Patent Grant
8933848
Medical devices can perform tasks including monitoring, detecting, or sensing physiological information, diagnosing a physiological condition or a disease, treating or providing a therapy for a physiological condition or disease, or restoring or otherwise altering physiologic function. For example, such medical devices include implantable devices or externally-worn ambulatory devices. An example of an implantable medical device can include a cardiac function management device, such as a pacemaker, a cardiac resynchronization therapy device, a cardioverter or defibrillator, or other device. Other medical devices can include a neurological stimulator, a neuromuscular stimulator, a drug delivery system, or one or more other devices.
Generally, a medical device can include a wireless communication circuit (e.g., a telemetry circuit) and an antenna coupled to the wireless communication circuit, to provide wireless communication between the medical device and another assembly, such as to send information (e.g., physiological or other information) from the medical device to another assembly, or to receive information (e.g., programming instructions, operational parameters, or other information) from another assembly. Mutual inductive coupling can be used to provide short-range communication between an implantable medical device implanted in a body and an external assembly, or between a medical device outside of the body and an external assembly.
Communication via mutual inductive coupling largely relies on low frequency near-field coupling, where the field distribution is highly dependent upon the distance from, and orientation of, the antenna. Such mutual inductive coupling can grossly limit the range of wireless communication between the implantable medical device and the external assembly, generally to a range of a few centimeters.
Low power radio frequency (“RF”) electromagnetic radiation can be used to provide communication between an ambulatory or implantable medical device and another assembly, such as in addition to or instead of using mutual-inductive coupling for such communication. Generally, an antenna included as a portion of an implantable or external assembly can be configured for use within a relatively narrow range of frequencies (e.g., a narrowband antenna). Such narrowband antennas can be tuned to establish a specified input impedance within a desired or specified range of operating frequencies.
In the United States, various frequency ranges are allocated for mobile radio communication, cellular data or telephone communication, satellite communication, unlicensed low-power communication for industrial, scientific, or medical use, or for licensed low-power medical device communication. Such frequency ranges generally constrain the physical design of the antenna. Thus, during design or manufacturing, several different antenna designs might be used depending on the intended application, manufacturing, or end use location of the apparatus including the antenna.
The present inventors have recognized, among other things, that manufacturing cost or complexity can be reduced by using an antenna configured for operation within multiple ranges of frequencies (e.g., a multi-band antenna). For example, a multi-band antenna can perform the function of various separate antennas, such as reducing or eliminating a need for providing different antenna sizes or configurations during manufacturing to suit differing end uses or locations. The present inventors have also recognized that such a multi-band antenna can be fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) materials or techniques. For example, a planar multi-band antenna can be included as a portion of a printed circuit board assembly that can also include other circuitry. In an example, the planar multi-band antenna can be housed in a display portion of an external assembly, or on or within a housing of the assembly.
In an example, a planar antenna for wireless information transfer can include a planar loading portion electrically coupled to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit, and a folded conductive strip portion coupled to the planar loading portion. In an example, the folded conductive strip portion can include an “inverted-L” or other configuration, such as can include at least two segments laterally offset from each other and at least partially laterally overlapping with each other. The planar loading portion can be configured to establish a specified bandwidth of a second operating frequency range, leaving a first specified operating frequency range substantially unchanged.
In an example, a planar antenna can include a folded conductive strip portion coupled to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit, the folded conductive strip portion comprising at least two segments laterally offset from each other and at least partially laterally overlapping with each other, and a first region oriented along a first axis in a plane of the planar antenna and a second region oriented along a second axis in the plane of the planar antenna, the two axes and the two regions specified to provide polarization diversity of radiation from the planar antenna. For example, the planar antenna can include a stub coupled to the folded conductive strip portion, the stub configured to provide a first specified operating frequency range at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion.
This overview is intended to provide an overview of subject matter of the present patent application. It is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive explanation of the invention. The detailed description is included to provide further information about the present patent application.
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document.
