This disclosure relates to an assembly for mounting or hanging articles to a surface, such as a wall. The disclosed mounting assembly is useful for mounting a variety of articles, including picture frames, mirrors, artwork, etc. The mounting assembly may be separately attached to an article or directly integrated into the article.
The field and background descriptions provided herein are for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the present disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
There exists a wide variety of hardware for mounting articles to a surface. However, many existing solutions are cumbersome and difficult to use, particularly where some degree of precision is desired as to placement of the articles. Many solutions do not allow for adjustments to be made after an article has been mounted.
With reference to
With reference to
The 3M Company commercially sells a product for hanging articles under the brand name “CLAW.” Similar to conventional hanging hooks, the CLAW is designed to be used with articles having hanging wires, such as wire 201. The CLAW includes hardware of a hook on one side that accepts and supports the wire 201, similar to the non-wall side of the hook 211. The wall-side of the CLAW include sharp protrusions intended to be pressed into drywall. It is akin to a conventional hanging hook 211 with integrated nails. The CLAW is sold with temporary double-sided adhesive foam markers to aid with the process of positioning the CLAW. An adhesive marker is placed on the back of the article to be hung. Then the article is pressed against the wall, causing the marker to attach to the wall and detach from the article. The CLAW is then mounted on the wall where indicated by the marker.
With reference to
Some companies, like 3M, commercially offer removable adhesive strips that can be used to stick items to a wall. It is possible to use such adhesive strips to mount articles such as picture frames, such by placing strips in the corners of a picture frame. These strips also require precise measurements. They also have their own downsides, such as making impossible any positional adjustment once the article is stuck to the surface.
The above-described methods require damage to the surface (e.g., a wall) on which the article is desired to be hung. Often, this includes driving nails, screws, or similar sharp hardware into the wall. As such, many of the foregoing methods are useful only certain types of surfaces, such as drywall or wood, and often useless on brittle materials such as glass, or hard materials such as thick steel.
Even where it is possible to use the above-described methods, they may not be suitable where it is desired to keep the surface undamaged. For example, the surface may be made of a high-grade material that should be kept pristine. Individuals who may rent their homes or offices also may wish to avoid damage to the walls, as any damage may cause them to incur substantial repair or restoration costs. People who move into a new home or renovate their homes may also wish to keep their walls undamaged.
As mentioned, it is possible to use commercially available adhesive strips to mount articles such as picture frames to a wall. However, many of these strips have pull tabs that need to protrude beyond the dimensions of the article to be mounted if it is desired to maintain their removability from the wall, and are thus visible to any observer. This may be aesthetically detrimental, particularly for mounting art or decorative items. As can be imagined, visible hanging hardware, even thin adhesive strips, is likely to be considered unsightly at best. Moreover, using adhesive to stick a picture frame or similar article to a wall causes the article to sit exactly flush with the wall. The aesthetics of such a hanging may conflict with the expectations in certain environments where viewers prefer the look of a slight downward lean.
Another disadvantage of the above-described methods for mounting articles is that it is often difficult to achieve good results because of the multiple points of precision in positioning and measuring. This is exacerbated when the job is done by just one person, particularly for larger or heavier items.
Another disadvantage of the above-described methods for mounting articles is that the precise measurements typically would only work for the originally article for which the measurements were made. For instance, once someone has made all the measurements needed for precisely hanging a specific article using wire and hook, then using that hook for another article having different dimensions or a different placement of hanging wire (or using sawtooth) will cause the other article to be incorrectly positioned.
A disadvantage of using French cleats to mount article as described above is that they do not restrict any lateral movement of the mounted article. The mounted article thus can be easily knocked off and damaged, e.g., by accident, earthquake, etc.
Based on any one or combination of the foregoing drawbacks, there is a need for improved mechanisms of mounting articles to a surface.
The present disclosure describes various embodiments of a mounting assembly. For example, embodiments of the described mounting assembly provide for hanging pictures or art in galleries, exhibit halls, homes, hotels, or the like. Advantageously, embodiments of the mounting assembly reduce complexity and precision during installation. Similarly, embodiments increase flexibility and adjustment in use, including straightforward interchangeability between articles (e.g., framed pictures or art) without altering the wall mount. Moreover, still other embodiments seek to reduce damage to the wall. In some embodiments, mounted articles hang at an aesthetically pleasing angle to the wall without increasing installation complexity or precision. Another embodiment provides a consumable kit including a frame and one or more frame side assemblies mechanically mateable to one or more wall side assemblies. In some embodiments, the frame side mounting assembly is affixed to the frame, or even is made integral thereto prior to sale.
