products having a consistent shape, weight and volume. However, this consistency is frequently lost during the final preparation of the food product. For example, variations in dimensions occur e.g. due to non-uniform shrinkage upon application of heat, resulting in non-uniform organoleptical properties and appearance of the product thus prepared. For example, tenderness, moisture content and degree of browning may vary over the product. These effects are undesirable, in particular where the final products are to be prepared using standard procedures, e.g. in fastfood restaurants using a contact grill.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved moulding device and/or method for moulding three dimensional products from a mass of foodstuff starting materials. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a moulding device and moulding method allowing the preparation of a final product having more uniform product properties, for example regarding organoleptical and appearance characteristics.
A further object is to provide a moulding device and moulding method allowing the preparation of a grilled tender meat product, such as a hamburger, having an excellent bite.
Still a further object is to provide a moulding device and moulding method allowing the preparation of such products in a reduced preparation time.
Another object is to provide a food preparation method for preparing, in particular grilling, a tender meat product.
According to a first aspect of the invention a moulding device as claimed in claim 1 is provided. The moulding device prepares three-dimensionally shaped products from a mass of food starting material that is suitable for consumption. Examples of products comprise all kinds of patties and burgers, in particular hamburgers. Suitable starting materials include generally an edible plastic mass (plastic meaning mouldable such as malleable, deformable), in particular a fibrous mass, in particular a mass comprising animal fibres, such as a mass comprising muscular tissue, most particularly a mass comprising comminuted meat, such as ground (lean) beef meat. The moulding member (also referred to as moulding element) comprises a mould body, such as a drum, a plate or disc. In an embodiment, the bottom of the mould cavity of the moulding member is made from a porous material or the moulding element is made of a porous material. A structure having passages that open into the mould cavity, such as said porous structure may assist in de-aeration during filling by allowing air to escape from the mould cavity when it is being filled through the passages (pores) and/or assist in removal of moulded products from a mould cavity at a product release position by blowing air through the passages into the mould cavity. In a face of the mould body one or more mould cavities or rows of cavities are provided. A mould cavity is delimited at least partially by upright sidewalls in the body, and thus has an opening or mouth in the respective face. The peripheral upright walls and bottom define the three-dimensional contours of the moulded product. They may have an overall non-flat shape, which is to be reproduced in the moulded product itself. Additionally shaping elements, which also define the permanent geometry of the moulded product even after final preparation, may be present in the mould cavity. The moulding element is displaceable over a path from a fill position to a product release position by means of appropriate displacement means, e.g. an (electro)motor, and from the product release position to the fill position. The mould cavity receives an amount of position. The mould cavity receives an amount of the mass from the mass distribution device, which is arranged at the fill position along the movement path travelled by the moulding element. At the fill position, the face of the moulding element that is provided with the one or more mould cavities, passes the outlet opening of the mass distribution device in a sealing manner substantially preventing leakage of the mass. Usually the outlet opening of the mass distribution device is provided in a flexible engaging element. During movement the overlap (or effective throughput area) between the outlet opening of the mass distribution device and the opening of the mould cavity varies. In this description, the process of filling a mould cavity during movement thereof with respect to the stationary mass distribution device is also referred to as dynamic filling. The mass is fed by supply means, e.g. from a hopper by a pump pressurizing the mass to some extent, to the mass distribution device.
According to the invention, the mould cavity is provided with walls which are configured to define a plurality of moulding cells (or a pattern of moulding cells) within the mould cavity. The moulding cells may constitute compartments which are separated from one another by the walls. The moulding cells may be arranged against each other. The walls are configured such that the pattern of moulding cells comprises at least two or more moulding cells which are arranged behind one another in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member. The walls extend at least partially in a transverse direction transversely with respect to the movement direction of the moulding member. The pattern of the moulding cells within the mould cavity can be designed in various ways. For example, the mould cavity may comprise one longitudinal row of moulding cells which are situated behind one another in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member. It is also possible for the moulding cavity to comprise a plurality of longitudinal rows of moulding cells which are adjacent to each other, wherein the moulding cells of each longitudinal row are situated behind one another in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member. In this case, the mould cavity may comprise a plurality of transverse rows of moulding cells, wherein the moulding cells of each transverse row extend in a transverse direction with respect to the movement path of the moulding member, and wherein the transverse rows of moulding cells are arranged behind one another in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member. The moulding cells may also be designed according to other patterns.
