Patent Grant
7971414
The present invention relates to blister packs for storing medication, for example, and more particularly, to blister packs for storing multiple doses of medication, vitamins, or other over-the-counter substances for ingestion.
Various products such as over-the-counter pharmaceuticals have conventionally been offered in single-dose blister cards for providing a consumer individual doses of the product. The blister cards generally comprise a thin sheet of transparent material defining a plurality of blisters. A removable foil backing, which alternatively could be plastic or film, is typically adhered to the transparent material for sealing each blister individually. Each blister contains a single dose such as one or two tablets of the subject medication, e.g., cold medicine. Some manufacturers of the blister cards include perforations between the individual blisters, thereby enabling a consumer to remove one or more blisters from the blister card for transporting or discarding, for example. Immediately prior to ingestion, the consumer needs only to apply a force to the blister and push the medicine through the foil or peel-off backing.
Such conventional single-dose blister cards are also utilized by pharmacists for prescription medications. Additionally, in recent years, pharmacists have begun utilizing multi-dose blister cards. Multi-dose blister cards are constructed generally identical to single-dose blister cards, although slightly larger in some cases. For example, multi-dose blister cards include individual blisters sized and configured to accommodate multiple tablets, and more particularly, multiple doses of different medications. Such multi-dose blister cards can help reduce confusion among patients having to ingest multiple prescriptions, for example, on any given day. One typical multi-dose blister card may include, for example, an individual blister for each day of the week, where each blister contains the prescribed medication for that day. Accordingly, the blisters for Monday, Wednesday, and Friday may contain, for example, two drug tablets, while the blisters for Tuesday and Thursday may contain three drug tablets. Accordingly, the patient must only identify the day of the week (and time of day) to ensure that all prescribed medications are ingested for that day.
Generally, there are two methods available for preparing such multi-dose blister cards. A first method includes a trained technician manually placing the appropriate drug in each blister. Additionally, most states within the United States of America require that a licensed pharmacist personally review and confirm that the entire blister card contains the correct drug or drugs, as well as the doses for each, prior to delivering the prescription to the patient. Such manual preparation is time-consuming, prone to human error, and costly.
Another method for filling such multi-dose blister packs includes utilizing a complex machine that holds the empty blister pack and sorts drugs into the appropriate blisters in an automated or semi-automated fashion. Once the blister cards are filled, however, a licensed pharmacist must personally review and confirm the contents in accordance with local laws. Such machines involve complex hardware and software components, and thus are costly to implement.
One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for filling a blister card with at least one product. The apparatus can comprise a press plate, a transfer fixture, and tray. The press plate is adapted for displacement between a first position and a second position to force a plurality of tablets of at least one product out of a corresponding plurality of blisters carried by a first blister card. The transfer fixture comprises a plurality of passageways, each passageway being adapted to receive one tablet of the plurality of tablets when the plurality of tablets are forced out of the first blister card, thereby transferring the plurality of tablets into a corresponding plurality of blisters carried by a second blister card. The tray supports the second blister card.
In some embodiments, the transfer fixture can comprise a plurality of feed tubes defining the plurality of passageways.
In some embodiments, the transfer fixture can further comprises a top plate and a bottom plate connected to opposite ends of the plurality of feed tubes.
In such an embodiment, each of the plurality of feed tubes can be disposed at an angle relative to the top and bottom plates such as to generate friction between the plurality of feed tubes and the plurality of tablets when the plurality of tablets move through the plurality of feed tubes.
In some embodiments, the top plate can define a plurality of inlet apertures and the bottom plate can define a plurality of outlet apertures, wherein the inlet and outlet apertures are in communication with the passageways defined by the plurality of feed tubes.
In another embodiment, the top plate can further comprise a plurality of teeth disposed at least partly around each of the inlet apertures for facilitating removal of the plurality of tablets from the first blister card.
In a still further embodiment, the tray can define a plurality of cavities for accommodating the plurality of blisters of the second blister card.
In a yet further embodiment, a shaker table can be connected to the tray for selectively vibrating the tray.
In an alternative embodiment, the transfer fixture is selected from a plurality of transfer fixtures, wherein each of the plurality of transfer fixtures have a distinct arrangement of passageways for transferring the plurality of tablets to the second blister card.
In another alternative embodiment, the plurality of feed tubes are adjustably connected to at least one of the top and bottom plates such that the position of each feed tube relative to at least one of the top and bottom plates can be adjusted between a plurality of distinct configurations for transferring the plurality of tablets to the second blister card.
In some embodiments, a plurality of protrusions extend from the press plate, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged and configured such that each protrusion corresponds to one of the plurality of blisters on the first blister card.
In such an embodiment, the plurality of protrusions and the plurality of blisters on the first blister card can be arranged and configured in a common matrix.
In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions can be movably connected to the press plate such that the configuration of the plurality of protrusions relative to the press plate can be adjusted between a plurality of distinct configurations.
In another embodiment, the press plate can be selected from a plurality of press plates, wherein each of the plurality of press plates have a distinct configuration of protrusions.
An alternative embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for transferring a plurality of tablets of a product from a first plurality of corresponding blisters disposed on a first blister card to a corresponding second plurality of blisters disposed on a second blister card. The apparatus comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, and a plurality of passageways. The top plate defines a plurality of inlet apertures, wherein each inlet aperture receives at least one of the plurality of tablets from a corresponding blister of the first blister card. The bottom plate defines a plurality of outlet apertures, wherein each outlet aperture for directing at least one of the plurality of tablets into a corresponding blister of the second blister card. The plurality of passageways extend between the inlet apertures and the outlet apertures. The plurality of passageways allow the plurality of tablets to be transferred between the plurality of inlet apertures and the plurality of outlet apertures.
In some embodiments, each of the plurality of passageways are disposed at an angle relative to at least one of the top plate and the bottom plate such as to generate friction between the plurality of passageways and the plurality of tablets when the plurality of tablets are being transferred therethrough.
In some embodiments, the transfer fixture comprises a plurality of feed tubes defining the plurality of passageways.
In some embodiments, a plurality of teeth are disposed at least partly around each of the inlet apertures defined by the top plate for facilitating removal of the plurality of tablets from the first blister card.
In an alternative embodiment, the transfer fixture is selected from a plurality of transfer fixtures, wherein each of the plurality of transfer fixtures have a distinct arrangement of passageways for transferring the plurality of tablets from the first blister card to the second blister card.
In another alternative embodiment, the plurality of feed tubes are adjustably connected to at least one of the top and bottom plates such that the position of each feed tube relative to at least one of the top and bottom plates can be adjusted between a plurality of distinct configurations for transferring the plurality of tablets from the first blister card to the second blister card.
A still further alternative embodiment provided by the present disclosure includes apparatus for transferring a plurality of tablets of a product from a plurality of blisters of an intermediate blister card to a plurality of blisters of a multi-dose blister card. The apparatus comprises an actuator, a press plate, and a transfer. The press plate is operably coupled to the actuator and adapted for displacement between a first position and a second position to force the plurality of tablets out of the plurality of blisters on the intermediate blister card. The transfer fixture is disposed opposite the press plate from the actuator, and comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, and a plurality of feed tubes extending between the top plate and the bottom plate. The plurality of feed tubes define a plurality of passageways arranged and configured to transfer the plurality of tablets from the plurality of blisters of the intermediate blister card to the plurality of blisters of the multi-dose blister card.
