Patent Application
20050050929
The present invention relates to a device and a method, in particular for transmitting a movement as well as corresponding forces or moments and in particular a rotational movement to a lock, wherein the transmission takes place only in a coupled state but not in a decoupled state.
Devices and methods of this kind are used, in particular, in the field of lock devices such as door or safe locks and the like.
DE-C-37 42 189 discloses a lock cylinder, the coupling of which is connected to the locking bit and can be brought into engagement on one side with a bossed shaft. In order to configure such a lock cylinder in a more simple manner and to achieve better protection against unauthorized use of the lock cylinder, it is proposed that the bossed shaft be enclosed by a locking sleeve which can be displaced axially by the coupling and secured in certain positions.
EP-A-1 072 741 discloses a lock cylinder, in particular an electronic lock cylinder with electromechanical rotational blocking in which the electronic key has opposing electrical terminals on the shaft and the rotatable core of the lock cylinder has an external annular track that is electrically conducting and with its inner face communicates with an electrical contact supported on the terminal whereas the external annular track is supported in the electrical brushes of the external and internal rotors.
EP-A-0 743 411 discloses a lock device in which the key of the lock device comprises a code transmitter formed by a transponder. An actuator, a transponder reading device and a power supply device are arranged in the cylinder housing of the lock cylinder of the lock means. The actuator serves for displacing a locking means which locks or releases the cylinder core and which engages at the circumference of the cylinder core.
EP-A-1 079 050 discloses a lock means comprising a lock bit being blockable by a locking mechanism, wherein a coupling is arranged between the blocking mechanism and the lock bit. The coupling can be separated from only one side of the lock means. The lock means should thus be unlockable from this side without any access authorization for the locking mechanism.
EP-B-0 805 905 discloses a closing mechanism for a door comprising a spindle, an actuating means turning the spindle, a locking element in functional connection with the spindle to lock the door, and a coupling element fitted in the actuating means and acting on the rotation of the spindle. The coupling element moreover has a pin which moves to and fro axially to the spindle and which can be moved to and fro via a spindle by means of a locking element arranged independent of the actuating means via an electric motor drivable by means of an electronic control, in order either to transmit the rotation of the freely rotatable actuating means to the spindle or, in the case of an actuating means being rigidly connected with the shaft, to allow only a slight rotation of the actuating means connected with the shaft. Moreover, a cam is formed on the pin and a spiral spring is clamped as a force storage means between the cam and the spindle of the electric motor, and on the front surface of the actuating means a contact disk is provided via which the electronic control from an electronic information carrier can be controlled via data exchange.
Known devices and methods of this kind prove to be disadvantageous in that relatively much energy is demanded for shifting the coupling or lock element, that forces acting on the coupling element in the coupled and decoupled states cause a load of the lock element and/or that a load of the coupling element or lock element is transmitted to the drive or actuator. In addition to the above-mentioned relatively great energy demand for shifting the coupling, this can result in an increased wear and a reduced functional safety and/or manipulation safety, in particular due to an unreliable leaving of the coupled state in the unloaded state.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. Further and/or additional objects of the invention include the provision of a device for transmitting a movement and corresponding forces or moments, which can be shifted thereby demanding very little energy, can be shifted by means of a bistable actuator, assures a safe decoupling with a bistable actuator and/or exhibits a high manipulation safety. This/these object(s) is/are achieved with the features of the claims.
In achieving this/these object(s), the invention starts out from the basic idea of providing a device for transmitting a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments, wherein the device comprises a driving mechanism or drive and a take-off mechanism or take-off, wherein the drive and take-off are connected via at least one coupling element in such a manner that at least one coupling element moves in any way upon a relative movement between the drive and the take-off, wherein, however, it cannot transmit the movement of the drive to the take-off because the latter's mechanical potential or the latter's resistance to a specific movement or a specific course of movement or part of movement cannot be overcome. In particular, the drive and take-off are coupled via the at least one coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state a movement of the drive causes a movement of at least one coupling element which cannot transmit a movement of the drive to the take-off.