Each wall has a height which is 10-100% of the cavity height of the mould cavity. Thus, each wall has a height which is greater than at least 10% of the cavity height of the mould cavity. For example, each wall has a height which is 30-100% or 50-100% of the cavity height of the mould cavity. The walls of each mould cavity may each have the same height. It is also possible for a number of walls to have different heights. For example, a number of walls of a mould cavity may have a height which is substantially equal to the cavity height (100%), whereas other walls of said mould cavity may have a height of, for example, 50% of the cavity height. If there are a number of walls having a height which is substantially equal to the cavity height (100%), said walls may be provided with passage openings at their upper edges for allowing mass to flow through the passage openings to adjacent moulding cells. The passage openings may be formed by cut-outs, for example, notches provided in the upper edges of the walls. It is also possible that a number of walls have a height which varies along the length of the wall.
Thus, the moulding cells of the mould cavity are arranged upstream/downstream with respect to each other in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member. The mould cavity is divided into a plurality of moulding cells, wherein at least two or more of the moulding cells are situated adjacent to each other in the relative direction of movement of the moulding member with respect to the outlet opening of the mass distribution device. As a result, the mass flow in the mould cavity is influenced, in particular the mass flow within the mould cavity takes place in a stepwise manner. First, a quantity of mass is filled in a first moulding cell or a first transverse row of moulding cells extending transversely with respect to the movement path of the moulding member. The mass being filled is initially prevented from flowing upstream due to the presence of the walls of the first moulding cell of the first row of moulding cells. After a certain amount of filling, the mass being filled flows over these walls and enters a second moulding cell or a second row of moulding cells extending transversely with respect to the movement path of the moulding member. In addition, the moulding cells are also filled consecutively when they pass the outlet opening of the mass distribution device upon movement of the moulding member. Thus, a controlled flow of mass takes place in the mould cavity during filling of the mould cavity. As a result, each moulding cell contains a portion of mass having a uniform fibre orientation after filling. This is very effective for obtaining a product having uniform organoleptical and appearance characteristics upon final preparation.
In the prior art devices used in dynamic filling, once a front end of a mould cavity is in communication with the outlet opening of the mass distributing device, the mass is forced from the front end to the rear (upstream) end to some extent due to the pressurized state of the mass. The mass properties such as viscosity, elasticity and relaxation also play a role. The resulting movement of the mass in the mould cavity is uncontrollable, but due to friction and shear forces on the moving mass particles such as fibres present in the mass attain an oriented configuration over a relatively large surface area, which oriented configuration will differ in adjacent areas. Fibres tend to shrink during application of heat, in particular in the length direction of the fibres. As the oriented configurations are different locally, the resulting shrink upon final preparation will be different and unpredictable as well. Then the consumer experiences locally different organoleptical properties, taste and appearance.
With the moulding cells of the mould cavity according to the invention, the free movement length is limited in a direction parallel to the movement direction of the moulding element, which allows filling of the mould cavity in a stepwise manner, resulting in areas having a more similar fibre orientation, and thus resulting in a more uniform shrink upon heating. Uniform shrinkage in the thickness direction of a product during heating between heated contact surfaces maintains a substantially constant contact, thereby obtaining uniformity in organoleptical properties, appearance such as colouring (browning) product interior. In addition stepwise dynamic filling according to the invention reduces the risk of uncontrolled inclusion of air in the product. Such entrapment of air could occur, if a thin viscous mass is fed to a mould cavity under a filling pressure, and this mass spreads along the periphery of the mould cavity prior to filling the core section thereof. By stepwise filling, air is forced in a controllable manner from the front end to the rear end of a mould cavity (even if the opposite bottom part or bottom opening allows de-aeration by means of pores or openings) and the air is able to escape from the mould cavity.
Another beneficial effect of the invention is that the risk of the formation of an appendage, also called a lip, is reduced. Such an appendage is readily formed due to relaxation of the mass in the mould cavity, when the front end of the mould cavity is no longer covered by a mass distribution device, in particular the flexible engaging element thereof. As the mass is forced into the mould cavity under a filling pressure, and usually maintained under an externally applied pressure for some time during travel, upon leaving the filling position the front end of the shaped product that is still pressurized to some extent, is exposed to ambient pressure. Due to the overpressure or relaxation pressure a minor portion of mass at the front end is forced out of the mould cavity resulting in an appendage. In the invention the formation thereof is reduced because the means of influencing the flow of mass in the mould cavity also delimit building up relaxation tension of the total mass in the mould cavity during filling.
