Mounting for cylinders of a printing machines

Abstract

At least two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) are arranged in a printing machine, whereby a respective end journal (23, 51) of the cylinders is mounted in or on a common insert (28), which in turn is detachably located in or on a lateral frame (27) of said printing machine.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the seating of cylinders of a printing press in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] EP 0 862 999 A2 discloses a double printing group with two transfer cylinders which are working together and are seated in eccentric, or double eccentric bushings, or on levers, for the purpose of being placed against or away from other cylinders.

[0003] The object of the invention is based on creating a seating for cylinders of a printing press in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

[0004] In accordance with the invention, this object is attained by means of the characteristics of claim 1.

[0005] The advantages which can be gained by means of the invention lie in particular in that manufacture is simplified by means of an insert for seating at least two cylinders in a lateral frame, for one, and a modular construction is made possible. Moreover, this manner of construction contributes considerably to a compact, low-vibration and rugged way of constructing a printing group.

[0006] The insert reduces the local clearance between the bearing points, i.e. reduced bearing distances result in the critical area of the printing group (printing group cylinders), whereas sufficient structural space (inking system, dampening system, paper guide rollers . . . ) remains in the surrounding area. There is no limitation of the length of the (drive mechanism) journals of the cylinders in large areas.

[0007] The insert has a large amount of rigidity because it has an at least largely closed profile with high ledges, for example; therefore no shifting of the bearing points because of “softness of the frame” occurs.

[0008] A simple and rapid assembly results for example by pushing the cylinders from one side between frame walls, because the length of the cylinder, including the journal, can be selected to be less than the clearance. However, the opening in the lateral frame of the insert can also be provided in such a size that, following the removal of the insert, or prior to outfitting with the insert, the cylinder can be passed through.

[0009] In case of a mechanical drive connection between two or several cylinders, it can be received in a hollow space of the insert and can be encapsulated in a simple way when required.

[0010] If, for example, four printing cylinders of a double printing group are seated in a common insert (in particular aligned, for example), the bending moments are compensated in the insert and ideally the lateral frame only experiences weight forces.

[0011] Minimizing the number of the parts which must be embodied to be movable during normal operations and during set-up, for example the relinquishment of the movement of all cylinders, of frame walls, bearings, etc., assures the rugged and cost-effective construction.

[0012] An embodiment of the printing group with the arrangement of the cylinders in one plane, for example, with offset grooves which, however, alternatingly roll off on each other, and with dressings embodied as metallic printing blankets on the transfer cylinders, is advantageous.

[0013] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are represented in the drawings and will be described in greater detail in what follows.

[0014] Shown are in:

[0015] FIG. 1, a schematic representation of a double printing group,

[0016] FIG. 2, a schematic representation of a three-cylinder offset printing group,

[0017] FIG. 3, a schematic representation of a double-wide double printing group,

[0018] FIG. 4, a schematic representation of a double-wide double printing group, highly symmetrical,

[0019] FIG. 5, a schematic representation of a double printing group in a section B-B in FIG. 1, with a linear actuating path,

[0020] FIG. 6, a schematic representation of a non-linear double printing group with linear actuating paths,

[0021] FIG. 7, a schematic representation of an H-printing group with a linear actuating path,

[0022] FIG. 8, a lateral view of a first embodiment of a linear guide device for transfer cylinders,

[0023] FIG. 9, a section through the linear guide device in FIG. 8,

[0024] FIG. 10, a lateral view of a second embodiment of a linear guide device for transfer cylinders,

[0025] FIG. 11, a section through the linear guide device in FIG. 10,

[0026] FIG. 12, a schematic representation of a linear double printing group in a section B-B in accordance with FIG. 1 with a curved actuating path,

[0027] FIG. 13, a schematic representation of an angled double printing group in a section B-B in accordance with FIG. 1 with a curved actuating path,

[0028] FIG. 14, a schematic representation of an H-printing group with a curved actuating path,

[0029] FIG. 15, a lateral view of the seating of the cylinders,

[0030] FIG. 16, a section through the seating in FIG. 15,

[0031] FIG. 17, a partial view of a drive mechanism for pairs of transfer cylinders,

[0032] FIG. 18, a schematic front view of FIG. 10,

[0033] FIG. 19, a schematic front view of a double printing group with cylinders of differing circumference,

[0034] FIG. 20, the coverage of the forme cylinder with four newspaper pages,

[0035] FIG. 21, the coverage of the forme cylinder with eight tabloid pages,

[0036] FIG. 22, the coverage of the forme cylinder with sixteen vertical pages in book format,

[0037] FIG. 23, the coverage of the forme cylinder with sixteen horizontal pages in book format.

[0038] A first printing group 01 of a printing press, in particular a rotary printing press, has a first cylinder 02, for example a forme cylinder 02, and an associated second cylinder 03, for example a transfer cylinder 03 (FIG. 1). Their rotating shafts R02, R03 define a plane E in a print-on position AN.

[0039] On their circumferences, the forme cylinder 02 and the transfer cylinder 03 have at least one interference in the circumferential direction on the jacket surface, for example a disruption 04, 06 in the jacket surface which is active during roll-off. This disruption 04, 06 can be a joint between leading and a trailing ends of one or several dressings, which are arranged on the circumference, for example by means of a magnetic force or by material-to-material contact. However, as represented in what follows in the exemplary embodiments, these can also be grooves 04, 06, or slits 04, 06, which receive ends of dressings. The interferences, called grooves 04, 06 in what follows, are equivalent with other interruptions 04, 06 on the active jacket surface, i.e. the outward pointing face of the cylinders 02, 03 provided with dressings.

[0040] Each of the forme cylinders 02 and transfer cylinders 03 has at least two grooves 04, 06 (or interruptions 03, 04, etc.). These two grooves 04, 06 are respectively arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the cylinders 02, 03, and offset in respect to each other in the circumferential direction.

[0041] If the cylinders 02, 03 only have a length L02, L03, which substantially corresponds to two widths of a newspaper page, only two grooves 04, 06 are provided, which are offset in respect to each other in the circumferential direction and arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.

[0042] The grooves 04, 06 are arranged on the two cylinders 02, 03 in such a way that, in the course of a rotation of the two cylinders 02, 03, they roll off on respectively one of the grooves 06, 04 of the other cylinder 03, 04. The offset of the grooves 04, 06 of each cylinder 02, 03 in the circumferential direction is preferably approximately 180°. Therefore, after respectively one 180° rotation of the cylinders 02, 03, at least one pair of grooves 04, 06 rolls off on each other, while on a longitudinal section a of the cylinders 02, 03, the cylinders 02, 03 roll off unimpeded on each other.

[0043] The transfer cylinder 01 of the first printing group 01 forms a printing position 09 together with a third cylinder 07 via a web 08, for example a web 08 of material to be imprinted. This third cylinder 07 can be embodied as a second transfer cylinder 07 (FIG. 1), or as a counter-pressure cylinder 07 (FIG. 2), for example a steel cylinder or satellite cylinder 07. In the print-on position AN, the rotating shafts R03 and R07 of the cylinders 03, 07 forming the printing position 09 define a plane D (see, for example, FIG. 6 or 13).

[0044] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, in the print-on position AN the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07 of the three cylinders 02, 03, 07 working together are substantially located on a common plane E which in this case coincides with the plane D, and extend parallel with each other (see FIGS. 5, 12). If the satellite cylinder 07 has two printing positions on its circumference, a second printing group, not represented, is preferably also arranged on the common plane E. However, it can also define a plane E of its own, which is also different from the plane D associated with it.

[0045] As represented in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the third cylinder 07 embodied as the second transfer cylinder 07 works together with a fourth cylinder 11, in particular a second forme cylinder 11 with an rotating shaft R11, and constitutes a second printing group 12. The two printing groups 01, 12 constitute a printing group 13, a so-called double printing group 13, which imprints both sides of the web 08 simultaneously.

[0046] In FIG. 5, during printing, i.e. in the print-on position AN, all rotating shafts R02, R03, R07, R11 of the four cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 are located on the common plane E or D and extend parallel with each other. FIGS. 6 and 13 show a corresponding printing group 13, wherein respective pairs of forme and transfer cylinders 02, 03, 11, 07 form one plane E, and the transfer cylinders 03, 07 form the plane D, which differs from the plane E.

[0047] In the case of the double printing group 13 (FIG. 1), the cylinders 07, 11 of the second printing group 12 also have grooves 04, 06 with the properties regarding the number and offset in respect to each other already described above in connection with the first printing group 01. Now the grooves 04, 06 of the four cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 are preferably arranged in such a way that respectively two grooves 04, 06 of two cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 which work together roll off on each other.