In still other embodiments, an installer can advantageously and confidently interchange articles without removing the wall-side assembly. For example, once mounted, any piece of art with a matching article-mounted hook can be interchanged.
Embodiments may also include one or more of the following features: requiring only a single measurement to be made to precisely place an article at a particular position on the surface (e.g., a wall), non-destructive to the surface, self-leveling, allowing for both lateral and angle adjustments to be made after an article is mounted, and providing for a slight downward lean of the mounted article as preferred by some. The mounting assembly can be easily used by one person to mount an article.
The mounting assembly comprises a receiver component that may be attached to a flat surface (e.g., a wall) and a hook component that may be attached to an article to be mounted (e.g., a picture frame).
The receiver component comprises a slot into which a tab on the hook component may be inserted. The receiver component may be attached to the flat surface by use of removable adhesive material, and may comprise a centering mark and/or a built-in bubble level to allow for precise positioning of the receiver component. The receiver component optionally includes holes so that, if desired by a consumer who is not concerned about damage to a wall, fasteners such as nails or screws can be used to help secure the receiver component. A consumer may prefer using nails or screws in certain cases, such as if the article is to be mounted over a bed or crib, or to add resilience to earthquakes.
The hook component may be attached to the article to be mounted by means of screws, and it may comprise elongated screw slots which allow precise positioning of the hook component relative to the article. Optionally, the hook component may be integrated into the article. For instance, a picture frame can be manufactured with a built-in hook component.
The article is mounted to the surface by inserting the hook component into the receiver component. The article once mounted may have a slight downward lean, similar to the look of articles hung by using conventional hanging hooks. Further adjustments may be made to its lateral position and angle (e.g., level) of the article after it is mounted.
In an aspect of the invention, a mounting assembly is configured to removably position a frame on a wall, the frame configured to house one or more of a picture, art, or an article, the mounting assembly comprising: a wall mount; and a frame mount; the wall mount configured to removably attach to the wall and including a wall facing surface and a frame facing surface opposite said wall facing surface, said wall facing surface including a surface area, wherein a portion of said surface area includes adhesive configured to operatively and removably attach said portion of said surface area to the wall, and wherein said frame facing surface incudes at least one slot; the frame mount configured to attach to the frame and including an elongated tab shaped to slide within said slot to position said frame on said wall; wherein at least one of said slot and said tab includes edge barriers configured to prevent said tab from horizontally sliding out of said slot and wherein the wall mount includes at least one load-bearing surface configured to accept at least some of a load of the frame through the frame mount.
In an aspect of the invention, said wall mount comprises a receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, said frame mount comprises a hook component.
In an aspect of the invention, said mounting assembly further comprises the frame.
In an aspect of the invention, said frame comprises the frame mount.
In an aspect of the invention, the frame facing surface of the wall mount further comprises a top edge and a centering mark is situated at a midpoint of the top edge.
In an aspect of the invention, the wall mount further comprises a level.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide horizontal adjustment of the frame.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide rotational adjustment of the frame.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide vertical adjustment of the frame.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab of the frame mount further comprises a notch configured to fit over a rib inside the slot of the wall mount.
In an aspect of the invention, the wall mount further comprises one or more tab guides configured to assist initial alignment of the tab and the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, an exhibition of one or more of pictures, art, or articles, the exhibition comprises: a plurality of frames, each frame including a frame mount and each frame housing one of said one or more of the pictures, art, or articles; and a plurality of wall mounts; and each wall mount configured to removably attach to a wall and including a wall facing surface and a frame facing surface opposite said wall facing surface, said wall facing surface including a surface area, wherein a portion of said surface area includes adhesive configured to operatively and removably attach said portion of said surface area to the wall, and wherein said frame facing surface incudes at least one slot; each frame mount configured to attach to the frame and including an elongated tab shaped to slide within said slot to position said frame on said wall; wherein at least one of said slot on each wall mount and said tab on each frame mount includes edge barriers configured to prevent said tab from horizontally sliding out of said slot and wherein the wall mount includes at least one load-bearing surface configured to accept at least some of a load of the frame through the frame mount, and wherein each frame mount is mateable with each wall mount such that mounting said frames is configured to be interchangeable with each wall mount.