In an embodiment the peripheral wall and the bottom of the mould cavity of the moulding member are arranged in a single moulding body. In other words, the moulding member is formed by a moulding body, and the mould cavity is delimited by the peripheral wall and the bottom of the moulding body. The moulding body as a unit comprises the bottom and the peripheral wall of the mould cavity. The cavity height of the mould cavity i.e. the distance between the cavity opening and the bottom of the cavity is less than the thickness of the moulding body. This embodiment is particularly useful in a moulding device, wherein the moulding body has a curved surface, and wherein the one or more mould cavities are provided in the curved surface. An example of such a moulding body is a moulding drum having a plurality of mould cavities in the peripheral surface of a cylindrical body, which moulding drum can rotate about its longitudinal axis using a suitable drive, such as a motor. Turntables having this type of mould cavities as moulding elements are also contemplated, as well as reciprocating piston type moulding devices, wherein the piston head is the movable bottom part of a mould cavity. For example, the moulding body is formed by a turntable which is rotatable about a rotation axis.
In another embodiment, in particular useful in a linearly reciprocating moulding device, the moulding member comprises a first plate, which is provided with at least one through opening which defines the peripheral wall of the mould cavity, and also a second plate extending adjacent to the first plate so as to form the bottom of the mould cavity, and wherein the first plate and the second plate can be moved with respect to each other, for example along a linear path. The mould cavities can be bores (through openings) extending from a first main face of the first plate to the opposite second main face.
The mould cavity can be constructed in various ways. For example, the mould cavity comprises 2-300 moulding cells, in particular 10-100 moulding cells. This leads to a particularly controlled flow in the mould cavity. The volume of the mould cavity may be, for example, less than 1500 cm3, in particular about 900 cm3. It is possible that the cavity opening has a surface area of 3-400 cm2. The cavity height of the mould cavity may be 2-40 mm, for example 5-15 mm. The walls may have a thickness of 0.5-5 mm, which allows the mass to flow over the walls in a very controlled manner. It is possible that the moulding cells of the mould cavity have substantially equal volumes. In other words, the dimensions of each of the moulding cells in the mould cavity may be substantially equal. It should be noted that the moulding cells may also have the same shape or different shapes, such as cubic, cylindrical and/or prismatic shapes. The height of the walls may be smaller than the cavity height of the mould cavity. Then, the mass may flow over the walls to adjacent moulding cells. If there are a number of walls having a height which is substantially equal to the cavity height, the upper ends of said walls may be provided with passage openings for allowing mass to flow through to adjacent moulding cells. The moulding cells may be arranged against each other.
In an embodiment, the bottom of the mould cavity of the moulding member is stationary in the height direction of the mould cavity. When the bottom and the peripheral wall of the mould cavity are formed as recess in a moulding body, the bottom and the peripheral wall are fixed with respect to each other. With an embodiment having a first plate provided with a through opening forming the peripheral wall and a second plate forming the bottom, wherein the first plate and the second plate can be moved with respect to each other, the bottom is not fixed with respect to the peripheral wall. However, the bottom is not displaceable in the height direction of the mould cavity. This is advantageous for stepwise filling of the mould cavity.
In an embodiment, the mass distribution device comprises an outlet opening which has a width which extends in a direction parallel to the movement path of the moulding member, wherein the width of the outlet opening is smaller than the largest dimension of the mould cavity in the direction parallel to the movement path of the moulding member. During filling of the mould cavity the mass being supplied through the outlet opening is aligned with only a portion of the moulding cells of the mould cavity. The moulding cells being arranged behind each other in the direction parallel to the movement path of the moulding member are filled consecutively when they pass the outlet opening of the mass distribution device upon movement of the moulding member.
It is also possible for the outlet opening of the mass distribution device to extend in a transverse direction transversely with respect to the movement path of the moulding member, which outlet opening has a length which is greater than the largest dimension of the mould cavity in the transverse direction. Thus, the mass distribution device may comprise an outlet opening, which extends in a direction perpendicular to the movement path of the moulding member at the filling position (cross direction), the outlet opening having a length larger than the greatest dimension of a cavity or row of cavities in the cross direction. An example of such outlet opening is a rectangular slit.
In a further embodiment the moulding cells of the mould cavity comprise flow restricting means for restricting the mass flow in the mould cavity in a direction parallel to the movement direction of the moulding element. Such flow restricting means restrict the mass flow from the front end—which during dynamic filling is the first part to overlap with the outlet opening of the mass distribution device as explained above—of a mould cavity to the rear end thereof as seen in the lengthwise direction. In the cross direction the flow of mass in the mould cavity is already at minimum, as the overlap between the outlet opening of the mass distribution device and the cavity opening as seen in the cross direction occurs at the same time.