[0048] In an advantageous embodiment, the forme cylinder 02 and the transfer cylinder 03 each have a length L02, L03, which corresponds to four or more widths of a printed page, for example a newspaper page, for example 1,100 to 1,800 mm, in particular 1,500 to 1,700 mm, and a diameter D02, D03, for example 130 to 200 mm, in particular 145 to 185 mm, whose circumference U substantially corresponds to the length of a newspaper page, “single circumference” in what follows. The device is also advantageous for other circumferences, wherein the ratio between the circumferences D02, D03 and the length L02, L03 of the cylinders 02, 03 is less than or equal to 0.16, in particular less than 0.12, or even less than or equal to 0.08.

[0049] In an advantageous embodiment each of the two cylinders 02, 03 has two grooves 04, 06, each of which extends continuously at least over a length corresponding to two widths of a newspaper page.

[0050] However, more than two grooves 04, 06 can be arranged per cylinder 02, 03. In this case respectively two grooves 04, 06 arranged next to each other can be arranged aligned, or respectively alternatingly. However, for example with four grooves 04, 06, the two grooves 04, 06 adjoining the front ends of the cylinders 02, 03 can be arranged in a common alignment, and the two grooves 04, 06 located on the “inside” can be arranged in a common alignment, but offset in the circumferential direction in respect to the first mentioned ones (FIG. 4).

[0051] If the interruptions 04, 06 are actually embodied as grooves 04, 06, or slits 04, 06, the grooves 04, 06 schematically represented in FIGS. 1 to 4 can be slightly longer than the width, or twice the width of the printed page. Possibly two grooves 04, 06 adjoining each other in the longitudinal direction can also slightly overlap in the circumferential direction. This is not shown in detail in FIGS. 1 to 4, which are only schematic representations.

[0052] In view of the excitation, or damping of oscillations caused by groove beating, it is particularly advantageous if the grooves 04, 06 on the respective cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 are offset by 180° from each other. In this case the grooves 04, 06 between the forme cylinders 02, 11 and the transfer cylinders 03, 07 of the two printing groups 01, 12 roll off simultaneously and in the area of the same section in the longitudinal direction of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, in one stage of the cycle for example on the same side, for example a side I (FIGS. 1, 3 and 4) of the double printing group 13, and in the other phase on a side II or, with more than two grooves 04, 06 per cylinder 02, 03, 07, 11, for example in the area of the center of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0053] The excitation of oscillations is considerably reduced by the offset arrangement of the grooves 04, 06 and the roll-off of all grooves 04, 06 in the described manner, and additionally possibly also by the linear arrangement of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 in one plane E. Because of the synchronous, and possibly symmetrical roll-off on the two printing groups 01, 12, a destructive interference with the excitation occurs which, with the selection of the offset by 180° of the grooves 04, 06 on the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, takes place independently of the number of revolutions of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, or of the frequency.

[0054] If the interruptions 04, 06 are actually embodied as grooves 04, 06, in an advantageous embodiment they are embodied with a gap of narrow width, for example less than or equal to 3 mm, in the area of a jacket surface of the forme cylinders 02, 11, or of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, which gap receives ends of one or several dressings, for example one or several rubber blankets on the transfer cylinder 03, 07, or ends of one or several dressings, for example one or several printing plates, on the forme cylinders 02, 11. The dressing on the transfer cylinder 03, 07 is preferably embodied as a so-called metallic printing blanket, which has an ink-conducting layer on a metallic base plate. In the case of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, the beveled edges are secured by clamping and/or bracing devices, and in the case of forme cylinders 02, 11 by clamping devices, in the grooves 04, 06.

[0055] A single, continuous clamping and/or bracing device can be arranged in each one of the grooves 06 of the transfer cylinder 03 or—in case of grooves extending over several widths of newspaper pages—several clamping and/or bracing devices can be arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction. The grooves 04 of the forme cylinder 02, for example, also have a single, or several clamping devices.

[0056] A “minigap technology” is preferably employed in the grooves 04 of the forme cylinders 02, 11, as well as in the grooves 06 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, wherein a leading end is inserted into an end with an inclined extending suspension edge, the dressing is wound on the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, the trailing end is also pushed into the groove 04, 06, and the ends are clamped, for example by means of a rotatable spindle or a pneumatic device, to prevent them from sliding out.

[0057] However, it is also possible to arrange a groove 04, 06 embodied as a narrow slit 04, 06 without a clamping device for the dressing on the forme cylinders 02, 11, as well as for the dressing embodied as a metallic printing blanket of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, which receives the ends of the dressings. In this case the ends are secured in the slit 04, 06 by their shaping and/or the geometry of the slit 04, 06, for example.

[0058] For example, in an advantageous embodiment (FIG. 3), the transfer cylinders 03, 07 have only two dressings, which are offset by 180° from each other in the circumferential direction, each of which has at least a width corresponding to two widths of a newspaper page. In this case the dressings, or the grooves 04 of the forme cylinders 02, 11, extending complementary thereto and must have either, as represented, two continuous grooves 04, each of the length of two widths of a newspaper page, or grooves 04 which adjoin in pairs and are arranged aligned, each of a length of two widths of a newspaper page. In the first case, in an advantageous embodiment each interruption 04 of the forme cylinder 02, 11 actually embodied as a groove 04 has two clamping devices, each of a length substantially corresponding to the width of a newspaper page.

[0059] In an advantageous embodiment, the forme cylinders 02, 11 are covered with four flexible dressings, which adjoin each other in the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinders 02, 11 and have a length of slightly greater than the length of a printed image of a newspaper page in the circumferential direction, and in the longitudinal direction have a width of approximately one newspaper page. With the arrangement of continuous grooves 04 and only one clamping device per groove 04, 06, which has a length of two widths of a newspaper page, it is also possible to apply dressings of a width of two newspaper pages, so-called panoramic printing plates.

[0060] In connection with printing groups for which the need for a setup with panoramic printing plates can be excluded, an arrangement can also be of advantage wherein the “outer” dressings which respectively adjoin the side I and the side II are aligned with each other, and the “inner” dressings are aligned with each other and are arranged offset by 180° from the first mentioned ones (FIG. 4). This highly symmetrical arrangement makes it additionally possible to minimize, or prevent, the danger of an oscillation excitation in the plane E, which might result from the non-simultaneous passage of the grooves 04, 06 on the sides I and II. The alternating tensing and relaxation of the web 08 occurring alternatingly on the side I and the side II, and oscillations of the web 08 caused thereby, can also be avoided by this.

[0061] In a further development, the mentioned arrangement of the interruptions 04, 06 on the respective cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, as well as between the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, and the possibly linear arrangement of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, can be applied in particular to cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 of a length L02, L03 substantially corresponding to six times the width of a newspaper page. However, in this case it can be advantageous to embody the transfer cylinders 03, 07 and/or the forme cylinders 02, 11 with a diameter D02, D03 which results in a circumference which substantially corresponds to double the length of a newspaper page.

[0062] In an advantageous embodiment, for a mechanically simple and rugged embodiment of the double printing group 13, the forme cylinders 02, 11 are arranged fixed in respect to their axes of rotation R02, R11. For bringing the printing groups 01, 12 in and out of contact, the transfer cylinders 03, 07 are embodied to be movable in respect to their rotating shafts R03, R07, and can be simultaneously moved away from the associated forme cylinders 02, 11 and transfer cylinders 03, 07 working together with them, or can be placed against them. In this embodiment only the transfer cylinders 03, 07 are moved in the course of normal operation of the printing press, while the forme cylinders 02, 11 remain in their fixed and possibly previously adjusted position. However, the forme cylinders 02, 11 can be seated in appropriate devices, for example in eccentric or double eccentric bushings, in linear guide devices or on levers, for adjustment.

[0063] As represented schematically in FIGS. 5 to 7, and in greater detail in FIGS. 8 to 11, the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can be movable along a linear actuating path 16 or, as represented schematically in FIGS. 12 and 13, and in detail in FIGS. 14 and 15, they can be movable along a curved actuating path 17. The actuating paths 16 and 17, as well as the transfer cylinders 03, 04 in a print-off position AB, are represented in dashed lines in FIGS. 5, 6 and 12.

[0064] In a further embodiment, not represented, the actuating paths 16, 17 are created by seating the transfer cylinders 03, 07 in eccentric bushings, not represented, in particular in double eccentric bushings. It is possible by means of double eccentric bushings to create a substantially linear actuating path 16 in the area of the print-on position AN, however, in the area remote from the printing position 09, a curved actuating path 17 when required, which allows a more rapid, or greater removal of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 from the transfer cylinders 07, 03 working together with them, than from the associated forme cylinders 02, 11, or vice versa. The seating on the side I and on the side II of the double printing group 13 is also of advantage for the use of eccentric cams.

[0065] In what follows (FIGS. 5 to 11), exemplary embodiments of the printing groups 01, 12 are represented, wherein at least one of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can be moved along a linear actuating path 16 (FIG. 5):

[0066] The linear actuating path 16 is performed with the aid of linear guide devices, not represented in FIG. 5, which are arranged in or on the lateral frame, also not represented in FIG. 5. For a rugged and low-oscillation construction, seating in a linear guide device is provided preferably on the side I and the side II of the double printing group 13.

