This invention relates to multi-chamber syringes and, in particular, to multi-chamber syringes which employ conventional syringes and which dispense fluid sequentially from multiple chambers disposed within a single syringe barrel.
Two recent U.S. patents disclose multi-chamber, sequential dose dispensing syringes from a conventional syringe barrel. A first is U.S. Pat. No. 6,997,910 B2, titled MULTI-CHAMBER, SEQUENTIAL DOSE DISPENSING SYRINGE was filed May 3, 2004 and issued Feb. 14, 2006 to Michael Wallace Howlett, et al. (Howlett 910). A second is U.S. Pat. No. 7,048,720 B1, titled MULTI-CHAMBER, SEQUENTIAL DOSE DISPENSING SYRINGE was filed Nov. 22, 2005 and issued May 23, 2006 to Gale H. Thorne, Jr., et al. (Thorne 720).
Thorne 720 recites that, “During the last forty years, parenteral drug delivery has become increasingly common and sophisticated. It is currently estimated that nearly 90% of hospital patients receive IV medications, often through a variety of apparatus, including expensive electronic IV pumps and multi-channel infusion systems. Home care patients may receive antibiotics through an elastomeric “ball” pump . . . . ”
“Virtually all IV medications, administered through a catheter or IV tubing, must be flushed into the vascular system with saline or a similar physiologically compatible flushing fluid. Such flushing assures that a patient receives a full dose of medication, some of which otherwise might remain in the associated IV tubing or catheter. Flushing also assures that a subsequently infused incompatible medication does not come in contact with a previous one. It is well known in the infusion art that flush solutions are also used to keep an infusion line patent or open.
With rising healthcare costs, and an ever increasing shortage of nurses and pharmacists, there is a strong motivation to streamline basic procedures, such as IV catheter flushing to save clinician time. Noting that flushing usually necessitates use of a second flushing syringe (which is often currently factory pre-filled), the flushing syringe represents added cost, not only in clinician time, but in terms of required additional syringes. Use of multiple syringes also increases risk of medication error (incorrect selection of flushing liquid) and introduction of microorganisms (a function of number of IV line or catheter accesses).
As an example, it is currently estimated that there are over 500 million antibiotic and chemotherapy medications administered annually in the United States. Each of these administrations are taught to require a follow-on flush, currently necessitating use of a second syringe in most cases. Combining antibiotic or chemotherapy and flush medications in one multi-chamber, sequential dose syringe promises to save over 500 million syringes, yearly in the United States alone, plus that additional time required for two syringe delivery.
Multi-chamber syringes in various forms are well known. Commonly, multi-chamber syringes are offered for use as mixing syringes and for sequential delivery of disparate fluids, maintaining the fluids as disparate entities until delivered.” Applicants of this instant invention concur with the above disclosed assessment.
As also taught in Thorne 720, “Generally, within each serial delivery syringe, chambers are separated by an intermediate sliding stopper which receives motive force communicated through an intermediate fluid from a primary stopper which is part of a plunger assembly against which an external force is applied. For disparate fluids to be dispensed sequentially or serially, each intermediate stopper must provide a fluid-tight seal until all fluid from a distal chamber is evacuated from the syringe. Once the distal chamber of the syringe is so purged, that intermediate stopper must be breached or bypassed to permit dispensing of the contents of a proximal or intermediate chamber.”
Further, as initially disclosed in Howlett 910, “When pre-filled doses are stored in the proximal chamber for ultimate use, it is not uncommon for gas (most commonly air) to collect in a non-[in]significant (corrected in Thorne 720) bubble size there inside. It is not good medical practice to dispense that gas into a patient line (e.g. an IV line). To preclude such an occurrence, the body comprises a gas separator. The gas separator is formed in a centrally disposed portion of the body and may be made as a hollow frustoconical shape, being open at the bottom. A series of very small, closely spaced holes are dispersed about the conical sides of the separator. The top of the frustoconical shape is closed except for a hole which is sufficiently large to permit purging gas from the separator. The open bottom of the separator (frustoconical shape) is disposed distally within the valved stopper into contact with the inner surface of the stopper about the slit. An outwardly projecting rim about the bottom of the separator provides an interlocking surface for a complimentary groove molded into the valved stopper about the slit.”