In some embodiments, each of the plurality of feed tubes are disposed at an angle relative to the top and bottom plates such as to generate friction between the plurality of feed tubes and the plurality of tablets when the plurality of tablets are transferred through the plurality of feed tubes.
In some embodiments, the top plate defines a plurality of inlet apertures and the bottom plate defines a plurality of outlet apertures, wherein the inlet and outlet apertures in communication with the passageways defined by the plurality of feed tubes.
In another embodiment, the top plate further comprises a plurality of teeth disposed at least partly around each of the inlet apertures for facilitating removal of the plurality of tablets from the first blister card.
In yet another embodiment, a tray is disposed opposite the transfer fixture from the press plate and defines a plurality of cavities for accommodating the plurality of blisters of the multi-dose blister card.
In a still further embodiment, a shaker table is connected to the tray for selectively vibrating the tray.
In an alternative embodiment, the transfer fixture is selected from a plurality of transfer fixtures, wherein each of the plurality of transfer fixtures having a distinct arrangement of feed tubes for transferring the plurality of tablets to the multi-dose blister card.
In another alternative embodiment, the plurality of feed tubes are adjustably connected to at least one of the top and bottom plates such that the position of each feed tube relative to at least one of the top and bottom plates can be adjusted between a plurality of distinct configurations for transferring the plurality of tablets to the multi-dose blister card.
In a still further embodiment, a plurality of protrusions extend from the press plate, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged and configured such that each protrusion corresponds to one of the plurality of blisters on the intermediate blister card.
In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions and the plurality of blisters on the intermediate blister card are arranged and configured in a common matrix.
In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions are movably connected to the press plate such that the configuration of the plurality of protrusions relative to the press plate can be adjusted between a plurality of distinct configurations.
In another alternative embodiment, the press plate is selected from a plurality of press plates, wherein each of the plurality of press plates have a distinct configuration of protrusions.
a is a perspective view of a system for filling multi-dose blister cards in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
b is another perspective view of a system for filling multi-dose blister cards in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the invention is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims.
It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘——————’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term be limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph.
In the disclosed embodiment, the cover 14 includes an inside surface 18 carrying a patient identification label 20 and a product information storage device 22. The product information storage device 22 may include, for example, a bar code or a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Additionally, the depicted embodiment of the package 10 may include a timer 24 such as an electronic timer for signaling to a patient, for example, when to take his/her medication. The timer 24 is depicted in phantom in
The multi-dose blister card 12 of the package 10 depicted in
Accordingly, the multi-dose blister card 12 of
Additionally, in the embodiment depicted in
With continued reference to
Additionally, as depicted in
However, an alternative embodiment of the package 10 may include a customized multi-dose blister card 12 for each patient. For example, for a patient receiving a 7-day prescription that begins on Tuesday, for example, the indicia 42 on the multi-dose blister card 12 may be printed specific for that prescription. Thus, each cell 38 in the first row, which is identified by reference numeral 30a in
With reference now to
The filling machine 100 generally comprises a press 102 and a transfer fixture 104. The press 102 and the transfer fixture 104 are utilized in combination with one or more intermediate cartridges 118 to fill the appropriate blisters or cells 26 of the multi-dose blister card 12, which is shown in
The intermediate cards 118 generally include single-dose blister cards. For example, in the embodiment depicted in
Notwithstanding the number or configuration of tablets stored in the intermediate card 118, the intermediate card 118 is positioned above the transfer fixture 104 with the blisters 126 facing upward, relative to the orientation of
More specifically, and with continued reference to
The transfer fixture 104 of the embodiment depicted in
Additionally, in one embodiment, the inlet apertures 140 in the top plate 134 are laterally offset from the outlet apertures 142 in the bottom plate 136 such that the feed tubes 138 extend at an angle α that is less than ninety-degrees between the top and bottom plates 134, 136. In one embodiment, the angle α is between approximately eighty degrees (80°) and approximately eighty-nine degrees (89°), for example. However, the angle α may ultimately be any angle less than ninety-degrees to serve the principles of the present invention. So configured, friction is generated between the tablets traveling through the passageways of the feed tubes 138, thereby controlling the loading of the tablets into the multi-dose blister card 12 by regulating the speed of the tablets. This ensures that the tablets are loaded into the proper blisters 26 and do not bounce out upon loading. In some embodiments, the feed tubes 138 may be constructed of a material that assists with this friction generating function. For example, in some embodiments, the feed tubes 138 may be constructed of a plastic material or a metal material.
Furthermore, as depicted in
Referring back to
Based on the foregoing, it should generally be appreciated that each of the above-described components provide a simple system, machine, and method for loading a multi-dose blister card 12 with a variety of medications for a particular patient having a particular prescription. Specifically, during operation, a technician loads the multi-dose blister card 12 onto the blister tray 110. This is accomplished by placing the blister card 12 such that the blisters 26 are received within the cavities 146 of the blister tray 110. At this point, the blister card 12 is empty and does not include the backing 119. Therefore, the blisters 26 are free to accept tablets from above. It should be appreciated that while
With the blister card 12 in place, the technician places the transfer fixture 104 in the filling machine 100 such that the outlet apertures 142 in the bottom plate 136 are aligned with the open blisters 26 in the blister card 12. In one embodiment, the filling machine 100 then raises the blister tray 110 and the multi-dose blister card 12 up to the bottom plate 136 of the transfer fixture 104. In such an embodiment, the transfer fixture 104 could be provided within a rack (not shown) or some other carrier assembly (not shown) that forms part of the filling machine 100.
The technician then retrieves a particular tote corresponding to the prescription associated with the blister card 12, if the tote has not already been retrieved. The tote will contain a number of pre-picked intermediate cards 118 that are sequenced in an appropriate order for the press. The pre-picking of intermediate cards 118 to a tote for delivery or retrieval by a press operator greatly increases the efficiency of the overall system and method by allowing standard intermediate cards to be sequenced in a correct order and placed in a tote.