[0067] The course of the web 08 through the printing position 09, which is in the print-on position AN, is represented in FIG. 5. The plane E of the double printing group 13 (FIG. 5), or of the respective printing group 01, 02 (FIG. 6), and the plane of the web 08 intersect in an advantageous embodiment at an angle alpha of 70° to 85°. If the transfer cylinders 03, 07 have a circumference approximately corresponding to the length of one newspaper page, the angle alpha is approximately 75° to 80°, preferably approximately 77°, but if the transfer cylinders 03, 07 have a circumference approximately corresponding to two newspaper pages, the angle alpha is approximately 80 to 85°, preferably approximately 83°. For one, this selection of the angle alpha takes into account the assured and rapid access to the web 08 and/or the moving apart from each other of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 over a minimized actuating path 16, and also minimizes negative effects on the result of printing, which is decisively affected by the amount of a partial looping of the transfer cylinder(s) 03, 07 (mackling, smearing). In an optimal arrangement, the required linear actuating path 16 of each transfer cylinder 03, 07 is less than or equal to 20 mm for bringing the transfer cylinders 03, 07 into and out of contact with each other, but up to 35 mm for giving free access to the web 08 during imprint operations.

[0068] When arranging the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07 of the forme, transfer and counter-pressure cylinders 02, 03, 07 in the plane E (FIG. 5), the direction of the linear actuating path 16 forms an angle delta with the plane E, which here coincides with the plane D, which essentially is 90°. The direction of the linear actuating path 16 forms an angle gamma with a plane of the incoming or outgoing web 08 in the area of an obtuse angle beta between the web 08 and the plane E. In case of a straight course of the web 08, beta=180°-alpha applies, wherein for example gamma lies around 5 to 20°, in particular around 7 to 13°. In that case, with a linear printing group 01 and straight-running web 08, the obtuse angle beta preferably lies between 95° and 110°.

[0069] In the case where only one of the forme cylinders and the associated transfer cylinders 02, 03, 11, 07 define the plane E in the contact position (FIG. 6), the angle gamma between the actuating path 16 and the plane of the web 08 preferably should be selected to be greater than or equal to 5°, preferably between 5° and 30°, in particular between 5° and 20°. In particular, for forme cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 of single circumference, the angle gamma is greater than or equal to 10°. However, the angle gamma is upwardly limited in such a way that the angle delta between the portion of the plane E pointing in the direction toward the forme cylinders 02, 11 and the direction of the contact-release path 16 is at least 90°. The rapid and dependable removal of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 simultaneously from the web 08 and the associated forme cylinders 02, 11 is assured in this way.

[0070] The relationships mentioned are to be correspondingly applied to a “non-linear” course of the web 08, taking into consideration the respective obtuse angle between the web 08 and the plane E.

[0071] The direction of the actuating path 16 (in the direction toward contact release) is selected, regardless of the relative course of the web 08, in such a way, that an angle phi between the plane E and the actuating path 16 in the direction toward contact release lies by at least 90° and at most 120°, in particular between 90° and 115°. However, the angle phi is again upwardly limited in such a way that the angle delta is at least 90°.

[0072] The double printing group 13 can be multiply employed, for example twice, as represented in FIG. 7, in a printing unit 19, for example a so-called H-printing unit 19, in a common lateral frame 27. In FIG. 7, a separate identification of the respective parts of the lower located double printing group 13, which are identical to the upper double printing group 13, was omitted. With an arrangement of all cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 whose circumference substantially corresponds to the length of a newspaper page, it is possible to save structural space, i.e. a height h of the printing unit 19. This of course also applies to individual printing groups 01, 12 for double printing groups 13, as well as for otherwise configured printing units having several printing groups 01, 12. However, a priority can also be an improved accessibility of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, for example for changing dressings, cleaning work and washing, maintenance, etc., in place of a savings in height h.

[0073] The print-on, or -off positions AN, AB have been drawn bold in all drawing figures for the purpose of clarity. In FIG. 7, the transfer cylinders 03, 07 are indicated in dashed lines in a second possible position along the linear actuating path 16, wherein here, for example, the upper double printing group 13 is operated in the print-off AB position (solid lines), for example for a printing forme change, and the lower double printing group 13 is operated in the print-on position AN (solid lines), for example for continued printing.

[0074] In an advantageous embodiment, each one of the printing groups 01, 12 has at least one drive motor 14 of its own, which is only indicated in dashed lines in FIG. 7, for the rotatory driving of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0075] In a schematically represented embodiment shown in FIG. 7 (at the top), this can be a single drive motor 14 for the respective printing group 01, 12 which, in an advantageous embodiment, in this case initially drives the forme cylinders 02, 11, and power is transferred from there via a mechanical drive connection, for example spur wheels, toothed belts, etc., to the transfer cylinders 03, 07. However, for reasons of space and for reasons of the flow of moments, it can also be of advantage to transfer power from the drive motor 14 to the transfer cylinders 03, 07, and from there to the forme cylinders 02, 11.

[0076] In one embodiment, the printing group 01, 12 has its own drive motor 14 per cylinder 02, 03, 07, 11 (FIG. 7, bottom), which is mechanically independent of the remaining drive mechanisms and has a large degree of flexibility in the various operating situations, such as production runs, registration, dressing changes, washing, web draw-in, etc.

[0077] The type of drive mechanism in FIG. 7 (top and bottom) is represented by way of example and can therefore be transferred to every other example.

[0078] In an advantageous embodiment, driving by means of the drive motor 14 takes place coaxially between the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07, R11 and the motor shaft, if required with a coupling for compensating angles and/or offset, which will be explained in greater detail below. However, it can also take place via a pinion, in case the “moving along” of the motor 14, or a flexible coupling between the drive motor and the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, which are to be moved when required, is to be avoided.

[0079] A first exemplary embodiment for providing the linear actuating path 16 by means of a linear guide device is represented in FIGS. 8 and 9.

[0080] The journals 23 of at least one of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 are rotatably seated in radial bearings 27 which are, for example, bearing housings 24 embodied as carriages 24 (in FIGS. 8 and 9 only the arrangement in the area of the front faces of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 is represented). The bearing housings 24, or carriages 24, are movable in linear guide devices 26, which are connected with the lateral frame 27.

[0081] For the linear arrangement of the double printing group 13, the linear guide devices 26 are oriented in an advantageous embodiment almost perpendicularly in respect to the plane E, or D, i.e. delta=90° (see FIG. 5). In a preferred embodiment, two linear guide devices 26, which extend parallel with each other, are provided for guiding each bearing housing 24, or carriage 24. The linear guide devices 26 of two adjacent transfer cylinders 03, 07 also preferably extend parallel with each other.

[0082] In an embodiment, not represented, the linear guide devices 26 can be arranged directly on the walls of the lateral frame 27, in particular on walls of openings in the lateral frame 27 which extend almost perpendicularly to the front faces of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0083] The lateral frame 27 (FIGS. 8 and 9) has an insert 28, for example a so-called bell 28, in an opening. The linear guide devices 26 are arranged on, or in this bell 28. The described employment of the bell 28 is not to be limited to the described embodiments of the printing groups, nor to special variations for the movement of the cylinders 03, 07, nor to special drive connections. The bell can be used in the same way in connection with a cylinder 03, 07, which can be displaced via eccentrics or levers, wherein in this case for example an eccentric bearing or a lever can be seated on or in the insert. However, a lever can also be seated outside of the insert, wherein the equivalent drive mechanism (couplings and/or drive connection with the motor or the other cylinder 02, 11) can be arranged in the bell 28, and the seating of the cylinder 03, 07 in the lever takes place, for example, in the area of the bell 28.

[0084] In an advantageous embodiment the bell 28 has an area which projects in the direction toward the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 out of the aligned lateral frame 27. The linear guide devices 26 are arranged in, or on this area of the bell 28.

[0085] The distance between the two oppositely-located lateral frames 27 (only one is represented) is as a rule set in accordance with the widest unit, for example the wider inking system 21 and, as a rule, leads to a correspondingly longer journal of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11. With the above mentioned arrangement it is advantageous that it is possible to keep the journals of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 as short as possible.

[0086] In a further development, the bell 28 has a hollow chamber 29, which is at least partially arranged at the height of the alignment of the lateral frame 27. As schematically represented in FIG. 9, the rotatory drive mechanisms of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 are connected with the journals of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 in this hollow chamber 29.

