1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a multi-beam x-ray device of the type having multi-beam x-ray tube and a diaphragm arrangement for fast acquisition of a plurality of x-ray images.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventional x-ray tubes are essentially composed of a vacuum chamber with housing in which a cathode and an anode are enclosed. The cathode acts as a negative electrode that emits the electrons toward the positive anode. The electrons are attracted from the anode and strongly accelerated by an electrical field between anode and cathode. The anode typically is formed of a metal, for example tungsten, molybdenum or palladium. When the electrons bombard the anode, their energy is for the most part converted into heat. Only a fraction of the kinetic energy can be converted into x-ray photons that are emitted by the anode in the form of an x-ray beam. The x-ray beam that is generated in such a manner exits the vacuum chamber through a radiation-permeable window made of a material with low atomic number.
Applications in industrial and medical imaging and for therapeutic treatments are unimaginable without x-ray tubes. All imaging methods with x-rays utilize the fact that different materials absorb x-rays differently. Conventional x-ray imaging methods generate a two-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional projection of a three-dimensional subject. The spatial resolution along the propagation direction of the x-ray beam is thereby lost.
Although it is also based on the different x-ray absorption properties of different materials, computed tomography offers a different form of imaging known as a slice image method. In computed tomography multiple x-ray images of a subject are generated from different directions and the lost volume information is subsequently reconstructed from these multiple images using a technique known as a back-projection method. Normally these 3D reconstructions are assembled from individual slices that proceed transverse to the subject. In this way a density can be determined for every volume element of the subject (known as a voxel, which corresponds to a three-dimensional pixel). A 3D image inside the subject can therefore be generated from all voxels.
In order to generate the multiple different slice images in computed tomography, an x-ray tube emitting the x-rays and an x-ray detector receiving the x-rays after exposure of the subject are moved around the subject. The mechanical movement is complicated and also occupies valuable examination time in medical technology. Various approaches have therefore been developed in order to be able to emit multiple different radiation beams from an x-ray tube. It is the goal to generate many slice images with different observation angles without mechanically moving the x-ray tube and the x-ray detector.
The PCT Application WO 25 2004/110111 A2 specifies a promising solution. A multi-beam x-ray tube with a stationary field emission cathode and an opposite anode are disclosed by this. The cathode comprises a plurality of stationary, individually controllable electron-emitting pixels that are distributed in a predetermined pattern on the cathode. The anode has a number of focal spots that are arranged in a predetermined pattern that is executed corresponding to the pattern of the pixels. A vacuum chamber encloses the anode and cathode. In one development, the cathode comprises carbon nanotubes.
The solution disclosed in WO 2004/110111 A2 offers many advantages relative to conventional thermionic x-ray radiation sources. It eliminates the heating element of the anode, operates at room temperature, generates pulsed x-ray radiation with a high repetition rate and generates plurality of beams with different focal spots.
In order to be able to use multi-beam x-ray tubes in medical technology, for example for a tomosynthesis in mammography, numerous adaptations are required. Among other things, it must be ensured that the radiation exposure of patients is minimized, the scatter radiation is reduced and the image series frequency is increased.
An object of the invention is to provide a multi-beam x-ray tube and a method to operate this via which a multi-beam x-ray tube can also be used in medical technology.
In accordance with the invention, a multi-beam x-ray device has a multi-beam x-ray tube fashioned in the form of a polygon, wherein the focal spots of the x-ray radiation are arranged along the polygon sides. The device also includes an x-ray tube control unit that controls the x-ray radiation emission such that an x-ray beam is alternately emitted from each polygon side in a specified sequence, and multiple diaphragms, each having at least one diaphragm aperture therein, are arranged such that they can move into the beam path of the x-ray tube. A diaphragm, whose first diaphragm aperture limits the cross section of the x-ray beam emitted from the x-ray tube, is associated with every polygon side. The advantage of the device is that a number of slice images can be generated from different directions without a movement of the x-ray tube.
In an embodiment, the diaphragm aperture can overlay the x-ray beam on an x-ray image receiver that does not vary its position relative to the multi-beam x-ray tube. Both x-ray tube and x-ray image receiver thereby do not have to be moved between acquisitions from different directions.
In a further embodiment, the diaphragms can be controlled such that that the diaphragm through whose diaphragm aperture an x-ray beam is currently passing is located at rest while the other first diaphragms move in the direction of a new focal spot position. It is advantageous that the x-ray image series frequency can advantageously be increased without having to increase the travel speed of the first diaphragm.
Furthermore, diaphragms may be first diaphragms with at least two first diaphragm apertures in the first diaphragms, and the device has second diaphragms also associated with the polygon sides. At least one first diaphragm aperture, through which no x-ray radiation is currently passing, is covered by the associated second diaphragm. This offers the advantage that unwanted x-ray scatter radiation is effectively suppressed.
The focal spots can advantageously have a regular interval from one another, and the separation of the first diaphragm apertures of the first diaphragm relative to one another can be n.5 times the interval of the focal spots, wherein n ε N and N is the number of focal spots. The travel paths of the first diaphragm thus can be minimized.
In another embodiment, the polygon can be a regular, planar polygon. This offers the advantage of a simple mechanical and control-related realization.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a mammography system for tomosynthesis has a multi-beam x-ray device according to the invention. A plurality of x-ray images of the female breast can thereby be generated in a very fast series.
In a perspective view,
In order to explain the sequence in which the x-rays are emitted and how the diaphragms are moved, the 52 focal spots B1 through B52 of a quadratic multi-beam x-ray tube are shown in a plan view in
The multi-beam x-ray device according to the invention can advantageously be used for a tomosynthesis in mammography. With the arrangement described above, 52 slice images can be acquired in the shortest possible time and be processed into a new spatial view.
A further preferred application is x-ray image acquisition in the operating room where movements of x-ray systems are disruptive. With the device according to the invention, x-ray radiator and x-ray detector remain at rest.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2008 050 352 | Oct 2008 | DE | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20100091938 A1 | Apr 2010 | US |