Patent Grant
9879676
The present invention relates to a multi-cylinder rotary compressor for use in heat pump equipment and a vapor compression refrigeration cycle system including the multi-cylinder rotary compressor, and more particularly to a multi-cylinder rotary compressor with improved energy saving performance under an operating condition close to an actual load and a vapor compression refrigeration cycle system including the multi-cylinder rotary compressor.
Conventional heat pump equipment such as an air-conditioning apparatus and a water heater typically uses a vapor compression refrigeration cycle system using a multi-cylinder rotary compressor. Specifically, such heat pump equipment incorporates a refrigeration cycle formed by connecting a multi-cylinder rotary compressor, a condensor, a pressure reducing unit, and an evaporator by pipes to perform an operation in accordance with an application (e.g., air-conditioning or hot water supply).
In recent years, regulations for energy conservation of air-conditioning apparatus have been tightened in many countries, and the operation standard has been changed to that close to an actual load. In Japan, a conventional indication of efficiency improvement based on an average COP in cooling and heating was changed to an indication based on an annual performance factor (APF) on 2011. Energy conservation standards of air-conditioning apparatus and water heaters are expected to be changed to a new standard closer to an actual load. For example, the rated heating capacity necessary for starting an air-conditioning apparatus is assumed to be 100%, an always necessary heating capacity is about 10% to 50%, and efficiencies in this low-load region has a greater influence on an actual APF than the rated capacity.
For this reason, an on-off control has been employed for a long time as a unit for adjusting a cooling and heating capacity. This on-off control, however, has problems such as increased temperature control range, increased vibration noise, and a degraded energy saving performance. Consequently, to improve energy saving performance, for example, an inverter control that changes a rotation speed of an electric motor for driving a multi-cylinder rotary compressor has been widely employed in recent years.
Recent air-conditioning apparatus have been required to have a reduced start-up time and operate under severe environments (under low or high temperatures), and thus, a rated capacity to a certain level or higher has been needed. On the other hand, an always necessary capacity is small for heat-insulated houses that have currently been popular, and the capacity range in operation has increased. Consequently, the variable range of the rotation speed of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor by the inverter increases, and the rotation speed range where a high efficiency of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor is required tends to increase. Thus, it has become difficult for a conventional air-conditioning apparatus to continuously operate a multi-cylinder rotary compressor at a reduced rotation speed and maintain a high efficiency of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor under low-load capacity conditions.
In this situation, a multi-cylinder rotary compressor using a unit (mechanical capacity controlling unit) for mechanically changing an air volume attracts attention again. For example, Patent Literature 1 proposes a reciprocating multi-cylinder rotary compressor in which “a second compression mechanism part 2B in a multi-cylinder rotary compressor A includes a cylinder cutoff mechanism K for separating a tip edge of a second blade 15b from a peripheral surface of a roller 13b to attain suspension of compression operation in a second cylinder chamber 14b, and the cylinder cutoff mechanism includes a blade back chamber 16b housing a rear end of the blade and forming a closed space, a discharge pressure introducing passage 20 for introducing a discharge pressure to the blade back chamber 16b, a shut-off valve 21 for opening and closing communication of the discharge pressure introducing passage 20, and a biasing holder 18 that biases and holds the blade tip edge in a direction away from the roller peripheral surface.” In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor described in Patent Literature 1, the shut-off valve 21 is closed under a low load so that the blade back chamber 16b becomes a closed space, and thereby, a pressure difference between a front surface and a rear surface of the blade 15b (vane) is eliminated. The blade 15b (vane) is moved back by a piston and is attracted by a magnet provided in the blade back chamber 16b so that the blade 15b (vane) is separated from the piston. That is, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1, one compression mechanism part is set in an uncompressed state to reduce the flow rate of circulating refrigerant by half so that the compressor can operate without a reduction in the rotation speed of an electric motor, thereby achieving an increased compressor efficiency.
To reduce a load in start-up of a multi-cylinder rotary compressor, Patent Literature 2 proposes a “multi-cylinder rotary compressor which includes a hermetically sealed container having a high internal pressure and housing an electric element and a plurality of rotary compressor elements driven by the electric element, and in which a spring is provided at the back of a vane of at least one of the rotary compressor elements and draws the vane outward and a spring is provided at the back of a vane of another rotary compressor element and presses the vane inward.” That is, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 2, the front end of a vane is separated from the outer peripheral wall of a piston when a pressure difference does not occur between the front surface and the rear surface of the vane, and when a pressure occurs between the front surface and the rear surface of the vane, the front end of the vane is pressed against the piston.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-163926 (Abstract, FIGS. 1 and 2)
Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Application Publication No. 61-159691 (Claim, FIG. 1)
The multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1 uses a mechanical capacity controlling unit of a cylinder cutoff operation type to suppress a decrease in efficiency under a low-load condition. That is, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1 needs a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe to switch a pressure applied to a rear end of a vane. Thus, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1 has problems of increased size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor.
Since the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 2 does not include a mechanism for holding a vane when the front end of the vane is separated from the outer peripheral wall of the piston, the pressure difference between the front surface and the rear surface of the vane fluctuates so that the vane reciprocates in a vane groove. Thus, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 2, the location of the vane is unstable, and thus, repetitive contact between the vane front end and the piston increases noise.
The present invention has been made to solve problems as described above, and provides a multi-cylinder rotary compressor that can prevent increases in size and costs and can keep the location of a vane stable when the front end of a vane is separated from an outer peripheral wall of a piston, and a vapor compression refrigeration cycle system including the multi-cylinder rotary compressor.