It should be noted that solution for the problem of retaining gas within the proximal chamber as disclosed in Howlett 910 and Thorne 720 is an intermediary filter which passes liquid, but not gas. Such a filter must be purged of gas either in a manufacturing process or by other action prior to dispensing liquid from the proximal chamber. Thorne 720 discloses a slitted dome valve which inverts to an open state when the intermediate sliding stopper contacts the proximal face of an associated syringe barrel. It is Applicants' opinion that the filter disclosed in Howlett 910 and Thorne 720 can only be injection molded in relatively low cavitation molds, therefore limiting production efficiency and leading to increased cost. Similarly, a requirement to slit a molded part requires at least one additional step after molding, again leading to increased cost.
Another example of a multi-chamber syringe, as disclosed in Thorne 720, is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,230 titled SYRINGE CONSTRUCTION and issued May 29, 1990 to Frederick W. Pfleger (Pfleger). Pfleger discloses a distortable piston which is used as the intermediate stopper. A side of the piston of Pfleger collapses upon contact with a distal end of a syringe resulting in a fluid pathway to dispense contents from the proximal chamber.
Further, as disclosed in Thorne 720, while a syringe made, as an example, according to Pfleger provides a method for sequentially dispensing disparate fluids, a series of concerns would necessarily be associated with using such a syringe to dispense sequential doses of medications. A first concern arises when considering distal chamber dead space. For, when it is recognized that such a syringe may be desired to be used to dispense an accurately measured dose of a very expensive medication into an IV apparatus from a distal chamber of a multi-chamber syringe, dead space becomes an important issue. Also, immediately following dispensing of a first medication, a volume of a follow-on solution is dispensed through the IV line to fully flush the first solution.
Clearly, a deformable piston, having a hollow portion, such as the stopper of Pfleger does not have zero dead space. Also, it is well known that filling procedures for contents of the proximal chamber may permit a quantity of air (or other gas) to be trapped therein. It may be noted that even if such gas is not trapped during filling, free gas may be found in the proximal chamber simply as a result of out-gassing. Pfleger does not teach any means for purging the proximal chamber of gas or of retaining any gas in the proximal chamber while only dispensing liquid therefrom, making such a system unacceptable for delivering intravenous liquid medications to a patient. While other art may provide more effective ways to deal with dead space issues, only Howlett 910 and Thorne 720 teach a way of delivering only liquid from the proximal or intermediate chambers. That such may be a problem is recognized by U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,420 titled BYPASS, PRESSURIZED PISTON FOR CHAMBERS issued Aug. 17, 1993, also to Frederick W. Pfleger, discloses a valved plunger which may be used to evacuate gas from a proximal syringe chamber.
Another U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,024 titled MULTI-LIQUID MEDICAMENT DELIVERY SYSTEM WITH REFLEX VALVES issued Mar. 29, 1994 to Frank Richmond (Richmond) also discloses a sequential delivery syringe. Richmond utilizes a nipple integral with and disposed at the internal distal end of a syringe barrel to activate a valve assembly. No teachings or other matter associated with retarding dispensing gas from a chamber proximal to a valve assembly is provided in Richmond.
Thorne 720 cites additional art, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,027,481 issued Feb. 22, 2000 to Laurent Barrelle, et al. (Barrelle) and 5,851,200 issued Dec. 22, 1998 to Tetsure Higashikawa, et al. (Hagashikawa) disclose multi-chamber syringes with sliding valves. However, in each case, Barrelle and Higashikawa teach special structure syringe barrel requirements (a channel in the case of Barrelle and a bulge in the case of Higashikawa) which provide a fluid pathway about a stopper.