In an example, the local external assembly 120 can include a physician's programming assembly or other caregiver's programming assembly, a bedside monitor or other monitor, or other relatively nearby assembly, such as used to transfer programming instructions or configuration information to the medical device 106, or to receive diagnostic information, a disease status, information about one or more physiologic parameters, or the like, from the medical device 106. The external assembly 120 can be communicatively connected to one or more other external assemblies, such as a remote external assembly 112, located elsewhere (e.g., a server, a client terminal such as a web-connected personal computer, a cellular base-station, or another wirelessly-coupled or wired remote assembly), such as via a second communicative coupling 187. The second communicative coupling can use the first specified range of frequencies, or a second specified range of frequencies. In an example, the local external assembly 120 can include one or more antennas, such as an antenna 110 coupled to a wireless communication circuit 130. The antenna 110 can be configured to wirelessly transfer information electromagnetically using one or more of the first or second specified ranges of frequencies, such as including a multi-band planar antenna as discussed in the examples above and below.
In an example, the planar antenna 210 can be located on or within a housing of the external assembly 220, such as located on or within a dielectric material 207 (e.g., a dielectric compartment, a dielectric shell, or other dielectric material that can support or surround the antenna 210). The dielectric material 207 can be specified to pass electromagnetic waves in one or more specified operating frequency ranges. Such a dielectric material 207 can include a portion of a dielectric housing, such as a base housing or a display housing of the external assembly 220. In an example, the planar antenna 210 can be located on or within a dielectric material included as a portion of a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly.
In an example, the antenna 310 can include a folded conductive strip portion such as comprising an “inverted-L” configuration, such as including a first segment 360A, that can be coupled to the driven node (e.g., a single-ended input or output) of a wireless communication circuit, such as within or nearby a feed region 340. A reference or return node of the wireless communication circuit (e.g., “RF” ground) can be coupled to the planar return portion 370, such as in the feed region 340. In an example, the folded conductive strip portion of the antenna 310 can include two parallel segments that can be laterally separated (e.g., laterally offset from each other), such as a second segment 360B and a fourth segment 360D, such as conductively coupled by a third segment 360C. The term “folded” can refer to the physical arrangement of the conductive strips with respect to each other, such as the inclusion of two parallel conductive strip portions (e.g. the second and fourth segments 360B and 360D) that can at least partially laterally overlap.
In an example, the antenna 310 can use a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the first through fourth segments 360A through 360D, such as to establish the first frequency range 382A. Similarly, the antenna can use a mode corresponding to about half of the total physical path length along the antenna, such as to establish a higher operating frequency range (e.g., the second operating frequency range 382B). For example, the antenna 310 can support other resonances or higher-order modes, such as corresponding to the third or fourth frequency ranges 382C-D.
An antenna efficiency of the antenna 310 can be established at least in part by the location of the feed region, or by a physical length of one or more of a first lateral edge 344 of the planar return portion 370, or a second lateral edge 346 of the planar return portion 370. For example, for a corner feed location (e.g., the region 340), as the lateral edge 344 is reduced in length, the planar return portion 370 gradually approximates a second conductive strip (e.g., forming a dipole configuration). If the planar return portion 370 dimensions are reduced too much, the antenna 310 can be detuned, such as undesirably increasing return loss.
The present inventors have also recognized that the second lateral edge 346 can be extended in length away from the feed region 340 (e.g., increasing both a linear dimension of the edge 346 and a surface area of the planar return portion 370), such as to enhance an antenna efficiency of the antenna 310 as compared to using a smaller planar return portion. Similarly it is believed that the location of the antenna feed region 340 can be moved to a more central region 342 (e.g., at or near a midpoint of the lateral edge 344), such as to enhance an antenna efficiency of the antenna 310, such as when a housing for the antenna 310 can accommodate a larger planar return portion 370 length or area.
In the examples of
In an example, one or more criteria can be used to select or identify usable ranges of operating frequencies. For example, a return loss 380 (e.g., an S11 parameter in decibels (dB)) can be specified as −7 dB or more negative within a usable range of frequencies (e.g., corresponding to a return loss 380 of 7 dB, or a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 2:6 or less).