The present invention provides a multi-cylinder rotary compressor including a drive shaft including a plurality of eccentric-pin shaft portions, an electric motor configured to drive and rotate the drive shaft, a plurality of compression mechanisms, and a sealed container housing the electric motor and the plurality of compression mechanisms and storing lubricating oil at a bottom thereof. Each of the plurality of compression mechanisms includes a cylinder having a cylinder chamber into which low-pressure refrigerant is sucked from a suction pressure space and from which compressed high-pressure refrigerant is discharged to a discharge pressure space, a ring-shaped piston slidably attached to each of the plurality of eccentric-pin shaft portions of the drive shaft and configured to eccentrically rotate in the cylinder chamber, a vane configured to separate the cylinder chamber into two spaces when a front end of the vane is pushed against an outer peripheral surface of the piston, a vane groove housing the vane in such a manner that the vane reciprocates therein and being open to the cylinder chamber, and a vane rear chamber housing a rear end of the vane and communicating with the cylinder chamber. The cylinder chamber always communicates with the suction pressure space, and the vane rear chamber always communicates with the discharge pressure space. In a driven state, each of the vanes is applied by a first force in such a direction that the vane approaches the piston caused by a pressure difference between a pressure applied to the front end of each of the vanes and a pressure applied to the rear end of each of the vanes. The plurality of compression mechanisms includes a second compression mechanism part having a mechanism that includes a permanent magnet disposed in the vane rear chamber and applies a second force to the vane in such a direction that the vane moves away from the piston and, thereby, applies the first force and the second force to the vane, and switches between a compressed state in which the vane is in contact with the piston and an uncompressed state in which the vane is separated from the piston and attracted by the permanent magnet and retained thereon, depending on a magnitude correlation between the first force and the second force, and a configuration in which the pressure difference in switching from the uncompressed state to the compressed state is larger than the pressure difference in switching from the compressed state to the uncompressed state, by utilizing a property of the permanent magnet that the second force is larger in the uncompressed state in which the front end of the vane is attracted and retained on the permanent magnet than in a state in which the front end of the vane is in contact with the piston.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention, a pressing force of pressing the vane against the piston in the second compression mechanism part is smaller than that in a first compression mechanism part, which is another compression mechanism part except the second compression mechanism part. In other words, the second compression mechanism part has a configuration having a larger drawing force applied to the vane in such a direction that the vane moves away from the piston (moves toward the rear end) than that in the first compression mechanism part. Thus, when the pressure applied to the rear end decreases below a predetermined value, the vane of the second compression mechanism part comes to be separated from the piston, and the second compression mechanism part switches to a cylinder cutoff state. As a result, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention can operate without a reduction in the rotation number of the electric motor and, thus, enhance the compression efficiency by switching the second compression mechanism part to the uncompressed state to reduce the refrigerant circulation flow rate by half. At this time, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention does not require a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor can be prevented.
In addition, the second compression mechanism part of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention includes the mechanism that comes into contact with the vane and retains the vane when the vane moves to be separated from the piston. Thus, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention can stably retain the location of the vane when the front end of the vane is separated from the outer peripheral wall of the piston.
Examples of a multi-cylinder rotary compressor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the attached drawings, the size relationship among components may differ from those in actual application. Three-dimensional relationships between discharge ports 18 and 28 and the cylinder suction channels 17 and 27 do not necessarily coincide with each other between a longitudinal sectional view and a transverse sectional view.
[Configuration of Multi-cylinder Rotary Compressor 100]
The multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 is a component included in a refrigeration cycle employed in heat pump equipment such as an air-conditioning apparatus or a water heater. The multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 sucks gaseous fluid, compresses the fluid into a high-temperature high-pressure state to discharge the resulting high-temperature high-pressure fluid.
The multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 of Embodiment 1 includes, in an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3, a compression mechanism 99 constituted by the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20, and an electric motor 8 configured to drive the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20 through a drive shaft 5.
The sealed container 3 is, for example, a cylindrical sealed container whose upper and lower ends are closed. A lubricating oil storage unit 3a for storing lubricating oil for lubricating the compression mechanism 99 is provided at the bottom of the sealed container 3. A compressor discharge pipe 2 is provided at the top of the sealed container 3 and communicates with the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3.
The electric motor 8 operates, for example, at a variable rotation speed that can be changed by inverter control or the like, and includes a stator 8b and a rotor 8a. The stator 8b has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has an outer periphery thereof fixed to the sealed container 3 by, for example, shrinkage fitting. A coil to which electric power is supplied from an external power supply is wound around the stator 8b. The rotor 8a has a substantially cylindrical shape and disposed to an inner peripheral portion of the stator 8b at a predetermined distance from an inner peripheral surface of the stator 8b. The drive shaft 5 is fixed to the rotor 8a, and the electric motor 8 and the compression mechanism 99 are connected to each other through the drive shaft 5. That is, when the electric motor 8 rotates, a torque is transmitted to the compression mechanism 99 through the drive shaft 5.
The drive shaft 5 includes a longer shaft portion 5a constituting an upper portion of the drive shaft 5, a shorter shaft portion 5b constituting a lower portion of the drive shaft, an eccentric-pin shaft portions 5c and 5d, and an intermediate shaft portion 5e. The eccentric-pin shaft portions 5c and 5d and an intermediate shaft portion 5e are disposed between the longer shaft portion 5a and the shorter shaft portion 5b. The central axis of the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c is eccentric away from the central axes of the longer shaft portion 5a and the shorter shaft portion 5b at a predetermined distance, and the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c is disposed in a first cylinder chamber 12 of the first compression mechanism part 10 described later. The central axis of the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d is eccentric away from the central axes of the longer shaft portion 5a and the shorter shaft portion 5b at a predetermined distance, and the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d is disposed in a second cylinder chamber 22 of the second compression mechanism part 20 described later. The phases of the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c and the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d shift from each other by 180 degrees. The eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c and the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d are connected to each other by the intermediate shaft portion 5e. The intermediate shaft portion 5e is disposed in a through hole in an intermediate partition plate 4 described later. The longer shaft portion 5a of the thus-configured drive shaft 5 is rotatably supported on a bearing portion 60a of a first support member 60, and the shorter shaft portion 5b of the thus-configured drive shaft 5 is rotatably supported on a bearing portion 70a of a second support member 70.
That is, the eccentric-pin shaft portions 5c and 5d of the drive shaft 5 eccentrically rotate in the first cylinder chamber 12 and the second cylinder chamber 22.
The compression mechanism 99 is constituted by the upper rotary first compression mechanism part 10 and the lower rotary second compression mechanism part 20, and the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20 are disposed below the electric motor 8. The compression mechanism 99 includes the first support member 60, a first cylinder 11 constituting the first compression mechanism part 10, the intermediate partition plate 4, a second cylinder 21 constituting the second compression mechanism part 20, and the second support member 70, which are sequentially laminated in this order from the top to the bottom.
The first compression mechanism part 10 includes, for example, the first cylinder 11, a first piston 13, and a first vane 14. The first cylinder 11 is a flat plate member having a substantially cylindrical through hole that vertically penetrates the flat plate member and is substantially concentric with the drive shaft 5 (more specifically, the longer shaft portion 5a and the shorter shaft portion 5b). The through hole has one end (upper end in
The first piston 13 is disposed in the first cylinder chamber 12 of the first cylinder 11. The first piston 13 has a ring shape and is slidably disposed on the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c of the drive shaft 5. The first cylinder 11 has a vane groove 19 communicating with (open to) the first cylinder chamber 12 and extending in a radial direction of the first cylinder chamber 12. The first vane 14 is slidably disposed in the vane groove 19. In other words, the vane groove 19 houses the first vane 14 in such a manner that the first vane 14 can reciprocate therein. When a front end 14a of the first vane 14 comes into contact with an outer peripheral portion of the first piston 13, the first cylinder chamber 12 is partitioned into a suction chamber 12a and a compression chamber 12b.
