The present disclosure is related to the field of pumps in general and, in particular, pumps used in pumping drilling mud or “mud pumps”.
It is known to use pumps to provide drilling mud under pressure in the drilling of wells. Pressurized drilling mud is delivered down a hollow drill string as the well is being drilled to carry away cuttings up the annulus surrounding the drill string to ground level. Such drilling operations are well known to those skilled in the art.
Prior art pumps can use a motor to turn a crankshaft or “pump shaft” to convert rotary motion to a reciprocating motion. The pump shaft moves a connecting rod coupled to a crosshead that moves within a fixed crosshead slide to provide this conversion. The crosshead is coupled to a “pony rod” that, in turn, is coupled to a piston rod that provides the pumping motion in a pump module, as well known to those skilled in the art.
The above-mentioned mechanical arrangement can be multiplied so that a multitude or plurality of pump modules can be operated from a single pump shaft. The outputs of each pump module can be coupled to a common manifold from which pressurized drilling mud can be provided to the drill string. By coupling the pump module outputs to a common manifold, the pulsing of the pressure of the drilling mud can be reduced or smoothed out, this being a problem well known to those skilled in the art. The disadvantage of this mechanical arrangement is the size and complexity of the components involved to provide a multi-module pump.
It is also known in the oil and gas industry to drill horizontal wells. These are wells that are initially drilled vertically and, with the use of directional drilling equipment as well known to those skilled in the art, the direction of drilled well becomes horizontal or parallel with the ground surface. It is known to drill horizontal wells 5000 to 7500 feet in length or more. To do so requires the use of “mud motors”, motors that are powered by the delivery of highly pressurized drilling mud pumped through the drill string so as to enable the turning of the drill bit. It is also known that to drill such wells, drilling operators will use at least two or more conventional mud pumps powered by 1000 horsepower or more motors. Each mud pump is housed in its own pump house and occupies space at the drilling site. As each additional pump house increases the number of structures at a drilling site, the number of truckloads required to deliver the necessary equipment to a drilling site also increases. All this additional equipment and number of truckloads to deliver the equipment add cost to the drilling of the well.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide a pump that can convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion without having to use connecting rods, crossheads, crosshead slides and pony rods to reduce its size, complexity and cost to manufacture. It is also desirable to provide a mud pump that is compact in size but can deliver pressurized mud at a volume equivalent to two or more conventional mud pumps.
A pump is provided that comprises a pump shaft having at least one eccentric lobe that is substantially circular. A motor is used to provide the rotational power to the pump shaft. In one embodiment, the motor can be coupled directly to the pump shaft. In another embodiment, a transmission can be used between the motor and the pump shaft to reduce the angular speed of the rotational power provided to the pump shaft. In a representative embodiment, a one or two-stage gear transmission can be used. In a further embodiment, the motor can be a 3-phase AC motor controlled by a variable frequency drive mechanism to control the speed of the motor.
In one embodiment of the pump, the eccentric lobe can be rotatably disposed within a connecting rod having a substantially circular opening to receive the lobe at one end with the other end rotatably pinned to a slide configured to move in a horizontal and linear manner. In one embodiment, the slide can be slidably disposed within a pair of slide support plates that constrains the slide to move in a linearly and horizontal or side-to-side manner. In one embodiment, slide-bearing mechanisms can be disposed between the slide and the support plates so that the slide can move side-to-side with minimal friction. In a representative embodiment, the slide-bearing mechanism can further comprise means for adjusting a loading force on the slide-bearing mechanism against the slide so that the slide is further constrained to horizontal and linear movement.
As the lobe rotates within the connecting rod opening, the connecting rod slide can move up and down thereby moving the slide linearly and horizontally between the slide support plates. As the slide frame moves side to side, it can move a piston rod in and out to operate a pump module. By virtue of this configuration, the slide can have a piston rod operatively coupled to one or both opposing sides of the slide. Therefore, a single slide can operate one or two pump modules at the same time. In a further embodiment, the pump shaft can comprise a plurality of eccentric lobes thereby allowing a plurality of slides to be operated by the lobes and, hence, a plurality of pump modules to be operated from a single rotating pump shaft.
Broadly stated, in some embodiments, a mud pump is provided, comprising: a frame; at least one pump module disposed on the frame, the at least one pump module comprising an inlet port and an outlet port; a pump shaft rotatably disposed in the frame for receiving rotational power from a motor, the pump shaft having at least one substantially circular eccentric lobe disposed thereon, the centre of the at least one eccentric lobe displaced or offset from the longitudinal axis of the pump shaft; at least one slide disposed in the frame, the at least one slide operatively configured to move linearly side-to-side within the frame; at least one piston rod assembly operatively coupling the at least one slide to the at least one pump module; and a connecting rod comprising first and second ends operating coupling the pump shaft to the at least one slide, the first end rotatably disposed on the at least one eccentric lobe, the second end rotatably pinned to the at least one slide whereby rotation of the pump shaft causes the slide to move side-to-side that, in turn, causes the at least one piston rod assembly to operate the at least one pump module.
