1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for maintaining a user afloat in a fluid. More particularly, the present invention relates to multi-chambered flotation devices that maintain a user floating in a fluid body.
2. Background of the Invention
Flotation devices have been used generally by passengers on sea vessels and lifeguards. Such devices promote flotation of the user typically by containing a pocket of air that helps to float a user at water level. Although such devices assist a user in maintaining afloat in water, the general shape and bulkiness of such devices tend to be so uncomfortable to the user that the user may choose not to wear such a device.
One type of a flotation device is a flotation collar, which keeps users afloat and decreases chances of drowning. Such collars are more specifically worn around the neck area and attempt to maintain the user's upper torso at or above water level. However, even such flotation collars are bulky and restrictive. If a wearer has a flotation collar around his or her neck, the wearer's movements are usually confined and defined by the shape and bulkiness of the flotation collar.
Flotation devices, such as a flotation collar, that have a single air chamber will fail to support a wearer if the chamber is punctured. Thus, if the unitary air chamber is non-functional, the user will not be assisted by the flotation device and will even have the extra weight burden of the device while trying to keep afloat.
Flotation collars that have redundant air chambers may not support the wearer in a stable, face-up position if one of the chambers is ruptured. Some of these devices, for example, are fabricated from materials that are very soft. Thus, if only one of the chambers is inflated, it is unlikely that the collar can support an unconscious or exhausted wearer in a face-up position because the soft material will crumble under the weight of the wearer which may result in the unconscious wearer's face remaining under water.
Furthermore, some flotation collars require the user to disassemble the unit into its separate components for cleaning and drying any time the collars get wet. This added burden of collar maintenance may not be followed by the wearer, and therefore result in degradation of the components of the collar. Such collars that are not maintained properly may not be functional when the need arises to keep a wearer afloat, which may result in drowning.
Furthermore, some wearers may need an additional assurance that a flotation device has a very low profile shape. Such wearers include military personnel who may have a lot of additional equipment to carry. Thus, a flotation device that requires too much room on a soldier's body may prevent the soldier from transporting other needed equipment, and hinder the arm movement of the soldier.
Accordingly, a need exists for a flotation collar that is comfortable to wear, easy to maintain, compatible with other survival gear, provides immediate support using redundant inflation components, provides stable support if one of the flotation cells fails, and maintains the wearer's head above water in a comfortable position.
The present invention is an environmentally-sealed flotation device housing multiple independent flotation cells. The flotation cells may be inflated using, for example, mechanically activated compressed CO2 gas, one or more oral inflators, or the like. Other means for activating inflation of the device include, but are not limited to, automatic inflating devices that activate upon sensing moisture, pressure or altitude. Remote control devices also may be used to trigger activation of the flotation cells.
The flotation device has independent chambers, providing redundancy should one of the cells fail, for example, due to a rupture, leak, or failure of the inflation mechanism. Additionally, because of the positioning and design of the independent chambers, even if only one cell is inflated, support is provided on multiple sides of the wearer's body. Thus, if one of the cells fails or is punctured, the flotation collar has an inherent design that will maintain the wearer's head above water and orient the wearer face-up in the water. This positioning allows even an unconscious, injured, or exhausted wearer to breathe properly when such a person may have lost the ability to maintain his or head above water.
An exemplary embodiment includes two handles, for example, a left handle and a right handle, to mechanically activate the inflation mechanisms of two independent flotation cells. Both cells are automatically inflated with compressed CO2 gas when either one or both handles are pulled. Each handle has the ability to activate multiple cell chambers. Thus, if one of the user's hands is injured and non-functional, the user may use the other hand to pull the handle that triggers the activation mechanism in the multiple cells.
The method of vacuum-and-pressure extraction of air from the environmentally-sealed cover is described in detail below and depicted in the attached figures and drawings. Vacuum sealing the flotation collar provides several benefits. One benefit of vacuum sealing is to protect the flotation cells and activation mechanism from dirt, water and other debris. Another benefit is to reduce the volume of the flotation collar (when deflated), thus making the collar more comfortable to wear, more maneuverable and less conspicuous. As described below and in the drawings, some exemplary embodiments of the present invention use a series of straps as attachment mechanisms for the environmentally-sealed cover.