The first cylinder 11 includes a vane rear chamber 15 housing a rear end 14b of the first vane 14 at the rear of the vane groove 19, that is, at the rear of the first vane 14, and communicating with the first cylinder chamber 12 through the vane groove 19. The vane rear chamber 15 vertically penetrates the first cylinder 11. The upper opening of the vane rear chamber 15 is partially open to the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 so that lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil storage unit 3a can flow into the vane rear chamber 15. The lubricating oil that has flowed into the vane rear chamber 15 enters a clearance between the vane groove 19 and the first vane 14 and reduces a sliding friction therebetween. As will be described later, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 1, refrigerant compressed in the compression mechanism 99 is discharged to the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3. Consequently, the vane rear chamber 15 is in a high-pressure atmosphere that is the same as the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3.
The second compression mechanism part 20 includes, for example, the second cylinder 21, a second piston 23, and a second vane 24. The second cylinder 21 is a flat plate member having a substantially cylindrical through hole that vertically penetrates the flat plate member and is substantially concentric with the drive shaft 5 (more specifically, the longer shaft portion 5a and the shorter shaft portion 5b). The through hole has one end (upper end in
The second piston 23 is disposed in the second cylinder chamber 22 of the second cylinder 21. The second piston 23 has a ring shape and is slidably disposed on the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d of the drive shaft 5. The second cylinder 21 has a vane groove 29 communicating with (open to) the second cylinder chamber 22 and extending in a radial direction of the second cylinder chamber 22. The second vane 24 is slidably disposed in the vane groove 29. In other words, the vane groove 29 houses the second vane 24 in such a manner that the second vane 24 can reciprocate therein. When a front end 24a of the second vane 24 comes into contact with an outer peripheral portion of the second piston 23, the second cylinder chamber 22 is partitioned into a suction chamber and a compression chamber in a manner similar to the first cylinder chamber 12.
The second cylinder 21 includes a vane rear chamber 25 housing a rear end 24b of the second vane 24 at the rear of the vane groove 29, that is, at the rear of the second vane 24, and communicating with the second cylinder chamber 22 through the vane groove 29. The vane rear chamber 25 vertically penetrates the second cylinder 21. The upper and lower openings of the vane rear chamber 25 are closed with the intermediate partition plate 4 and the flange portion 70b of the second support member 70, and the vane rear chamber 25 communicates with the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 through a channel 30 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the second cylinder 21 to the vane rear chamber 25. That is, lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil storage unit 3a can flow into the vane rear chamber 25 through the channel 30. Consequently, the vane rear chamber 25 is in a high-pressure atmosphere that is the same as the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3. The lubricating oil that has flowed into the vane rear chamber 25 enters a clearance between the vane groove 29 and the second vane 24 and reduces a sliding friction therebetween.
At least one of the openings of the vane rear chamber 25 may be open to the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 so that the lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil storage unit 3a can flow into the vane rear chamber 25 through this opening.
A suction muffler 6 for allowing gaseous refrigerant to flow into the first cylinder chamber 12 and the second cylinder chamber 22 is connected to the first cylinder 11 and the second cylinder 21. Specifically, the suction muffler 6 includes a container 6b, an inlet pipe 6a introducing low-pressure refrigerant from an evaporator to the container 6b, an outlet pipe 6c introducing gaseous refrigerant included in refrigerant stored in the container 6b to the first cylinder chamber 12 of the first cylinder 11, and an outlet pipe 6d introducing gaseous refrigerant included in the refrigerant stored in the container 6b to the second cylinder chamber 22 of the second cylinder 21. The outlet pipe 6c of the suction muffler 6 is connected to a cylinder suction channel 17 (channel communicating with the first cylinder chamber 12) of the first cylinder 11. The outlet pipe 6d of the suction muffler 6 is connected to a cylinder suction channel 27 (channel communicating with the second cylinder chamber 22) of the second cylinder 21.
The first cylinder 11 has a discharge port 18 for discharging gaseous refrigerant compressed in the first cylinder chamber 12. The discharge port 18 communicates with a through hole formed in the flange portion 60b of the first support member 60, and the through hole is provided with a shut-off valve 18a that is opened when the first cylinder chamber 12 reaches a predetermined pressure or higher. A discharge muffler 63 is attached to the first support member 60 and covers the shut-off valve 18a (i.e., the through hole). Similarly, the second cylinder 21 has a discharge port 28 for discharging gaseous refrigerant compressed in the second cylinder chamber 22. The discharge port 28 communicates with a through hole formed in the flange portion 70b of the second support member 70, and the through hole is provided with a shut-off valve 28a that is opened when the second cylinder chamber 22 reaches a predetermined pressure or higher. A discharge muffler 73 is attached to the second support member 70 and covers the shut-off valve 28a (i.e., the through hole).
[Characteristic Configuration of Compression Mechanism 99]
As described above, the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20 basically have similar configurations, but are different in detail from each other in the following aspects.
(1) Pressing Force Applied to First Vane 14 and Second Vane 24
An intermediate pressure (from pressure of low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the first cylinder chamber 12 and the second cylinder chamber 22 to a discharge pressure) is applied to the front ends 14a and 24a of the first vane 14 and the second vane 24, a discharge pressure (pressure of the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3, that is, a pressure of high-pressure refrigerant compressed in the compression mechanism 99) is applied to the rear ends 14b and 24b thereof. Thus, a pressing force is applied to the first vane 14 and the second vane 24 in such a manner that the first vane 14 and the second vane 24 are pushed toward the first piston 13 and the second piston 23 in accordance with the difference in pressure applied to the front ends 14a and 24a and the rear ends 14b and 24b.
In addition to the pressing force, a pressing force pushing the first vane 14 toward the first piston 13 is applied to the first vane 14 by a compression spring 40. Thus, the first vane 14 is always pressed against the first piston 13 to partition the first cylinder chamber 12 into the suction chamber 12a and the compression chamber 12b. That is, the first compression mechanism part 10 including the first vane 14 always compresses refrigerant that has flowed into the first cylinder chamber 12.
On the other hand, the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is pulled by a tension spring 50. Specifically, a drawing force is applied to the second vane 24 by a counterforce (elasticity force) of the tension spring 50 in such a manner the second vane 24 is moved away from an outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 (in a direction of moving the second vane 24 toward the rear end 24b). Thus, a pressing force of pressing the vane toward the second piston 23 is smaller in the second vane 24 of the second compression mechanism part 20 than in the first vane 14 of the first compression mechanism part 10. In other words, a drawing force of moving the second vane 24 in a direction away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 is larger in the second vane 24 of the second compression mechanism part 20 than in the first vane 14 of the first compression mechanism part 10. Thus, in the second compression mechanism part 20, when the pressure difference between a pressure applied to the front end 24a and a pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, that is, when a pressing force (a force that moves the second vane 24 toward the second piston 23) applied to the second vane 24 caused by the pressure difference is larger than a drawing force by the tension spring 50, the second cylinder chamber 22 is partitioned into the compression chamber and the suction chamber in a manner similar to the first compression mechanism part 10, and thereby, refrigerant that has flown into the second cylinder chamber 22 is compressed. On the other hand, in the second compression mechanism part 20, when the pressure difference between the pressure applied to the front end 24a of the second vane 24 and the pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is smaller than the predetermined value, that is, when the drawing force by the tension spring 50 is greater than the pressing force applied to the second vane 24, caused by the pressure difference, the front end 24a of the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches a cylinder cutoff state in which refrigerant in the second cylinder chamber 22 is not compressed.