In an aspect of the invention, a mounting assembly for mounting an article onto a surface comprises: a receiver component configured to removably attach to the surface, comprising a front surface comprising a slot formed by a front wall and a back wall and a back surface including at least a portion configured to operably rest against the surface when the receiver component is attached to the surface; and a hook component configured to attach to the article, comprising a front surface including at least a portion configured to operably rest against the article when the hook component is attached to the article and a back surface comprising a tab for insertion into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot comprises a slot opening and a lower slot portion; the front wall and back wall of the slot are angled with respect to each other such that the slot opening is larger at one end thereof, the tab comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, wherein the top portion is thinner than the slot opening and the bottom portion is of similar thickness as a lower slot portion, such that the tab is configured to lean against the front wall of the slot when the tab is inserted into the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, an adhesive material is affixed to the back surface of the receiver component configured to removably attach the receiver component to the surface; wherein the adhesive material has a thickness that, when applied to the surface, causes a gap to be formed between the surface and a top margin of the back surface of the receiver component; and the receiver component has a top edge comprising a lead-in lip that closes at least a portion of the gap.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a vertical support configured to operably increase a resistance of the receiver component against a downward bending pressure.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the receiver component further comprises a top edge and a centering mark is situated at a midpoint of the top edge.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a level.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more holes to allow the receiver component to be attached to the surface by one or more fasteners.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the hook component comprises a bottom edge configured to rest on a top edge of the front wall of the slot of the receiver component when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the bottom edge of the front surface of the hook component is convex providing angle adjustments to the hook component relative to the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot of the receiver component further comprises a closed slot bottom configured to at least partially support a tab of the hook components when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the hook component comprises a fastener slot through which a fastener may be used to fasten the hook component to the article, wherein: the fastener slot has a length dimension and a width dimension; one of the length dimension and width dimension is smaller than a head of the fastener; and both the length dimension and width dimension are smaller than a shank of the fastener, to allow for adjustments in a position of the hook component relative to the article after the hook component has been attached to the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide horizontal adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide rotational adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide vertical adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab of the hook component further comprises a notch configured to fit over a rib inside the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more tab guides configured to assist initial alignment of the tab and the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, an article having a mounting assembly for mounting the article onto a surface comprises: a receiver component configured to removably attach to the surface, comprising a front surface comprising a slot formed by a front wall and a back wall and a back surface including at least a portion configured to operably rest against the surface when the receiver component is attached to the surface; and a hook component configured to attach to the article, comprising a front surface including at least a portion configured to operably rest against the article when the hook component is attached to the article and a back surface comprising a tab for insertion into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot comprises a slot opening and a lower slot portion; the front wall and back wall of the slot are angled with respect to each other such that the slot opening is larger at one end thereof, the tab comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, wherein the top portion is thinner than the slot opening and the bottom portion is of similar thickness as a lower slot portion, such that the tab is configured to lean against the front wall of the slot when the tab is inserted into the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, an adhesive material is affixed to the back surface of the receiver component configured to removably attach the receiver component to the surface; wherein the adhesive material has a thickness that, when applied to the surface, causes a gap to be formed between the surface and a top margin of the back surface of the receiver component; and the receiver component has a top edge comprising a lead-in lip that closes at least a portion of the gap.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a vertical support configured to operably increase a resistance of the receiver component against a downward bending pressure.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the receiver component further comprises a top edge and a centering mark is situated at a midpoint of the top edge.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a level.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more holes to allow the receiver component to be attached to the surface by one or more fasteners.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the hook component comprises a bottom edge configured to rest on a top edge of the front wall of the slot of the receiver component when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the bottom edge of the front surface of the hook component is convex providing angle adjustments to the hook component relative to the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot of the receiver component further comprises a closed slot bottom configured to at least partially support a tab of the hook components when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the hook component comprises a fastener slot through which a fastener may be used to fasten the hook component to the article, wherein: the fastener slot has a length dimension and a width dimension; one of the length dimension and width dimension is smaller than a head of the fastener; and both the length dimension and width dimension are smaller than a shank of the fastener, to allow for adjustments in a position of the hook component relative to the article after the hook component has been attached to the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the article is one of a picture frame, a mirror, or an artwork.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide horizontal adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide rotational adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab is movable within the slot to provide vertical adjustment of the article.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab of the hook component further comprises a notch configured to fit over a rib inside the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more tab guides configured to assist initial alignment of the tab and the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, a receiver component for mounting an article onto a surface is provided, the article including a hook component with portions mechanically compatible with portions of said receiver component, said receiver component further comprising a front surface comprising a slot formed by a front wall and a back wall and a back surface including at least a portion configured to operably rest against the surface when the receiver component is attached to the surface.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot comprises a slot opening and a lower slot portion; and the front wall and back wall of the slot are angled with respect to each other such that the slot opening is larger at one end thereof.
