The present teachings relate generally to a strengthening member for a vehicle body or other structures. The present teachings relate more specifically to strengthening members having multi-cornered cross sections.
It is desirable, for vehicle strengthening members, to maximize impact energy absorption and bending resistance while minimizing mass per unit length of the strengthening member.
When a compressive force is exerted on a strengthening member, for example, a force due to a front impact load on a vehicle's front rail or other strengthening member in the engine compartment, the strengthening member can crush in a longitudinal direction to absorb the energy of the collision. In addition, when a bending force is exerted on a strengthening member, for example a force due to a side impact load on a vehicle's front side sill, B-pillar, or other strengthening member, the strengthening member can bend to absorb the energy of the collision.
Strengthening members have traditionally had rectangular cross sections, with an axis of maximum moment of inertia aligned with a horizontal Y axis (i.e., a lateral axis) of the member. During axial crush, however, rectangular strengthening members may be susceptible to inboard and/or outboard bending (i.e., bending in the Y plane respectively toward and/or away from a vehicle centerline) about the axis of minimum moment of inertia (i.e., the vertical axis), thereby essentially providing unilateral resistance to bending. Consequently, to absorb crush energy more efficiently, a number of non-traditional strengthening member cross sections have been developed.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,588,830, for example, discloses a strengthening member having a polygonal cross section of more than four sides, resulting in greater reliability and higher energy absorbing efficiency. A strengthening member with a basic octagonal cross section is disclosed as a preferred embodiment.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,451 discloses a strengthening member having concave portions at the four corners of the basic rectangular cross section, resulting in four U-shaped portions forming an angle of 90 degrees with each other. To avoid cracks at the concave portions at the four corners and to increase strength, the concave portions have increased thickness and hardness. Increased thickness and hardness of the corner portions is disclosed to be achievable only by drawing or hydroforming, and therefore decreases manufacturing feasibility while increasing the mass per unit length of the strengthening member.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,451 makes reference to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H8-337183, which also discloses a strengthening member having concave portions at the four corners of a basic rectangular cross section, resulting in four U-shaped portions forming an angle of 90 degrees with each other. U.S. Pat. No. 6,752,451 states that its thickened concave portions provide improved crush resistance and flexural strength over H8-337183.
It may be desirable, therefore, to provide a variety of tunable strengthening member cross sections configured to achieve strength increases (i.e., load carrying and energy absorption) over basic polygonal designs, while also allowing flexibility in design to meet a range of vehicle applications. It also may be desirable to provide strengthening member configurations which achieve similar if not greater strength increases than members with thickened corners, while minimizing the mass per unit length of a member and maintaining manufacturing feasibility.
It may further be desirable to provide strengthening members that can achieve increased energy absorption and a more stable axial collapse when forces such as front and side impact forces are exerted on the member, while also conserving mass to reduce vehicle weights and meet emission requirements.
In accordance with certain embodiments, the present teachings provide a strengthening member for an automotive vehicle. The strengthening member comprises an eight-cornered cross section including sides and corners. The sides comprise four straight sides and four curved sides. A length of each straight side ranges from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each curved side ranges from about 10 mm to about 200 mm.
In accordance with certain additional embodiments, the present teachings provide a strengthening member for an automotive vehicle. The strengthening member comprises a twelve-cornered cross section including sides and corners. The sides comprise eight straight sides and four curved sides. A length of each straight side ranges from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each curved side ranges from about 10 mm to about 200 mm.
In accordance with certain additional embodiments, the present teachings provide a strengthening member for an automotive vehicle. The strengthening member comprises a fourteen-cornered cross section including sides and corners creating twelve internal angles and two external angles. Each internal angle ranges from about 95 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle ranges from about 5 degrees to about 130 degrees.