Next, the technician selects a first intermediate card 118 from a tote (or from a bin if a tote has not been pre-picked) containing a first drug in accordance with the patient's prescription. For example, in the disclosed embodiment, the first intermediate card 118 may include one tablet in each of the twenty-eight blisters 126, representing that the patient must take the prescription four times per day. The technician may identify the specific intermediate card 118 from a supply of many intermediate cards stored in a shelving system or a drawer loading system, for example. In one embodiment, the technician simply identifies the appropriate intermediate card 118 and scans the product identifier device 121, which may include a barcode or an RFID tag. Alternatively, the system could be configured to automatically scan the intermediate card 118 (or a bar code, etc. on the intermediate card 118) to perform a safety check. Once scanned, a computer, for example, may indicate whether or not the proper intermediate card 118 has been selected (described further below). In an alternative embodiment, the technician may make use of generally any kind of inventory control system such as that which is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0088231 A1, entitled “Method and Apparatus For Filling Stock Orders,” which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
With the proper intermediate card 118 selected, the technician then places the intermediate card 118 on the top plate 134 of the transfer fixture 104 such that the backing material 119 engages the teeth 144 partially surrounding the inlet apertures 140 and the blisters 126 face up. The technician then actuates the actuator 108 to apply a downward force to the press plate 106 via the piston 114. As the cleats 130 engage the blisters 126 of the intermediate card 118, the teeth 144 on the top plate 134 of the transfer fixture 104 perforate the backing material 119 of the intermediate card 118. Continued movement of the press plate 106 causes the cleats 130 to collapse the blisters 126 into engagement with the tablets, which in turn, pushes the tablets through the backing material 119. As mentioned above, the teeth 144 provided on the top plate 134 of the transfer fixture 104 cut the backing material 119 in a calculated manner to advantageously provide a clean cut to reduce the possibility of pieces of the backing material 119 breaking off and falling into the transfer fixture 104 and/or the multi-dose blister card 12. Additionally, because the teeth 144 surround less than the entirety of the inlet apertures 140, a portion of the backing material 119 adjacent the blisters 126 may remain attached to the intermediate card 118, thereby further reducing the possibility of the backing material 119 breaking off. Thus, as described, the filling machine 100 provides for cutting the backing material with the teeth 144 and pushing the tablets out of the intermediate card 118 in a single step, e.g., generally simultaneously.
Once the cleats 130 push the tablets out of the first intermediate card 118, the tablets fall through the corresponding feed tubes 138 of the transfer fixture 104. As stated above, the feed tubes 138 may be disposed at an angle α relative to the top and bottom plates 134, 136 such that the tablets slide against the inside surfaces of the feed tubes 138, thereby generating some amount of friction. This friction serves to slow the travel of the tablets. Therefore, the tablets exit the feed tubes 138 and are safely deposited into the corresponding blisters 26 of the multi-dose blister card 12. As stated above, for the purposes of explanation, the first intermediate card 118 may include tablets in each of the twenty-eight blisters 126. Therefore, the multi-dose blister card 12 is loaded with a tablet in each of its twenty-eight blisters. This may be illustrated by the tablets identified by reference numeral 34 in
With the first intermediate card 118 emptied into the multi-does blister card 12, the technician removes the intermediate card 118 from the top plate 134 of the transfer fixture. If the instant prescription requires a second prescription to be loaded into the multi-dose blister card 12, the technician then retrieves the next intermediate card in order in the tote. Alternatively, the technician may return to the inventory storage system and retrieve a second intermediate card 118 containing the second prescription if a tote was not pre-picked. The second prescription may or may not require the patient to ingest a specific medication as often as the first prescription. The intermediate card 118 containing the second prescription may reflect the frequency at which the second prescription is to be ingested. For example, the second prescription may include a medication that is to be ingested twice daily, once at “Noon” and once at “Night.” This may be illustrated by the tablet identified by reference numeral 36 in
Once the technician retrieves the proper intermediate card 118 for the second prescription, the card 118 may be loaded into the filling machine 100. Specifically, the intermediate card 118 is positioned on top of the top plate 134 of the transfer fixture 104 with the blisters 126 facing the cleats 130 of the press plate 106. The intermediate card 118 may then be scanned by the operator to ensure that the appropriate card corresponding to the prescription was selected by the operator, or the intermediate card 118 may be automatically scanned when it is placed in the transfer fixture 104. Thereafter, the technician may operate the filling machine 100 in a manner identical to that described above for depositing the tablets 36 into the multi-dose blister card 12 in a single step, e.g., generally simultaneously. At this point, the second intermediate card 118 is removed from the filling machine 100. If more prescriptions are required for filling the particular multi-dose blister card 12 for the particular patient, it should be appreciated that the technician may implement additional prescriptions via additional intermediate cards 118 in the same fashion as that just described. However, upon the technician completely filling the multi-dose blister card 12 for the particular patient, the technician swings the blister tray 110 out of the way where the multi-dose blister card 12 can be placed into or accessed by a heat sealer to apply and seal the foil backing material 19 thereto. In some embodiment, the backing material 118 can be applied by other sealing methods such as self adhesive backing on the foil, for example. In some embodiments, the transfer fixture 104 may need to be removed before swinging the blister tray 110 out of the way.
Alternatively, the technician may remove the multi-dose blister card 12 from the filling machine 100. From here, the cover 14 of the package 10 including the blister card 12 (depicted in
Although not specifically depicted in the figures, the filling machine 100 may include various elements for containing and aligning the components thereof, as well as the intermediate cards 118 and the multi-dose blister card 12. For example, in some embodiments, the filling machine 100 may include one or more sidewalls extending the height of the filling machine 100 from the blister tray 110 to the press plate 106. The sidewalls may include ledges or pins, for example, for supporting any one of the blister tray 110, the transfer fixture 104, and the intermediate and multi-dose blister cards 118, 12. Additionally, the sidewall may support the first and second identifying devices 116a, 116b, which are depicted in
For example,
The product package 300 depicted in
The cover 314 includes an inside surface 318 carrying a patient identification label 320 and a product information storage device 322. The product information storage device 322 may include, for example, a bar code or a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Additionally, the depicted embodiment of the package 300 may include a timer 324 such as an electronic timer for signaling to a patient, for example, when to take his/her medication. The timer 324 is depicted in phantom such that it may be understood that the timer 324 may be retained between multiple plies of the material forming the cover 314 such that a visual indicator such as a blinking light may be disposed on an outside surface of the cover 314. In another embodiment, the timer 324 may include an audible indicator such as a speaker for emitting a beep, for example. Although not depicted, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments of the package 300 may include either or both of the patient identification label 320 and the product information storage device 322 on an outside surface of the cover 314. So configured, such information may be readily attainable without having to open the cover 314.
The multi-dose blister card 312 of the package 300 depicted in
Thus, the patient that has been prescribed the multi-dose blister card 312 knows to ingest both tablet 334 and tablet 336 on “Tuesday” of “Wk. 1.” Additionally, in the disclosed embodiment, each of the blisters 326 of the multi-dose blister card 312 contain two tablets, one of medication 334 and one of medication 336. Accordingly, the patient has been prescribed the same dosage of the same medication(s) each day of the week. Further still, in the embodiment of the product package 300 disclosed in
With continued reference to
Additionally, as depicted, each cell 338 includes indicia 342 indicating to the patient what day to ingest the tablets stored in the particular blisters 326. For example, the blister 326 located at the first row 330a and the fourth column 332d includes indicia 342 identifying “WED,” “Wk. 1.” The remaining cells 338 have similar indicia 342. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, each multi-dose blister card 312 provided to every patient includes identical indicia 342. So configured, not necessarily every blister 326 must be filled for a specific prescription to be satisfied. For example, for a 28-day prescription that begins on Monday and ends on Sunday, the multi-dose blister card 312 would not include tablets for “Sunday” of “Wk. 1,” i.e., blister 326 located at the first row 330a, the first column 332a, or “Monday” through “Saturday” of “Wk. 5,” i.e., blisters 326 located in the fifth row 330e in the second through seventh columns 332b-332g.