(2) Retention Mechanism of Second Vane 24
The second compression mechanism part 20 including the tension spring 50 also includes a retention mechanism that retains the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23. The retention mechanism according to Embodiment 1 includes a contact portion 52 disposed on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24, a communication hole 51a formed in the second vane 24, and a communication hole 51b formed in the second cylinder 21.
The contact portion 52 separates the channel 30 and the vane rear chamber 25 from each other. The contact portion 52 has a communication hole 53 allowing the channel 30 to communicate with the vane rear chamber 25. Specifically, the communication hole 53 allows a space formed on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 to communicate with the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3. The contact portion 52 has a flat surface on the side of the second vane 24 to keep a certain degree of parallelism between the flat surface and the rear end 24b of the second vane 24.
The communication hole 51a formed in the second vane 24 has one end open to the rear end 24b (more specifically, at a location at which the communication hole 51a faces a portion of the contact portion 52 except the communication hole 53). The other end of the communication hole 51a is open to a side surface of the second vane 24.
The communication hole 51b formed in the second cylinder 21 has one end open to the vane groove 29. More specifically, this end of the communication hole 51b is open at such a location at which the communication hole 51b communicates with the communication hole 51a (at a location at which the open end of the communication hole 51a communicates with the open end of the communication hole 51b) in a state in which the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 so that the rear end 24b comes into contact with the contact portion 52. The other end of the communication hole 51b is open to the cylinder suction channel 27.
The communication holes 51a and 51b are not limited to the configurations described above as long as the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 communicates with the cylinder suction channel 27. For example, the other end of the communication hole 51 (i.e., the end that is open to the side surface of the second vane 24 in
For example, the other end of the communication hole 51a (i.e., the end that is open to the side surface of the second vane 24 in
[Operation of Multi-Cylinder Rotary Compressor 100]
Operation of the thus-configured multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 will be described.
[Operation in Refrigerant Compression by First Compression Mechanism Part 10 and Second Compression Mechanism Part 20]
First, operation of compressing refrigerant in both the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20 will be described. This operation is similar to that of a typical multi-cylinder rotary compressor in which a compression mechanism part does not switch to a cylinder cutoff state. The operation will be described in detail below.
When power is supplied to the electric motor 8, the electric motor 8 causes the drive shaft 5 to rotate counterclockwise when viewed directly from above (i.e., rotate by a rotational phase θ with respect to the vane location as shown in
The eccentric rotation of the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c causes the first piston 13 to eccentrically rotate in the first cylinder chamber 12 so that low-pressure gaseous refrigerant sucked into the first cylinder chamber 12 from the outlet pipe 6c of the suction muffler 6 through of the cylinder suction channel 17 is compressed. Similarly, the eccentric rotation of the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d causes the second piston 23 to eccentrically rotate in the second cylinder chamber 22 so that low-pressure gaseous refrigerant sucked into the second cylinder chamber 22 from the outlet pipe 6d of the suction muffler 6 through the cylinder suction channel 27 is compressed.
When the gaseous refrigerant compressed in the first cylinder chamber 12 reaches a predetermined pressure, this refrigerant is discharged into the discharge muffler 63 from the discharge port 18, and then is discharged into the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 from a discharge port of the discharge muffler 63. When gaseous refrigerant compressed in the second cylinder chamber 22 reaches a predetermined pressure, this refrigerant is discharge into the discharge muffler 73 from the discharge port 28, and then is discharge into the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 from a discharge port of the discharge muffler 73. The high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged into the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 is discharged to the outside of the sealed container 3 from the compressor discharge pipe 2.
In compressing refrigerant in the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20, the suction operation and the compression operation of refrigerant described above are repeated in the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20.
[Operation of Switching Second Compression Mechanism Part 20 to Cylinder Cutoff State]
Referring to
In the above-described state in which the second compression mechanism part 20 compresses refrigerant, a discharge pressure is applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24 through lubricating oil. Thus, a pressing force occurring due to a difference in the pressure applied to the front end 24a and the pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is greater than a drawing force by the tension spring 50 so that the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23. Thus, in the second compression mechanism part 20, refrigerant is compressed with rotation of the drive shaft 5.
In this state, as illustrated in
On the other hand, immediately after startup of operation of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 or a state in which the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 is under a low load, the pressure of the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 is low. Thus, a drawing force by the tension spring 50 is greater than a pressing force occurring due to a pressure difference between the pressure applied to the front end 24a and the pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24. Consequently, a discharge pressure is applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24, and with a suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24, the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 so that the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state.
When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, the opening of the communication hole 51a formed in the second vane 24 and the opening of the communication hole 51b formed in the second cylinder 21 start overlapping each other, as illustrated in
In the state in which the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52, the discharge pressure is applied only to a portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing the communication hole 53 of the contact portion 52. Thus, the pressing force applied to the second vane 24 further decreases so that the difference between the drawing force and the pressing force increases to be distinct. As a result, the second vane 24 is stably retained while being separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
[Operation of Cancelling Cylinder Cutoff State of Second Compression Mechanism Part 20]
Operation of cancelling the cylinder cutoff state of the second compression mechanism part 20 will be described. When the pressure (discharge pressure) of the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 increases with the second vane 24 being stably retained, the pressing force occurring due to the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing the communication hole 53 of the contact portion 52” becomes greater than the drawing force by the tension spring 50. In this state, the second vane 24 is separated from the contact portion 52 so that retention of the second vane 24 is cancelled.
Once the second vane 24 becomes separated from the contact portion 52, the location of the communication hole 51a in the second vane 24 does not coincide with the location of the communication hole 51b in the second cylinder 21 any more so that the suction pressure is not introduced. In addition, lubricating oil is supplied onto the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24, a discharge pressure is applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24, and a pressing force applied to the second vane 24 increases. In this manner, the difference between the pressing force applied to the second vane 24 and the drawing force becomes distinct so that the second vane 24 moves toward the second piston 23. Consequently, the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 so that the second compression mechanism part 20 starts compression of refrigerant.
In a state in which the second vane 24 is stably retained, the cylinder cutoff state of the second compression mechanism part 20 can be maintained by keeping the pressure applied to the portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing the communication hole 53 in the contact portion 52 below a predetermined pressure, that is, by keeping the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing the communication hole 53 in the contact portion 52” at a predetermined value or less. In a state in which the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, the refrigerant compressed state of the second compression mechanism part 20 can be maintained by keeping the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24” at a predetermined value or more.
[Relationship Between Pressure Applied to Second Vane 24 and Operation of Second Vane 24]
A suction pressure Ps is applied to the front end 24a of the second vane 24, and a discharge pressure Pd is applied to the rear end 24b of the of the second vane 24. A drawing force F by the tension spring 50 is also applied to the second vane 24. The state of the second vane 24 is determined depending on the relationship among Ps, Pd, and F applied to the second vane 24.