In the coupled state, the coupling is preferably made in that the coupling element is prevented from the movement caused by the relative movement between drive and take-off. Preferably, the drive and take-off are coupled via the coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state, a rotational movement of the drive causes an essentially axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element and that a rotational movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element. In this regard, an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element preferably essentially does not cause a movement of the take-off, wherein a rotational movement of the coupling element preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off. According to a further or additional embodiment, the drive and take-off are coupled via the coupling element preferably in such a manner that in the decoupled state a rotational movement of the drive essentially causes a rotational as well as an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element and that a rotational movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element. Here, a rotational as well as an axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element preferably essentially do not cause a movement of the take-off, wherein a rotational movement, preferably an essentially only rotational movement of the coupling element preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off. According to a further embodiment, the drive and take-off are essentially moved linearly and are preferably coupled via the coupling element in such a manner that in the decoupled state a movement of the drive causes a movement component or a movement of the coupling element being essentially orthogonal with respect thereto and that a movement of the drive in the coupled state essentially causes a movement of the coupling element in the same direction.
A device according to the invention furthermore preferably comprises a coupling means which can cause a coupling and decoupling of the drive and take-off via the at least one coupling element. According to a preferred embodiment, in the decoupled state the coupling means is essentially not engaged with the coupling element(s). Moreover, in the coupled state the coupling means preferably limits the movability, in particular the axial and/or radial movability of the coupling element or the movability of the coupling element being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive and take-off. In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element comprises at least one coupling locking device for limiting the axial and/or radial movability of the coupling element or the movability of the coupling element being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive and take-off in the coupled state, at least one actuator for positioning the coupling locking device and/or at least one storage device or resistor for positioning the coupling locking device and/or for storing position information of the coupling locking device. In case of a rotational movement, a movement being orthogonal with respect to this movement means a movement being axial and/or radial with respect to this rotational movement.
The coupling means is preferably configured such that the actuator is suitable for causing a movement or positioning of at least one coupling locking device, for example a coupling locking element, against a resistance of a storage device or resistor, for example via a mechanical potential such as a spring or magnetic force, into a position being suitable with respect to the coupling. In a preferred embodiment, the actuator can be operated mechanically and/or electrically. The actuator is preferably driven by a battery. In a further preferred embodiment, the actuator is pulse-controlled and/or bistable.
In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element and the coupling means are configured such that the coupling can only disengage if a force between drive and take-off falls below a specific minimum value and if the actuator is in a rest position or a position corresponding to the decoupled state.
According to a preferred embodiment, the drive/take-off communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. This guide means is preferably configured such that a relative rotation between the coupling element and the drive/take-off preferably causes an essentially axial and/or radial movement of the coupling element with respect to the drive/take-off.
The drive/take-off thus communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. Moreover, the coupling element preferably communicates with the drive/take-off via at least one second guide means. The second guide means is preferably configured parallel with respect to an axial and/or radial direction of movement of the coupling element or a longitudinal axis of the device, or essentially causes a correspondingly parallel guidance. The at least one second guide means of the coupling element is preferably configured such that a torque on the coupling element exerts a torque on the take-off/drive but not an axial force.
According to a further preferred embodiment in which the drive and take-off are moved essentially linearly, the drive/take-off communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. This guide means is preferably configured such that a relative linear movement between the coupling element and the drive/take-off preferably causes a movement component of the coupling element being orthogonal thereto.
The drive/take-off thus communicates with at least one coupling element via at least one first guide means. Moreover, the coupling element preferably communicates with the take-off/drive via at least one second guide means. The second guide means is preferably configured such that a force in the linear movement direction to the coupling element essentially exerts a force in the same direction to the take-off/drive, but essentially no force being orthogonal thereto.
The take-off has preferably a first resistance or first mechanical potential which has to be overcome so that the take-off can rotate. According to a preferred embodiment, this is caused by at least one resistor or potential arrangement which, via a third guide means and upon a movement of the take-off, sets a resistance or a potential at least in parts of the course of movement against this movement. According to a preferred embodiment, the resistor or potential arrangement is configured as a spring arrangement which is at least partially loaded upon a movement of the take-off at least in parts of the course of movement.
A movement of the drive causes at least in parts of the course of movement a displacement of the coupling element in orthogonal directions thereto if the mechanical potential which has to be overcome on the take-off is greater than that required for displacing the coupling element. This means that upon a rotation of the drive, the coupling element is moved to and fro but cannot cause a movement of the take-off because it cannot overcome the mechanical potential of the take-off.
Preferably, at least one coupling locking device or coupling locking element can be moved via an actuator (e.g. an electric motor) such into the engagement region of the coupling element that said coupling element is prevented from an axial and/or radial movement or from a movement being orthogonal with respect to the movement of the drive/take-off. The mechanical interaction between coupling element and coupling locking element is preferably realized such that the coupling element is not prevented from transmitting the usable movement.