With reference now to
Notwithstanding, the press 402 and the transfer fixture 404 are utilized in combination with one or more intermediate cards 418 to fill the appropriate blisters 326 of the multi-dose blister card 312 in a manner generally similar to the process described above with reference to the filling machine 100 depicted in
For example, the press 402 includes a press plate 406, an actuator 408, and a blister card tray 410. In the disclosed embodiment, the blister card tray 410 is supported on a vibrating table 412, such as a shaker table. The press plate 406 is operably connected to the actuator 408 via a piston 414. The actuator 408 may include a manual actuator, a mechanical actuator, an electromechanical actuator, or any other type of actuator capable of moving the press plate 406 up and down in accordance with an input. For example, the actuator 408 may include a motor, a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, etc. Additionally, the filling machine 400 may include identifying devices such as identifying devices 116a, 116b depicted in
The inter mediate cards 418 generally include single-dose blister cards similar to the intermediate cards 118 described above in that the intermediate cards 418 include a plurality of blisters 426 and a foil backing material 419, which is facing down relative to the orientation of
For a specific prescription that requires a patient to ingest one tablet per day each day of the week, thirty of the thirty five blisters 426 of the intermediate card 418 would contain a single tablet. Such an intermediate card 418 may contain tablets 334 or 336 illustrated in
Notwithstanding the number or configuration of tablets stored in the intermediate card 418, the intermediate card 418 is positioned above the transfer fixture 404 with the blisters 426 facing upward, relative to the orientation of
Similar to the press plate 106 described above with reference to
The transfer fixture 404 of the embodiment depicted in
In contrast, however, the feed tubes 438 only include thirty feed tubes 438 arranged in first through fourth rows 453a-453d and first through seventh columns 455a-455g. Each of the feed tubes 438 defines a passageway extending between an inlet 438a and an outlet 438b. The inlets 438a of the first through fourth rows 453a-453e of the feed tubes 438 are attached to the first through fourth rows 445a-445d of the inlet apertures 440 in the top plate 434 of the transfer fixture 404. Additionally, the outlets 438b of the second through seventh columns 455b-455g of the feed tubes 438 are attached directly to the second through seventh columns 451b-451g of outlet apertures 442 in the bottom plate 436 of the transfer fixture 404. Thus, each of the feed tubes 438 in the second through seventh columns 455b-455g extend directly between corresponding inlet and outlet apertures 440, 442 in the top and bottom plates 434, 436 of the transfer fixture 404.
However, in the embodiment of the transfer fixture 404 depicted in
It should, however, be appreciated that the filling machine 400 of one embodiment of the present invention may include a plurality of transfer fixtures 404, as mentioned above, whereby each of plurality of transfer fixtures 404 may be interchangeably disposed within the filling machine 400.
For example, as described above, the transfer fixture 404 for filling prescriptions that begin on Monday includes the outlets of the first column 455a of feed tubes 438 offset one row toward the back of the bottom plate 436, relative to the orientation of
Additionally, in one embodiment, the inlet apertures 440 in the top plate 434 are laterally offset from the corresponding outlet apertures 442 in the bottom plate 436 such that the feed tubes 438 that extend between corresponding inlet and outlet apertures 440, 442 are disposed at an angle β. The angle β serves to generate friction with tablets passing therethrough in a manner similar to that described above with feed tubes 138 of the filling machine 100 depicted in
Still referring to
Based on the foregoing, it should generally be appreciated that each of the above-described components of the embodiment of the filling machine 400 and blister card 312 of the present embodiment of the invention provide a simple system, machine, and method for loading a multi-dose blister card 312 with a variety of medications for a particular patient having a particular prescription. Specifically, during operation, a technician loads the multi-dose blister card 312 onto the blister tray 410. This is accomplished by placing the blister card 312 such that the blisters 326 are received within the cavities 446 of the blister tray 446, as mentioned above. At this point, the blisters 326 of the blister card 312 are empty and the blister card 312 does not include the backing 319. Therefore, the blisters 326 are open and free to accept tablets from above. It should be appreciated that
With the blister card 312 in place, the technician places the transfer fixture 404 in the filling machine 400 such that the outlet apertures 442 in the bottom plate 436 are aligned with the open blisters 326 in the blister card 312. In one embodiment, the filling machine 400 then raises the blister tray 410 and the multi-dose blister card 312 up to the bottom plate 436 of the transfer fixture 404 to prevent the pills from bouncing out of the blisters or between the blisters. Because the present embodiment of the filling machine 400 includes a plurality of transfer fixtures 404, each assigned to a particular day of the week, the filling machine 400 in one embodiment may include a transfer fixture identification device, which may include a device such as device 116a depicted in
Next, the technician selects a first intermediate card 418 containing a first drug in accordance with a prescription to be filled. For example, in the disclosed embodiment, the first intermediate card 418 may include one tablet in each of the blisters 426 located in the first through fourth rows 445a-445d of the intermediate card 418. The fifth row 445e of blisters 426 would be partially empty. The technician may select the first intermediate card 418 from a supply of many intermediate cards 418 stored in a shelving system or a drawer loading system, for example. In one embodiment, the technician simply identifies the appropriate intermediate card 418 and scans the product identifier device 421 carried by the card 418, which may include a barcode or an RFID tag. Once scanned, a computer, for example, may indicate whether or not a correct intermediate card 418 has been selected for the instant prescription to be filled. In an alternative embodiment, the technician may make use of generally any kind of inventory control system such as that which is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0088231 A1, entitled “Method and Apparatus For Filling Stock Orders,” which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As discussed above, all of the required intermediate cards for a particular patient may be pre-picked and placed into a custom tote in the appropriate sequence for subsequent pressing.
With the correct first intermediate card 418 selected, the technician then places the first intermediate card 418 on the top plate 434 of the transfer fixture 404. The technician then actuates the actuator 408 to apply a downward force to the press plate 406 via the piston 414. The cleats 430 collapse the blisters 426 into engagement with the tablets, which in turn, pushes the tablets through the backing material 119. In an embodiment where the top plate 434 of the transfer fixture 404 includes teeth such as teeth 144 depicted in
Once the cleats 430 push the tablets out of the first intermediate card 418, the tablets fall through the passageways of the corresponding feed tubes 438 of the transfer fixture 404. More specifically, the tablets stored in the second through seventh columns 429b-429g of blisters 426 in the intermediate card 418 are transferred through the second through seventh columns 455b-455g of feed tubes 438. Finally, these tablets are deposited into the second through seventh columns 332b-332g of the first through fourth rows 330a-330d of blisters 326 in the multi-dose blister card 312. Moreover, because the specific embodiment of the product package 300 depicted in
With the first intermediate card 418 emptied into the multi-dose blister card 312, the technician removes the first intermediate card 418 from the top plate 434 of the transfer fixture 404. If the instant prescription requires a second medication to be loaded into the multi-dose blister card 312, the technician then returns to the inventory storage system and retrieves a second intermediate card 418 containing the second medication. However, as noted above, the intermediate cards 418 may have been pre-picked and placed in a tote for increased efficiency of the press operator.
