This invention relates generally to the field of multi-band monopole internal and external antennas. More specifically, multi-band monopole antennas are provided that are particularly well-suited for use in mobile communications devices, such as Personal Digital Assistants, cellular telephones, and pagers.
Multi-band antenna structures for use in a mobile communications device are known in this art. For example, one type of antenna structure that is commonly utilized as an internally-mounted antenna for a mobile communication device is known as an “inverted-F” antenna. When mounted inside a mobile communications device, an antenna is often subject to problematic amounts of electromagnetic interference from other metallic objects within the mobile communications device, particularly from the ground plane. An inverted-F antenna has been shown to perform adequately as an internally mounted antenna, compared to other known antenna structures. Inverted-F antennas, however, are typically bandwidth-limited, and thus may not be well suited for bandwidth intensive applications. An example of an antenna structure that is used as an externally mounted antenna for a mobile communication device is known as a space-filling or grid dimension antenna. External mounting reduces the amount of electromagnetic interference from other metal objects within the mobile communication device.
Antennas for use in mobile communication devices are disclosed. The antennas disclosed can include a substrate with a base, a top, a front side and a back side; a first conductor can be located on the first side of the antenna substrate; and a second conductor can be located on the second side of the antenna substrate. The conductors can have single or multiple branches. If a conductor is a single branch it can, for example, be a spiral conductor or a conducting plate. If a conductor has multiple branches, each branch can be set up to receive a different frequency band. A conductor with multiple branches can have a linear branch and a space-filling or grid dimension branch. A conducting plate can act as a parasitic reflector plane to tune or partially tune the resonant frequency of another conductor. The first and second conductors can be electrically connected.
a is a perspective view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with two spiral conductors in the absence of a substrate.
b is a front view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with two spiral conductors with a substrate.
c is a back view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with two spiral conductors with a substrate.
a is a perspective view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with a dual branched conductor and a conducting plate in the absence of a substrate.
b is a front view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with a dual branched conductor and a conducting plate with a substrate.
c is a back view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna with a dual branched conductor and a conducting plate with a substrate.
a is a front view of a Rogers-type double-sided, double-surface antenna showing a Hilbert-like space-filling conductor.
b is a back view of a Rogers-type double-sided, double-surface antenna showing a parasitic plate reflector.
a is a front view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna showing a modified Hilbert-like space-filling conductor.
b is a back view of a double-sided, double-surface antenna showing a parasitic plate reflector.
Referring now to the drawing figures,
The first radiating arm 12 includes a meandering section 20 and an extended section 22. The meandering section 20 is coupled to and extends away from the common conductor 16. The extended section 22 is contiguous with the meandering section 20 and extends from the end of the meandering section 20 back towards the common conductor 16. In the illustrated embodiment, the meandering section 20 of the first radiating arm 12 is formed into a geometric shape known as a space-filling curve, in order to reduce the overall size of the antenna 10. A space-filling curve is characterized by at least ten segments which are connected in such a way that each segment forms an angle with its adjacent segments, that is, no pair of adjacent segments define a larger straight segment. It should be understood, however, that the meandering section 20 may include other space-filling curves than that shown in
The second radiating arm 14 includes three linear portions. As viewed in
As noted above, the common conductor 16 of the antenna 10 couples the feeding port 17 to the first and second radiating arms 12, 14. The common conductor 16 extends horizontally (as viewed in
Operationally, the first and second radiating arms 12, 14 are each tuned to a different frequency band or bands, resulting in a dual-band or multi-band antenna.
