Patent Application
20240247708
Reciprocating pump systems, such as sucker rod pump systems, extract fluids from a well and employ a downhole pump connected to a driving source at the surface. A rod string connects the surface driving force to the downhole pump in the well. When operated, the driving source cyclically raises and lowers the downhole pump, and with each stroke, the downhole pump lifts well fluids toward the surface.
For example,
During the upstroke, the traveling valve 22 is closed, and any fluid above the plunger 20 in the production tubing 18 is lifted towards the surface. Meanwhile, the standing valve 24 opens and allows fluid to enter the pump barrel 16 from the wellbore.
At the top of stroke, the standing valve 24 closes and holds in the fluid that has entered the pump barrel 16. Furthermore, throughout the upstroke, the weight of the fluid in the production tubing 18 is supported by the traveling valve 22 in the plunger 20 and, therefore, also by the rod string 12, which causes the rod string 12 to stretch. During the downstroke, the traveling valve opens, which results in a rapid decrease in the load on the rod string 12. The movement of the plunger 20 from a transfer point to the bottom of stroke is known as the “fluid stroke” and is a measure of the amount of fluid lifted by the pump 14 on each stroke.
At the surface, the pump unit 30 is driven by a prime mover 40, such as an electric motor or internal combustion engine, mounted on a pedestal above a base 32. Typically, a pump controller 36 monitors, controls, and records the pump unit's operation. Structurally, a Samson post 34 on the base 32 provides a fulcrum on which a walking beam 50 is pivotally supported by a saddle bearing assembly 35.
Output from the motor 40 is transmitted to a gearbox 42, which provides low-speed, high-torque rotation of a crankshaft 43. Both ends of the crankshaft 43 rotate crank arms 44 having counterbalance weights 46. Each crank arm 44 is pivotally connected to a pitman arm 48 by a crank pin bearing 45. In turn, the two pitman arms 48 are connected to an equalizer bar 49, which is pivotally connected to the rear end of the walking beam 50 by an equalizer bearing assembly 55.
A horsehead 52 with an arcuate forward face 54 is mounted to the forward end of the walking beam 50. As is typical, the face 54 may have tracks or grooves for carrying a flexible wire rope bridle 56. At its lower end, the bridle 56 terminates with a carrier bar 58, upon which a polished rod 15 is suspended. The polished rod 15 extends through a packing gland or stuffing box at the wellhead 13. The rod string 12 of sucker rods hangs from the polished rod 15 within the tubing string 18 located within the well casing and extends to the downhole pump 14.
As noted above, bearing assemblies are used to connect the ends of the pitman arms 48 to selective adjustment slots in the crank arms 44. As an example,
The bearing assembly 50 includes a bearing housing 52, a pitman bearing pedestal 54, a crank or wrist pin 60, a retainer ring 72, and a wrist pin nut 70. The bearing housing 52 and pitman bearing pedestal 54 connect to the end of the pitman arm 48, which is only partially shown here in cross-section.
The wrist pin 60 has an end 62 engaged with bearings 56 in the housing 52. The wrist pin 60 extends from the housing 52 and fits through an adjustment slot 45′ in the crank arm 44, which is only partially shown here in cross-section. The wrist pin 60 is tapered, and the wrist pin hole 45′ can be split-sleeved or can be bored and tapered with a precision tapered insert. In this example, the wrist pin 60 fits in a sleeve 64 installed in the adjustment slot 45′, and a key 66, if used, can engage in a split of the sleeve 64. The wrist pin nut 70 and retainer ring 72 fit on the other side of the crank arm 44, and the wrist pin nut 70 is threaded onto the wrist pin's other end to complete the connection for the bearing assembly 50. A cotter pin (not shown) can be installed in a hole in the end of the wrist pin 60 and can engage a castellation on the nut 70 to prevent the nut 70 from unthreading.
As shown, the conventional wrist pin nut 70 is typically a large threaded nut that has been cast and machined. To install and remove the wristpin nut 70 on the wrist pin's end 68 extending through the crank pin slot 45′, operators use an extremely large hammer wrench, making the process hazardous and strenuous. In particular, the crank arm 44 must be positioned so the end 68 of the wristpin 60 on the inside surface of the crank arm 44 can be properly accessed. To install the nut 70, operators thread the nut 70 on by hand, and then operators use the large hammer wrench to tighten the nut 70. When being installed and removed, the threads on the end 68 of the conventional wrist pin 60 are prone to galling. Corrosion can also make the conventional wrist pin nut 70 difficult to remove. For these reasons, the conventional wrist pin nut 70 cannot be reused without having to be re-machined or otherwise reworked.