In accordance with certain additional embodiments, the present teachings provide a strengthening member for an automotive vehicle. The strengthening member comprises a sixteen-cornered cross section including sides and corners creating twelve internal angles and four external angles. Each internal angle ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees and each external angle ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
In accordance with certain further embodiments, the present teachings provide a strengthening member for an automotive vehicle. The strengthening member comprises a twenty-cornered cross section including sides and corners creating twelve internal angles and eight external angles. Each internal angle ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees and each external angle ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
Additional objects and advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present teachings. The objects and advantages of the teachings will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain certain principles of the teachings.
At least some features and advantages of the present teachings will be apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments consistent therewith, which description should be considered with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Although the following detailed description makes reference to illustrative embodiments, many alternatives, modifications, and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the claimed subject matter be viewed broadly.
Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The various exemplary embodiments are not intended to limit the disclosure. To the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.
The present teachings contemplate providing strengthening members with multi-cornered cross sections having substantially increased stiffness throughout the sides and corners without increasing thickness within the corners. The strengthening members provide, for example, a variety of tunable parameters configured to achieve strength increases (i.e., load carrying and energy absorption) over basic polygonal designs (e.g., polygonal strengthening member cross sections having less or the same number of sides), while also allowing design flexibility to meet a range of vehicle applications. The strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings can achieve increased energy absorption and a more stable axial collapse when forces such as front and side impact forces are exerted on the strengthening member. Furthermore, the side lengths and configurations, and/or degrees of the internal and external angles, of the present teachings can achieve a similar, if not greater, strength increase as thickened corners, while minimizing mass per unit length of the member and maintaining a high manufacturing feasibility because the member can be formed by stamping, press forming, hydro-forming, molding, die casting, and extrusion.
Conventional strengthening members having basic polygonal cross sections, such as, square, rectangular, hexagonal and octagonal, etc., are generally used due to their manufacturing feasibility. Because strengthening members with multi-cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings have substantially increased strength and stiffness without requiring thicker corner portions, they also have a higher manufacturing feasibility than previously-contemplated members that have thickened corners. While still providing a desired strength, a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings can be formed in one or multiple sections by, for example, stamping, pressing, hydro-forming, molding, and extrusion. Thus-formed sections can be joined via welding, adhesive, fastening, or other known joining technologies.
Strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings can comprise, for example, steel, advanced high strength steel (AHSS), ultra high strength steel (UHSS), next generation high strength steel (NGHSS), aluminum, magnesium, fiberglass, nylon, plastic, a composite or any other suitable materials. Those of ordinary skill in the art would understand, for example, that the material used for a strengthening member may be chosen as desired based on intended application, strength/weight considerations, cost, and other design factors.
In various exemplary embodiments of the present teachings, a strengthening member may comprise an eight-cornered cross section having four straight sides and four curved sides. An exemplary embodiment of an eight-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated, for example, in
As shown in
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each straight side (Ss1-Ss4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each circular side (Sc1-Sc4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of an eight-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings, having four straight sides and four circular sides, compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
An additional exemplary embodiment of an eight-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in
As shown in
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each straight side (Ss1-Ss4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each circular side (Sc1-Sc4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of an eight-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings, having four straight sides and four elliptical sides, compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
As above, strengthening members of varying shapes having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
Eight cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings (having four straight sides and four curved sides) may, therefore, allow improved impact energy management over, for example, basic octagonal strengthening member cross sections, while minimizing mass per unit length.
In various additional exemplary embodiments, a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings may comprise a twelve-cornered cross section having eight straight sides and four curved sides. An exemplary embodiment of a twelve-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12. The side lengths and thicknesses and internal corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing twelve-sided cross sections. This strength improvement further obviates the need for increased corner thickness, which is an unexpected and unpredicted benefit of fine-tuning the design parameters (e.g., side lengths, thicknesses, and internal angles) of a strengthening member having an twelve-sided (i.e., twelve-cornered) cross section.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each straight side (Ss1-Ss8) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each circular side (Sc1-Sc4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 60 degrees to about 145 degrees.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twelve-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings, having eight straight sides and four circular sides, compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
An additional exemplary embodiment of a twelve-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12. As above, the side lengths and thicknesses and internal corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing twelve-sided cross sections, and may further obviate the need for increased corner thickness.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each straight side (Ss1-Ss8) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm and a length of each elliptical side (Sc1-Sc4) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 60 degrees to about 145 degrees.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twelve-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings, having eight straight sides and four elliptical sides, compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
As above, strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
Twelve-cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings (having eight straight sides and four curved sides) may, therefore, allow improved impact energy management over, for example, basic polygonal strengthening member cross sections and an existing twelve-sided cross-section, while minimizing mass per unit length.