In an aspect of the invention, an adhesive material is affixed to the back surface of the receiver component configured to removably attach the receiver component to the surface; wherein the adhesive material has a thickness that, when applied to the surface, causes a gap to be formed between the surface and a top margin of the back surface of the receiver component; and the receiver component has a top edge comprising a lead-in lip that closes at least a portion of the gap.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a vertical support configured to operably increase a resistance of the receiver component against a downward bending pressure.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the receiver component further comprises a top edge and a centering mark is situated at a midpoint of the top edge.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a level.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more holes to allow the receiver component to be attached to the surface by one or more fasteners.
In an aspect of the invention, the slot of the receiver component further comprises a closed slot bottom configured to at least partially support a tab of the hook component when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises a rib inside the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, the receiver component further comprises one or more tab guides configured to assist initial alignment of the tab and the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, a hook component mechanically compatible with portions of a receiver component configured to position an article with respect to a display surface is provided, said hook component further comprising an article-facing front surface and a display surface-facing back surface comprising a tab for insertion into a slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, wherein the top portion is thinner than a slot opening of the slot and the bottom portion is of similar thickness as a lower slot portion of the slot, such that the tab is configured to lean against a front wall of the slot when the tab is inserted into the slot.
In an aspect of the invention, the front surface of the hook component comprises a bottom edge configured to rest on a top edge of a front wall of the slot of the receiver component when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot of the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the bottom edge of the front surface of the hook component is convex providing angle adjustments to the hook component relative to the receiver component.
In an aspect of the invention, the tab of the hook component is configured to be at least partially supported by a closed slot bottom of the slot of the receiver component when the tab of the hook component is inserted into the slot.
The hook component of claim 41, wherein the hook component comprises a fastener slot through which a fastener may be used to fasten the hook component to the article, wherein: the fastener slot has a length dimension and a width dimension; one of the length dimension and width dimension is smaller than a head of the fastener; and both the length dimension and width dimension are smaller than a shank of the fastener, to allow for adjustments in a position of the hook component relative to the article after the hook component has been attached to the article.
In an aspect of the invention, wherein the tab further comprises a notch.
In an aspect of the invention, a method of mounting an article onto a surface is provided, comprising: identifying a point on the surface; marking the point on the surface; attaching a receiver component to the surface by aligning a centering mark on the receiver component to the point on the surface, while using a level built into the receiver component to ensure that the receiver component is horizontally level; inserting a tab of a hook component of the article into a slot in the receiver component; adjusting the lateral position of the article by sliding the tab laterally within the slot; and adjusting the angle of the article by adjusting the angle of a curved bottom edge of a front surface of the hook component.
In an aspect of the invention, wherein the identifying a point on the surface comprises removably adhering a tape measure to the surface above a general area where the point is desired; extending the tape measure downward toward a floor; stepping on an extended pull tab of the tape measure to secure its position; and identifying the point on the surface by reference to a position on the tape measure.
In an aspect of the invention, wherein the identifying a point on the surface comprises positioning an extended pull tab of a tape measure on a floor against the surface; stepping on the extended pull tab to secure its position on the floor; extending the tape measure upward above a general area on the surface where the point is desired; removably adhering the tape measure to the surface; and identifying the point on the surface by reference to a position on the tape measure.
In an aspect of the invention, wherein the marking the point on the surface comprises placing a removable sticker on the surface.
For purposes of summarizing the invention, certain aspects, advantages and novel features of the disclosure have been described herein. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such aspects, advantages, or features will be embodied in any particular embodiment of the disclosure.
The following drawings and the associated descriptions are provided to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope of the claims.
As disclosed herein, a mounting assembly comprises a receiver component and a hook component, both of which will be discussed in further detail below. To facilitate a complete understanding of the disclosure, the remainder of the detailed description describes the invention with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers are referenced with like numerals throughout.
Reference is made to
As shown in
In an embodiment, the adhesive material 406 covers enough of the surface area of the back surface 701 to provide for the expected load during article placement. In an embodiment, the adhesive covers from about 100% of the back surface 701 to about 30% or less. More preferably, the adhesive covers between about 98% and about 50% and most preferably above 75% of the surface area of the back surface 701.