An impedance matching network can be used to compensate for an input impedance of the antenna 410 that deviates from 50 ohms real, such as to provide a substantially conjugate match between the antenna 410 and an output impedance of a wireless communication circuit. However, such a matching network can add cost or complexity to the wireless communication circuitry. The present inventors have, among other things, developed techniques and apparatus to widen the bandwidth of the usable operating frequency ranges (e.g., ranges 382A through 382D), while still keeping such frequency ranges located near (e.g., centered around) desired frequencies, or providing improved impedance matching within such frequencies (e.g., generally improving the return loss 380).
In the examples of
The planar loading portion 450 can be coupled to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit such as within or near a feed region 440. The planar loading portion 450 can include a distal edge (e.g., distal to the feed region 440), conductively coupled to the first segment 460A. The planar loading portion 450 can be wider in physical width than the physical width “w” of the folded conductive strip portions and can include a physical length, “l.”
The configuration of the folded conductive strip portion (e.g., segments 460A through 460D) and the planar loading portion 450 can establish a first operating frequency range 482A centered just above about 400 MHz (e.g., including a Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) frequency range), a second operating frequency range 482B centered just above 900 MHz (e.g., including a first Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band), a third operating frequency range 482C centered around about 1800 MHz (e.g., including frequencies corresponding to various cellular data or mobile phone frequency ranges), or a fourth operating frequency range 382D centered just below 2.7 GHz.
The return loss 480 of
In an example, the planar loading portion 450 can include a physical length, “l” such as corresponding to about a quarter of an effective wavelength, the effective wavelength established by a frequency included in intermediate frequency range (e.g., a desired center frequency of the third operating frequency range 482C), such as located between the first operating frequency range 482A, and the fourth operating frequency range 482D. The planar loading portion 450 physical length “l” can be extended or shortened in length, such as to widen another specified operating frequency range (e.g., the second operating frequency range 482B or the fourth operating frequency range 482D). In this manner, the planar loading portion 450 can be used for tuning one or more high-order modes of the antenna 410 (e.g., corresponding to the third operating frequency range 482C) without substantially disturbing a fundamental mode of the antenna 410 (e.g., corresponding to a third operating frequency range 482A).
“Effective wavelength” can refer to the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave propagating via a structure (e.g., a transmission line or waveguide) that can be surrounded by an inhomogeneous dielectric medium. Such an inhomogeneous configuration (e.g., a PCB dielectric material on one face of the folded conductive strip portion and air or another medium on the opposite face, or including one or more other media) establishes an “effective” dielectric constant, including contributions from the different dielectric materials. Generally, the effective dielectric constant is a value between the lowest and highest values of the dielectric constants of the materials comprising the inhomogeneous configuration (e.g., a geometric mean), and the corresponding effective wavelength can be defined as inversely proportional to the square root of such an effective dielectric constant.
As in the examples of
As in the examples of
In an example, the folded conductive strip portion can include a planar loading portion 650, such as discussed in relation to other examples. In an example, the antenna 610 can include a first segment 660A, a second segment 660B, a third segment 660C, and a fourth segment 660D. In the example of
In an example, the antenna 610 can be coupled to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit, such as at or near a feed region 643 that can be located at a lateral edge of a planar return portion 670. Similarly to the examples discussed above and below, an antenna efficiency of the antenna 610 can be enhanced as the long lateral edges of the planar return portion 670 are extended. As the dimensions of the planar return portion 670 are reduced, the planar return portion 670 can approximate a second antenna arm, such as establishing a dipole configuration. An antenna efficiency can depend, in part, on a return loss of the antenna 610. For example, a surface current distribution in the planar return portion 670 can be localized. The planar return portion 670 can be “cut,” or otherwise reduced in area or length in regions lacking a significant surface current magnitude, such as to reduce an overall surface area of the antenna 610 and planar return portion 670, but without substantially degrading return loss performance in one or more desired ranges of operating frequencies.