Via the second guide arrangement, the movement of the coupling element is transmitted to the take-off, wherein the potential, e.g. the effect of the potential spring, can be overcome.
Moreover, the device preferably comprises a further, second resistance or further, second mechanical potential which has to be overcome at least in parts of a relative course of movement between drive and take-off. This mechanical potential is smaller than the first mechanical potential which has to be overcome for moving the take-off. This mechanical potential preferably also leads to the fact that, when the torque exerted on the drive falls below a specific value, the coupling means take(s) a position which essentially allows a forceless movement of the coupling locking device or coupling locking element into and out of the engagement region.
In particular, the cooperation of the coupling locking elements and coupling elements can be realized such that the force applied by the coupling element causes a movement tendency towards a stronger and more reliable engagement, i.e. if there is only a partial engagement at the beginning of the force application, a more reliable position is finally reached in any case.
According to a preferred embodiment, the movement of the coupling element is pulse-controlled; this is particularly preferred in case a battery drive is used. In this case, the drive or take-off is preferably moved in the corresponding positions via corresponding spring mechanisms in the quiescent condition. The actuator and coupling locking device or coupling locking element are preferably coupled via a spring element so that, for example, a once given electrical pulse to the actuator is mechanically intermediately controlled until the coupling element is in a suitable position. This applies both to coupling and/or decoupling. It is thus particularly assured that the desired condition is achieved independent of the mechanical status.
According to preferred embodiments, the coupling means is resistant to manipulation. The coupling means is preferably shock or impact resistant. This can preferably be achieved in that the essential movement directions of the coupling means are essentially orthogonal with respect to the expected shock directions. A further preferred embodiment provides for counter moments which compensate the forces caused by the shock.
In accordance with a method according to the invention, in particular for transmitting a movement and corresponding forces and moments by means of a coupling, the realization and/or arrangement of corresponding elements and/or their movements, as described in connection with a discussion of the devices according to the invention, as well as the transmission or coupling of a movement and corresponding forces and movements takes place by means of a device according to the invention.
The application in lock devices or lock mechanisms, in particular electrical and/or transponder-controlled lock devices is advantageous. In particular, an electronic position detection of the coupling locking element is possible, and the actuator can be controlled on the basis thereof.
In the following, a device according to the invention and a method according to the invention are described in more detail on the basis of a preferred embodiment and with reference to the drawings in which
a is a side view of the device according to the invention without a force being applied to the drive and take-off;
b is the device according to the invention in the decoupled state during rotation of the drive;
c is the device according to the invention in the coupled state during rotation of the drive; and
For this purpose, the coupling element 4 preferably comprises at least a part of a first and/or second guide means, i.e. at least one first slide surface 5 and at least one second slide surface 6 which respectively communicate with at least a part of the first guide means arranged at the drive 2, i.e. at least one first slide element 7, and at least a part of the second guide means arranged at the take-off 3, i.e. at least one second slide element 8. The slide surfaces 5 and 6 and the guide elements 7 and 8 are preferably configured and/or arranged such that in the decoupled state a rotational movement of the drive 2 causes an essentially axial movement of the coupling element 4, wherein the axial movement of the coupling element 4 essentially does not cause a movement of the take-off 3. Moreover, a rotational movement of the drive 2 in the coupled state preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the coupling element 4, which in turn preferably essentially causes a rotational movement of the take-off 3.
For this purpose, the at least one first slide surface 5 is preferably inclined with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4. In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one first slide surface 5 is inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis of the device 1. Moreover, the at least one first slide surface 5 has preferably at least partially one or more radius(es). In a preferred embodiment according to the representation in
The at least one first slide element 7 is preferably arranged at the drive 2 in such a manner that when it is rotated, it essentially moves on a plane being approximately perpendicular with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 or a longitudinal axis of the device. In this regard, it preferably contacts at least one first slide surface 5 of the coupling element 4 and/or slides along it.
The at least one second slide surface 6 being arranged at the coupling element 4 for contacting the at least one second slide element 8 arranged at the take-off 3 is preferably essentially configured parallel with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 or with respect to a longitudinal axis of the device 1. The at least one second slide element 8 is preferably arranged such that when the coupling element 4 or the take-off 3 is rotated, it is moved essentially on a plane being perpendicular with respect to an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4, a rotational axis of the take-off 3 and/or a longitudinal axis of the device 1, wherein it contacts at least one second slide surface 6 and/or slides along it.