The antenna 10 may be tuned to the desired dual-band operating frequencies of a mobile communications device by pre-selecting the total conductor length of each of the radiating arms 12, 14. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the first radiating arm 12 may be tuned to operate in a lower frequency band or groups of bands, such as PDC (800 MHz), CDMA (800 MHz), GSM (850 MHz), GSM (900 MHz), GPS, or some other desired frequency band. Similarly, the second radiating arm 14 may be tuned to operate in a higher frequency band or group of bands, such as GPS, PDC (1500 MHz), GSM (1800 MHz), Korean PCS, CDMA/PCS (1900 MHz), CDMA2000/UMTS, IEEE 802.11 (2.4 GHz), IEEE 802.16 (Wi-MAX), or some other desired frequency band. It should be understood that, in some embodiments, the lower frequency band of the first radiating arm 12 may overlap the higher frequency band of the second radiating arm 14, resulting in a single broader band. It should also be understood that the multi-band antenna 10 may be expanded to include further frequency bands by adding additional radiating arms. For example, a third radiating arm could be added to the antenna 10 to form a tri-band antenna.
The first radiating arm 54 includes a meandering section 58 and an extended section 60. The meandering section 58 is coupled to and extends away from the common conductor 52. The extended section 60 is contiguous with the meandering section 58 and extends from the end of the meandering section 58 in an arcing path back towards the common conductor 52.
The second radiating arm 56 includes three linear portions. As viewed in
The multi-band monopole antennas 70, 80, 90 illustrated in
The multi-band monopole antennas 93, 95, 97 illustrated in
In order to reduce electromagnetic interference or electromagnetic coupling from the ground plane 106, the antenna 10 is mounted within the mobile communications device such that 50% or less of the projection of the antenna footprint on the plane of the circuit board 102 intersects the metalization of the ground plane 106. In the illustrated embodiment 100, the antenna 10 is mounted above the circuit board 102. That is, the circuit board 102 is mounted in a first plane and the antenna 10 is mounted in a second plane within the mobile communications device. In addition, the antenna 10 is laterally offset from an edge of the circuit board 102, such that, in this embodiment 100, the projection of the antenna footprint on the plane of the circuit board 102 does not intersect any of the metalization of the ground plane 106.
In order to further reduce electromagnetic interference or electromagnetic coupling from the ground plane 106, the feeding point 104 is located at a position on the circuit board 102 adjacent to a corner of the ground plane 106. The antenna 10 is preferably coupled to the feeding point 104 by folding a portion of the common conductor 16 perpendicularly towards the plane of the circuit board 102 and coupling the feeding port 17 of the antenna 10 to the feeding point 104 of the circuit board 102. The feeding port 17 of the antenna 10 may, for example, be coupled to the feeding point 104 using a commercially available connector, by bonding the feeding port 17 directly to the feeding point 104, or by some other suitable coupling means, such as for example a built-in or surface-mounted spring contact. In other embodiments, however, the feeding port 17 of the antenna 10 may be coupled to the feeding point 104 by some means other than folding the common conductor 16.
The mounting structure 111 includes a flat surface 113 and at least one protruding section 114. The antenna 112 is secured to the flat surface 113 of the mounting structure 111, preferably using an adhesive material. For example, the antenna 112 may be fabricated on a flex-film substrate having a peel-type adhesive on the surface opposite the antenna structure. Once the antenna 112 is secured to the mounting structure 111, the mounting structure 111 is positioned in a mobile communications device with the protruding section 114 extending over the circuit board. The mounting structure 111 and antenna 112 may then be secured to the circuit board and to the housing of the mobile communications device using one or more apertures 116, 117 within the mounting structure 111.
The lower circuit board 122 is similar to the circuit board 102 described above with reference to
The multi-band antenna 201 is secured to the mounting structure 110 and coupled to the circuit board 214 as described above with reference to
The multi-band antenna 231 is secured to the mounting structure 110 and coupled to the circuit board 214 as described above with reference to
An example of a space-filling curve 250 is shown in
In addition to space-filling curves, the curves described herein can also be grid dimension curves. Examples of grid dimension curves are shown in
For the purposes of this application, the term grid dimension curve is used to describe a curve geometry having a grid dimension that is greater than one (1). The larger the grid dimension, the higher the degree of miniaturization that may be achieved by the grid dimension curve in terms of an antenna operating at a specific frequency or wavelength. In addition, a grid dimension curve may, in some cases, also meet the requirements of a space-filling curve, as defined above. Therefore, for the purposes of this application a space-filling curve is one type of grid dimension curve.