Another U.S. Pat. No. 6,723,074 B1, titled SEQUENTIAL DELIVERY SYRINGE and issued Apr. 20, 2004 to Thor R. Halseth (Halseth), and also cited by Thorne 720, teaches a sequential delivery syringe which utilizes a modification for providing access to a rear chamber of a two chamber syringe. The modification comprises a piercing member at the distal syringe portal. The piercing member punctures a “mid-piston” and a collapsible bag disposed in a rear chamber to provide access to fluid in the bag. Proximal chamber access occurs when the mid-piston is displaced by action of a plunger and stopper piston to cause the mid-piston and bag to contact the piercing member.
Following is a brief list of clarifying definitions for terms used in this application:
assembly n: a device which is made from at least two interconnected parts
barrel n: a cylindrical elongated portion of a syringe which is conventionally open on one end to receive a plunger tip and plunger rod assembly used for displacing fluid within the barrel and partially closed at an opposite end except for an orifice or portal through which fluid is ejected or aspirated
bi-stable adj: a descriptor for a device having two stable states
bulbous adj: a mass which is sufficiently large in cross section to fill a hole
chamber n: a volumetric portion of a divided barrel
conduit sleeve n: an elongated tube affixed to a stopper whereby liquid is discharged from a chamber of a syringe
conventional adj: sanctioned by general custom; i.e. commonplace, ordinary
disparate n: when used in conjunction with a liquid volume, a volume of liquid which is distinctly separate from another liquid volume
differential pressure (ΔP) n: a pressure gradient resulting from unequal pressures exerted upon opposing sides of a structure; generally as used herein, ΔP=Pp−Pd
distal adj: a term which depicts placement away from a reference point (e.g. away from a user of a syringe)
downstream adj: a direction which is consistent with flow out of a syringe or away from a user
fluid n: a substance (e.g. a liquid or gas) which tends to take the shape of a container
front adj/n: distally disposed or a distally disposed site (e.g. a front of a syringe comprises the barrel orifice)
gas n: a fluid which is neither solid nor liquid
liquid n: a fluid which is neither solid nor gaseous, free flowing like water
liquid zone n: a space within a syringe barrel which can only be physically occupied by liquid
non-planar adj: not planar in a resting or stable state
medial adj: occurring away from an outer edge; disposed near the center of (e.g. disposed away from an edge or periphery and in the vicinity of a center of gravity or axis of symmetry)
Pd n: pressure in a distal chamber
plunger rod n: a portion of a syringe piston apparatus, usually affixed to a plunger tip, to which force is applied to displace fluid within a syringe barrel
plunger tip n: a portion of a syringe piston apparatus usually affixed to a plunger rod which is used to displace fluid within a syringe barrel
prime v: to fill liquid into a cavity generally by removing air therefrom (e.g. priming a gas separator)
Pp n: pressure in a proximal chamber
proximal adj: opposite of distal (e.g. a term which depicts placement nearer to a reference point)
rear adj: opposite from front (i.e. generally associated with a part of a syringe barrel which is proximal to a syringe user)
reflux n: a type of undesired retrograde (upstream) flow of liquid (e.g. blood) into a catheter or the like from a vessel in which the catheter or the like resides
state n: a mode or condition of matter, e.g. gaseous, liquid or solid
stiction n: a special case of friction; stiction being the force required to initiate motion to a resting body, esp. when that force is greater than friction associated with a moving body
stop n: an obstruction which is differentiated from friction or stiction which halts displacement of a stopper or plunger
stopper n: a plunger associated with an assembly in a syringe which divides a portion of conventional syringe barrel into two disparate chambers, in the instant invention, the stopper providing a closed, but selectively openable pathway for liquid flow.
syringe n: a device used for injecting or withdrawing fluids
upstream adj: a direction which is against the direction of flow from a syringe (opposite of downstream)
valve stem n: an elongated part which fits within a conduit sleeve of a stopper and provides a part of a normally closed valve
In concert with the requirement of retaining gas in a more proximal chamber of a multi-chamber syringe, this invention provides unique constraints, structures and methods for sequentially dispensing liquids from each chamber of a syringe while assuring gas will not pass from the more proximal chamber.