In a preferred embodiment, the at least one second slide surface 6 is formed by a recess in the coupling element 4, particularly preferably by an essentially rectangular recess, as shown in
In a preferred embodiment, the slide surfaces and slide elements and their arrangements consisting of drive, take-off and coupling element are interchanged.
The shown embodiment moreover comprises a coupling spring 9 being arranged between the coupling element 4 and the take-off 3, wherein it pre-stresses the coupling element 4 with respect to the drive 2 and/or take-off 3. The coupling spring 9 preferably presses the coupling element 4 or at least one first slide surface 5 against at least one first slide element 7.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the take-off 3 comprises at least a part of a third guide means with at least one third slide surface 10. The at least one third slide surface 10 is preferably inclined or sloped with respect to a rotational axis of the take-off 3, an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 and/or a longitudinal axis of the device 1. According to further or additional preferred embodiments of the at least one third slide surface 10, it is referred to the discussion of the at least one first slide surface 5.
The device 1 furthermore preferably comprises at least a part of a third guide means, namely at least one third slide element 11 for contacting the at least one third slide surface 10 arranged at the take-off 3. The at least one third slide element 11 is preferably arranged on a guide 12, wherein at least a third slide element 11 is preferably arranged in a guide groove 13 formed in the guide 12. According to a preferred embodiment, the guide 12 or guide groove 13 prevents a displacement of the at least one third slide element 11 along a plane being approximately perpendicular with respect to the rotational axis of the take-off 3, the axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 and/or the longitudinal axis of the device 1. Particularly preferably, the guide 12 or guide groove 13 guarantees only a displacement of the at least one third slide element 11 along a rotational axis of the take-off 3, an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 and/or a longitudinal axis of the device 1. Moreover, the device 1 comprises a potential spring 14 being arranged on the guide 12 and causing a pre-stressing of the at least one third slide element 11 with respect to the take-off 3. According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in
According to further preferred embodiments, the guide 12, potential spring 14 and third slide surface(s) 10 are preferably arranged essentially perpendicular with respect to a rotational axis of the take-off 3, an axial movement direction of the coupling element 4 and/or a longitudinal axis of the device 1. Thus, it is possible to reduce the axial length of the device thereby achieving the same effect.
Moreover, the device preferably comprises a coupling means or coupling mechanism 15, which, in a preferred embodiment according to the representation in
The coupling means 15 is preferably configured or arranged such that the coupling locking element 17 can essentially take two positions, wherein one position causes a decoupled state of the device 1 (
The coupling means 15 is preferably configured such that in the decoupled state the coupling locking device or coupling locking element 17 is not engaged with the coupling element 4 and wherein in the coupled state the coupling means 15 or coupling locking element 17 is arranged such with respect to the coupling element 4 that the movement of the coupling element 4 is limited. According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling element 4 comprises at least one coupling portion 19 which is preferably configured as a projection and particularly preferably as a peripheral projection. For generating a coupled state, the actuator 16 positions the coupling locking element 17 such with respect to the coupling element 4 that it essentially limits or prevents an axial movement of the coupling element 4. Particularly preferably, the coupling means 15 or coupling locking element 17 prevents an axial movement of the coupling element 4 by means of an engagement with at least one coupling portion 19.
The coupling means 15 is preferably configured such that the actuator 16 positions the coupling locking element 17 against the coupling locking spring 18 in the position being suitable for the coupling. Here, the coupling means 15 is preferably configured such that without the influence of energy, i.e. in particular without an action of the actuator 16, the device 1 is in the decoupled state. Preferably, in the otherwise unloaded state, the coupling locking spring 18 causes a positioning of the coupling locking element 17 in the decoupled state. By actuating the actuator, the coupling locking element can be brought, against the spring force of the coupling locking spring 18, in the position being suitable for coupling. For this purpose, the coupling locking element 17 is preferably moved in the engagement area of the coupling element 4 or a coupling portion 19. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in
For a further description of the effects of the coupled and decoupled states of the device, it is particularly referred to
If the device is coupled, i.e. the coupling locking element 17 is moved via the eccentric 20 of the actuator 16 against the force of the coupling locking spring 18 into the engagement area of the coupling element 4, it prevents an axial movement of the coupling element 4 due to an engagement with the coupling element 4 or with the coupling portion 19. If the drive 2 is rotated, the coupling locking element 17 prevents the coupling element 4 from an axial displacement but not from a rotation, so that the rotation of the drive 2 via at least one first slide element 7 and at least one inclined slide surface 5 is transmitted or changed into a rotational movement of the coupling element 4. The prevention of an axial movement of the coupling element 4 thus essentially prevents a sliding of the slide element 7 along a slide surface 5, so that the rotational movement of the drive 2 is transmitted to the coupling element 4 (
In a preferred embodiment, the coupling locking element 17 and/or the coupling element 4 or coupling portion 19 is configured such that forces of the coupling element 4 acting on the coupling locking element 17 cause a relief of the actuator. Here, the contact surfaces of the coupling locking element 17 and coupling element 4 or coupling portion 19 are preferably inclined such that an axial force of the coupling element 4 acting on the coupling locking element 17 causes a movement tendency of the coupling locking element towards a stronger and more reliable engagement, so that at the beginning of the force application there is only a partial engagement, but then in any case an essentially reliable position is reached and moreover it is assured that the coupling locking element 17 is locked in the coupled state and its return to the decoupled state is prevented as long as the torque, which is transmitted from the drive to the take-off, does not fall below a predetermined value. In further preferred embodiments, the contact surfaces of the coupling locking element 17 and the coupling element 4 or coupling portion 19 have further configurations differing from the shown surface geometries, wherein, however, they fulfill the functions described above.