First, the state in which the second vane 24 is not in contact with the contact portion 52 will be described.
The sectional area of the second vane 24 perpendicular to the direction in which the second vane 24 moves (approximated to the surface area of the front end 24a and the rear end 24b) is assumed to be A, in the state in which the second vane 24 is not in contact with the contact portion 52, the pressing force applied to the second vane 24 under the suction pressure Ps and the discharge pressure Pd is (Pd−Ps) A. Thus, in the refrigerant compressed state in which the second vane 24 is pressed against the second piston 23, the relationship of F−(Pd−Ps) A<0 is established. In the uncompressed state in which the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23, the relationship of F−(Pd−Ps) A>0 is established.
Next, the state in which the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52 will be described.
When the second vane 24 comes into contact with the contact portion 52, the area (pressure receiving area) in which the discharge pressure Pd is applied to the second vane 24 decreases to a cross-sectional area B of the communication hole 53 formed in the contact portion 52. A change ΔF of the pressing force due to the decrease of the pressure receiving area is expressed as ΔF=(Pd−Ps)×(A−B), and it is supposed that a drawing force is applied by the amount corresponding to this change (similarly to a magnetic force and a friction force, for example, used in other embodiments described later). That is, ΔF is a difference between the “difference between the drawing force and the pressing force in the state in which the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52 (the state in which the retention mechanism retains the second vane 24)” and the “difference between the drawing force and the pressing force in the state in which the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23 and the second vane 24 is not in contact with the contact portion 52 (the state in which the retention mechanism does not retain the second vane 24).” Thus, in the state in which the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52, depending on the relationship among Ps, Pd, and F applied to the second vane 24, the second vane 24 operates as follows. Specifically, in the state in which the second vane 24 is stably retained, the relationship of F+ΔF−(Pd−Ps) A>0 is established. In a state in which the retention of the second vane 24 is cancelled, the relationship of F+ΔF−(Pd−Ps) A<0 is established.
As described above, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 1, the pressing force of pressing the second vane 24 against the second piston 23 in the second compression mechanism part 20 is smaller than that in the first compression mechanism part 10. Thus, when the pressing force decreases below a predetermined value of a pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24, the second vane 24 of the second compression mechanism part 20 moves to be separated from the second piston 23 so that the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to the cylinder cutoff state. Consequently, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 1 can reduce a compressor loss under a low load condition and increase the compressor efficiency and the capacity range, thereby enhancing energy saving performance in an actual load operation. With these advantages, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 1 does not require a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 1, the second compression mechanism part 20 includes the retention mechanism that retains the second vane 24 by coming into contact with the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the second piston 23. Thus, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 1 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In the example of Embodiment 1, the second compression mechanism part 20 to be in the cylinder cutoff state is disposed below the first compression mechanism part 10. Alternatively, the second compression mechanism part 20 to be in a cylinder cutoff state may be, of course, disposed above the first compression mechanism part 10.
In Embodiment 1, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 of the high-pressure hermetically sealed shell type has been described. However, advantages similar to those obtained in Embodiment 1 can be obtained by employing the second compression mechanism part 20 according to Embodiment 1 in a multi-cylinder rotary compressor of another shell type. For example, advantages similar to those obtained in Embodiment 1 can be obtained by employing the second compression mechanism part 20 according to Embodiment 1 in a multi-cylinder rotary compressor of a semi-closed type or a multi-cylinder rotary compressor of an intermediate shell type.
In Embodiment 1, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 including the two compression mechanism parts has been described. Alternatively, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 may include three or more compression mechanism parts. Advantages similar to those obtained in Embodiment 1 can be obtained by providing some of the compression mechanism parts with a configuration similar to that of the second compression mechanism part 20.
In Embodiment 1, the retention mechanism includes the contact portion 52 on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24, the communication hole 51a formed in the second vane 24, and the communication hole 51b formed in the second cylinder 21. However, the retention mechanism may not include the communication holes 51a and 51b as described below. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 2 is similar to that of Embodiment 1, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
In the second compression mechanism part 20 of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 2, an upper opening of a vane rear chamber 25 is closed with an intermediate partition plate 4, and a lower opening of the vane rear chamber 25 is closed with a flange portion 70b of a second support member 70. Thus, a channel allowing the vane rear chamber 25 to communicate with an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3 is constituted only by a communication hole 53 formed in a contact portion 52. In a manner similar to Embodiment 1, the contact portion 52 has a flat surface on the side of the second vane 24 to keep a certain degree of parallelism between the flat surface and a rear end 24b of the second vane 24.
In a manner similar to Embodiment 1, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration according to Embodiment 2, in a case where a pressing force occurring due to a pressure difference between a “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and a “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24” is greater than a drawing force by a tension spring 50, a front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of a second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 compresses refrigerant.
On the other hand, when a pressure (discharge pressure) of the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 decreases, the drawing force by the tension spring 50 increases above the pressing force occurring due to the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24,” the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state. When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 comes into contact with the contact portion 52.
In the state in which the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52, a discharge pressure is applied only to a portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing the communication hole 53 in the contact portion 52. Thus, in a manner similar to Embodiment 1, a pressing force applied to the second vane 24 further decreases so that the difference between the drawing force and the pressing force increases to be distinct. As a result, the second vane 24 is stably retained while being separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiment 1, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 2 can allow the second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiment 1, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 2 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 2, the channel allowing the vane rear chamber 25 to communicate with the internal space 7 of the sealed container 3 is constituted only by the communication hole 53 in the contact portion 52. Thus, to bring the second vane 24 separated from the second piston 23 into contact with the contact portion 52, lubricating oil in the vane rear chamber 25 needs to flow into the second cylinder chamber 22 through a clearance between the second vane 24 and the vane groove 29. Consequently, as compared to Embodiment 1, it takes time for the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 2 to switch the second vane 24 to a stable retention state (in which the second vane 24 is in contact with the contact portion 52). However, since the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 2 does not need to form the communication holes 51a and 51b in, for example, the second vane 24 and the second cylinder 21, costs for the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be further reduced.
Although a material for the contact portion 52 has not been specifically mentioned in Embodiments 1 and 2, the contact portion 52, for example, may be composed of a magnet (a contact portion 52 composed of a magnet will be hereinafter referred to as a magnet 54). Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 3 is similar to those of Embodiments 1 and 2, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As shown in
On the other hand, when a pressure (discharge pressure) of an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3 decreases, the drawing force by the tension spring 50 becomes greater than the pressing force occurring due to the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24,” the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state. When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, a drawing force caused by a magnetic force of the magnet 54 is applied to the second vane 24, in addition to the drawing force by the tension spring 50. Thus, the difference between the pressing force and the drawing force applied to the second vane 24 increases to be distinct so that the second vane 24 moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 to come into contact with the magnet 54.