The multi-chamber syringe apparatus according to the instant invention employs a conventional syringe barrel having an internal surface which is concentrically disposed about an elongated medial axis. In such syringes, the barrel surface has an open proximal end and a distal end having a closed interior about an orifice through which fluid is transferred.
Further, the multi-chamber syringe employs a plunger rod and plunger tip combination disposed to be displaced within said barrel by application of a directional force against said plunger rod for dislocating fluid thereby as is the case for conventional syringes.
The multi-chamber syringe configuration is formed by a discharge assembly disposed within the barrel between the plunger tip and the distal end. In this manner, a proximal chamber is created between the discharge assembly and plunger tip and a disparate distal chamber is provided between the discharge assembly and the closed interior surface.
A pre-fillable proximal chamber comprises space for fluid which comprises a gas globule (or globules) being limited, in total, to a predetermined volume, thereby only filling a portion of the chamber, and a quantity of liquid which fills space in the proximal chamber not taken by the gas.
The discharge assembly comprises a normally closed valve which is opened upon collision of the discharge assembly against the distal end of the syringe. Structure of the discharge assembly takes advantage of different state characteristics between gas and liquid residing within an elongated cylindrical chamber (e.g. the proximal chamber) to provide a liquid zone which is free of gas.
A conduit sleeve disposed in communication with the liquid zone through an access portal on a proximal end of the conduit sleeve and a normally closed valve, when opened, selectively, only permits liquid to be discharged from the proximal chamber. The valve is opened by collision of the discharge assembly with the distal end of the syringe.
In a preferred embodiment, the normally closed valve is an integral constituent of the discharge assembly. The discharge assembly preferably consists of two parts, a stopper and an elongated valve stem. The stopper generally has cylindrical exterior sides which are sized and shaped to provide a sliding seal at the interior wall interface of the syringe barrel.
Interiorly, the stopper is hollow, except for a distally disposed face section which is closed except for a medially disposed through hole and an elongated open tube affixed about the through hole and extending proximally to form the conduit sleeve which ends at an open portal, which is disposed within a liquid zone in the proximal chamber. (The liquid zone is medially disposed within the proximal chamber and is a natural consequence of gas being immiscible and much lighter than liquid and therefore being continuously thrust upward, against gravity, toward the highest point along the interior sides of the syringe barrel. Thereby, gas, of restricted volume, is physically evacuated from a predetermined medially disposed space or liquid zone.) In a device configured to meet requirements of the instant invention, the liquid zone occupies a proximally disposed space along the long medial axis of the barrel, a predetermined distance from the distal face of the stopper.
In a preferred embodiment, the stopper is molded of a pliant, elastic incompressible material, such as an elastomer. Thus, a portion of the stopper can be displaced to a different shape when a rigid member is forcibly imposed upon that portion, but memory within the stopper causes that portion to return to substantially the original shape when the rigid member is removed.
The valve stem is disposed through the conduit sleeve and through hole such that a distal end of the valve stem extends distally out of the through hole to provide an impact point between the discharge assembly and distal end of the syringe. A portion of the valve stem therefor resides within the through hole. That portion comprises a preferably bulbous section which is fully disposed within the through hole to displace a portion of sides of the through hole, providing a seal until removed. When the distal end of the valve stem collides with the distal end of the syringe, the valve stem is forcibly displaced proximally relative to the stopper, forcing the bulbous section outward from the through hole. Constricting material about space from which the bulbous section is displaced produces additional force to expel the bulbous section from the through hole. Once the bulbous section is fully expelled from the through hole, the conduit sleeve and through hole are opened for liquid flow from the portal and liquid zone. Thus, the valve stem and stopper, in combination, form a normally closed valve which is opened as a bistable valve upon impact of the discharge assembly with the distal end of the syringe.