Another exemplary embodiment of the flotation collar includes attachment mechanisms that integrate the flotation collar with an auxiliary belt and survival vest, parachute harness assembly, or other equipment that a user may wear.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a flotation collar. The flotation collar includes an outer protective cover, an environmentally sealed cover, multiple inflatable flotation cells, and means for inflating the flotation cells, wherein a wearer is maintained in a substantially face up position in a body of liquid when the flotation cells are inflated, and wherein the wearer continues to be maintained in a substantially face up position if one of the flotation cells fails to inflate or becomes deflated.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a flotation device. The device includes a first inflatable cell, a second inflatable cell having no fluid communication with the first cell, an activation device for activating one or more the cells, wherein the cells are partially constructed of rigid materials, and when the cells are inflated to a certain pressure, a wearer will be rotated in a face-up position while floating in a fluid body, and wherein the wearer continues to be maintained in a substantially face up position if one of the flotation cells fails to inflate or becomes deflated.
Yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a flotation device. The device includes multiple means for maintaining a user afloat in a fluid, means for activating any of the multiple means for maintaining, means for maintaining a user's body in a substantially upright position in the fluid, and means for housing the multiple means for maintaining in a substantially compact geometry.
In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is a flotation device. The device includes multiple flotation cells, each flotation cell independently capable of maintaining a wearer substantially face up and afloat in a fluid, a compressed gas container, and multiple activation mechanisms, each activation mechanism capable of activating the compressed gas cylinder to release gas into all of the flotation cells.
Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a flotation device. The device includes two flotation cells, each flotation cell independently capable of maintaining a wearer substantially face up and afloat in a fluid, a common wall between the two flotation cells, the common wall having a limited area such that should one cell not inflate, then the other cell maintains the wearer in a face-up position in a body of fluid, a compressed gas container, and multiple activation mechanisms, each activation mechanism capable of activating the compressed gas cylinder to release gas into all of the flotation cells.
a and 1b are schematic diagrams of a rear view and front view, respectively, of an assembly having multiple flotation cells according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
a and 2b are diagrams of perspective views, from the rear and the front, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
a and 6b are schematic diagrams of rear and front views, respectively, of an exemplary outer cover of the present invention.
c-e are schematic diagrams of exemplary straps and exemplary hardware used to attach the straps to the flotation cells.
f is a schematic diagram of exemplary folded flotation cells.
g is a schematic diagram of an exemplary environmentally-sealed cover.
h is a schematic diagram of exemplary straps connected to an outer cover and illustrates how the straps are threaded through an exemplary environmentally-sealed cover.
a and 8b are schematic diagrams of the back and top side, respectively, of an exemplary inflation mechanism, pull cords, and cylinders of compressed CO2 gas.
a and 11b are schematic diagrams of an exemplary activation assembly attached to an environmentally-sealed cover.
a and 14b are schematic diagrams of the top and bottom, respectively, of an exemplary environmentally-sealed cover.
a and 15b are schematic diagrams of front and back views, respectively, of exemplary attachment straps sewn onto attachment tabs protruding from an exemplary environmentally-sealed cover.
a, 16b, and 16c are schematic diagrams showing an exemplary environmentally-sealed cover being installed inside an outer protective cover.
a and 17b are schematic diagrams of the front and back views, respectively, of a completely assembled exemplary flotation collar.
Flotation collars are described generally in U.S. Pat. No. 5,692,933 to Bradley, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Related art patents may disclose flotation collars having several independent compartments, such that if one of the compartments were to fail, the remaining compartments (if inflated) would still support the wearer in the water. However, in those devices, support is only provided from the neck up, such that the wearer would be positioned face-forward in the water. Also, some related art devices provide only unstable support if one of the air chambers were to fail, making it more difficult for the wearer to keep his or her head above water in a face-up position. Additionally, some of these devices, for example, are designed in a way that results in a variable center of buoyancy within a single cell if one of the cells fails. This inconsistent balance of the buoyancy in the cell reduces the ability of the collar to rotate an unconscious or exhausted wearer to a face-up position. Additionally, prior art flotation collars require the user to disassemble the unit when it needs to be either cleaned and dried.