In various additional exemplary embodiments, a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings may comprise a fourteen-cornered cross section. An exemplary embodiment of a fourteen-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12, and two external corners with angles
e1 and
e2. The side lengths and thicknesses and internal and external corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing strengthening member cross sections. This strength improvement further obviates the need for increased corner thickness, which is an unexpected and unpredicted benefit of fine-tuning the design parameters (e.g., side lengths, thicknesses, internal angles, and external angles) of a strengthening member having a fourteen-sided (i.e., fourteen-cornered) cross section.
As shown in e1 and
e2 of the external angles (see
i1-
i12 of the internal angles can be varied. Those of ordinary skill in the art would understand, however, that
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each side (S1-S14) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 95 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle (
e1 and
e2) ranges from about 5 degrees to about 130 degrees.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a fourteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
To further demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a fourteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to basic fourteen-sided cross section designs, as above, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., fourteen-sided cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
Fourteen-cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings may, therefore, allow improved impact energy management over, for example, basic polygonal strengthening member cross sections, including basic fourteen-sided polygonal cross sections, while minimizing mass per unit length.
In various additional exemplary embodiments, a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings may comprise a sixteen-cornered cross section. An exemplary embodiment of a sixteen-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12, and four external corners with angles
e1-
e4. The side lengths and thicknesses and internal and external corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing strengthening member cross sections. This strength improvement further obviates the need for increased corner thickness, which is an unexpected and unpredicted benefit of fine-tuning the design parameters (e.g., side lengths, thicknesses, internal angles, and external angles) of a strengthening member having a sixteen-sided (i.e., sixteen-cornered) cross section.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles and the angles
e1-
e4 of the external angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each side (S1-S16) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle (
e1-
e4) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a sixteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
To further demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a sixteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to basic sixteen-sided cross section designs, as above, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., sixteen-sided cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
An additional exemplary embodiment of a sixteen-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12, and four external corners with angles
e1-
e4. As above, the side lengths and thicknesses and internal and external corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing strengthening member cross sections, and may further obviate the need for increased corner thickness.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles and the angles
e1-
e4 of the external angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each side (S1-S16) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle (
e1-
e4) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
As above, to demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a sixteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
As above, to further demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a sixteen-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to basic sixteen-sided cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., sixteen-sided cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
Sixteen-cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings may, therefore, allow improved impact energy management over, for example, basic polygonal strengthening member cross sections, including basic sixteen-sided polygonal cross sections, while minimizing mass per unit length.
In various additional exemplary embodiments, a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings may comprise a twenty-cornered cross section. An exemplary embodiment of a twenty-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12, and eight external corners with angles
e1-
e8. The side lengths and thicknesses and internal and external corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing strengthening member cross sections. This strength improvement further obviates the need for increased corner thickness, which is an unexpected and unpredicted benefit of fine-tuning the design parameters (e.g., side lengths, thicknesses, internal angles, and external angles) of a strengthening member having a sixteen-sided (i.e., twenty-cornered) cross section.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles and the angles
e1-
e8 of the external angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each side (S1-S20) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle (
e1-
e8) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
To demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twenty-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
To further demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twenty-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to basic twenty-sided cross section designs, as above, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., twenty-sided cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
An additional exemplary embodiment of a twenty-cornered cross section for a strengthening member in accordance with the present teachings is illustrated in i1-
i12, and eight external corners with angles
e1-
e8. As above, the side lengths and thicknesses and internal and external corner angles can be varied (i.e., tuned) to achieve improved strength and other performance features (e.g., stability of folding pattern) compared to existing strengthening member cross sections, and may further obviate the need for increased corner thickness.