A conventional multi-jack bolt tensioning nut and washer can also be used for the connection of a wrist pin 60 to a crank arm 44. For example,
In the end, the multi-jack bolt tensioning nut 80 relies on friction to keep the nut 80 from unthreading. Corrosion can make the multi-jack bolt tensioning nut 80 difficult to remove, and galling can also occur on the threads.
What is needed is a wristpin retainer that is simple to install, does not tend to back out, and does not require a hammer wrench to tighten and remove. The subject matter of the present disclosure is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.
An assembly disclosed herein is used for connecting a pitman arm to a slot in a crank arm of a reciprocating pump unit. The crank arm has first and second sides, and the pitman arm is disposed on the first side. The assembly comprises a pin, a clamp, and one or more spacers. The pin extends from the pitman arm and is positioned in the slot of the crank arm. A distal end of the pin extends from the second side of the crank arm, and the distal end defines an external shouldered profile. The clamp is clamped on the distal end of the pin. The clamp has a front face and has an internal shoulder profile. The front face is positioned adjacent to the second side of the crank arm, and the internal shouldered profile is engaged with the external shouldered profile on distal end of the pin. The one or more spacers are positioned adjacent to the front face of the clamp and the second side of the crank arm. The one or more spacers adjust tensioning of the pin relative to the crank arm. The one or more spacers can include one or more washers positioned on the distal end of the pin between the second side of the crank arm and the front face of the clamp. The one or more spacers can include a plurality of bolts adjustably thread in holes extending through the clamp from a back face to the front face.
A kit is also disclosed herein to connect a pitman arm to a slot in a crank arm of a reciprocating pump unit. The kit comprises the pin, the clamp, and the one or more spacers as disclosed above.
A reciprocating pump unit disclosed herein comprises pitman arms, an equalizer bar, a walking beam, and crank arms. The equalizer bar is hingedly connected to the pitman arms, and the walking beam is hingedly connected to the equalizer bar and is mounted to pivot on the reciprocating pump unit. The crank arms are configured to translate the pitman arms. Each of the crank arms having an assembly as disclosed above for connecting the pitman arm to a slot in the crank arm.
A method is disclosed herein to connect a pitman arm to a slot in a crank arm of a reciprocating pump unit. The method comprises: positioning a pin extending from the pitman arm on a first side of the crank arm into the slot in the crank arm; clamping a clamp on a distal end of the pin exposed on a second side of the crank arm by engaging an internal shouldered profile on the clamp to an external shouldered profile on the distal end of the pin; and tensioning the pin relative to the crank arm by selectively adjusting one or more spacers between the second side of the crank arm and the front face of the clamp.
The foregoing summary is not intended to summarize each potential embodiment or every aspect of the present disclosure.
As noted above, bearing assemblies are used to connect ends of pitman arms to selective adjustment slots in crank arms.
The bearing assembly 100 can have a number of elements comparable to those discussed previously. For example, the bearing assembly 100 can include a bearing housing 102, a pitman bearing pedestal 104, and a bearing 106. The bearing housing 102 and the pitman bearing pedestal 104 connect to the end of the pitman arm 48, which is only partially shown here in cross-section. A wrist pin 110 has an end 112 engaged with the bearing 106, and the wrist pin 110 extends from the bearing 106 and fits through an adjustment slot 45′ in the crank arm 44, which is only partially shown here in cross-section. The wrist pin 110 is tapered, and the wrist pin hole 45′ can be split-sleeved or can be bored and tapered with a precision tapered insert. In this example, the wrist pin 110 fits in a sleeve 114 installed in the adjustment slot 45′, and a key 116 if present can engage in a split of the sleeve 114.
A retainer 120 and one or more spacers 130 fit on the other side of the crank arm 44, and the retainer 120 affixes to an end 118 of the wrist pin 110. In
In contrast to the conventional wrist pin nut that is typically a large threaded nut, the retainer 120 of the present disclosure is a clamp 120 that clamps onto the end 118 of the wrist pin 110. The clamp 120 has portions that enclose about the end 118 and affix together with a clamping bolt 128. The one or more spacers 130 can include one or more rings or washers 150 that can fit between a front face 121 of the clamp 120 and the side of the crank arm 44. The retainer ring 150 can be a hardened washer. The spacers 130 include tensioning bolts 140 that thread through the clamp 120 from the back face 123 to the front face 121. The distal ends of the tensioning bolts 140 can engage the washer(s) if present or can engage the side of the crank arm 44.