Of course, it is critical that all contents of the distal chamber of the syringe be emptied before the valve opens. Such is accomplished through the use of memory of the stopper elastomer and shape of the bulbous section of the valve stem. Upon collision of the distal end of the valve stem and distal end of the barrel and following collision of the distal face of the stopper, the bulbous section is only partially removed from the through hole and the valve is not yet opened. After collision of the stopper and syringe distal end, pressure placed upon the stopper via the plunger rod further impacts stopper material about the through hole, providing lateral differential pressures which “squeeze” the bulbous section from the through hole, finally opening the valve.
To expedite expulsion of the bulbous section from the through hole, the bulbous section comprises a convex face toward the hole, which is accelerated from the through hole as stopper material memory shrinks sides of the through hole to substantially original size and shape.
To assure proper disposition of the open portal in the liquid zone, the valve stem preferably comprises a set of orthogonally disposed, proximal extensions which contact the interior wall of the syringe to align the valve stem along the medial axis of the barrel. The valve stem may be made from polypropylene or other material like that from which the barrel of the syringe is made.
In summary, the discharge assembly:
Accordingly, it is a primary object to provide a discharge assembly which partitions a conventional commercial syringe to make a multi-chamber syringe.
It is a fundamental object to provide a discharge assembly for a syringe which keeps two disparate fluids apart until one of the fluids has been dispensed from the syringe.
It is an important object to provide a discharge assembly which has a low dead space for liquid dispensed from a distal chamber.
It is a principal object to retain a predetermined volume of gas disposed in a chamber proximal to the discharge assembly in the proximal chamber while dispensing only liquid from the proximal chamber.
It is yet another object to provide a valve actuator within the discharge assembly which senses collision between the discharge assembly and an inner surface at the end of a syringe to force an associated valve open.
It is a critical object to provide a bi-stable valve as part of the discharge assembly.
It is another primary object to provide a discharge assembly which opens to dispense liquid from a proximal chamber only after liquid from a distal chamber has been dispensed.
It is a basic object to provide a discharge assembly which deters gas from being dispensed from the proximal chamber.
It is an object to provide an interface between a stopper and an associated rigid valve stem such that displacement of the stopper likewise displaces the rigid valve stem.
It is an object to provide a multi-chamber syringe having a front chamber which may be used in substantially the same manner as a conventional syringe prior to dispensing fluid from the proximal chamber.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description taken with reference to accompanying drawings.
Reference is now made to embodiments illustrated in
Prior art syringes (as exemplified by syringe 10) in
As seen in
An exploded view of sequential delivery syringe 10′ comprising a syringe barrel 20, a discharge assembly 70 and a plunger rod 30 and plunger tip 40 is seen in
Plunger part 100 is seen in cross section in
Plunger part 100 is likewise molded to be oversized relative to syringe barrel 20, with outside ringed cylindrical face 134 comprising ridges 136 and grooves 138 designed for wiping and sealing. A distal frustoconical face 140 is closed except for a distal opening 142 of through hole 120. Generally, face 140 is sized and shaped to conform with a distal internal surface 143 of syringe barrel 20 (See
Proximal to face 140, part 100 comprises a thickened portion 144 which has an inner wall 146 which defines a distal segment 148 of hole 120. Proximal from portion 144, a hollow tubular section 150 extends proximally to a most proximal edge 160 to form a conduit sleeve. Tubular section 150 comprises a hollow 162 which communicates and shares a common longitudinal axis with distal segment 148. Hollow 162 comprises a cross section which is larger than the joining cross section of distal segment 148.
Plunger part 100 further comprises a hollow cylindrical side member 164 which provides inward support for face 134. Side member 164 is proximally open and distally closed by portion 144. Medially, tubular section 150 extends distally from portion 144 to form a washer shaped cavity 170 about tubular section 150.