In an illustrative example, the folded conductive strip portion comprising the first through fourth segments 660A through 660D can be bent as shown in the example of
Referring back to
In an illustrative example, a combination of the stub and the folded conductive strip portion can be used to provide the first specified range of operating frequencies 782A. For example, the stub 762 can be electrically coupled to the fourth segment 760D along the length of the fourth segment 760D, such as distally with respect to the third segment at just beyond a mid-point of the fourth segment 760D. A distal portion of the fourth segment can have a physical length that can be represented by “A,” and the stub can have a physical length that can be represented by “B.” In an example, the physical lengths, A and B, can be about equal in physical length. A total physical length of the first through fourth segments 760A through 760D can correspond to a mode supporting the first specified range of frequencies 782A such as when a polarization-enhancing bend in the second and fourth segments, 760B,D is omitted, as shown in the example of
In an illustrative example, according to experimentally-obtained free-space range data, the antenna 710 of
In an illustrative example, according to experimentally-obtained free-space range data, an average total electric field intensity of the antenna 710 can be improved by about 3 dB at 403.5 MHz including both the horizontal and vertical electric field components, when scanned azimuthally in a plane parallel to the plane of the folded conductive strip portion, such as in response to increasing a longest edge dimension of a planar return portion 770 from 3 inches to 6 inches.
It is believed that antenna performance, such as an improvement in return loss, can be realized such as by moving a feed region from a corner location of a lateral edge of the planar return 770 to a mid-point of a lateral edge of the planar return portion 770, such as if the overall dimensions of the planar return portion 770 can still support a surface current distribution having dimensions similar to the folded conductive stub portion.
At 1006, a folded conductive strip portion can be formed, such as using one or more of the fabrication techniques, or including apparatus, such as discussed in the examples above or below. At 1008, the folded conductive strip portion can be electrically coupled (e.g., conductively coupled) to the planar loading portion. At 1010, a first specified operating frequency range can be established such as using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion of the antenna. At 1012, a second, higher, specified operating frequency range can be established using a mode corresponding to about half the total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion of the antenna. At 1014, the planar loading portion can be used, at least in part, to establish a specified bandwidth of the second or another, higher operating frequency range.
In an example, the folded conductive strip portion can be coupled to a driven node of a communication circuit. For example, the folded conductive strip portion can, but need not, be coupled to the communication circuit via a planar loading portion. At 1106, a first specified operating frequency range can be provided, such as using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion. In an example, the folded conductive strip can, but need not, be coupled to a stub, and a first specified operating frequency range can be provided by the total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion and using the stub.
At 1108, a second, higher specified operating frequency range can be provided using a mode corresponding to about half of the total physical path length of the folded conductive strip portion. In an example, the technique 1100 can include forming an antenna that can provide two or more distinct specified operating frequency ranges.
In an example, one or more of the folded conductive strip portion including one or more of the first through fourth segments, the planar loading portion, the planar return portion, or the stub, of any of the examples above or below, can be etched, stamped, deposited or otherwise formed using various techniques, such as comprising a conductive or metal layer (e.g., one or more of copper, aluminum, tungsten, or other conductor) located on or within a dielectric layer included as a portion of a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. The printed circuit board assembly dielectric layer can include one or more of a glass-epoxy laminate, a ceramic material, a ceramic-loaded polymer material, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, or one or more other materials or laminated assemblies.
In an example, the feed region at a corner location of the planar return portion (or another feed region) of any of the examples above or below can be conductively coupled to an antenna port included as a portion of wireless communication circuit. Such a conductive coupling can include a coaxial feed, or other transmission line or waveguiding structure, such as including a driven node and a reference node. The wireless communication circuit can be located on a PCB assembly that can be commonly-shared with the antenna or the wireless communication circuit can be located elsewhere such as connected to the antenna via a cable or another conductive or reactive coupling. In an example, the feed region of any of the examples above or below can include a connector or other portion configured for coupling the antenna to the wireless communication circuit (e.g., a coaxial connector, an array of solderable or weld-able pads, or one or more other electrical interconnections).