The second medication may or may not require the patient to ingest a specific medication as often as the first medication. The intermediate card 418 containing the second medication may reflect the frequency at which the second medication is to be ingested. In the example depicted in
Upon the technician completely filling the multi-dose blister card 312 for the particular patient, the technician removes the transfer fixture 404 and the multi-dose blister card 312 from the filling machine 400. However, in many situations, the technician may not need to remove the transfer fixture 404 between filling multi-dose blister cards for different patients, because the technician may fill multi-dose blister cards for several patients in a row that all require the same transfer fixture 404. This will greatly increase the overall efficiency of the process. From here, the cover 314 of the product package 300 may be labeled with the patient identification label 320. Additionally, the multi-dose blister card 312 may be placed into a heat sealer to apply and seal the foil backing material 319 thereto. In an alternative device and process, the filling machine 400 may include an electromechanical arm, for example, for automatically raising the blister card 312 out of the blister tray 410 and delivering it (or both the card 312 and the tray 410 together) to a labeling machine and/or the heat sealer. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that during the above-described process for filling the multi-dose blister card 312, the vibrating table 412 depicted in
While the embodiments of the multi-dose blister cards 12, 312 have been described herein as including matrices 28, 328 of blisters 26, 326, alternative embodiments of the product packages 10, 100 may be arranged according to generally any configuration. For example, an alternative configuration of the product packages 10, 100 and multi-dose blister cards 12, 312 may include blisters 26, 326 arranged in concentric circles, or any other predetermined or random arrangement, for example.
Furthermore, while the above-described embodiments of the transfer fixtures 104, 404 include top plates 134, 434 and bottom plates 136, 436, alternative embodiments of transfer fixtures may include only top plates 134, 434 or only bottom plates 136, 436. So configured, the transfer fixtures 104, 404 may be carried within the respective machines 100, 400 by ledges or shelves carried by sidewalls (not shown) of the machines 100, 400, for example. Another alternative embodiment of the transfer fixtures 104, 404 may not include top plates 134, 434 and bottom plates 136, 436 at all, but rather, may include a center plate, for example, disposed between the inlets and outlets of the feed tubes 138, 438 and securing the feed tubes 138, 438 in the desired configuration. Such a center plate may be supported in the respective filling machine 100, 400 by a ledge or a shelf or some other means.
Further still, while the embodiment disclosed with reference to
Further yet, while the embodiment of the filling machine 400 has thus far been described as including either a plurality of transfer fixtures 404 or a single reconfigurable transfer fixture 404 for adapting the filling machine 400 for filling prescriptions that begin on particular days of the week, a still further alternative embodiment may include a plurality of press plates 406 or an adjustable press plate 406, for providing this versatility. For example, the filling machine 400 may include a plurality of press plates 406 which are removably connected to the piston 414. Each press plate 406 may include a distinct arrangement of cleats 430 for filling prescriptions that begin on a particular day of the week. For example, a first press plate 406 may only include cleats 430 corresponding to the particular blisters 326 of the multi-dose blister card 312 which are to be filled.
While both embodiments of the machines 100, 400 described herein have included moveable press plates 106, 406, alternative embodiments may include moveable cleats 130, 430, for example. The movable cleats 130, 430 may be moveable between the top side 106a, 406a and the bottom side 106b, 406b of the press plate 106, 406. So configured, the technician may move only those cleats 130, 430 which are required to fill a particular prescription to the bottom side 106b, 406b of the press plate 106, 406. In one embodiment, the cleats 130, 430 may be retractable through the press plate 106, 406, where such retraction may be manual. In another embodiment, the cleats 130, 430 may be magnetically positioned on the top side 106a, 406a and/or the bottom side 106b, 406 of the press plate 106, 406. In still another embodiment, each of the moveable cleats 130, 430 may include individual actuators associated therewith such that the actuators may be electronically controlled to move the cleats 130, 430 to load the multi-dose blister cards 12, 312. So configured, the press plate 406 may be relatively stationary during loading of the multi-dose blister cards 12, 312, while the actuators move the cleats 130, 430 into and out of engagement with the blisters 126, 426 on the intermediate blister cards 118, 418.
b illustrates an alternative configuration of the filling machine 400b. The filling machine 400b illustrated in
While the transfer fixtures have been described herein as comprising top and bottom plates connected by a plurality of feed tubes defining passageways for carrying tablets between the intermediate cards and the multi-dose blister cards, one alternative embodiment of a transfer fixture can comprise a block of material defining a plurality of through-bores for carrying tablets. In another embodiment, the feed tubes need not be complete tubes at all, but rather, can include slides or channels, for example, having generally u-shaped cross-sections defining passageways for carrying the tablets. This configuration may be particularly effective in embodiments where the feed tubes are angled, as described with the preferred embodiments disclosed herein.
While quality of product is important in most businesses, quality of product is especially important in the pharmacy business where drug safety is critical. Because accuracy of prescription filling is critical in providing a safe product information processing requires monitoring of the blister card 12 filling process and verification and checking of the final content of the blister card 12.
A blister card scanner 116b may be used to confirm the identity of a particular blister card 12 before loading the blister card 12 into the transfer fixture 104 or after selection of the blister card 12 for use in the filling machine 100. This may be performed automatically when the blister card 12 is placed in the filling machine 100 or through manual interaction with a technician. In the embodiment shown in
The intermediate card scanner 116a and blister card scanner 116b may be any suitable scanning device for sensing the identity of a card (e.g., 118 or 12). For example, the scanners 116a and 116b may be an infrared scanner (e.g., a bar code scanner), a radio frequency identifier (RFID) reader, an optical scanner, etc. The intermediate card scanner may be used to scan a tag 121 placed on the intermediate card 118. The tag 121 may represent a bar code (or other suitable readable visual mark) or may be an embedded communication transmitter or transponder, such as an RFID tag.
Similar to the intermediate card scanner 116a, the blister card scanner 116b may be any suitable scanning device for sensing the identity of the intermediate card 118, such as an infrared scanner (e.g., a bar code scanner), a radio frequency identifier (RFID) reader, an optical scanner, etc. In the embodiment illustrated in
One of the set of sensors 116f may be a weight sensor. For example, one or more weight sensors may be disposed about the blister card 12 (e.g., on the blister card tray 110 or on the transfer fixture 104) to determine whether the blister card 12, to a certain tolerance, has the requisite weight for the given drug mix. A weight reading may be taken to reveal a final weight of the blister card 12 after the fill process. One or more weight readings may also be taken during the fill process to check whether the changes in weight of the blister card 12 correspond to the expected pharmacy product weight being dropped into the blister card 12. Additionally, a weight sensor at multiple blister locations may be used to determined whether the pills are all consistent. For example, for a given intermediate card 118 dump if some sensor readings (e.g., on one area of the card) are reading a heavier weight than another for the same pill, then the contents of the intermediate card 118 may be defective.