As an example, such flow restricting means may comprise protrusions extending from the bottom part or bottom opening of a mould cavity in the height direction of the mould cavity, i.e. towards the cavity opening in the face of the moulding member slidingly and sealingly engaged by the mass distribution device. These protrusions, preferably perpendicularly arranged to the bottom part in view of product release, may be arranged in a regular pattern. A random distribution of protrusions will essentially have the same effect. In case of individual protrusions, preferably a pattern having staggered projections is applied in order to restrict flow in the lengthwise direction of a mould cavity. Advantageously the protrusions have a (frusto)conical shape having its base at the bottom part or bottom opening of a mould cavity. The protrusions may have a height corresponding to the height of the mould cavity.
In an embodiment, the walls extend at least partially in a direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the moulding member (i.e. in the width direction of a mould cavity). Advantageously the height of the walls is at least 50%, more preferably at least 66% of the height of the cavity, such as 75%. In still another example, the walls do not extend over the full width of the mould cavity. Instead, the walls are discontinuous walls leaving free one or more gaps. Advantageously, the width of the walls (in the direction of movement) is small compared to the height thereof. In particular, this width of the walls and/or protrusions is such that upon final preparation of the moulded product, the gap width in the moulded product resulting as an imprint of the walls and/or protrusions, disappears completely or almost completely due to shrink of the connections in the moulded product. The walls are designed such that a mould cavity is divided in multiple (imaginary) compartments connected to each other by a top space at the fill opening of a mould cavity. Upon dynamic filling those compartments lying in a row in the width direction of a mould cavity are filled almost simultaneously. Combinations of protrusions, separate walls and cells are also contemplated.
Regularly patterned flow restricting means may leave behind an imprint or traces thereof in the food product even after final preparation such as cooking and the like. For certain products such an imprint is not desired because it is associated with artificial food. In view thereof more complex shapes and patterns of walls are preferably used in order to decrease recognizing such imprints in the final products. Herringbone patterns, randomized structures, a mixture or combination of different shapes and dimensions are examples of obscuring recognition of such imprints in the final products, and thus the product is likely to be appreciated as a natural product.
The discontinuities complementary to the protrusions and/or walls in the moulded product itself are beneficial during further processing and preparation of the moulded product. Due to the increased surface area compared to a full solid product having substantially flat peripheral surfaces without irregularities the duration of further processing steps involving heat exchange such as cooling or freezing is reduced. The most prominent effect is achieved during cooking (e.g. frying, baking, grilling and the like) between heated contact plates. Then the voids that are defined by the discontinuities, in the product are enclosed either all over by the mass because the applied contact pressure deforms the mass or partly by the mass and partly by a contact plate. These confined voids provide local areas where steam is formed and result in a shorter distance from these steam heat sources to the core of the product, causing a substantial reduction of cooking (grilling) time. Upon testing a reduction of up to 50% has been achieved compared to a full solid product. Moreover during cooking moisture like juices and fat is collected and retained in these voids without being lost from the product. Shorter cooking time and retention of moisture result in a tender meat a tender meat product having an excellent bite. However, due to the pressure exerted on the product during the imprints of the flow restriction means disappear in the final product to such an extent that they are not perceived in a negative way. As already explained above with respect to the width of the walls and protrusions, shrink also contributes to disappearance of the imprints of the flow restriction means.
Thus by properly dimensioning the moulding cells including its geometry, height and width, grilling time, browning, yield and bite can be controlled and optimized.
Therefore a moulded product may comprise a connecting bottom part (corresponding to the top space of the mould cavity) and discontinuities in the surface of the top part of the product. The discontinuities can extend over the full height of the product. The connecting bottom part may have a continuous surface.