As shown in i1-
i12 of the internal angles and the angles
e1-
e8 of the external angles (see
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, for example, a length of each side (S1-S20) can range from about 10 mm to about 200 mm. In certain additional embodiments, a thickness of the sides and corners can range from about 0.7 mm to about 6.0 mm; and in certain embodiments, the thickness of the sides is substantially the same as the thickness of the corners. Furthermore, in accordance with certain additional exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the strengthening member may vary, for example, within one side or from side to side to optimize the overall axial crush and bending performance.
In certain embodiments of the present teachings, each internal angle (i1-
i12) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 145 degrees, and each external angle (
e1-
e8) ranges from about 25 degrees to about 150 degrees.
As above, to demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twenty-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to various existing cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
As above, to further demonstrate the improved strength and performance features of a twenty-cornered cross section in accordance with the present teachings compared to basic twenty-sided cross section designs, exemplary strengthening members were modeled and experimental test runs were conducted, as shown and described below with reference to
Strengthening members of varying shapes (i.e., twenty-sided cross sections) having the same thickness, length and perimeter (e.g., each part having a mass of about 1.22 Kg) were modeled as illustrated in
Twenty-cornered cross sections in accordance with the present teachings may, therefore, allow improved impact energy management over, for example, basic polygonal strengthening member cross sections, including basic twenty-sided polygonal cross sections, while minimizing mass per unit length.
Thus, as illustrated by the above exemplary embodiments, strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings are configured to achieve strength increases (i.e., load carrying and energy absorption) over basic polygonal designs (including polygonal strengthening member cross sections having the same number of sides), while also permitting flexibility in design to better meet vehicle space requirements. Strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings may, therefore, be used to replace existing strengthening member cross section designs (both traditional and non-traditional). While the present teachings have been disclosed in terms of exemplary embodiments in order to facilitate a better understanding, it should be appreciated that the present teachings can be embodied in various ways without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all possible embodiments which can be embodied without departing from the scope of the invention set out in the appended claims.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present teachings contemplate, for example, strengthening members with corners having different bend radii, with non-uniform cross sections (e.g., having non-symmetrical shapes), and/or with sides having variable thicknesses (i.e., having tapered sides). Various additional exemplary embodiments contemplate strengthening members that are bent and/or curved. Moreover, to further adjust a member's folding pattern and/or peak load capacity, various additional exemplary embodiments also contemplate strengthening members having trigger holes, flanges, and/or convolutions as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, multi-cornered strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings are contemplated for use with a number of structural members, such as, for example, crush cans, front rails, mid-rails, rear rails, side rails, shotguns, cross members, roof structures, beltline tubes, door beams, pillars, internal reinforcements, and other components that can benefit from increased crash energy absorption. In addition, the present teachings can be applied to both body-on-frame and unitized vehicles, or other types of structures. Thus, depending on application, embodiments of the present teachings will have varied shapes (i.e. various cross sections) to accommodate specific member space constraints. When used as a vehicle front rail, for example, to achieve optimized axial crush performance, the lengths and thicknesses of the sides and/or angles of the corners can all be adjusted (tuned) to provide optimal strength, size and shape to meet engine compartment constraints.
Although various exemplary embodiments described herein have been described as configured to be used with automotive vehicles, it is envisioned that the various strengthening members in accordance with the present teachings may be configured for use with other types of vehicles and/or structures, for which it may be desirable to provide increased crash energy absorption. Thus, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that the present teachings provide strengthening members for various applications. Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the present teachings will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description.
It is to be understood that the particular examples and embodiments set forth herein are non-limiting, and modifications to structure, dimensions, materials, and methodologies may be made without departing from the scope of the present teachings.