One of the set of sensors 116f may be optical. In this embodiment, a visual picture of the contents of the blister may be taken. A separate picture for each blister may be taken for verification by a pharmacist. Because each blister may contain multiple pharmacy products, such as pills, the contents may be stacked on top of each other, thereby blocking a clear line of site to each product or pill contained in the blister. To reduce this problem, an interface for the blister card 12 with the filling machine 100 may comprise a dock or blister tray 110 that is adapted to vibrate (as discussed above). This vibration may be driven by a motor coupled to the dock or tray. As the tray 110 vibrates, the contents of the blister may be rearranged and multiple pictures may be taken of the blister contents during the vibration. The number of pictures, and the frequency and amplitude of vibration may be adjusted in order to provide a statistically relevant picture sample (e.g., a sample showing clear line of sight images of each the products). The number of pictures, frequency and amplitude of vibration may be adjusted according to a predetermined target number or type of pills being placed into the blisters 26. For example, where the number of pills is much greater than the square area of the bottom of the blister, there may be more frequent and vigorous vibration with a higher total number of pictures taken. In another example, the vibration and number of pictures taken may be adjusted to result in a high probability that the each pill in each blister 26 will be captured by at least one of the multiple pictures. It should be noted that while the vibrating process is described for used with a sensor that provides image data, the vibrating process may be helpful for any sensor that requires a line of sight to a target object.
One of the set of sensors 116f may be a mass spectroscopy sensor. In this case, one or more emitters may be positioned around each blister 26 to irradiate the blister contents from different angles. In
In an embodiment, a mechanical mechanism may be used to verify or detect the identity of the intermediate card 118 and/or blister card 12. In this embodiment, the intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 may be shaped in a specific way to correspond with a prescription product contained in the intermediate card 118. The shape of the insertion dock may be configurable to correspond to the shape of a desired intermediate card 118 or blister card 12. Alternatively, the shape of the transfer fixture interface that accepts the intermediate card 118 may be adapted to adjust to a particular shape to correspond with a corresponding intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 shape for confirming a pharmacy product. In this mechanical verification apparatus, a mismatch in the shape of the intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 may prevent the intermediate card 118 from interfacing with the transfer fixture, thereby preventing the press 102 from being operable.
In another embodiment, the size and/or shape of the blisters 26 of the intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 may be indicative of the identity of the prescription product contained in the blister. In this embodiment, the shape of the inlet and outlet apertures 140, 142 leading into and out of the feed tubes may be configurable to match a desired blister shape. In this mechanical verification apparatus, a mismatch in the shape/size of the blisters 26 of the intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 with the apertures 140 and 142 may prevent the intermediate card 118 or blister card 12 from linking with the transfer fixture, thereby preventing the press 102 from being operable.
In some embodiments, an identifier of the transfer fixture may contain configuration information indicating output cell positions that correspond to input cell positions showing where the content of an intermediate card cell position will be deposited on a blister card. Based on the electronic product order, the computing device may be programmed to determine or select the appropriate transfer fixture for inserting into the filling machine. For example, in some embodiments, the transfer fixture may be selected based on the blister configuration for a product drop (e.g., which blister card cells are to have a product deposited). In some embodiments, the product order may contain mapping information regarding product cell locations. In some embodiments in which the transfer fixture passageways (i.e., the connection between inlet and outlet port) changes, the computing device may update the configuration information associated with the transfer fixture via a change in data associated with the transfer fixture identifiers. This may be done automatically by the computing device by detecting the passageway change (using the sensors described above).
In some embodiments, the press plates may also be indexed by identifiers, where the press plates may be labeled by the identifiers and selected based on the identifiers. An identifier may uniquely identity a particular press plate. In some embodiments in which the press plates 106 are removable or configurable, an identifier may be used that indicates configuration information of the press plate. For example, the configuration information may indicate a mask arrangement for the press plate (e.g., showing which cell positions of the intermediate card will be affected by the press plate). The press plate may be selected based on a product place configuration determined from an electronic product order and on a combination of other components (e.g., intermediate card selection, transfer fixture selection, blister card selection, etc.).
In some embodiments, the blister cards may be indexed by unique identifiers. This may be helpful in using the computer to track the progress of a blister card fill process. This may be important in situations in which a particular blister card may not be filled completely in one operating sequence. For example, a first blister card may be filled with a first product and removed from the filling machine. Then, a second blister card may be insert and filled with the first product, before the first blister card is reinserted for a second fill. The unique identifier may be necessary to determine the progress or fill sequence of a blister card. The blister card may be further associated with information regarding product maps using the identifier. For example, a map may be stored (e.g., associated with the unique identifier) to indicate the cell locations of product already deposited (e.g., a deposit state) into a blister card. This map information may be further checked by the computing device along with information on a loaded intermediate card, transfer fixture, or press plate, to determine if the combination (e.g., of blister card, transfer fixture, or press plate) corresponds with a current fill sequence.
In some embodiments, sensors 116e may be used to verify the contents of the intermediate card (block 804). If there is any inconsistency or error (block 805), an exception may be thrown (block 807) and the press 102 may be prevented from initiating or operating further. If there is no inconsistency or error, then the press 102 may begin the process of dumping the pharmacy product from the intermediate card 118 into the feed tubes for transport to the correct blisters 26 of the blister card 12 (block 806). During the filling process, sensors 116d may be used to detect whether the pharmacy products have passed through the tubes and entered the blisters 26 (e.g., during block 804). The sensors may also determine take readings identifying the product during travel or deposit. Again, if there is any error (block 805), an exception may be thrown (block 807) and operation halted, otherwise the fill operation is allowed to continue (block 806). For example, the computer may provide or generate an indication that the process may continue (e.g., to operate the filling machine to release product to the blister cards). As the pills are collected or after the pills are collected in the appropriate blisters 26 of the blister card 12, sensors 116f may be used to, for example, take images of the pills, take mass spectroscopy readings of the pills, take olfactory readings of the pills, or measure a weight of the blister card 12 (e.g., during block 804). Any of the above described sensors may provide sensor data such as weight data, spectrographic data, olfaction data, pH data, toughness data, tensile strength data, composition data, temperature data, humidity data, or image data.
It should be noted that while the monitoring process was described in a sequential manner, the different sensor measurements may be taken in any order and at any convenient time depending on the configuration of the filling machine 100. Additionally, while some of the checks and monitoring may be performed during the filling process (such as the detection of incorrect intermediate cards 118 or blister cards 12), some of the measurements may be checked after the filling process. For example, the sensor readings related to the final blister card content (e.g., images, weights, mass spectroscopy readings, etc.) may be stored in a computer 910 until a pharmacist is ready to review them. These checks may be done either locally by a pharmacist situated near the filling machine 100 or remotely by a pharmacist at another pharmacy resource location.
In some embodiments, the filling machine may operate a plurality of times using a plurality of intermediate cards to produce a multi-product blister card (e.g., having multiple different products per blister card cell or multiple different products in different cells, as discussed above). In these embodiments, the computing device may be programmed to record a sequence of product releases or intermediate card usages (e.g., by intermediate card identifiers). This may enable the computing device to determine whether a currently loaded intermediate card has been previously used to fill a particular blister card. An error may be generated if a previously used intermediate card has been applied to a currently loaded blister card. In some embodiments, the electronic product order may provide a sequence in which the products are to be deposited to the blister card. The computing device may be programmed to retrieve this sequence from the electronic product order. In some embodiments, the computing device may be programmed to determine the sequence of deposit based on the characteristics of the ingredient products for the blister card designated by the product order (e.g., in situations in which product mixing is required in the blister card cells in a particular sequence based on characteristics of the ingredient products). The computing device may be programmed to indicate whether a loaded intermediate card is appropriate for a particular blister card (e.g., a blister card currently loaded) based on the sequence.