For a more accurate calculation of the grid dimension, the number of square cells may be increased up to a maximum amount. The maximum number of cells in a grid is dependent upon the resolution of the curve. As the number of cells approaches the maximum, the grid dimension calculation becomes more accurate. If a grid having more than the maximum number of cells is selected, however, then the accuracy of the grid dimension calculation begins to decrease. Typically, the maximum number of cells in a grid is one thousand (1000).
For example,
The multi-band monopole antennas disclosed herein also include multiple conductor, double-sided, double-surface antenna arrangements. These multiple conductor, double-sided, double-surface antenna arrangements include all the aspects of the multi-band monopole antennas discussed above including, but not limited to, the physical properties of the substrate and conductive materials. In such double-sided, double-surface antenna arrangements, conductors are located on different surfaces of an antenna substrate. Each of the conductors can have the same or different geometry. Conductors on different sides of an antenna substrate can be physically, electrically connected or they may not be connected. Conductors on different sides of an antenna substrate can be connected by a coupling mechanism, e.g., an internal passage or via containing a conductor or an external conductor. Options for conductors include, but are not limited to, conductors with space-filling or grid dimension curves as discussed above, conductors with multiple arms as discussed above, and conducting plates that acts as parasitic reflector planes to tune the resonant frequency of a second band of another conductor.
a, 20b and 20c show an example of a double-sided, double-surface antenna 300 with two spiral conductors (302 and 304).
a, 21b and 21c show an example of a double-sided, double-surface antenna 310 with a dual branched antenna 312, a feeding port 314, and a conducting plate 316.
Conducting plate 316 can either be an extension of the space-filling or grid dimension section 320 of the dual branched antenna 312 if electrically connected to space-filling or grid dimension section 320 or a parasitic plane reflector if not electrically connected to space-filling or grid dimension section 320. If the plane 324 is used to represent a conductor electrically connecting the end of the space-filling or grid dimension section 320 of the dual branched antenna 312 to the conducting plate 316, then the conducting plate acts as an extension of the space-filling or grid dimension section 320 of the dual branched antenna 312 and will also provide some of the tuning properties of a parasitic plane reflector. If the plane 324 is not a conductor connecting the end of the space-filling or grid dimension section 320 to the conducting plate 316, then the conducting plate acts as a parasitic plane reflector. Conductors connecting the space-filling or grid-dimension section 320 to the conducting plate 316 can be any type of electrical connection and the electrical connection can occur at any points along their common length. The electrical connection also can be located in any orientation such as, for example, over the substrate surface or through an internal passage of the substrate.
Another antenna example is shown in
a and 23b show another example of a double-sided, double-surface antenna 350. Antenna 350 is a modification of antenna 310 shown in
Many modifications to the antennas described above are possible. For example, the linear portions of antennas 310 or 350 could be lengthened or shortened or the electrical connection relationship with a space-filling or grid dimension conductor can be adjusted. For further example, the space-filling or grid dimension portions of antennas 310, 330 or 350 could have various curves removed or replaced by solid conductor portions. The space-filling or grid dimension portions of these antennas can also adopt any of the configurations defined above. By way of an additional example, conductor plates/parasitic plane reflectors of antennas 310, 330 or 350 can be decreased in width or height or both. Further, the shape of a conductor plate/parasitic plane reflector could be modified in other ways, such as by removing various portions of the conductor/reflector or simply creating differing shapes.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples, which may be available either before or after the application filing date, are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
This patent application is a national stage entry of PCT/EP05/00880 filed on Jan. 28, 2005,which is a continuation-in-part of PCT/EP02/14706 filed Dec. 22, 2002. PCT/EP05/00880 claims priority from provisional application 60/540,450 filed on Jan. 30,2004.
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PCT/EP2005/000880 | 1/28/2005 | WO | 00 | 7/18/2006 |
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