The present invention is a multi-chambered flotation device. The shape and positioning of the inflatable cells and the material used to construct the device, among other features, ensure that the wearer's head is supported above water in a face-up position. The redundant chambers ensure that the wearer's head will still be supported if one of the chambers is punctured, fails to inflate or is otherwise not fully inflated.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown in
A first cell 110 extends from outer seal 111 to inner seal 113. A second cell 120 extends from outer seal 112 to inner seal 114. The cells may be fabricated, for example, from a synthetic fabric coated on one or more sides with vinyl. Inflation valve stem 151 and 152, shown in
In this exemplary embodiment, first cell 110 and second cell 120 have a common wall 115, that extends from seals outer seal 112 to inner seal 113. This common wall 115 forms a portion of the rear of the first cell 110 and the front of the second cell 120. The area of common wall 115 is limited, thus ensuring that should one cell be punctured, fail to fill or is otherwise not fully functional, then the other (fully-inflated) cell retains its overall shape and rigidity, maintaining the wearer in a face-up position above the water.
b is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of the flotation device 100 shown in
The oral inflators 170 are back up systems in the exemplary device 100 shown in the figures. However, such oral inflators 170 may be the primary means for inflating the cells. Furthermore, although two oral inflators 170 are shown in the exemplary embodiments, only one is sufficient, or more than one may be used. The oral inflators 170 may be used when the gas cylinders that automatically inflate the cells are not functioning or are damaged. The wearer may access the oral inflator and blow into it thereby manually inflating the cells. Two oral inflators 170 are shown in the figures so that if one of the wearer's hands or arms is damaged, the wearer may use the other hand or arm to guide the oral inflator to his or her mouth and initiate manual inflation. Furthermore, each inflator 170 is preferably equipped with a mechanism, such as, for example, a one-way valve, that promotes air flow in one direction only and prevents back flow of air. This will prevent air that is blown into the cells from escaping.
When inflated, the multiple cells of the flotation device 100 result in multi-layers of gas-filled compartments, as shown in
Oral inflators 170, which are used in the exemplary embodiment as a redundant method of inflating the cells, are positioned generally below the wearer's mouth so that they are easily accessible by the wearer if such occasion arises. However, other positions for the inflators 170 is possible, such as higher on the device 100 and right next to the wearer's mouth to ease access.
The exemplary stem 151 is shown in
In one exemplary embodiment shown, the initiation trigger is a pulling of activation strings that both assist in ripping open the sealed cover 500 at respective tear lines and at the same time trigger the compressed gas canisters to release their gas into the cells 110 and 120 through gas connectors that communicate with the cells through stems 151 and 152, respectively. However, the sealed cover 500 may not be desired to tear open at all such that the sealed cover is designed to be big enough to maintain multiple inflated cells within it, but is folded when not expanded due to inflation of the cells. If the sealed cover 500 is designed to not open at all during use, this would further protect the materials and integrity of the enclosed cells when the wearer is afloat in, for example, the ocean, and may be afloat for a long period of time before help arrives. Other mechanisms may be possible to separate the tearing process of the sealed cover 500, if needed at all, from the gas release from the compressed gas canisters.
Covering the sealed cover 500, which house the cells 110 and 120, is an outside cover, such as the exemplary outer cover 600 shown in
The outer cover 600 is typically constructed of a material that has been pre-coated with NIR dyes before such materials are made into the outer cover 600. This ensures that the NIR property of the material is an inherent property of the material and not a property that was later gained by a coating of the already constructed product. The NIR properties enable, for example, search and rescue operations to locate and save stranded wearer's who are wearing such covers 600 through use of special cameras that take advantage of such NIR properties.
Straps pass through the grommets 630 and attach the flotation collar to the wearer's vest, harness or other device. In this exemplary embodiment, beaded handles (not shown) snap into beaded handle snaps 650, as shown in
The reinforced vinyl straps 601 are attached and routed as shown in
When strap 601 is attached to attachment disk 602, the combination is then is sealed, using, for example, heat or RF, to base disk 603, as shown in
The cells are then folded, for example, accordion style, into the environmentally-sealed cover. As shown in
h shows nylon straps 605 which are sewn to straps 604 and 601 on the environmentally-sealed cover, and then threaded through grommets in the outer protective cover 600. Nylon straps 605 can then be used to attach the flotation collar to the wearer's harness, or otherwise to secure the flotation collar to the wearer. Other attaching configurations are possible as long as the flotation cells are secured to the wearer's body in a snug and secure fashion.