The sensors of the filling machine 100 may be connected through a sensor input/output interface 930 that is coupled to the system bus 916, or may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). These devices could alternatively be entirely external devices. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 910 through input devices such as a keyboard 932 and pointing device 934, commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not illustrated) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 912 through a user input interface 936 that is coupled to the system bus 916, but may, similar to the sensor devices, be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 940 or other type of display device may also be connected to the system bus 916 via an interface, such as a video interface 942. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 944 and printer 946, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 948.
Product verification may involve determining whether the actual blister pack contents corresponds to the pharmacy product ordered in a prescription order. This may involve determining the contents of each blister 26 in a blister pack stored in the pre-verification queue and comparing the pre-verification blister pack to reference information of the blister pack on the prescription order. For example, the prescription order may contain drug identifying information such as a drug name, a drug type, and/or other drug characteristics. The drug identifying information may include a drug identifier such as a drug code that may identify the drug in a reference source (e.g., a physical index or database). The drug identifying information may be used to retrieve reference information on the pharmacy product for comparison against the prepared product. Product verification may also be based on a pharmacist's own knowledge of drug information. For example, the pharmacist may recognize the drug identifier or other drug identifying information and based on the pharmacist's knowledge of a characteristic of the prescription order product, examine the prepared product to determine if it corresponds to the product identified in the prescription order.
As discussed above, the sensors of the filling machine 1103, which may be various types of biomedical sensors of the filling machine and may take one or more readings associated with the contents of a blister card 1107 associated with a prescription order 1111. This sensor data may be contained in a sensor data object 1120. The sensor data object 1120 may then be stored on a local database 1104 or a central database 1160. The sensor data object 1120 may then be associated with an electronic prescription order on the pharmacy network 1130. This electronic prescription order may include all the information from the physical prescription information. An original order data object 1122 formed from scanning the physical prescription into the network system may be associated with the electronic prescription order.
A remote pharmacist 1152 located at a second pharmacy resource 650 having a second computer 1154 may then perform verification of the pharmacy product for the prescription order. The remote pharmacist 1152 may use the second computer 1154 to retrieve the sensor data object 1120 and display a sensor reading (e.g., an image or spectroscopy reading) of the blister card 1107. The remote pharmacist 1152 may then reference information in the electronic prescription order to determine the identity of a customer requested product. Once the remote pharmacist inspects the sensor data and determines that the sensor data corresponds, within a threshold level, to a characteristic(s) of the product associated with the prescription order information, the remote pharmacist may provide an indication that the product is ready for release to a customer. If the product is deficient or defective, then the remote pharmacist 1152 may raise an exception to the prescription order and provide an indication of the exception.
In accordance with one embodiment, a pharmacist at a remote location may retrieve the sensor data object and display the sensor data on a remote computer screen 1204. The pharmacist may then reference a database (e.g., 1104, 1160, or 1170) to retrieve drug and/or pharmacy product characteristic information 1205. The reference information, which may be in the form of a reference object, may provide descriptions of images of the physical appearance or chemical characteristics of a drug or pharmacy product which the physician may then use to determine the identity of the product or the quality of the product contained in the blister pack. The reference data may contain image objects or reference sensor readings of drug and other pharmacy products that may be used in the analysis of the sensor data for the pre-verification product. The reference data may include any physical characteristic data on the product being deposited into a blister pack. For example, the reference data may include color, shape, size, quantity, density, etc. of the product. Corresponding sensor data for the reference data may be generated for comparison. In some embodiments, the reference objects may be indexed by a drug identifier. When a pharmacist at the second computer 1154 initiates a verification process for a blister 1107, the pharmacist may use the second computer 1154 to retrieve a reference data object 1124 based on a drug identifier on the electronic prescription order.
When a sensor reading involves a visual image of the vibrated blister card, the filling machine 100 may send multiple images of each blister 26 to the remote computer 1154 for review by a pharmacist. The remote computer 1154 used by the remote pharmacist 1152 for verification may be adapted to display the multiple images of each blister 26 and a reference image of each pharmacy product intended to be contained in each blister 26, according to information from the electronic prescription. As illustrated in
The remote computer 1154 used by the remote pharmacist 1152 for verification may be adapted to display other sensor readings from the filling machine and with corresponding reference data of a pharmacy product. Similar to image sensor readings, sensor readings such as mass spectroscopy readings may be displayed adjacent one another to facilitate easier comparison of product characteristics by the remote pharmacist.
As illustrated in
Because the filling machine may provide a plurality of sensors and consequently a plurality of sensor readings, the remote computer 1154 may be adapted to allow a user to display multiple sensor readings (for the different measured characteristics) against multiple reference data corresponding to the sensor readings. For example, in one pharmacy embodiment, an image of the pharmacy product may be captured as well as a weight reading. These two readings, along with corresponding reference data, may be displayed at the second computer for analysis.
The remote computer 1154 may be adapted to allow a user 1152 to prioritize the display of characteristics at the remote computer 1154 according to the user's preference. Alternatively, the remote computer may be adapted to display multiple sensor readings in a predetermined or default order for presentation. This predetermined order may be based on a priority of the characteristic data of the sensor readings. For example, for certain drug compounds, some characteristics may be more revealing of the identity or quality of the product, such as odor. Thus, where a sensor reading may include an olfaction reading, a weight reading, and an image reading, the olfaction reading may be listed first.
In another embodiment, multiple sensors of the same type (e.g., measuring the same characteristic) may be implemented to provide redundancy in case of sensor failure. Moreover, the system may take readings from the multiple sensors and compare these readings to ensure that they are consistent and to reduce the possibility of bad sensor readings from an individual sensor. In this case, an exception may be raised when readings from two similar sensors are different. Alternatively, the readings from two sensors measuring different physical characteristics of the pharmacy product may be analyzed to determine consistency. This may be the case where there is a recognized relation between the two physical characteristics. For example, where the toughness of the pharmacy product may be related to pH of the product, readings from a sensor measuring toughness and a sensor measuring pH may be displayed together for comparison. Alternatively, one of the computers 1101 or 1154 may calculate the expected relation(s) between the two readings or physical characteristics and display the different between the expected relation(s) at the second computer 1154.
The indication of the result of the verification process (whether an approval or an error/exception) may be made by modifying an attribute on the electronic prescription order. In this case, when a user at the first pharmacy resource retrieves or looks up the status of the electronic prescription order, an indication of the exception may be displayed. Alternatively, the indication may be made by sending a message via a messaging system such as instant messaging, email, fax, etc. An exception may be raised if the sensor data is deficient. For example, the sensor data may be based on a bad reading, e.g., it may be unreadable or otherwise inadequate. This type of exception may prompt a worker at the first pharmacy resource to re-measure the sample using a sensor. The exception may also be raised if the product is on its face, not ready for inspection.
The priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/940,790, filed May 30, 2007, is claimed, and the entire contents thereof are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2339115 | Scherer | Jan 1944 | A |
| 3069273 | Wayne | Dec 1962 | A |
| 3283885 | Grunewald et al. | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3305077 | Grief et al. | Feb 1967 | A |
| 3324995 | Sharp, Jr. | Jun 1967 | A |
| 3351192 | La Plante | Nov 1967 | A |
| 3389531 | Ehe et al. | Jun 1968 | A |
| 3503493 | Nagy | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3529718 | Zaremski | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3545164 | Middleton | Dec 1970 | A |
| 3659706 | Serrell | May 1972 | A |
| 3737029 | Serrell et al. | Jun 1973 | A |
| 3743084 | Douglas | Jul 1973 | A |
| 3757995 | Armstrong | Sep 1973 | A |
| 3780856 | Braverman | Dec 1973 | A |
| 3809221 | Compere | May 1974 | A |
| 3817393 | Neilsen | Jun 1974 | A |
| 3856144 | Kelly | Dec 1974 | A |
| 3924748 | Braverman | Dec 1975 | A |
| 4120399 | Clarke | Oct 1978 | A |
| 4192425 | Landau et al. | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4196809 | Tonrey | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4211329 | Braverman | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4295567 | Knudsen et al. | Oct 1981 | A |
| 4305502 | Gregory et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4340141 | Fischer | Jul 1982 | A |
| 4364549 | Komossa et al. | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4428709 | Peters | Jan 1984 | A |
| 4437579 | Obland | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4655026 | Wigoda | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4673086 | Braverman et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4694996 | Siegel | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4790440 | Leszczak | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4844246 | Harrison et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4860899 | McKee | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4889236 | Bartell et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4889238 | Batchelor | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4909414 | Heath | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4955481 | Novinski et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4975015 | Harding | Dec 1990 | A |
| 5009894 | Hsiao | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5014851 | Wick | May 1991 | A |
| 5038968 | Albetski | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5050739 | Hannan et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5265728 | Allendorf et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5323907 | Kalvelage | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5368187 | Poncetta et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5377836 | Eisenbraun | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5390796 | Kerfoot, Jr. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5431283 | Weinstein et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5460471 | Connor et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5509773 | Connor et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5515972 | Shames | May 1996 | A |
| 5544921 | Cynan et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5549204 | Toren et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5564593 | East, Sr. | Oct 1996 | A |
| RE35445 | Pora | Feb 1997 | E |
| 5685420 | Martin et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5720384 | Wu-Chen | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5737902 | Aylward | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5740717 | Sowden et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5752371 | Mosley | May 1998 | A |
| 5765606 | Takemasa et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5775505 | Vasquez et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5788079 | Bouthiette et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5799468 | Eck et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5806287 | Trechsel | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5829632 | Gehlert et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836615 | Elliot et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5915559 | Hulick et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5941302 | Hattori et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5954202 | Mellon | Sep 1999 | A |
| 6021623 | Bouthiette et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023906 | Folkersen | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6023916 | Bouthiette et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024222 | Friberg et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6024247 | Birr et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6155423 | Katzner et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6206233 | Schulze | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6219997 | Friberg et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6244462 | Ehrensvard et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6273986 | Egan | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6318051 | Preiss | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6349831 | Buss | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6382412 | Wood | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6382420 | Bouthiette et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6412636 | Jones et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6491211 | Evans et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6497083 | Garwood et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6543616 | Peterson | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6550618 | Peterson | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6557740 | Dent | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6581356 | Kim | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6628199 | Ehrensvard et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6652215 | Parker et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6679376 | Chen | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6681935 | Lewis | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6698425 | Widerstrom et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6708826 | Ginsberg et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6752272 | Jones et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6761010 | Gibson | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6776288 | Kopecky | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6778631 | Franke | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6802422 | Kalvelage et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6845873 | Chattey | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6848580 | Paliotta et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6951282 | Jones | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6964338 | Kancsar et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6978894 | Mundt | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6997320 | Kancsar et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 6997344 | Brown et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7000768 | Morita et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7025207 | Breu et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7055294 | Lewis | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7063211 | Williams-Hartman | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7090079 | Ehrlund et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7126879 | Snyder | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7188728 | Williams-Hartman | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7188729 | DeJonge | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7308984 | Bouthiette et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7334379 | Siegel et al. | Feb 2008 | B1 |
| 7336564 | Feodoroff et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7426814 | Knoth | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7431160 | Drought et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7837093 | Leu et al. | Nov 2010 | B1 |
| 7856794 | Zieher | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 20020045184 | Chen | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020104773 | Kalvelage et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020134694 | Cherng | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020197098 | Palmer | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030031595 | Kirchhevel et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030032190 | Brown et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030034271 | Burridge | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030168376 | Taneja et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20040026293 | Hughes | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040069675 | Stevens | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040108240 | Ragot | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040188315 | Morita et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20050051454 | Coe et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050082194 | Fry et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102838 | Leason | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050109658 | Bindford | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050112194 | Gervais et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050125097 | Chudy et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050173291 | Specker et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050178692 | Chang | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050210682 | Bartholin | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050238415 | Busam et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050256830 | Siegel et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050269238 | Reape et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050274643 | Arnold | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050274644 | Williams-Hartman | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060021900 | Feodoroff | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060042987 | Buss | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060054682 | de la Huerga | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060060597 | Stevens | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060086639 | Priebe et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060144749 | Arnold et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161298 | DiMaggio | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060249420 | Hession | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060277870 | Feehan et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060289328 | Hession | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070023317 | Brozell et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070045149 | Hession | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070048413 | Glydon | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070056876 | Jones | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070084150 | Siegel et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070084746 | Udo et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070084747 | Gherdan et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070125679 | Smith | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205131 | Bouthiette | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205132 | Bouthiette | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070205133 | Valentine et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070274815 | Davidson et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070284280 | Young | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070289258 | Jung et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080023366 | Bouthiette | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080110791 | Specker | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080190076 | Klingel et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080202070 | Gertitschke et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080204233 | Agrawal et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080265011 | Specker | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20090078051 | Twerdochlib et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090120042 | Zieher | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090242451 | Kessler | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20100089997 | Carson et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100096450 | Silverbrook et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20110000170 | Burg et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 4429503 | Feb 1996 | DE |
| 10 2004 020 510 | Nov 2005 | DE |
| 1 270 441 | Jan 2003 | EP |
| 1 884 360 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1 655 230 | Mar 2008 | EP |
| 1 930 251 | Jun 2008 | EP |
| 1 964 788 | Sep 2008 | EP |
| 2750403 | Jan 1998 | FR |
| WO-9856704 | Dec 1998 | WO |
| WO-03053794 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| WO-03076303 | Sep 2003 | WO |
| WO-03089333 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004103857 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO-2005023672 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005110864 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005110889 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005110890 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| WO-2007046126 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60940790 | May 2007 | US |