In the state in which the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is in contact with the magnet 54, a discharge pressure is applied only to a portion of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 facing a communication hole 53 in the magnet 54. Thus, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, the pressing force applied to the second vane 24 further decreases so that the difference between the drawing force and the pressing force increases to be distinct. As a result, the second vane 24 is stably retained while being separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration as described in Embodiment 3 can allow a second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 3 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
Since the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 3 uses the magnet 54, the magnetic force of the magnet 54 needs to be controlled. However, the configuration of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 as described in Embodiment 3 enables the magnetic force of the magnet 54 to more stably retain the second vane 24 separated from the second piston 23.
The configuration of the retention mechanism is not limited to those described in Embodiments 1 to 3, and may be the configuration as follows. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 4 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 3, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As illustrated in
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 4, in a case where a pressing force occurring due to a pressure difference between a “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and a “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24” is greater than a drawing force by a tension spring 50, the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against an outer peripheral wall of a second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 compresses refrigerant.
On the other hand, when a pressure (discharge pressure) of an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3 decreases, the drawing force by the tension spring 50 increases above the pressing force occurring due to the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24,” the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state. When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, a side surface of the second vane 24 close to the rear end 24b thereof comes into contact with the friction member 56. In this state, when the second vane 24 starts moving toward the second piston 23, a friction force is generated between the second vane 24 and the friction member 56 so that the difference between the friction force and the pressing force increases to be distinct. As a result, the second vane 24 is stably retained while being separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 3, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 4 can allow the second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 3, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 4 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 4, the surface state and lubrication state of the friction member 56 changes depending on the status of use, and the friction force changes accordingly. Thus, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 4 has the task that conditions change for obtaining the pressure difference (the difference in applied pressure between the front end 24a and the rear end 24b of the second vane 24) enough to retain the second vane 24.
The second compression mechanism part 20 of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 described in each of Embodiments 1 to 4 includes the tension spring 50 that applies a drawing force to the second vane 24. However, the second vane 24 can move in the vane groove 29 only by using a pressure difference between a “suction pressure applied to the front end 24a of the second vane 24” and a “discharge pressure applied to the rear end 24b of the second vane 24.” Thus, the present invention can be carried out with a configuration in which the tension spring 50 is not provided in the second compression mechanism part 20 of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 described in each of Embodiments 1 to 4. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 5 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 4, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs. In the following description, a multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 5 will be described with reference to, for example, a configuration in which the tension spring 50 is removed from the second compression mechanism part 20 of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 illustrated in Embodiment 3.
As illustrated in
When refrigerant is compressed in the first compression mechanism part 10, a first vane 14 moves in a vane groove 19 following eccentric rotation of a first piston 13 with a front end 14a of the first vane 14 being pressed against an outer peripheral wall of the first piston 13. Similarly, when refrigerant is compressed in the second compression mechanism part 20, a second vane 24 moves in the vane groove 29 following eccentric rotation of the second piston 23 with a front end 24a of the second vane 24 being pressed against an outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23. That is, when refrigerant is compressed in the first compression mechanism part 10 and the second compression mechanism part 20, an inertial force serving as a drawing force is applied to the first vane 14 and the second vane 24 in accordance with the eccentric rotation of the first piston 13 and the second piston 23.
Thus, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 5, in a case where a pressing force occurring due to a pressure difference between a “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and a “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24” is greater than a drawing force by an inertial force, the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 compresses refrigerant.
On the other hand, when a pressure (discharge pressure) of an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3 decreases, the drawing force by the inertial force increases above the pressing force occurring due to the pressure difference between the “suction pressure applied to the entire front end 24a of the second vane 24” and the “discharge pressure applied to the entire rear end 24b of the second vane 24,” the second vane 24 moves away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state. When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 comes into contact with the magnet 54, and the second vane 24 is stably retained.
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 4, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described in Embodiment 5 can allow the second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 4, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 5 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In a case where a retention mechanism includes a contact portion 52, this contact portion 52 may have the following configuration. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 6 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 5, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As illustrated in
The configuration of the contact portion 52 of Embodiment 6 enables a shift allowance of the degree of parallelism between the contact portion 52 and the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 to be larger than that in the case of using a contact portion 52 including no elastic member 52a. Thus, the configuration of the contact portion 52 as described in Embodiment 6 eases assembly of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100.
In a case where a retention mechanism includes a contact portion 52 having a communication hole 53, a rear end 24b of a second vane 24 may be formed in the following shape. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 7 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 6, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
For example, as illustrated in
In Embodiment 7, upper and lower openings of the vane rear chamber 25 are closed with an intermediate partition plate 4 and a flange portion 70b of a second support member 70.
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 6, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration as described in Embodiment 7 can allow the second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 6, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 7 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 7, when the protrusion 55 of the second vane 24 is fitted in the communication hole 53 of the contact portion 52, a large pressure loss occurs at the inlet/outlet of the communication hole 53. Thus, an area of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 to which a discharge pressure is applied can be reduced, thereby allowing the second vane 24 to come into contact with the contact portion 52 more easily (achieving more stable retention).
In a case where the contact portion 52 is composed of a magnet (magnet 54), the magnet 54 may be an electromagnet.
In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 7, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration described above can allow a second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to a cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In addition, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 7, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 8 can stably retain the location of a second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from an outer peripheral wall of a second piston 23.
Since the magnet 54 is composed of the electromagnet in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 8, electric wiring needs to be additionally provided. However, a magnetic force can be generated only when necessary by supplying power to the magnet, and thus, the second compression mechanism part 20 can freely switch to the cylinder cutoff state.
In a case where a drawing force by a spring is applied to the second vane 24, the drawing force may be applied to the second vane 24 without the use of a tension spring 50, and the configuration may be as follows. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 9 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 4 and 6 to 8, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As illustrated in
As described above, in a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 4 and 6 to 8, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 having the configuration as described in Embodiment 9 can allow the second compression mechanism part 20 to switch to the cylinder cutoff state without the need for a mechanical capacity controlling unit including, for example, a shut-off valve, a switching valve, and a pipe, required by the multi-cylinder rotary compressor of Patent Literature 1. Thus, increase in size and costs of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced. In a manner similar to Embodiments 1 to 4 and 6 to 8, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 9 can stably retain the location of the second vane 24 when the second vane 24 moves to be separated from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23.
In the case of using a magnet 54 as a contact portion 52, the magnet 54 may have the following shape. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 10 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 9, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As illustrated in
As described with reference to
On the other hand, when a pressure (discharge pressure) of an internal space 7 of a sealed container 3 decreases, the second vane 24 moves away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, and the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to a cylinder cutoff state. When the second vane 24 then moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23, a drawing force due to the magnetic force of the magnet 54 is applied to the second vane 24. Thus, the difference between the pressing force and the drawing force applied to the second vane 24 increases to be distinct so that the second vane 24 moves further away from the outer peripheral wall of the second piston 23 to come into contact with the magnet 54.