[0087] With paired driving of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 (see for example FIG. 11), drive connections, such as cooperating drive wheels 30, for example, can be particularly advantageously housed in this hollow chamber 29. In an advantageous embodiment (FIG. 9), with the drive motor 14 fixed in place on the frame, a coupling 61, which compensates angles and offset, can be arranged on the transfer cylinders 03, 07 between the transfer cylinders 03, 07 and the drive motor 14 in order to even out the movements into and out of contact of the transfer cylinders 03, 07. It can be designed as a double joint 61 or, in an advantageous embodiment, as an all-metal coupling 61 with two multi-disk packets, which are rotationally rigid, but axially deformable. The all-metal coupling 61 can even out the offset and the positional change caused by this at the same time. It is important that the rotatory movement is transmitted without play.

[0088] In case of the coaxial driving of the forme cylinders 02, 11 in particular, the drive mechanism of the forme cylinders 02, 11 has a coupling 62 between the journal 51 and the drive motor 14, which takes up at least an axial relative movement between the cylinders 02, 11 and the drive motor 14 for setting the lateral register. In order to also absorb production tolerances and possibly required movements of the forme cylinders 02, 11 for adjusting purposes, the coupling 62 is designed as a coupling 62 which evens out at least small angles and offsets. It is also designed in an advantageous embodiment as an all-metal coupling 62 with two multi-disk packets, which are rotationally rigid, but axially deformable. The linear movement is taken up by the multi-disk packets, which are positively connected in the axial direction with the journal 51, or with a shaft of the drive motor 14.

[0089] If lubrication, for example a lubricant or oil chamber, is required, the hollow chamber 29 can be bordered in a simple manner by means of a cover 31 (dashed lines), without it increasing the width of the press, or protruding from the frame 27. In that case the hollow chamber 29 can be designed to be encapsulated.

[0090] Thus, the arrangement of the bell 28 shortens the lengths of the journals, which has a reduction of oscillations as a result, and makes possible a simple and variable construction, which is suitable for the most varied driving concepts and, along with a large degree of structural uniformity, allows the changing between concepts—with or without drive connections, with or without lubricants, with or without additional couplings.

[0091] In the embodiment schematically represented in FIG. 8, driving of the respective bearing housings 24, or carriages 24 in the linear guide devices 26 is performed, for example, by means of linear drives 32, for example by respective threaded drive mechanisms 32, for example a threaded spindle driven by an electric motor, not represented. In this case the rotary position of the electric motor can be controllable. For limiting the travel in the print-on position AN, a stop which is fixed in place on the frame but is adjustable, can be provided for the bearing housing 24.

[0092] However, driving of the bearing housing 24 can also take place by means of a lever mechanism. The latter can also be driven by means of an electric motor, or by means of a cylinder which can be charged with a pressure medium. If the lever mechanism is driven by means of one or several cylinders, which can be charged with a pressure medium, the arrangement of a synchronizing spindle which synchronizes the actuating movements on both sides I and II is advantageous.

[0093] The attachment of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 to be moved to the lateral frame 27, or the bell 28, is provided as follows in the exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIG. 9: the bell 28 has support walls 33 on both sides of the carriage 24 to be guided, which receive one of the two corresponding parts of the linear guide device 26. This part can possibly also already be a component of the support wall 33, or can be worked into it. The other corresponding part of the linear guide 26 is arranged on the carriage 24, or has been worked into it, or has it. In an advantageous embodiment the carriage 24 is guided by two such linear guide devices 26, which are arranged on opposite sides of the carriage 24.

[0094] The parts of the guide devices 26 arranged on the support walls 33 (or without a bell 28 directly on the lateral frame 27) in this way enclose the carriage 24 arranged between them. The active surface of the parts of the linear guide device 26 connected with the lateral frame 27, or the bell 28, point into the half space facing the journal 23. For reducing the friction between the parts of the guide devices 26 which work together, bearings 34 are arranged in an advantageous embodiment, for example linear bearings 34, in particular rolling bearing cages 34, which make possible a linear movement.

[0095] In the ideal case, the respective two parts of the two guide devices 26 permit a movement of the carriage 24 only in one degree of freedom in the form of a linear movement. For this purpose the entire arrangement is clamped together essentially free of play in a direction extending perpendicularly in respect to the rotating shafts R03, R07 and perpendicularly in respect to the movement direction of the carriage 24. For example, the respective part of the guide device close to the forme cylinder (in FIG. 9 with larger dimensions) has a clamping device, not represented.

[0096] The carriage 24 seated in the described manner has, for example on a radially inward directed side of a recess facing the transfer cylinders 03, 07, the radial bearing 27, which receives the journal 23.

[0097] In a second exemplary embodiment (FIGS. 10 and 11), which is advantageous in particular in respect to structural space and a rugged construction, the active surfaces of the parts of the linear guide device 26 which are connected with the lateral frame 27, or with the bell 28 point into the half space facing away from the journal 23. For this purpose, the parts of the linear guide device are arranged on a support 36 connected with the bell 28 (or with the lateral frame 27). The carriage 24 has the parts of the linear guide device 26 which are assigned to it in a recess facing the lateral frame 27, or the bell 28. These parts can be arranged in the recess as components, or can be already worked into an inward directed surface of the recess of the carriage 24. As in the exemplary embodiment in accordance with FIG. 9, the carriage 24 has a recess pointing toward the transfer cylinders 03, 07, in which the radial bearing 27 for receiving the journal 23 is arranged. In the present exemplary embodiment, a running face for rolling elements of the radial bearing 27 embodied as a rolling bearing 27 has already been worked into an inward directed face of the recess.

[0098] Thus, the parts of the guide device 26 arranged on the carriage 24 comprise the support 36, or the parts of the guide devices 26 arranged on the support 36, on the lateral frame 27, or on the bell 28.

[0099] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the supports 36 assigned to the transfer cylinders 03, 06 has an elongated hole oriented in the movement direction of the carriage 24, not visible in the drawing figures, for passing the journal 36 through, which is to be linearly moved. This elongated hole is aligned at least in part with an elongated hole, also not visible, which is arranged in the bell 28 (or in the associated lateral frame 27). The journal 23, or a shaft connected with the journal 23, passes through these elongated holes, and are in a driven connection with a drive wheel 30 (see FIG. 9) or with the drive motor 14 for the rotatory driving of the transfer cylinders 03, 07.

[0100] Driving of the carriage 24 can take place in a manner already described in the first exemplary embodiment. FIG. 11 shows the embodiment by means of actuating means designed as a lever mechanism. The carriage 24 is hingedly connected via a connector 37 with a lever 38, which can be pivoted around an axis which extends substantially parallel with the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07. In the exemplary embodiment, the connectors 37 of the two adjoining carriages 24 of the cooperating transfer cylinders 03, 07 are hingedly connected with the lever 38, here embodied as a three-armed lever 39, for the purpose of synchronizing the actuating movements of both transfer cylinders 03, 07. Driving of the lever 38 is performed by means of at least one actuating drive 39, for example by means of one or by means of two (as in FIG. 10) cylinders 39, which can be charged with a pressure medium. In the course of actuating the actuating drive 39 and pivoting of the lever 38 in one direction (here in a clockwise direction), the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the two transfer cylinders 03, 07 are moved into the plane E, wherein in they are simultaneously placed against each other and against the respective forme cylinders 02, 11. By pivoting in the other direction, the two transfer cylinders 03, 07 are brought out of contact with each other and with the associated forme cylinders 02, 11.

[0101] In particular in the case wherein the actuating drive 39 is embodied as a cylinder 39 which can be charged with a pressure medium, the arrangement of stops 41 is advantageous, against which the respective carriage 24 is placed in the print-on position AN. These stops have been designed to be adjustable in order to make possible the setting of the end position of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, in which their rotating shafts R03, R07 come to lie in the plane E. The system becomes very rigid if the carriage 24 is pushed with a large force against the stop 41, or stops 41 (respectively two in FIG. 10).

[0102] If, as in the present case, the carriages 24 of the two adjoining transfer cylinders 03; 07 are actuated by a common actuating means, it is advantageous in a further development of the exemplary embodiments if the actuating means between the respective carriages 24 and the first common part of the actuating means are embodied to be resilient, at least within narrow limits. To this end, each connector 37 has a multi-disk packet 42, for example a plate spring packet 42, in the manner of a shock-absorbing leg. While in the print-on position AN the spring packet 42 of the one transfer cylinder 03, 07 is compressed, the spring packet 42 assigned to the other transfer cylinder 07, 03 is under tensile strain.

[0103] For synchronizing the linear movement of both sides of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, a shaft 43, for example a synchronized shaft 43, is connected with the actuating means arranged on both sides of the transfer cylinders 03, 07. For this purpose, the shaft 43 in the example is connected, fixed against relative rotation, with the two levers 38 which are respectively arranged on a lateral frame 27 on the sides I and II. In this case, this represents the pivot axis for the levers 38 at the same time.