For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the present teachings are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
It is noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” include plural referents unless expressly and unequivocally limited to one referent. As used herein, the term “include” and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, such that recitation of items in a list is not to the exclusion of other like items that can be substituted or added to the listed items.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the devices and methods of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of its teachings. Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the teachings disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and embodiment described herein be considered as exemplary only.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/087,633 (filed on Apr. 15, 2011; now U.S. Pat. No. 8,459,726), the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1951292 | Cahill | Mar 1938 | A |
2205893 | Unger | Jun 1940 | A |
2340003 | McDermott | Jan 1944 | A |
3092222 | Heinle | Jun 1963 | A |
3209432 | Cape | Oct 1965 | A |
3412628 | De Gain | Nov 1968 | A |
4018055 | Le Clercq | Apr 1977 | A |
5431445 | Wheatley | Jul 1995 | A |
5480189 | Davies et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
5913565 | Watanabe | Jun 1999 | A |
6068330 | Kasuga et al. | May 2000 | A |
6179355 | Chou et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6523576 | Imaeda et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6588830 | Schmidt et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6705653 | Gotanda | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6752451 | Sakamoto et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
6799794 | Mochidome et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6893065 | Seksaria et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
7044515 | Mooijman et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
7252314 | Tamura et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7264274 | Ridgway | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7303219 | Trabant et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7357445 | Gross et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7407219 | Glasgow et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7445097 | Tamura et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7926160 | Zifferer et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
20020153719 | Taguchi | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20030085592 | Seksaria et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20050028710 | Carpenter | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20060033363 | Hillekes et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060181072 | Tamura et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060202493 | Tamura et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060202511 | Tamura et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060249342 | Canot et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20080012386 | Kano et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080030031 | Nilsson | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080036242 | Glance et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080106107 | Tan et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
20080185852 | Suzuki et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20090026777 | Schmid et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
20090085362 | Terada et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090102234 | Heatherington et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090174219 | Foreman | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20100064946 | Watson | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100066124 | Terada et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100072788 | Tyan | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100102592 | Tyan et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20110015902 | Cheng et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
08-337183 | Dec 1996 | JP |
Entry |
---|
Ali Najafi et al., “Mechanics of Axial Plastic Collapse in Multi-Cell, Multi-Corner Crush Tubes,” sciencedirect.com, Sep. 1, 2010. |
Xiong Zhang et al., “Crushing Analysis of Polygonal Columns and Angle Elements,” sciencedirect.com, Jun. 27, 2009. |
Sivakumar Palanivelua et al., “Comparison of the Crushing Performance of Hollow and Foam-Filled Small-Scale Composite Tubes With Different Geometrical Shapes for Use in Sacrificial Structures,” sciencedirect.com, Jun. 1, 2010. |
Fyllingen et al., “Simulations of a Top-Hat Section Subjected to Axial Crushing Taking Into Account Material and Geometry Variations,” sciencedirect.com, Jul. 31, 2008. |
Minoru Yamashita et al., Quasi-Static and Dynamic Axial Crushing of Various Polygonal Tubes,: sciencedirect.com, Jun. 2007. |
JP 08-337183 English Abstract, original Japanese document dated Dec. 24, 1996. |
Office Action dated Aug. 19, 2011 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Office Action dated Mar. 7, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Office Action dated Jul. 31, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Office Action dated Jul. 20, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Response to Office Action dated Nov. 15, 2011 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Response to Office Action dated Jun. 6, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Response to Office Action dated Oct. 31, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Response to Office Action dated Oct. 22, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Office Action dated Feb. 27, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Office Action dated Feb. 21, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Advisory Action dated May 6, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Office Action dated Jun. 6, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Office Action dated Aug. 17, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 13/087,663. |
Response to Office Action dated Apr. 29, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/233,808. |
Response to Office Action dated Apr. 22, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Response to Office Action dated May 21, 2013 from U.S. Appl. No. 12/651,614. |
Response to Office Action dated Nov. 16, 2012 from U.S. Appl. No. 13/087,663. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20130292968 A1 | Nov 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 13087663 | Apr 2011 | US |
Child | 13902116 | US |