Broadly stated, in some embodiments, a mud pump is provided, comprising: a platform; a lattice frame disposed on the platform; at least one pump module disposed on the frame, the at least one pump module comprising an inlet port and an outlet port; a pump shaft rotatably disposed in the frame for receiving rotational power from a motor, the pump shaft having at least one substantially circular eccentric lobe disposed thereon, the centre of the at least one eccentric lobe displaced or offset from the longitudinal axis of the pump shaft; a motor operatively coupled to the pump shaft, the motor disposed on the platform; at least one slide disposed in the frame, the at least one slide operatively configured to move linearly side-to-side within the frame; at least one piston rod assembly operatively coupling the at least one slide to the at least one pump module; and a connecting rod comprising first and second ends operating coupling the pump shaft to the at least one slide, the first end rotatably disposed on the at least one eccentric lobe, the second end rotatably pinned to the at least one slide whereby rotation of the pump shaft causes the slide to move side-to-side that, in turn, causes the at least one piston rod assembly to operate the at least one pump module.
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For the purposes of this specification, and as shown specifically in the figures, each pump module 24 can comprise inlet port 25, outlet port 35, top access port 37 and side access port 36. Pump module 24, as illustrated, can be any suitable pump module that is readily available to the mud pump industry and is well known to those skilled in the art. As shown in
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In one embodiment, mud pump 10 can comprise transmission 22 to couple shaft 12 to the operating components of mud pump 10. Transmission 22 can be a single-stage or dual-stage gear transmission to reduce the rotational speed of input shaft 12 to the required rotational speed for proper operation of pump shaft 30 rotatably disposed in mud pump 10. In other embodiments, transmission 22 can comprise a planetary gear transmission. In further embodiments, transmission 22 can comprise helical gears. In yet other embodiments, transmission 22 can comprise spur gears. Intake manifold 52, comprising inlet 54, is shown attached to pump module inlet ports 25. Outlet manifold 58, comprising couplers 62 and end caps 66, is shown attached to pump module outlet ports 35. In one embodiment, frame 18 can comprise return lines 68 that provide communication from galleys 38 to reservoir 70. When in operation, lubricating oils are used to lubricate the moving components of mud pump 10. These oils will collect in galleys 38 and return to reservoir 70 through return lines 68 to be re-circulated through mud pump 10.
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As slide 28 moves to the right, it pushes piston rod 27a and, hence, piston 40a to the right in liner 26a to push fluids in pump chamber 42a out through valve 39ao to outlet ports 35 (not shown) and outlet manifold 58 (not shown). In so doing, piston rod 27b also pulls piston 40b in liner 26b to the right thereby drawing in fluid through valve 39bi from intake manifold 52.
In
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In some embodiments, mud pump 10 can comprise means for circulating coolant in piston liner 26 behind piston 40 to prevent overheating of the mechanism when in operation. As shown in
In some embodiments, mud pump 10 can comprise means for circulating lubricating oil to piston rod 27 as it reciprocates back and forth through support bushing 31. As shown in
In the embodiments illustrated the figures herein, there are three slides 28 shown, each coupled to two pump modules 24 thereby resulting in the operation of six pump modules. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that fewer or more slides mechanisms can be implemented to either decrease or increase the number of pump modules that can be operated. It is also obvious to those skilled in the art that a slide frame can be releasably coupled to a single piston rod to, therefore, operate a single pump module.
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In operation, mud can be supplied to inlet 54 on intake manifold 52 from an external pump (not shown) drawing mud from a mud tank (not shown) as well known to those skilled in the art. As slides 28 operate pump modules 24, mud is drawn into pump modules 24 from intake manifold 52 and pumped out of pump modules 24 into outlet manifold 58 via outlet manifold couplers 62 disposed between pump modules 24 and outlet manifold 58. The pumped mud can exit outlet manifold 58 via outlet 60 that can be connected to a mud delivery pipe and/or hose for use on a drilling rig (not shown) as well known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, the diameter of inlet 54 and the pipe that make up intake manifold 52 can be nominally ten inches whereas the diameter of outlet and the pipe that make up outlet manifold 58 can be nominally four inches. In another embodiment, outlet manifold 58 can comprise couplings (not shown) for connection with a pressure gauge to provide a visual indication of the pressure of the mud being pumped and/or a pressure relief valve to provide means to limit the pressure of the mud being pumped by mud pump 50. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the diameters of inlet 54, intake manifold 52, outlet manifold 58 or outlet 60 can be increased or decreased depending on the volume and pressure of drilling mud required in the drilling of a well.
In operation, it is expected that mud pump 10 can operate up to 65 revolutions per minute using a 1000 horsepower motor, which translates up to 130 pump module strokes per minute per slide frame mechanism given that each slide frame can be coupled to two pump modules. It is also anticipated that mud pump 10 can pump up to 800 gallons or 4 cubic metres of drilling mud per minute. Using 7-inch liners in the pump modules, it is expected that mud pump 10 can pump mud up to 1500 pounds per square inch in pressure. It is also expected that mud pump 10 would weigh approximately 45,000 pounds and deliver the equivalent volume and pressure of drilling mud as a conventional mud pump powered by a 1600 horsepower motor weighing up to 120,000 pounds.
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Although a few embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications might be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The terms and expressions used in the preceding specification have been used herein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the invention is defined and limited only by the claims that follow.
This application claims priority from co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 61/345,858, entitled “Mud Pump” and filed on May 18, 2010, in the name of Gerald Lesko; which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61345858 | May 2010 | US |