[0104] An adjusting device can be provided for the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 8 to 11, which makes possible the basic setting of the spacings between the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07, R11, in particular during assembly and/or if the configurations and/or conditions have changed. For this purpose, individual ones of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, for example the forme cylinder 02, 11, can be seated in an eccentric bushing, if desired. At least one of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can also be adjustable in a radial direction for this adjustment. For example, the parts of the linear guide device 26 assigned to the lateral frame 27, or the bell 28, or the support 38, can be connected with the lateral frame 27, or the bell 28, through elongated holes which are sufficient for adjusting purposes. An eccentric position, which can be fixed in place, of the radial bearings 27 in the carriage 24 is also possible.

[0105] Exemplary embodiments of the printing group 01, 12 are explained in what follows (FIGS. 12 to 18), wherein at least one of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can be moved along a curved actuating path 17 (FIG. 12). Here, too, at least two cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 can be seated in an insert, not represented. The equivalent drive mechanism, for example a mechanical coupling between the rotatory drive mechanisms of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, as well as possibly provided couplings, can again be arranged in a hollow chamber 29 and possibly encapsulated, as described above.

[0106] One of the transfer cylinders 03 is seated, pivotable around a pivot axis S, in the lever 18, schematically represented in FIG. 12. In this case the pivot axis S is located on the plane E, for example. The lever 18 here is of a length between the seating of the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 and the pivot axis S, which is greater that the distance of the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 from the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the associated forme cylinders 02, 11 in the print-on position AN. With this, the simultaneous taking out of contact of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 working together and the associated forme cylinders 02, 11 takes place, and vice versa for putting them into contact.

[0107] However, in particular as described in greater detail below, the pivot axis S can also be eccentrically arranged in respect to the rotational shafts R02, R11 of the associated cylinders 02, 11 in a different way, for example at a distance from the plane E. Seating in a lever 18 preferably takes place on side I and on side II of the double printing group 13.

[0108] The course of the web 08 through the printing position 09 located in the print-on position AN is also represented in FIGS. 12 and 13. The plane E of the double printing group 13 (FIG. 12), or of the respective printing groups 01, 12 (FIG. 13), and the plane of the web 08 here also intersect in an advantageous embodiment at an angle alpha of 70° to 85°. If the transfer cylinders 03, 07 have circumferences corresponding to the length of one newspaper page, the angle alpha is, for example, approximately 75° to 80°, preferably approximately 77°, but if the transfer cylinders 03, 07 have circumferences approximately corresponding to two newspaper pages, the angle alpha is, for example, 80 to 85°, preferably approximately 83°. Here, too, the selection of the angle alpha contributes to assured and rapid separation of the web 08 and/or the movement out of contact of the transfer cylinder 03, 07 with each other with a minimized actuating path 16. Furthermore, it minimizes negative effects on the result of printing, which is decisively affected by the amount of a partial looping of the transfer cylinder(s) 03, 07 (mackling, smearing).

[0109] The double printing group 13 (here in a linear embodiment) can be multiply employed, for example twice, as represented in FIG. 14, in a printing unit 19, for example a so-called H-printing unit 19, in a common lateral frame 27. In FIG. 14, a separate identification of the respective parts of the lower located double printing group 13, which are identical to the upper double printing group 13, was omitted. Regarding the advantages of this arrangement, reference is made to the remarks in connection with FIG. 7.

[0110] FIG. 13 indicates in dashed lines (however, drawn bold for more clarity) the transfer cylinders 03, 07 in a second possible position along the actuating path 17, wherein here the upper printing group 13, for example, is operated in the print-off position AB, for example for changing the printing formes, and the lower printing group 13 is operated in the print-on position AN, for example for continued production printing.

[0111] In an advantageous embodiment, every one of the printing groups 01, 12 here also has at least one drive motor 14 of its own for rotatory driving of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0112] In an embodiment schematically represented at the bottom of FIG. 14, this can be a single drive motor 14 for the respective printing group 01, 02, which in an advantageous embodiment in this case first drives the forme cylinders 02, 11, and from there the power is transferred via a mechanical drive connection, for example spur wheels, toothed belts, etc. to the transfer cylinders 03, 07. However, for reasons of space and of the moment flow, it can also be advantageous to transfer power from the drive motor 14 to the transfer cylinder 03, 07, and from there to the forme cylinder 02, 11.

[0113] As in the above mentioned exemplary embodiment, in one embodiment with its own drive motor 14 per cylinder 02, 03, 07, 11, which is mechanically independent of the remaining drive mechanisms, the printing group 01, 12 has a large degree of flexibility (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 14 for an upper double printing group 13).

[0114] The type of drive mechanism in FIG. 14 (top or bottom) is respectively represented by way of example and can therefore be transferred to the respectively other printing groups 01, 12, or the other double printing group 13.

[0115] In an advantageous embodiment the driving by means of the drive motor 14 takes place coaxially between the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07, R11 and the motor shaft, if required via the couplings 61, 62 for compensating angles and/or offset, already explained in greater detail above. Driving can also take place via a pinion in case the “moving along” of the motor 14 or of a flexible coupling between the drive motor and the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, which are to be moved when required, is to be avoided.

[0116] An exemplary embodiment for providing the curved actuating path 17 by means of the lever 18 is represented in FIGS. 15 and 16.

[0117] FIG. 15 shows a lateral view, in which only one of two journals 23 which are arranged on the fronts of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 (in dashed lines) is visible. The lever 18 is seated, pivotable around the pivot axis S, which is preferably fixed in place (but adjustable, if required) in respect to the lateral frame 27. In the embodiment represented, in a print-on position AN, the rotating shafts R02, R03, R07, R11 of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 shown in dashed lines, are again located in a plane E, which in this case coincides with the plane D between the cylinders 03, 07 which form printing positions 09.

[0118] The pivot axis S of the lever 18 is arranged eccentrically in respect to the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 and is located outside the plane E or D. Pivoting of the lever 18 around the pivot axis S by means of a drive mechanism 44, for example by means of a pressure medium cylinder 44, via an actuating means 44, for example a single- or multi-part connector 46, for example a lever or toggle lever mechanism 46, causes the transfer cylinders 03, 07 to be simultaneously brought out of and into contact with the assigned forme cylinders 02, 11, or the respectively other transfer cylinders 07, 03. The toggle lever mechanism 46 is hingedly connected with the lever 18 and with a pivot fixed on the frame. The advantageously double-acting pressure medium cylinder acts, for example, on a movable joint of the toggle lever mechanism. The rotating shafts R02, R11 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 remain at rest for this process. So that the movement of the two levers 18 per transfer cylinder 03, 07, which are arranged on the front face, takes place synchronously, the actuating means 44 can have a shaft 47, for example a synchronous shaft 47, which connects the two actuating means 44, or can be connected with such a one. To assure the desired, for example linear, arrangement of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, a stop 48, which is preferably embodied to be adjustable, is provided per lever 18.

[0119] The driving and actuating means 44, 46 are designed and arranged in such a way that the movement out of contact of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 takes respectively place in the direction of the obtuse angle beta (for a straight web run 180°-alpha) between the web 08 and the plane D or E.

[0120] The eccentricity e-S of the pivot axis S in respect to the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 lies between 7 and 15 mm, in particular approximately 9 to 12 mm. In the contact position of the transfer cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, i.e. the rotating shafts R03, R07 lie in the above mentioned plane D, the eccentricity e-S is oriented in such a way, that an angle epsilon-S between the plane D of the cylinders 03, 07 forming the printing position 09 and the connecting plane V of the pivot axis S and the rotating shafts R02, R11 lies between 25° and 65°, advantageously between 32° and 55°, in particular between 38° and 52°, wherein the pivot axis S is preferably in the area of an obtuse angle beta between the plane D and the incoming or outgoing web 08, and is farther apart from the printing position 09 than the rotating shaft R02, R11 of the associated forme cylinders 02, 11. In case of a vertical and, except for a possible offset caused by the partial looping around, straight path of the web, as well as an angle of 77° between the plane D and the plane of the web 08, the eccentrics e-S have an angle of, for example 12 to 52°, advantageously 19 to 42°, in particular 25 to 39°, in respect to a horizontal line H.

[0121] In the ideal case, i.e. with never-changing conditions and a tolerance-free production, the arrangement as described so far meets the demands made on putting the printing groups 01, 12, or the double printing group 13, into and out of contact without further actuating mechanisms.

[0122] However, for compensating possibly occurring production tolerances, and/or for being able to perform a base positioning of the dressings, materials to be imprinted, etc., further actuating options for adjusting purposes are provided.

[0123] The rotating shafts R02, R11 on the forme cylinders 02, 11 are seated adjustably, for example also eccentrically in respect to their fastening on the lateral frame 27, in this case in respect to a bore 49. In the present case, a journal 51 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 is arranged in an eccentric bearing 52, or an eccentric bearing bushing 52, which is pivotably seated in the bore 49.

[0124] A pivot axis S51 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 is eccentrically arranged by an eccentricity of 5 to 15 mm, in particular approximately 7 to 12 mm, in respect to the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the forme cylinders 02, 11, and is located outside of the plane E.