The examples above and below can include linear segments and right angles comprising the folded conductive strip portions. However, other segment shapes or transitions can be used, such as including arc-shaped or otherwise curved segments, rounded corners, or chamfered corners, for example.
Example 1 includes subject matter (such as an apparatus) comprising a planar antenna for wireless information transfer, the planar antenna comprising a folded conductive strip portion coupled to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit, the folded conductive strip portion comprising at least two segments laterally offset from each other and at least partially laterally overlapping with each other, a first region oriented along a first axis in a plane of the planar antenna and a second region oriented along a second axis in the plane of the planar antenna, the two axes and the two regions specified to provide polarization diversity of radiation from the planar antenna. In Example 1, the planar antenna includes a stub coupled to the folded conductive strip portion, the folded conductive strip portion and the stub are configured to provide a first specified operating frequency range at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion, and the folded conductive strip portion is configured to provide a second, higher, specified operating frequency range at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to about half of the total physical path length.
In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 can optionally include a folded conductive strip portion coupled to the driven node of the wireless communication circuit via a planar loading portion, the planar loading portion including an edge distal to the driven node of the wireless communication circuit, the planar loading portion configured to provide a specified bandwidth of the second or another, higher, specified operating frequency range, leaving the first specified operating frequency range substantially unchanged.
In Example 3, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-2 can optionally include a physical length of the planar loading portion that is about a quarter of an effective wavelength, the effective wavelength corresponding to an intermediate frequency between the first and second specified operating frequency ranges.
In Example 4, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-3 can optionally include a physical width of the planar loading portion configured to provide the specified bandwidth of the second or another, higher, specified operating frequency range.
In Example 5, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-4 can optionally include a planar loading portion that is rectangular and includes a physical width that is larger than a physical width of the conductive strip portion.
In Example 6, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-5 can optionally include a folded conductive strip portion comprising a first conductive segment coupled to the planar loading portion, a second conductive segment coupled to the first segment, a third conductive segment coupled to the second segment, and a fourth conductive segment coupled to the third segment.
In Example 7, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-6 can optionally include a stub coupled to the fourth conductive segment.
In Example 8, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-7 can optionally include a physical length of the stub coupled to the fourth conductive segment that is about equal to a physical length of a distal remaining portion of the fourth conductive segment beyond the location of a coupling of the stub to the fourth conductive segment.
In Example 9, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-8 can optionally include a conductive strip comprising a specified physical width, the first segment less in length than about three times the physical width of the conductive strip.
In Example 10, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-9 can optionally include a conductive strip comprising a specified width, the third segment less in length than about the physical width of the conductive strip.
In Example 11, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-10 can optionally include a planar dielectric portion, the folded conductive strip portion located on a surface of the planar dielectric portion.
In Example 12, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-11 can optionally include a planar return portion, the planar return portion coupled to a return node of the wireless communication circuit.
In Example 13, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-12 can optionally include a planar return portion coupled to the wireless communication circuit at or near a corner location.
In Example 14, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-13 can optionally include a planar return portions coupled to the wireless communication circuit at or near a midpoint of a lateral edge of the planar return portion.
In Example 15, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-14 can optionally include a planar antenna configured for wireless transfer of information electromagnetically between the planar antenna and an implantable medical device using one or more of the first, second, or another, higher, specified range of operating frequencies, and using the wireless communication circuit.