At this time, since the magnet 54 according to Embodiment 10 has the pair of projecting portions 54a projecting toward the second vane 24, the magnetic force of the magnet 54 can be applied to the second vane 24 in a state where the distance between the second vane 24 and the magnet 54 is larger than that in the state where no projecting portions 54a are included. In addition, since the area where the second vane 24 faces the magnet 54 (the area to which the magnetic force is applied) increases, a larger magnetic force can be applied to the second vane 24. Thus, in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 10, the second vane 24 can more easily come into contact with the magnet 54 than in the case of using the magnet 54 including no projecting portions 54a, and thus, the second vane 24 can be more stably retained.
The multi-cylinder rotary compressors 100 described in Embodiments 1 to 10 can be used for, for example, a vapor compression refrigeration cycle system as described below.
The vapor compression refrigeration cycle system 500 according to Embodiment 11 includes the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 of any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, a radiator 300 for transferring heat from refrigerant compressed in the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100, an expansion mechanism 200 for expanding refrigerant from the radiator 300, and an evaporator 400 for causing refrigerant from the expansion mechanism 200 to absorb heat.
By including the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 of any one of Embodiments 1 to 10 as in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle system 500 according to Embodiment 11, increases in size and costs of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle system 500 can be prevented, and energy saving performance in an actual load operation can be enhanced.
In a case where a contact portion 52 is composed of a magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet, a multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 may be configured as follows. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 12 is similar to that of one of Embodiments 1 to 10, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
[Basic Configuration]
A basic configuration of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 12 is similar to the basic configurations of the multi-cylinder rotary compressors 100 described in Embodiments 1 to 10. Specifically, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 12 includes a drive shaft 5 having eccentric-pin shaft portions 5c and 5d, an electric motor 8 for driving and rotating the drive shaft 5, first and second compression mechanism parts 10 and 20 (two compression mechanisms), and a sealed container 3 housing the electric motor 8, the first compression mechanism part 10, and the second compression mechanism part 20 and storing lubricating oil at the bottom thereof.
The first compression mechanism part 10 includes a first cylinder 11 including a first cylinder chamber 12 into which low-pressure refrigerant is sucked from a suction pressure space (a suction muffler 6 and a cylinder suction channel 17) and from which compressed high-pressure refrigerant is discharged to a discharge pressure space (into a sealed container 3), a ring-shaped first piston 13 slidably attached to the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5c of the drive shaft 5 and eccentrically rotatable in the first cylinder 11, a first vane 14 for partitioning the first cylinder chamber 12 into two spaces when a front end 14a of the first vane 14 is pressed against an outer peripheral surface of the first piston 13, a vane groove 19 housing the first vane 14 in such a manner that the first vane 14 can reciprocate and being open to the first cylinder 11, and a vane rear chamber 15 housing a rear end 14b of the first vane 14 and communicating with the first cylinder chamber 12. Similarly, the second compression mechanism part 20 includes a second cylinder 21 including a second cylinder chamber 22 into which low-pressure refrigerant is sucked from a suction pressure space (the suction muffler 6 and the cylinder suction channel 27) and from which compressed high-pressure refrigerant is discharged to a discharge pressure space (into the sealed container 3), a ring-shaped second piston 23 slidably attached to the eccentric-pin shaft portion 5d of the drive shaft 5 and eccentrically rotatable in the second cylinder 21, a second vane 24 partitioning the second cylinder chamber 22 into two spaces when a front end 24a of the second vane 24 is pressed against an outer peripheral surface of the second piston 23, a vane groove 29 housing the second vane 24 in such a manner that the second vane 24 can reciprocate and being open to the second cylinder 21, and a vane rear chamber 25 housing a rear end 24b of the second vane 24 and communicating with the second cylinder chamber 22.
The first cylinder chamber 12 and the second cylinder chamber 22 always communicate with the suction pressure space. The vane rear chambers 15 and 25 always communicate with the discharge pressure space. A suction pressure and a discharge pressure are respectively applied to the front ends 14a and 24a and the rear ends 14b and 24b of the first vane 14 and the second vane 24. A force is applied to the first vane 14 and the second vane 24 in such a direction that the first vane 14 and the second vane 24 come into contact with the first piston 13 and the second piston 23 in accordance with the difference between the pressure applied to the front ends 14a and 24a and the pressure applied to the rear ends 14b and 24b. A force applied in this contact direction will be referred to as a first force.
A compression spring 40 is provided in the vane rear chamber 15 of the first compression mechanism part 10, and a force is applied in such a direction that the first vane 14 comes into contact with the first piston 13. The first force is applied even when no such pressure difference occurs.
[Characteristic Configuration of Embodiment 12]
The multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 12 has the following characteristic configuration.
The vane rear chamber 25 of the second compression mechanism part 20 includes, as a contact portion 52, a magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet. The multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 12 includes a low-pressure introduction mechanism 110 for introducing low-pressure refrigerant from a suction pressure space into, for example, part of a space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 in a state in which the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23 (more specifically, the second vane 24 is attracted by the magnet 54). The low-pressure introduction mechanism 110 includes a channel 111 for causing the suction pressure space (more specifically a cylinder suction channel 27) to communicate with a space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 and a sealer 112 for opening and closing the channel 111. The sealer 112 is disposed at an inlet of the channel 111 on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 and is biased to close the channel 111. When the second vane 24 comes into contact with the sealer 112 (more specifically a projection 112a projecting toward the second vane 24), the sealer 112 opens the channel 111 so that low-pressure refrigerant is introduced from the suction pressure space to, for example, part of a space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24. The channel 111 and the sealer 112 are provided in the non-magnetic retention member 113, together with the magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet.
The magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet, applies a magnetic suction force to the second vane 24 in a direction away from the second piston 23. As illustrated in
Specifically, the first force and the second force are always applied to the second vane 24, and the second compression mechanism part 20 autonomously switches between a compressed state in which the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is in contact with the second piston 23 and a cylinder cutoff state (uncompressed state) in which the front end 24a of the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23, depending on the magnitude correlation between the first force and the second force. In other words, when the first force is greater than the second force, the second compression mechanism part 20 switches to the compressed state, and when the second force is greater than the first force, the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23 so that the second cylinder chamber 22 is in a cylinder cutoff state in which no compression chamber is formed. When the second vane 24 is once separated from the second piston 23, the second vane 24 approaches the magnet 54, and the second force applied to the second vane 24 increases because of characteristics of the permanent magnet described with reference to
To switch the second compression mechanism part 20 to the compressed state again, it is required that the first force is greater than the second force. A second force obtained when the second vane 24 is attracted by the magnet 54 is larger than a second force obtained when the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23. Thus, a first force obtained when the second compression mechanism part 20 switches from the uncompressed state to the compressed state is larger than a first force obtained when the second compression mechanism part 20 switches from the compressed state to the cylinder cutoff state.