[0125] In the contact position between the forme and the associated transfer cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, i.e. the rotating shafts R0, R03, or R11, R07 are located in the plane E, the eccentricity e-S51 is oriented in such a way that an angle epsilon-S51 between the plane E of the pair of cylinders 02, 03, or 02, 11, and a connecting plane of the pivot axis S51 and the rotating shafts R02, R1 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 lies between 25° and 65°, advantageously between 32° and 55°, in particular between 38° and 52°. The pivot axis S5 is preferably located in a half plane which is farther removed from the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the associated transfer cylinders 03, 07 than the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the associated forme cylinders 02, 11.

[0126] In the exemplary embodiment, the pivot axis S51 for the eccentric seating of the forme cylinders 02, 11 coincides with the pivot axis S of the lever 18.

[0127] The coincidence of the pivot axes S and S51 is not absolutely necessary, but practical. In particular, the pivot axis S, which is stationary in respect to the lateral frame 27 and is not affected by the pivoting of the forme cylinders 02, 11, permits a simple and exact adjustment. In principle, the lever 18 could also be arranged on an eccentric flange of the bearing bushing 52 which receives the journals 51, but during turning this would result in a simultaneous displacement of the distances between the forme cylinders 02, 11 and the transfer cylinders 03, 07, as well as between the transfer cylinders 03, 07.

[0128] In an advantageous embodiment the two pivot axes S51 (and/or S) and S23 of the pairs of forme and transfer cylinders 02, 03, 11, 07 are arranged on two different sides of the plane E in the print-on position AN.

[0129] The position of the forme cylinders 02, 11 can be adjusted by means of a second adjusting means 53 in accordance with the desired position in respect to the plane E, or in regard to the required distance from the transfer cylinders 03, 07 for the print-on position AN, by a slight twisting of the eccentric bearing 52. After it has been adjusted, this position is set, for example, by not represented means.

[0130] For adjusting the printing gap at the printing position 09 into the print-on position AN, at least the journals 23 of one of the two transfer cylinders 03, 07, in this case the transfer cylinder 07, can be adjusted. For example, they are also eccentrically seated in the assigned lever 18. An eccentricity e-s23 of a pivot axis S23 in respect to the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the transfer cylinder lies between 1 and 4 mm, in particular approximately at 2 mm. In the contact position of the cylinders 03, 07 forming the printing position 09, i.e. the rotating shafts R03, R07 are located in the plane D, the eccentricity e-S23 is oriented in such a way that an angle epsilon-S23 between the plane D and the connecting plane of the pivot axis S23 and the rotating shaft R07 (R03) lies between 70° and 110°, advantageously between 80° and 100°, in particular between 85° and 95°. In the example the angle epsilon-S23 should be approximately 90°.

[0131] An embodiment in accordance with FIG. 15 is represented in FIG. 16 in a section along the plane E. Each of the journals 51 of the forme cylinders 02, 07 is rotatably seated in bearings 54, for example rolling bearings 54. In order to be able to provide a setting, or a correction of the lateral register, this bearing 54, or an additional axial bearing, not represented, makes possible in an advantageous embodiment the movement of the forme cylinders 02, 11, or their journals 51, in the axial direction. The bearings 54 are arranged in eccentric bearings 52, or eccentric bearing bushings 52, which in turn are arranged pivotably in the bore 49 in the lateral frame 27. Besides the eccentric bearing bushing 52 and the bearing 54, further bearing rings and friction bearings or rolling bearings can be arranged between the bore 49 and the journals 51. The lever 18 is seated on a part of the bearing bushing 52 projecting from the lateral frame 27 in the direction toward the forme cylinders 02, 11, and is pivotably seated in relation to it. On its end remote from the pivot axis S, the lever 18 receives the journal 23 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, which is arranged, rotatable in a bearing 56, and the latter, in the case of the transfer cylinder 07, is arranged, pivotable around the pivot axis S-23, in an eccentric bearing 57, or in an eccentric bearing bushing 57. If required, a bearing bushing which is pivotable in such a way can also be arranged for both transfer cylinders 03, 07.

[0132] The lateral frame 27 advantageously has recesses 58, at least on the driven side of the printing press, in which the journals 23 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can be pivoted. The actuating means 46, 53, or the drive means 44, are not represented in FIG. 8.

[0133] The rotatory drive of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 is provided by means of respectively individual drive motors 14, which are mechanically independent from the drive mechanisms of the respectively other cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 and are preferably arranged fixed in place on the frame. The latter has the advantage that the drive motors 10 need not be moved.

[0134] For compensating the pivot movement of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, the coupling 61, which compensates the angles and the offset, is arranged between the transfer cylinders and the drive motor 10, is embodied as a double joint 61 or, in an advantageous embodiment can be embodied as an all-metal coupling 61. The all-metal coupling simultaneously compensates the offset and the position change caused by this, wherein the rotatory movement is transmitted free of play.

[0135] Between the journal 51 and the drive motor 14, the drive mechanism of the forme cylinders 02, 11 also has the coupling 62, which absorbs at least an axial relative movement between the cylinders 02, 11 and the drive motor 14 and which, for also being able to absorb production tolerances and possibly required adjusting movements of the forme cylinders 02, 11 for adjusting purposes, can be embodied to compensate at least minute angles and offsets. In an advantageous embodiment it is also embodied as an all-metal coupling 62, which absorbs the axial movement by means of multi-disk packets, which are positively connected in the axial direction with the journal 51, or a shaft of the drive motor 14.

[0136] In a variation represented in FIGS. 17 and 18, a drive in pairs can also take place from the drive motor 14 (if required via further gear elements, not represented) via a pinion 59 to a drive wheel 61 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, for example if it is intended to achieve a special flow of moments.

[0137] In that case a rotating shaft R59 of the pinion 59 is arranged fixed on the frame in such a way that the straight line G1 determined by the rotating shaft R59 of the pinion 59 and the pivot axis S of the lever 18, together with a plane E18, determined by the pivot axis S of the lever 18 and the rotating shafts R03, R07 of the transfer cylinders 03, 07, defines an opening angle eta in the range between +20° to −20°.

[0138] In a further development, a straight line G2 determined by the rotating shafts R02, R11 of the forme cylinders 02, 11 and the rotating shaft R59 of the pinion 59, together with the straight line G1 determined by the rotating shaft R59 of the pinion 59 and the pivot axis S of the lever 18 defines an opening angle lambda in the range between 160° and 200°.

[0139] The above mentioned embodiments for driving, as well as for moving, the transfer cylinders 03, 07, as well as the embodiment of the lever 18, or of the linear guide device 26 can be applied in the same way to printing groups in which the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 do not all have the same circumference, or diameter (FIG. 19). For example, the forme cylinder(s) 02, 11 can have a circumference U which has one printed page, for example the longitudinal page of a newspaper (“single circumference” in what follows) in the circumferential direction. The cooperating transfer cylinders 03, 07 have, for example, a circumference or diameter, which corresponds to a whole number multiple (greater than 1) of that of the forme cylinders 02, 11, i.e. it has a circumference, for example, of two or even three printed pages of newspaper format (or is correspondingly matched to other formats).

[0140] If the printing position is constituted by a transfer cylinder 03, 07 and a counter-pressure cylinder 07, 03, embodied as a satellite cylinder 07, 03, the forme and the transfer cylinders 02, 11, 03, 07 can also have a single circumference, and the assigned counter-pressure cylinder 07, 03 can be designed larger by a multiple.

[0141] By means of the mentioned embodiments, an increased rigidity of the printing groups is also achieved in an advantageous manner. This has a particular advantage in connection with cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 which have a length which corresponds to at least four, or even six, vertical printed pages, in particular newspaper pages.

[0142] By means of the measures explained in the exemplary embodiments it is possible to construct, or to operate a printing group 01, 12 with long, slim cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, which have the above mentioned ratio of diameter to length of approximately 0.08 to 0.16, in a rugged and low-oscillation manner, while at the same time little outlay regarding space, operation and frame construction is required. This applies in particular to forme cylinders 02, 11 of “single circumference”, i.e. with one newspaper page at the circumference, but of double width, i.e. with four newspaper pages on the length of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0143] In the exemplary embodiments mentioned, at least one of the transfer cylinders 03, 07 can be advantageously brought out of contact sufficiently far so that the drawn-in web 08 can be moved through the printing position 09 without touching it during printing operations.

[0144] As described, in all exemplary embodiments the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 can be driven either in pairs or individually by respectively one drive motor 14 of their own. For special requirements, for example for only one-sided imprinter operations, or merely for the requirement of changing the relative angle of rotation position of the forme cylinders 02, 11 in respect to each other, a driving operation is also possible wherein one of the forme cylinders 02, 11 of a printing group 01, 12 has its own drive motor 14, and the remaining cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 of the printing group 01, 12 have a common drive motor 14. A configuration of four or five cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 with three drive motors 14 can also be advantageous, in the case of a double printing group 13, for example, respectively one drive motor 14 at the forme cylinders 02, 11 and a common one for the transfer cylinders 03, 07, in the case of a five-cylinder or satellite printing unit, for example, one for each pair of forme and transfer cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, and for the satellite cylinder its own drive motor 14.