Further details of the retainer 120, the one or more spaces 130, and the wrist pin 110 are shown in
As shown, the retainer 120 is a clamp that is positioned on the distal end 118 of the wrist pin 110 by clamping two or more portions 122a-b together on the pin 110. The portions 122a-b are hinged by one or more hinges 124, and free ends 126 of the portions 122a-b affix together with a fastener 128, such as a clamping bolt. The retainer or clamp 120 has an opening 125 with an internal shouldered profile defined therein. As discussed in more detail below, this internal shouldered profile in the opening 125 is configured to engage an external shouldered profile on the pin 110.
The one or more spacers 130, including the tensioning bolts 140 and the one or more spacer rings or washers 150, are used to adjustably space the clamp 120 relative to the second side of the crank arm 44. In effect, the tensioning bolts 140 and the one or more spacer washers 150 are used to adjust the tension on the wrist pin 110 by adjusting the tension between the clamp 120 and the second side of the crank arm 44, as discussed below.
Preferably, a plurality of the tensioning bolts 140 are arranged symmetrically about the opening 125 in the clamp 120 to adjust the clamp 120 relative to the side of the crank arm 44. For example, four or more of the bolts 140 can be used, but other implementations are possible.
Examples of external shouldered profiles on the wrist pin 110 are shown in
Examples of retainers or clamps 120 are shown in
In
As noted, the clamp 120 is hinged on one side by a hinge 124 to allow the portions 122a-b of the retainer 120 to open. For example, the clamp 120 can include two halves 122a-b, but any number of portions can be used. As noted, a clamping bolt 128 locks the retainer's portions 122a-b together. The clamping bolt 128 can be either perpendicular as shown in
In
Once the clamp 120 disclosed herein in
For installation, the clamp 120 is clamped onto the profiled end 118 of the of the wrist pin 110, and the clamping bolt 128 affixes the clamp 120 closed. The one or more spacers 130 are used to adjust the tension between the clamp 120 and the crank arm 44 for holding the wrist pin 110 in place. For instance, an initial washer 150 may or may not be installed on the end of the wrist pin 110 extending from the wrist pin hole 45′ in the crank arm 44 before the clamp 120 is clamped on the wrist pin 110.
Tensioning bolts 140 are threaded on the clamp 120 to push against the washer 150 (or crank arm 44 if the washer 150 is not used). Torquing of the bolts 140 adjust the tension between the clamp 120 and the crank arm 44 for holding the wrist pin 110 in place. Yet, torquing of the bolts 140 may pull the wrist pin 110 further through the wrist pin hole 45′, increasing a gap between the clamp 120 and the side of the crank arm 44. A given installation may be configured to have a maximum gap.
If the gap exceeds the maximum, the bolts 140 and the clamp 120 can be removed so another washer 150 can be installed on the end of the wrist pin 110 to decrease the spacing. For example, multiple washers 150 of the same or different thickness can be stacked on the wrist pin 110 to reduce the gap, or a single washer 150 of a designed thickness 150 can be used for a particular gap separation.
Once the one or more washers 150 are installed to reduce the gap, the process can be repeated in which the clamp 120 is clamped again on the profiled end 118 and the tensioning bolts 140 are torqued. The tensioning bolts 140 can be torqued with a ratchet wrench to a predetermined torque value that depends on the installation. The distribution of the torque values is preferably symmetric about the clamp 120, and the distal ends of the tensioning bolts 140 preferably extend equal distances from the front face 121 of the clamp 120 adjacent the washer(s) 150 (or the surface of the cam arm).
Preferably, a minimum gap is achieved between the clamp 120 and the one or more washers 150 (or the surface of the cam arm). In the installation process, different numbers of washers 150 or different thickness of washers 150 can be used, and tensioning bolts 140 of different lengths can be used as the gap is decreased. For example, shorter bolts 140 can be used for the reduced gap so that less of the bolts extend beyond the back face 123 of the clamp 120. As will be appreciated, other steps associated with a wrist pin bearing assembly can be performed during the installation process, and they are not detailed here.
Because the clamp 120 does not have threads engaging the wrist pin 110, the clamp 120 is not subject to galling. Moreover, corrosion is not expected to interfere with removal of the clamp 120. Additionally, the grooves, ribs, and other shoulders 119a-b, 129a-b on the wrist pin 110 and the clamp 120 do not have to be machined. Instead, they can be cast, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs. The clamp 120 is intended to be simple to install, is not intended to back out like a conventional nut, does not require an extremely large hammer wrench to install, and is cost effective.
The foregoing description of preferred and other embodiments is not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the inventive concepts conceived of by the Applicants. It will be appreciated with the benefit of the present disclosure that features described above in accordance with any embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter can be utilized, either alone or in combination, with any other described feature, in any other embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
In exchange for disclosing the inventive concepts contained herein, the Applicants desire all patent rights afforded by the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims include all modifications and alterations to the full extent that they come within the scope of the following claims or the equivalents thereof.