[Operation of Second Compression Mechanism Part]
In a region less than or equal to a pressure difference ΔP1 at which the second compression mechanism part 20 switches from a compressed state to a cylinder cutoff state, the relationship of first force<second force is always established, and the second vane 24 is in the cylinder cutoff state in which the second vane 24 is always separated from the second piston 23. This region will be hereinafter referred to as an always cylinder cutoff operation region.
In a region greater than or equal to a pressure difference ΔP2 at which the second compression mechanism part 20 switches from the cylinder cutoff state to the compressed state, the relationship of first force>second force is always established, and the second compression mechanism part 20 is in the compressed state. This region will be hereinafter referred to as an always compression operation region.
A region between the two regions described above is a region in which any one of the compressed state and the cylinder cutoff state can be selected. This region will be hereinafter referred to as a hysteresis region.
The second vane 24 is brought into contact with the second piston 23 by temporarily increasing the pressure difference ΔP to the always compression operation region, and then the second compression mechanism part 20 is switched to the compressed state in the hysteresis region (becomes able to perform a compression operation) by reducing the pressure difference ΔP to the hysteresis region.
The second vane 24 is moved to be separated from the second piston 23 by temporarily reducing the pressure difference ΔP to the always cylinder cutoff operation region, and then the second compression mechanism part 20 is switched to the cylinder cutoff state in the hysteresis region by increasing the pressure difference ΔP to the hysteresis region.
The above-described operation in the hysteresis region can be obtained only by using characteristics of a permanent magnet. However, since the magnetic suction force tends to rapidly increase at a location close to a permanent magnet as shown in
[Operation of Low-Pressure Introduction Mechanism Part]
When the second vane 24 is attracted by the magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet, the projection 112a of the sealer 112 is pushed by the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 so that the sealer 112 is tilted. The tilt of the sealer 112 opens the channel 111 closed with the sealer 112 so that low-pressure refrigerant is supplied from a suction pressure space to, for example, part of a space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24. When a low pressure is supplied to the space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24, the area of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 to which a discharge pressure is applied decreases, and thus, a first force due to the pressure difference ΔP applied to the second vane 24 decreases.
Consequently, a difference in first force occurs between before and after attraction of the second vane 24 by the magnet 54, which is a permanent magnet, as shown in
That is, the introduction of a low pressure to the space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 can reduce the first force and also reduce the attracting magnetic force equivalent to the first force. By reducing the attracting magnetic force, a sufficient attracting magnetic force can also be obtained in a region where the attracting magnetic force gently changes. Thus, a variation in switching operation can be reduced without an increase in size of the permanent magnet.
[Advantages]
The second compression mechanism part 20 of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 described in each of Embodiments 1 to 10 has a configuration showing hysteresis of the first force or the second force between before and after attraction of the second vane 24, and can autonomously switch between the compressed state and the uncompressed state (cylinder cutoff state) by using a hysteresis effect in any case, but has the problem of a variation in the pressure difference ΔP during the switching. On the other hand, in the configuration of the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 as described in Embodiment 12, both the first force and the second force show hysteresis, and the necessary second force is smaller than that in a case where one of the first force or the second force shows hysteresis. Thus, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 can be used in a region where the second force gently varies, and a stable operation can be achieved with a small variation of the pressure difference ΔP in autonomously switching between the compressed state and the uncompressed state (cylinder cutoff state).
The communication holes 51a and 51b described in, for example, Embodiment 1 are used for introducing low-pressure refrigerant from a suction pressure space to, for example, part of the space on the side of the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 in a state in which the second vane 24 is separated from the second piston 23 (specifically, the second vane 24 is attracted by the magnet 54). Thus, instead of or in addition to the channel 111, the communication holes 51a and 51b may be included as components of the low-pressure introduction mechanism 110. In this case, the communication hole 51b corresponds to the first channel of the present invention, and the communication hole 51a corresponds to the second channel of the present invention.
In the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to the Embodiment 12, a tension spring may be provided at the rear end 24b of the second vane 24, as described in, for example, Embodiment 1. Specifically, an inertial force F1 applied to the second vane 24 can be defined as F1=mrω2[N], where m [kg] is a weight of the second vane 24, r [m] is an inradius of the second cylinder 21 (i.e., the radius of the second cylinder chamber 22), and ω [rad/sec] is an angular velocity of the electric motor 8. Alternatively, the second force may be greater than the inertial force F1 when the second compression mechanism part 20 switches from the compressed state to the uncompressed state. In this manner, the time of switching of the second compression mechanism part 20 from the compressed state to the uncompressed state can be easily adjusted.
The low-pressure introduction mechanism 110 described in Embodiment 12 may be configured as follows. Part of the configuration not specifically described in Embodiment 13 is similar to that of Embodiment 12, and the same functions and components are denoted by the same reference signs.
As compared to Embodiment 12, the multi-cylinder rotary compressor 100 according to Embodiment 13 includes a spacer 120 made of a non-magnetic material and disposed between a magnet 54 and a rear end 24b of a second vane 24. In this manner, a space can be formed between the second vane 24 and the magnet 54 when the second vane 24 is attracted by the magnet 54 to prevent the magnet 54 from coming into direct contact with the rear end 24b of the second vane 24.
An attracting magnetic force in the case of forming a space between the magnet 54 and the rear end 24b of the second vane 24 is smaller than that in the case of directly attaching by attraction, and can be controlled depending on the thickness of the spacer 120. The control of the attracting magnetic force eases a design change of the pressure difference ΔP in switching from an uncompressed state to a compressed state. As illustrated in
The multi-cylinder rotary compressors 100 according to Embodiments 12 and 13 may be, of course, used for the vapor compression refrigeration cycle system 500 according to Embodiment 11. In this case, advantages similar to those obtained in Embodiment 11 can be obtained.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-094151 | Apr 2013 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/061713 | 4/25/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/175429 | 10/30/2014 | WO | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1950612 | Apr 2007 | CN |
| 2 428 641 | Mar 2012 | EP |
| 61-159691 | Jul 1986 | JP |
| 2005-171848 | Jun 2005 | JP |
| 2007-64110 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2008-128231 | Jun 2008 | JP |
| 2010-163926 | Jul 2010 | JP |
| 4594301 | Dec 2010 | JP |
| 2011-127475 | Jun 2011 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| Combined Chinese Office Action and Search Report dated Aug. 15, 2016 in Patent Application No. 201480023073.0 (with English translation and English translation of categories of cited documents). |
| Extended European Search Report dated Nov. 7, 2016 in patent application No. 14788378.9. |
| Office Action dated Sep. 27, 2016 in Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-513852 (with English language translation). |
| International Search Report dated Jul. 15, 2014 for PCT/JP2014/061713 filed on Apr. 25, 2014. |
| European Patent Office Communication pursuant to Article 94(3) EPC issued in European Application No. 14788378.9 dated Sep. 22, 2017. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160047379 A1 | Feb 2016 | US |