[0145] As represented above by way of example in FIGS. 11 and 17, the four cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 are each rotatingly driven in pairs by a drive motor 14 either from the forme cylinders 02, 11 or from the transfer cylinders 03, 07, depending on the requirements. The drive wheels 30, each constituting a gear, between the forme cylinders 02, 11 and the respectively assigned transfer cylinders 03, 07 each constitute a driven connection together with the drive motor 14. The two pairs of drive wheels 30 are preferably arranged in such a way in relation to each other that they are out of engagement, which for example takes place by an axially offset arrangement, i.e. on two driving levels.

[0146] Here, the embodiment with spur toothing of each of the drive wheels 30, which work together between the forme and transfer cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, can be advantageous for making possible the relative axial movement of one of the two cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, however without changing the relative position in the circumferential direction. The latter also applies to a possibly arranged pinion between the drive motor 14 and the drive wheel of the forme cylinders 02, 11 if the pair is not driven coaxially from the forme cylinders 02, 11. To this end it is possible to embody a pair of members, which work together in the drive connection between the drive motor 14 and the forme cylinders 02, 11, with spur toothing and to be axially movable in relation to each other in order to assure the axial movement of the forme cylinders 01, 11 without their being twisted at the same time. The drive situations respectively represented in FIGS. 9 and 11 are to be alternatingly transferred to the two represented embodiments for providing the linear movement.

[0147] In all mentioned cases, in an advantageous embodiment the drive motors 14 are arranged fixed in place on the frame. However if, differing from this, a drive motor 14 driving the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 should be arranged fixed in place on a cylinder, in a variation it can be taken along on an appropriate (or the same) guide device or an appropriate lever, for example on an outside of the lateral frame 27 during the actuating movement and/or the adjustment of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11.

[0148] With the embodiment with a drive motor 14 fixed in place on the frame in particular, which drives the transfer cylinders 03, 07 (of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 driven individually or in pairs), it is advantageous to arrange the angle and offset compensating coupling 61 in the way as shown by way of example in FIGS. 9 and 16. As represented by way of example in FIGS. 9, 11 and 16, with coaxially driven forme cylinders 02, 11, the drive mechanism has the described coupling 62 between the journal 51 and the drive motor 14.

[0149] The drive motor 14 is advantageously embodied either as an electric motor, in particular an asynchronous motor, synchronous motor, or as a dc motor.

[0150] In an advantageous further development, a gear 63 is arranged between each one of the drive motors 14 and the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 to be driven. This gear 63 can be an attached gear 63 connected with the drive motor 14, for example a planetary gear 63. However, in another way it can also be embodied as a reduction gear 63, for example with a pinion or belt and a drive wheel.

[0151] The individual encapsulation of each gear 63 is advantageous, for example as an individually encapsulated attached gear 63. The lubricant chambers created in this way are spatially tightly limited and prevent the soiling of adjacent press elements and also contribute to an increase of the quality of the product. In the case where the bell 28 (FIG. 11) is used, the gears can be arranged between the forme and transfer cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 in the hollow chamber 29, and encapsulated against the outside as lubricant chambers.

[0152] However, regardless of the embodiment as individually driven or driven in pairs cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, it is advantageous to embody each of the drive units individually encapsulated, i.e. each with its own lubricant chamber. An above mentioned individual encapsulation extends, for example, around the paired drive mechanism of two cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11, or —in particular in the case of the above described bell 28—around both pairs. A bell 28 can also be embodied for a pair of two cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11. The latter is advantageous, for example, in connection with a modular construction.

[0153] In further development of the exemplary embodiments it is advantageous if the inking system 21 assigned to the respective forme cylinders 02, 11 and, if provided, the associated dampening unit 22, is rotationally driven by a drive motor which is independent of the drive mechanism of the printing group cylinders. In particular, the inking system 21 and the possibly provided dampening system 22 can each have their own drive motors. In the case of an anilox inking system 21, the screen roller, and in connection with a roller inking system 21, for example, the friction cylinder(s), can be rotationally driven individually or in groups. Also, the friction cylinder(s) of a dampening system 22 can be rotationally driven individually or in groups.

[0154] In contrast to printing presses with double circumference and single width, the embodiment of the cylinders 02, 03, 07, 11 with double width and—at least the forme cylinders 02, 11—with a “single circumference” makes a considerably greater product variability possible. Although the maximum number of possible printed pages remains the same, in the case of single-width printing groups 01, 12 with double circumference they are in two different “books”, or “booklets” in the collection operation. In the present case with double-width printing groups 01, 12 of single circumference, the (double-width) webs 08 are longitudinally cut after having been imprinted. In order to achieve a maximum booklet width, one or several partial webs are conducted one above the other in the so-called folding superstructure, or turning deck, and are folded to form a booklet on a former without collection operations. If such booklet thicknesses are not required, some partial webs can be guided on top of each other, but others can be conducted together to a second former and/or folding apparatus. However, two products of identical thickness can also be conducted to two folding apparatus without being transferred. A variable thickness of two different products is thus provided. If, in case of a double folding apparatus or of two folding apparatus at least two product delivery devices are provided, it is possible—depending on the arrangement—to conduct the two booklets, or products, next to or above each other to one side of the printing press, or to two different sides.

[0155] The double-width printing press of single circumference has a great variability in particular when staggering the possible page numbers of the product, the co-called “page jump”. While the thickness per booklet (layer) in the printing press of double circumference and single width can only be varied in steps of four printed pages during collection operations (i.e. with maximum product thickness), the described double-width printing press of single circumference allows a “page jump” of two pages (for example when printing newspapers). The product thickness, and in particular the “distribution” of the printed pages to different books of the total product or the products is considerably more flexible.

[0156] Thus, after the web 08 has been longitudinally cut, the partial web is conducted either to a former and/or folding apparatus, which is different in respect to the corresponding partial web, or is turned to be aligned with the last mentioned one. This means that in the second case the partial web is brought into the correct longitudinal, or cutting register prior to, during or after turning, but before being brought together with the “straight ahead webs”. In an advantageous embodiment, this is taken into account as a function of the circumferential direction of grooves 04, 06, which are offset in respect to each other, of a cylinder 02, 03, 07, 11 by the appropriate design of the turning deck (for example preset distances between the bars, or of the path sections). Fine adjustment, or correction, is performed by means of the actuating paths of the cutting register control device of the affected partial web and/or partial web strand, in order to place partial webs on two different running levels on top of each other with the correct registration, when required.

[0157] Now, the forme cylinders 02, 11 can be provided in the circumferential direction with one vertical printed page and in the longitudinal direction with at least four in broadsheet format (FIG. 20). Alternatively, these forme cylinders 02, 11 can also be selectively provided with two pages in the circumferential direction and, in the longitudinal direction with at least four horizontal printed pages in tabloid format (FIG. 21), or with two pages in the circumferential direction and, in the longitudinal direction with at least eight vertical printed pages in book format (FIG. 22), or with four pages in the circumferential direction and in the longitudinal direction with at least four horizontal printed pages in book format (FIG. 23) by means of respectively one flexible printing plate which can be arranged in the circumferential direction of the forme cylinder 03, and at least one arranged in its longitudinal direction.

[0158] Thus, depending on the placement on the forme cylinders 02, 11 with horizontal tabloid pages, or vertical newspaper pages, in particular broadsheet pages, with horizontal or vertical book pages, it is possible by means of the double-width printing press and at least the forme cylinders 02, 11 of single circumference to produce different products, depending on the width of the web 08 used.

[0159] Thus, with the double printing group 13 the production, in one stage, of two vertical printed pages arranged on the forme cylinder (“two page jump”) with variable products in broadsheet format, is possible.

[0160] With a width of the web 08 corresponding to four, or three, or two vertical printed pages, or of one printed page in broadsheet format, the production of a product in broadsheet format consisting of a layer in the above sequence with eight, or six, or four, or two printed pages is possible.

[0161] With a web width corresponding to four vertical printed pages in broadsheet format, the double printing group can be used for producing respectively two products in broadsheet format, consisting of one layer with four printed pages in the one product and four printed pages in the other product, or with two printed pages in the one product and six printed pages in the other product. With a web width corresponding to three vertical printed pages, it is suitable for producing respectively two products in broadsheet format consisting of one layer with four printed pages in the one product and two printed pages in the other product.