Example 16 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-15 to include, subject matter (such as an apparatus) comprising an external assembly including a wireless communication circuit configured for wireless information transfer between an implantable medical device and the external assembly, a planar antenna coupled to the wireless communication circuit, the planar antenna configured for wireless information transfer between an implantable medical device and an external assembly, the planar antenna comprising a planar loading portion electrically coupled to a driven node of the wireless communication circuit, the planar loading portion including an edge distal to the driven node of the communication circuit, a folded conductive strip portion coupled to the planar loading portion, the folded conductive strip portion comprising at least two segments laterally offset from each other and at least partially laterally overlapping with each other, a first region oriented along a first axis in a plane of the planar antenna and a second region oriented along a second axis in the plane of the planar antenna, the two axes and the two regions specified to provide polarization diversity of radiation from the planar antenna, a stub coupled to the folded conductive strip portion, the folded conductive strip portion and stub configured to provide a first specified operating frequency range at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion, and the folded conductive strip configured to provide a second, higher, specified operating frequency range at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to about half of the total physical path length portion.
Example 17 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 1-16 to include, subject matter (such as a method, a means for performing acts, or a machine-readable medium including instructions that, when performed by the machine, cause the machine to perform acts) comprising forming a folded conductive strip portion of a planar antenna, the folded conductive strip comprising at least two segments laterally offset from each other and at least partially laterally overlapping with each other, a first region oriented along a first axis in a plane of the planar antenna, and a second region oriented along a second axis in the plane of the planar antenna, the two axes and the two regions specified to provide polarization diversity of radiation from the planar antenna. In Example 17, the subject matter includes forming a stub coupled to the folded conductive strip portion, providing a first specified operating frequency range for the planar antenna at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to a total physical path length along the folded conductive strip portion and using the stub, and providing a second, higher, specified operating frequency range for the planar antenna at or near resonance using a mode corresponding to about half of the total physical path length.
In Example 18, the subject matter of Example 17 can optionally include forming a planar loading portion of a planar antenna, electrically coupling the planar loading portion to a driven node of a wireless communication circuit, the planar loading portion including an edge distal to the driven node of the wireless communication circuit, electrically coupling the folded conductive strip portion to the wireless communication circuit via the planar loading portion, and using the planar loading portion, providing a specified bandwidth of the second or another, higher, specified operating frequency range, leaving the first specified operating frequency range substantially unchanged.
In Example 19, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 17-18 can optionally include a folded conductive strip portion comprising a first conductive segment coupled to the planar loading portion, a second conductive segment coupled to the first segment, a third conductive segment coupled to the second segment, and a fourth conductive segment coupled to the third segment.
In Example 20, the subject matter of one or any combination of Examples 17-19 can optionally include electrically coupling the stub to the fourth conductive segment.
Example 21 can include, or can optionally be combined with any portion or combination of any portions of any one or more of Examples 1-20 to include, subject matter that can include means for performing any one or more of the functions of Examples 1-20, or a machine-readable medium including instructions that, when performed by a machine, cause the machine to perform any one or more of the functions of Examples 1-20.
These non-limiting examples can be combined in any permutation or combination.
The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the present inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.
All publications, patents, and patent documents referred to in this document are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, as though individually incorporated by reference. In the event of inconsistent usages between this document and those documents so incorporated by reference, the usage in the incorporated reference(s) should be considered supplementary to that of this document; for irreconcilable inconsistencies, the usage in this document controls.
In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. In this document, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device, article, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.
Method examples described herein can be machine or computer-implemented at least in part. Some examples can include a computer-readable medium or machine-readable medium encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform methods as described in the above examples. An implementation of such methods can include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, a higher-level language code, or the like. Such code can include computer readable instructions for performing various methods. The code may form portions of computer program products. Further, in an example, the code can be tangibly stored on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media, such as during execution or at other times. Examples of these tangible computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removable optical disks (e.g., compact disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or sticks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like.
The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that such embodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of Nghiem et al., U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/504,954, entitled “MULTI-BAND MULTI-POLARIZATION STUB-TUNED ANTENNA”, filed on Jul. 6, 2011, and also the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of Nghiem et al., U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/504,950, entitled “MULTI-BAND LOADED ANTENNA”, filed on Jul. 6, 2011, the benefit of priority of each of which is claimed hereby, and each of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130009839 A1 | Jan 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61504954 | Jul 2011 | US | |
| 61504950 | Jul 2011 | US |