The adhesive material 406 may be a double-sided foam tape with silicone, acrylic, or other adhesive coating applied to it. The holding power of the adhesive material is affected by its dimensions, direction, and surface area. The width and height of the adhesive material may be made in the range of 2 mm to 1000 mm, while the depth (thickness) can range from 0.1 mm to 100 mm. Adhesive strips of approximately 30-80 mm (width)×50-250 mm (height)×0.5-3 mm (depth) have been found to provide a good combination of strength, size, and ease of use. In particular, it has been found that the use of two adhesive strips each of approximately 45-55 mm (width)×90-110 mm (height)×0.8-1.2 mm (depth), oriented in a vertical direction, provides adequate strength to keep an approximately 15 pound picture frame mounted on a wall for more than 100 days and counting. Adhesive strips of these dimensions and orientation has been found to hold up to 140 pounds of weight before failing, far exceeding commercially available removable adhesives for wall hangings. For instance, 3M removable adhesive of similar surface area and arranged in the same orientation fails this test at 65 pounds due to being a weaker adhesive on a more elastic foam. The vertical orientation of the adhesive strip is advantageous is that it helps increase the strip's resistance to sheer (vertical) force and better prevents the adhesive from peeling away from the surface. Additionally, the adhesive is stronger and less elastic than commercially available 3M Command Strips, allowing it to be more suitable for mounting heavy articles. In some embodiments, the receiver component 400 may be provided with a different configuration of adhesive strips, such as using four adhesive strips arranged in a row as seen in
With reference to
An installer straightforwardly attaches the receiver component 400 on a surface (e.g., a wall) at a desired location. The hook component, described in more detail below, may then be inserted into the receiver component 400. The receiver component 400 may comprise one or more optional features that may increase its utility. With reference to
The receiver component 400 may comprise one or more holes 410 to allow the receiver component 400 to be attached to the flat surface using additional fasteners, such as nails, screws, wall anchors, etc. Thus, the receiver component 400 may be attached using just the adhesive material 406, both the adhesive material and fasteners, or just fasteners. The holes 410 may be angled relative to the flat surface, e.g., having a 45 degree angle, to help retain the receiver component 400 on the flat surface once the fastener is affixed.
Reference is made to
The hook component 1200 may include slots 1211 through which the hook component 1200 may be attached to the article by the use of fasteners such as screws or nails. The screw slot has a horizontal dimension 1401 (or width) and a vertical dimension 1402 (or length). The horizontal dimensions and the vertical dimension may be different sizes as depicted in the figures, or they can be the same size. Both dimensions must be sufficiently large to accommodate the shank portion of a fastener, while at least one dimension must also be smaller than the head of the fastener so that the hook component 1200 would remain attached to the article by the fastener. As described below in connection with
A tab 1220 comprising a top portion 1221 and bottom portion 1222 protrudes downward from the back surface of the hook component 1200. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Reference is made to
Furthermore, as discussed above, the bottom edge 1520 of the front surface 1510 of the hook component 1200 may be made to have a slight convex shape where its midpoint 1521 sits lower than its sides 1522. This allows for slight adjustments to be made to the angle of the resting position of the hook component 1200 and thus to ensure that the article to which the hook component 1200 is attached is horizontally level as mounted. Specifically, to make the angle adjustments, one could simply turn the article slightly so that the bottom edge of the hook component 1200 no longer rests precisely on its midpoint 1521 on the top edge 412 of the slot wall 404, but at some point along the edge that is slightly offset from the midpoint. The weight of the article will weigh down the hook component 1200 and keep it in place as desired. The optional bumpers 1301 on the article may also help keep the article in place by providing traction against the surface.
The receiver component 400 and hook component 1200 may be made using a variety of materials, including injection molded plastic, metal, carbon fiber combinations of the same or the like. The components may also include magnets to attract them to each other, which may further increase the ease and precision of mounting.
Reference is made to
Embodiments of the mounting assembly have been disclosed. However, an artisan will recognize from the disclosure herein a wide number and variety of alterations and embodiments that accomplish the innovations of the assembly. For example, the mounting component and hook component may include multiple mateable parts. Also, the mounting component and/or hook component may advantageously be curved or include a curved surface to attach to a curved wall or curved outer frame. Additionally or alternatively, the adhesive material may adaptable to such curvature. In additional embodiments, the receiver component may be colored differently than the hook component. Or, such colors may match or be paired to ensure a matched pair for specific article size ranges. Still further installation or use instructions and/or size limitations may be printed on various surfaces of each component. Such printed information may advantageously include graphical information or reference to online materials. The frame may include mating mechanisms for the hook component. For example, the frame may include slots or fastener holes for a portrait and landscape orientation. Then, a user affixes the hook according to the desired display orientation of the frame.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including, “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. In addition, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” as used in this application and the appended claims are to be construed to mean “one or more” or “at least one” unless specified otherwise.
As a used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of A, B, or C” is intended to cover: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A, B, and C. Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be at least one of X, Y or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y and at least one of Z to each be present.
Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure and the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.