[0162] Furthermore, with a web width corresponding to four vertical printed pages in broadsheet format, the double printing group 13 can be used for the production of a product in broadsheet format consisting of two layers with four printed pages in the one layer and four printed pages in the other layer, or two printed pages in the one layer and six printed pages in the other layer. With a web width corresponding to three vertical printed pages, it can be used for producing a product in broadsheet format consisting of two layers with four printed papers in the one layer and two printed pages in the other layer.

[0163] In the case of printed pages in tabloid format, the double printing group can be used for producing in one stage printed pages arranged horizontally on the forme cylinder 02, 11 with variable products (“four page jump”) in tabloid format. Accordingly, with a web width corresponding to four, or three, or two horizontal printed pages, or to one horizontal page, the double printing group 13 can be used for producing a product in tabloid form consisting of one layer in the above sequence with sixteen, or twelve, or eight, or four printed pages.

[0164] With a web width corresponding to four horizontal printed pages in tabloid form, the double printing group can be used for producing two products in tabloid format each consisting of one layer with eight printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product, or with four printed pages in the one product and twelve printed pages in the other product. With a web width corresponding to three horizontal printed pages, it can be used for producing two products in tabloid format, each consisting of one layer with four printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product.

[0165] With products in book format, the double printing group 13 can be used for producing in one stage eight printed pages with variable (“eight page jump”) products arranged vertically on the printing cylinders 02, 11.

[0166] With a web width corresponding to eight, or six, or four, or two vertical printed pages, the production of a product in book format consisting of a layer in the above sequence with thirty-two, or twenty-four, or sixteen, or eight printed pages, is possible.

[0167] With a web width corresponding to eight vertical printed pages in book format, the double printing group 13 can be used for producing respectively two products in book format, each consisting of one layer, with sixteen printed pages in the one product and sixteen printed pages in the other product, or twenty-four printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product. With a web width corresponding to six vertical printed pages in book format, it can be used for producing respectively two products in book format, each consisting of one layer, with sixteen printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product.

[0168] The double printing group 13 is furthermore usable for producing, in one stage, eight printed pages arranged vertically with variable products (“eight page jump”) on the forme cylinder 03 (double transverse fold).

[0169] With a web width corresponding to four, or three, or two horizontal printed products, or one horizontal printed page in book format, the double printing group 13 can be used for producing a product in book format consisting of a layer in the above sequence with thirty-two, or twenty-four, or sixteen, or eight printed pages.

[0170] With a web width corresponding to four horizontal printed pages in book format, the double printing group can be used for producing respectively two products in book format, each consisting of a layer, with sixteen printed pages in the one product and sixteen printed pages in the other product, or twenty-four printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product. With a web width corresponding to three horizontal printed pages in book format, it can be used for producing respectively two products in book format, each consisting of a layer, with sixteen printed pages in the one product and eight printed pages in the other product.

[0171] If the two partial web strands are longitudinally folded on different formers and thereafter conducted to a common folding apparatus, what was said above should be applied to the distribution of the products to different folded booklets, or layers, of the described variable number of pages.

[0172] List of Reference Symbols

[0173] 01 Printing group

[0174] 02 Cylinder, forme cylinder

[0175] 03 Cylinder, transfer cylinder

[0176] 04 Interruption, groove, slit

[0177] 05 -

[0178] 06 Interruption, groove, slit

[0179] 07 Cylinder, transfer cylinder, counter-pressure cylinder, satellite cylinder

[0180] 08 Web, web of material to be imprinted

[0181] 09 Printing position

[0182] 10 -

[0183] 11 Cylinder, forme cylinder

[0184] 12 Printing group

[0185] 13 Printing group, double printing group

[0186] 14 -

[0187] 15 -

[0188] 16 Actuating path, linear

[0189] 17 Actuating path, curved

[0190] 18 Lever

[0191] 19 Printing unit, H-printing unit

[0192] 20 -

[0193] 21 Inking system, anilox printing system, roller printing system

[0194] 22 Dampening system

[0195] 23 Journal

[0196] 24 Bearing housing, carriage

[0197] 25 -

[0198] 26 Linear guide device

[0199] 27 Lateral frame

[0200] 28 Insert, bell

[0201] 29 Hollow chamber

[0202] 30 -

[0203] 31 Cover

[0204] 32 Drive mechanism, linear, threaded bearing

[0205] 33 Support wall

[0206] 34 Bearing, linear bearing, rolling bearing cage

[0207] 35 -

[0208] 36 Support

[0209] 37 Connector

[0210] 38 Lever, three-armed

[0211] 39 Actuating drive, cylinder

[0212] 40 -

[0213] 41 Stop

[0214] 42 Spring packet, plate spring packet

[0215] 43 Pivot, shaft, synchronous shaft

[0216] 44 Drive means, pressure medium cylinder

[0217] 45 -

[0218] 46 Actuating means, connector, toggle lever mechanism

[0219] 47 Shaft, synchronous shaft

[0220] 48 Stop

[0221] 49 Bore

[0222] 50 -

[0223] 51 Journal (02, 11)

[0224] 52 Eccentric bearing, bearing bushing, eccentric

[0225] 53 Actuating means

[0226] 54 Bearing, rolling bearing

[0227] 55 -

[0228] 56 Bearing

[0229] 57 Eccentric bearing, bearing bushing, eccentric

[0230] 58 Recess

[0231] 59 Pinion

[0232] 60 -

[0233] 61 Drive wheel

[0234] E Plane

[0235] D Plane

[0236] V Connecting plane.

[0237] E18 Plane

[0238] G1 Straight line

[0239] G2 Straight line

[0240] H Horizontal line

[0241] M Drive motor

[0242] S Pivot axis

[0243] S23 Pivot axis

[0244] S51 Pivot axis

[0245] AB Print-off position

[0246] AN Print-on position

[0247] a Longitudinal section

[0248] D02 Diameter

[0249] D03 Diameter

[0250] L02 Length (02)

[0251] L03 Length (03)

[0252] R02 Rotating shaft

[0253] R03 Rotating shaft

[0254] R07 Rotating shaft

[0255] R11 Rotating shaft

[0256] R5a Rotating shaft

[0257] I Side

[0258] II Side

[0259] alpha Angle (E, 08)

[0260] beta Angle, obtuse (E, 08)

[0261] gamma Angle (16, 08)

[0262] delta Angle (E, 16)

[0263] phi Angle (D, 16)

[0264] eta Angle (E18, G1)

[0265] lambda Angle

[0266] epsilon-S Angle

[0267] epsilon-S23 Angle

[0268] epsilon-S51 Angle

Claims

1. An arrangement of cylinders of a printing press with at least two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11), characterized in that a journal (23, 51) at the front face of the at least two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) is seated in or on a common insert (28), which itself is arranged releasably in or on a lateral frame.

2. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the insert (28) has an area which projects out of the alignment of the lateral frame (27) in the direction toward the cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11).

3. The arrangement in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the journals (23, 51) are seated in the area of this portion of the insert (28) located outside of the alignment.

4. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) are embodied as a pair of forme cylinders (02, 11) and of transfer cylinders (03, 07) of a printing group (01, 02).

5. The arrangement in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (03, 07) can be selectively brought into a print-on and a print-off position (AN, AB).

6. The arrangement in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that the two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) can be rotatorily driven, mechanically independently from another printing group (01, 02), by means of at least one drive motor (14).

7. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a drive connection between the at least two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) is arranged in a hollow chamber (29) of the insert (28).

8. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a journal (23, 51) at the front face of each of four cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) constituting a double printing group (13) is seated in or on the common insert (28).

9. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the journals (23, 51) are arranged in a hollow chamber (29) of the insert (28), which can be encapsulated as a closed lubricant chamber.

10. The arrangement in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that drive connections between cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) embodied as transfer cylinders and associated forme cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) are each arranged in pairs in a common hollow chamber (29) of the insert (28) wherein, however, the two pairs are embodied without a mechanical drive connection with each other, and each can be driven in pairs mechanically independent of each other by its own drive motor (14).

11. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the drive motor (14) is arranged fixed in place on the frame.

12. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (03, 07) of the pair acts together with a satellite cylinder (07) of a nine-cylinder printing unit having a total of four pairs.

13. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (03, 07) of the pair acts together with a satellite cylinder (07) of a ten-cylinder printing unit having a total of four pairs and two satellite cylinders (07).

14. The arrangement in accordance with claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one of the transfer cylinders (03, 07) and the associated satellite cylinder (07) are seated in or on a common insert (28).

15. The arrangement in accordance with claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one satellite cylinder (07), as well as two associated pairs, are seated in or on a common insert (28).

16. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) are components of a double printing group.

17. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the two cylinders (02, 03, 07, 11) are driven, mechanically independent of each other, each by a drive motor (14).

18. The arrangement in accordance with claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the satellite cylinder (07) has a drive motor (14) which is independent of the pair.

19. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (03, 07) can be moved along a linear actuating path (16).

20. The arrangement in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinder (03, 07) can be moved along a curved actuating path (17).