According to a second aspect a moulding member for moulding three-dimensional products from a mass of starting materials suitable for consumption is provided, which moulding member comprises a moulding surface which is provided with at least one mould cavity for receiving said mass, the mould cavity being delimited by a bottom and a peripheral wall defining a cavity opening in the moulding surface, wherein the mould cavity has a cavity height which is defined between the bottom and the cavity opening, which moulding member can be moved along a movement path from a fill position for filling the mass into the mould cavity to a product release position for releasing a moulded product from the mould cavity and from the product release position to the fill position, wherein the mould cavity is provided with walls which are configured to define a plurality of moulding cells within the mould cavity, wherein at least two of the moulding cells are arranged behind one another in the direction of the movement path of the moulding member, and wherein the walls have a height which is 10-100% of the cavity height of the mould cavity. This moulding member may be designed according to one or more of the features of claims 1-13 and/or according to one or more of the features mentioned in this description. Thus, the mould cavity is provided with means for influencing the mass flow in the mould cavity. This moulding element, when used in a moulding device including dynamic filling as described above, offers the same advantages and beneficial effects. The embodiments relating to the moulding member as such described above are equally applicable to this second aspect of the invention.
According to a third aspect the invention provides a method for mechanized moulding of three-dimensional products from a mass of starting materials suitable for consumption, comprising:
A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of cooking, in particular grilling, a moulded product from a mass of starting materials suitable for consumption, said method comprising a method for mechanized moulding described in the preceding paragraph and a step of cooking the moulded product in a contact heating apparatus, preferably a contact grill. It will be appreciated that steps in between the moulding step and the cooking step, e.g. cooling, freezing and thawing out, can be incorporated in this method according to the invention.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention providing a general shape to the product and the formation of the discontinuities is performed simultaneously. This is an advantage over systems, wherein solid moulded products are prepared in a first step and wherein in a subsequent separate step a surface of such moulded products is treated using some kind of perforator, a metal rod with needles. Therefore, the invention according to this aspect relates to a moulding device for moulding three dimensional products from a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption, comprising:
Below the invention will be illustrated in more detail by reference to the attached drawing, wherein:
a-d illustrate a prior art moulding method using a conventional mould cavity.
a-3d show the various processing stages according to the invention in a manner similar to
The invention can also be described by the following clauses:
2. Moulding device according to clause 1, wherein the moulding body (34) has a face (32) which comprises one or more mould cavities (30) which are delimited by upstanding walls (36), wherein the upstanding walls (36) are connected to each other by the bottom (38) of the mould cavity (30).
3. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the mass distribution device (18) comprises an outlet opening (42) which extends in a transverse direction transversely with respect to the movement path of the moulding member (16), which outlet opening (42) has a length which is greater than the largest dimension of a mould cavity (30) in the transverse direction.
4. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the means (47, 50) restrict mass flow in a direction parallel to the movement direction of the moulding member (16), in particular in a direction opposite to the movement direction.
5. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the means (47, 50) comprise projections (50) which extend in the height direction of the mould cavity (30).
6. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the means are formed by walls (47) which are connected to each other, and which walls (47) delimit moulding cells (46), wherein the walls (47) at least partially have a height with respect to the bottom (38) which is smaller than the height of the walls (36) of the mould cavity (30).
7. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the moulding body (16) comprises a curved surface, which is provided with the mould cavity (30).
8. Moulding device according to one of the preceding clauses, wherein the moulding body (34) is made from a porous material.
9. Moulding device according to one of the clauses 1-6, wherein the moulding body (16) is shaped as a flat plate, and wherein the movement path comprises a linear path.
10. Moulding device according to one of the clauses 1-6, wherein the moulding body is formed by a rotating table which is rotatable about a rotation axis.
11. Moulding member (16) for moulding three dimensional products from a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption, comprising a moulding body (34) having a face (32) which is provided with one or more mould cavities (30) for receiving the mass, which mould cavities (30) are delimited at least by upstanding walls (36), wherein the one or more mould cavities (30) are provided with means (47, 50) for influencing the mass flow in the mould cavity (30).
12. Method for mechanized moulding three dimensional products from a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption, comprising the following steps providing a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption,
13. Method for cooking moulded products from a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption, in particular a mass comprising fibres, more particularly a mass comprising animal fibres, and even more particularly a mass comprising muscular tissue, most particularly a mass comprising comminuted meat, such as ground lean beef meat, comprising a step of mechanized moulding of three dimensional products (60) according to clause 12, and a step of cooking the premoulded products in a contact heating apparatus (70).
14. Moulded product from a mass of foodstuff starting material suitable for consumption, comprising a connecting layer (61) and an upper layer (62) which extends at least to the connecting layer (61) and which comprises discontinuous elements (66, 68).
The moulding device according to one or more of the clauses 1-10 may be designed according to one or more of the features of the claims and/or according to one or more of the features mentioned in this description.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003185 | Jul 2009 | NL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2010/050450 | 7/12/2010 | WO | 00 | 3/27/2012 |