After rotation of the drive 2 and displacement of the coupling element 4, the coupling spring 9 and/or potential spring 14 preferably cause a return of the individual elements, i.e. drive 2, coupling element 4 and/or take-off 3 into the starting positions (cf.
In preferred embodiments, the first, second and third slide elements 7, 8 and 11, as well as the first, second and third slide surfaces 5, 6 and 10 are arranged outside the rotational axis of the device 1. According to a further or additional preferred embodiment, the drive 2, coupling element 4, take-off 3 and/or guide 12 are essentially symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator 16 is driven by a battery and, according to a further or additional preferred embodiment, pulse controlled. According to a further embodiment, the actuator is configured in a manner different from that described but suitable for fulfilling the described functions.
It can be taken from the embodiments described above that the devices according to the invention are preferably resistant to manipulation. A further resistance to manipulation is, for example and preferably achieved in that the coupling locking element 17 is supported in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the device and arranged perpendicularly as well as in that the actuator 16 is arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device. In case of an impact or shock in the longitudinal direction of the device, for example if the device is used as a lock device in case of an impact against the latter, due to such an arrangement there is no or only a slight force acting on the actuator 16 which would be suitable to displace the actuator, as well as there is no or only a slight force acting in the coupling or decoupling direction of the coupling locking element 17.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the device and method are realized such that an axial and/or radial movement of the drive via a corresponding arrangement of the individual elements causes an axial and/or radial movement of the take-off, wherein the movement of the drive to the take-off can be correspondingly coupled by means of at least one coupling element. Further preferred embodiments can be achieved by combining different preferred embodiments. Moreover, a plurality of devices can be connected with each other, for example, they can be arranged in line, or they can have one or several drives, take-offs, coupling elements, guide devices, coupling means, etc. which are connected or communicate with each other.
In further preferred embodiments, translatory instead of rotational movements are accordingly coupled.
In accordance with a method according to the invention, a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments are transmitted in accordance with the described functioning of a device according to the invention, and in a further preferred method by the use of a device according to the invention.
According to further preferred embodiments, the different described preferred embodiments can be combined any way and can be interchanged, wherein, for the sake of clarity, not all alternative embodiments are discussed herein.
The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable for being used in the field of lock devices and lock mechanisms. The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention particularly allow the coupling of a drive and take-off thereby demanding very little energy, wherein particularly a safe decoupling with an essentially unloaded drive is guaranteed. Moreover, the coupling can be shifted by means of a bistable actuator and allows a safe decoupling with a bistable actuator. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention allow a decoupling only in case a force or moment, which is present between the drive and take-off, falls below a predetermined value. Here, the coupling process can preferably be controlled in an almost forceless manner. Moreover, in the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention, forces applied by the coupling element to the coupling mechanism preferably cause a relief of the actuator, so that independent of the mechanical status between drive and take-off, a safe return of the actuator into the decoupled state becomes possible. Thus, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention cause a simple, functionally reliable and manipulation-resistant transmission of a movement as well as corresponding forces and moments by means of a coupling. A further or additional advantage of the present invention resides in an improved manageability and an improved rotational feeling, in particular because of the provision of a comparable lock force or a force counteracting the lock force in the decoupled as well as the coupled states.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10320873.9 | Sep 2003 | DE | national |