As seen in
Further bulbous member 190 comprises at least one distally disposed groove 192 which is sufficient in cross section that liquid can flow therethrough. Distal from bulbous member 190, stem portion 180 extends to provide a trigger which is sized and shaped to collide with the associated distal internal surface 143 of syringe barrel 20. Note that juxtaposed sides 196 and 196′ are separated to define a duct 198 which is contiguous with groove 192 thereby permitting distal fluid flow. Thus, when bulbous member 190 is fully enclosed within hole 148, no fluid can flow and a seal thereby created an associated valve is closed.
However, when that portion of bulbous member 190 is displaced to provide fluid access to groove 192 fluid can flow through from hollow 162 through groove 192 and duct 198 to be dispensed from syringe barrel 20. It should be further noted that hollow 162 must be large enough in cross section to permit flow about bulbous member 190 into groove 192. An elongated rib 193 (see
Valve stem 110 is preferably made from a rigid synthetic resinous material. To reduce material concerns relative to biological materials, it is preferred to make valve stem 110 from the same material used in syringe barrel 20.
Reference is now made to
Distal displacement ultimately results in collision of at least one end 199 or 199′ with surface 143. When such occurs, valve stem 110 is sequentially displaced as seen in
In
Reference is now made to
A schematic representation of a discharge assembly 70 disposed in a syringe barrel 20 is seen in
In
Note also, that groove 192 is disposed on the distal side of bulbous member 190. So disposed, groove 192 only provides an open valve state when member 190 is more than half displaced out of hole 148 into hole 162, as may be seen in
Assurance that groove 192 is cleared when bulbous member 190 is so displaced stems from the nature of the synthetic resinous material used in plunger 100. Such material, being elastic, incompressible and resilient tends to resume a shape from which it was distorted once the cause of distortion is removed. Therefore, as bulbous member 190 is proximally displaced relative to plunger 100, resiliency of plunger 100 material tends to contract about the distal side of member 190 resulting in a proximal acceleration of bulbous member 190 and associated valve stem 110. Such acceleration acts like a forcing spring to make action of opening the valve substantially binary and permitting distal chamber to be totally cleared as plunger 100 is displaced to contact syringe barrel front surface 143. The resulting valve opening provides a fluid flow path through hole 162 and, from there, through hole 198 to be discharged from syringe barrel 20 through barrel orifice 210.
As mentioned supra, it is a principal object to retain a predetermined volume of gas disposed in a chamber proximal to the discharge assembly in the proximal chamber while dispensing only liquid from the proximal chamber. In other words, any gas resident in chamber 50 must remain in chamber 50 when liquid is dispensed therefrom. Fundamental physical properties of gas/liquid interfaces, when such a fluid mix is disposed within a cylindrical housing, provides a novel approach for delivering only liquid from a distal syringe chamber, such as chamber 50.
Reference is made to
Rotation, at thirty degree intervals, through the remaining portion of 360 degrees is seen in
Reference is now made to
Referring again to
Because plunger part 100 opens proximally, there is some jeopardy that stiction will cause leakage about ridges 136 and grooves 138 of ringed cylindrical face 134 when displacing part 100 after long term storage. To allay that possibility, a hollow support cylinder, such as cylinder 300, may be inserted into plunger 100, along dashed lines 302 and 304. An inserted cylinder 300 is seen in
This invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of this invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3736932 | Satchell | Jun 1973 | A |
4929230 | Pfleger | May 1990 | A |
5236420 | Pfleger | Aug 1993 | A |
5298024 | Richmond | Mar 1994 | A |
5713857 | Grimard et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
5743886 | Lynn et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
5899881 | Grimard et al. | May 1999 | A |
6077252 | Siegel | Jun 2000 | A |
6723074 | Halseth | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6997910 | Howlett | Feb 2006 | B2 |
7048720 | Thorne, Jr. | May 2006 | B1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20090062740 A1 | Mar 2009 | US |