The front of an exemplary inflator mechanism frame 700 is shown in FIG. 7. The frame 700 has been shown in one particular exemplary embodiment but other shapes and designs are possible as long as they function in the same manner. The frame 700 has threading guide holes 720 and inflation stem holes 730 which assist in maintaining the position of the frame 700 with respect to the wearer and within the overall flotation device. Although six guide holes 720 at particular locations are shown in the Figure, any number is possible at any location as long as they function in the same manner.
Although the above components may be assembled and configured together in a variety of ways to ensure that the eventual flotation device has all of the advantages set forth in this invention, the description set forth below in connection with
As shown in
a-8b shown the assembly procedure and relationship between the cylinders of compressed CO2 gas 705 and the threaded pull cords 801. Pullcords 801 are connected to the pulltabs 550 (shown in
As shown in
a and 11b show the attachment of an exemplary inflation activation assembly to the environmentally-sealed cover. The cords 801 from the activation assembly are tied to the pull tabs 840 on the reverse side of the exemplary environmentally-sealed cover.
a and 14b show the top side and bottom side, respectively, of an exemplary embodiment of an environmentally-sealed flotation device assembly 870. After the exemplary environmentally-sealed cover is closed, air is evacuated from the unit. The unit is then sealed at the bottom of the “legs” and at the top of the environmentally-sealed cover. The top cover may be vinyl, whereas the bottom may be vinyl-coated fabric. Use of different materials for the top and the bottom serves to amplify the pressure at the tear channels, and to minimize any stretching, which would otherwise dissipate the pressure and reduce the unit's reliability.
a and 15b show the front side and back side, respectively, of an exemplary installation of attachment straps 871 and 872. The straps are standard nylon webbing attachment straps which are sewn onto the attachment tabs protruding from the environmentally-sealed cover.
As shown in
In describing representative embodiments of the invention, the specification may have presented the method and/or process of the invention as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, other sequences of steps may be possible. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. In addition, the claims directed to the method and/or process of the invention should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the invention.
The foregoing disclosure of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the claims appended hereto, and by their equivalents.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/307,392, filed Jul. 25, 2001, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1375803 | Soulliotis | Apr 1921 | A |
1385581 | Pallady | Jul 1921 | A |
1904767 | Nakamura | Apr 1933 | A |
2210809 | Gray | Aug 1940 | A |
2550562 | Hurt et al. | Apr 1951 | A |
2782430 | Radnofsky | Feb 1957 | A |
3002203 | Moran | Oct 1961 | A |
3068500 | Silverman | Dec 1962 | A |
3076207 | Manhart | Feb 1963 | A |
RE25398 | Moran | Jun 1963 | E |
3329982 | Zannoni | Jul 1967 | A |
3345657 | Peeler et al. | Oct 1967 | A |
3716882 | Middleton et al. | Feb 1973 | A |
3771183 | Moran | Nov 1973 | A |
4297758 | Moran | Nov 1981 | A |
4324234 | Maness | Apr 1982 | A |
4671775 | Hill | Jun 1987 | A |
4685890 | Edwards | Aug 1987 | A |
4865573 | Switlik, Jr. et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
5385496 | Seligman | Jan 1995 | A |
5421760 | Blaga | Jun 1995 | A |
5441367 | Toth | Aug 1995 | A |
5494469 | Heath et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5692933 | Bradley et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5779512 | Rupert | Jul 1998 | A |
5785567 | Modugno | Jul 1998 | A |
6244784 | Gordon | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6293840 | Garofalo | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6346022 | Swanby et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6589088 | Maness | Jul 2003 | B1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2082979 | Mar 1982 | GB |
62181996 | Aug 1987 | JP |
07232697 | Sep 1995 | JP |
11105786 | Apr 1999 | JP |
11124088 | May 1999 | JP |
PCTUS0223350 | Jul 2002 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20030022566 A1 | Jan 2003 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60307392 | Jul 2001 | US |