Patent Grant
10215005
The present invention relates to piping used in hydrocarbon recovery, and more particularly to multi-flow pipe and pipe couplings therefor.
The dual and multi-flow pipe invention herein is intended for, and adapted specifically for, use in the particular methods of hydrocarbon recovery from underground hydrocarbon formations,
Specifically, the dual and multi-flow pipe members forming the subject matter of the present invention are particularly suited for the methods of hydrocarbon recovery set out and claimed in PCT patent application WO 2015/00071 and WO 2015/00072. PCT 2015/00072 in particular describes a particular method of hydrocarbon recovery which involves injection of a flushing fluid into multiple parallel alternate spaced-apart fractures along a wellbore drilled in a hydrocarbon formation, and at the same time recovering hydrocarbons from an adjacent alternately-spaced fracture(s) along such wellbore. Such methods using a single wellbore but involving two separate fluids thus require dual or multi-flow pipe capable of delivering the flushing fluid, typically under high pressure, to alternately spaced fractures along the wellbore, while at the same time being able to recover hydrocarbons draining into the wellbore from remaining spaced apart (alternately spaced) fractures and allow same to be produced to surface (hereinafter referred to as the “fracture-flow” process).
It is a difficult technical problem to design a dual or multi-flow pipe assembly comprised of individual pipe segments joined together which is capable of easy manufacture and assembly and which may be used in the fracture-flow process, but which at the same time can achieve the objectives of keeping such two fluids separate and without leakage between flow channels and/or at pipe coupling joints.
Prior art techniques for maintaining two separate fluid flows or channels within a single wellbore typically employ two separate pipe members within such single wellbore (the so called “dual tube” configuration). The “dual tube” configuration poses significant problems for packer elements capable of sealing around two separate pipe members, as well as between the pipe members and the wellbore or wellbore casing. Typically, packer elements are only adapted to seal around the circumference of a single pipe member and the wellbore, or between the single pipe member and the wellbore lining/casing. Having two separate pipe members within a wellbore introduces significant problems for the packer elements to effectively seal between each of the two separate pipe members and as well between each of the two pipe members and the wellbore. While it has been done in the prior art, the packer members are more complex and expensive to manufacture. As well, the combined cross-sectional area of the separate flow passages is generally less than for a tube-in-tube configuration, or for a single divided tube.
Applicant's commonly assigned PCT application WO 2015/00071 (corresponding to applicant's Canadian Patent Application CA 2,835,592) discloses the desirability of a multi-flow channels using one or more divider partitions for creating the separate flow channels for and within continuous tubing, thus avoiding the problem of how to effectively use and couple discrete pipe elements together when using individual segments of pipe as the production piping. To be clear, applicant's PCT application WO2015/00071 makes no disclosure of how to couple pipe members together without leakage, nor how to ensure flow passages carrying separate fluids stay aligned when the individual pipe segments are coupled together.
The below provided background information and description of prior publications is provided for the purpose of making known information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention relating to a pipe-in-pipe configuration and a single divided pipe. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the below publications and information provided constitutes prior art against the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,781,091 entitled “Pipe Joint” teaches the concept of joining single-flow pipe members using a left hand and right hand reverse thread in the coupling collar, with a buttress joint, as shown in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,484 entitled “Locking Coupling System” teaches a coupling system having two pipe members, each having significantly different pitched threads, one “coarser” than the other, and a “spleened” (sic) coupling with includes two coupling halves each having spleened (sic) ends adapted to lock into each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,680,631 entitled “Well Production Apparatus”, teaches inter alia tubing or other pipe which is provided with a vacuum chamber within such pipe, to allow producing a warm fluid through the centre of the pipe when the pipe/wellbore passes through a zone of permafrost.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,204,392 entitled “Hose and Pipe Coupler” teaches same, and in particular teaches a coupler with a series of grooves or indentations 9, 10 or alternatively 8a, which provide alignment of the two separate halves in order to effect coupling.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,583,126 entitled “Leakage Tight Joint” teaches a pipe coupling for a pair of pipe members, having a coupling nut “a” with different sized and “handed” threads, and a packing ring “c’ of softer material.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,913,261 entitled “Tube Couplings” teaches a pair of exteriorly threaded elements secured to the pipe or tube ends respectively, upon which the coupling members are rotatable into abutting relation. The threads of each element run in opposite directions from each other, and have alternately arranged or staggered lugs to prevent relative rotation when brought into engagement. No apparatus for coupling of co-axial dual flow or multi-flow pipe is disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,015,500 entitled “Drill String Joint” teaches a pair of frusto-conical threads at opposite ends of pipe members which are desired to be coupled together, having an overlying sleeve member 68.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,762,745 entitled “Connection Members with High Torque Carrying Capacity”, similar to U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,484 above, teaches an externally threaded tubular member, having a pair of threads thereon of different pitch, as well as some additional tooth members for assisting in transmitting torque, and an alignment means for aligning the teeth (locking means) for engagement.
U.S. Pat. No. 861,828 entitled “Pipe Coupling” teaches a male coupling member C, having an internal and an external thread thereon, and a complementary female coupling member D, having a pair of internal threads thereon, as shown in the sole figure thereof. No means of coupling a co-axial pipe is disclosed, or any manner of supporting a co-axial pipe therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 572,124 entitled “Insulated Joint for Light Fixtures”, insofar as may be said to be relevant to the present invention, teaches a joint having upper and lower tubular connecting sections A, C, and an insulating section E.
Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 3,943,618 entitled “Method of Assembly of a Dual-walled Pipe” teaches an outer pipe 1 with a concentric inner pipe 2 defining annulus 3 therebetween. The pipes 1,2 having connector means 32 associated with first pipe are rigidly maintained in this spaced-apart relation by means of connector means 4, 5.
Despite the above prior art, a need exists for a dual or multi-flow pipe assembly using discrete pipe segments, which can be easily manufactured at relatively low cost and further easily joined together in the field and which effectively operates to maintain separate flows of fluid therewithin without leakage.
The present dual-flow/multi-flow pipe assembly advantageously eliminates the need to drill two separate wellbores to accomplish flushing of alternate fractures in a wellbore and simultaneously recover hydrocarbons that are driven from the formation into adjacent fractures by the flushing fluid (i.e. the “fracture-flow” process). The present dual-flow/multi-flow pipe assemblies of the present invention thereby saves the cost of having to drill a separate well.
While the cost of dual-flow/multi-flow piping of the type described and claimed herein may be more expensive than that of single flow pipe assemblies due to slightly more complex manufacturing methods for such multi-flow pipe as described herein [although from a point of view of actual pipe material, a pipe-in-pipe configuration for a dual-flow pipe assembly as described herein is approximately equal to the quantity of material for two separate pipes strings], advantageously the dual flow/multiflow pipe of the present invention can be removed from a formation once such formation has been worked through to exhaustion, and subsequently later re-used in working another hydrocarbon formation. In comparison, however, the capital cost of drilling two separate wells is a “sunk” cost and is forever lost and not capable of being recouped. Multi-flow piping of the type hereinafter disclosed can accordingly provide clear cost advantages.
In order to provide a dual flow or multi-flow pipe assembly useful for the purposes set out herein, in a first broad aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a dual-flow pipe assembly which when a plurality thereof are coupled together in end-to-end relation allows delivery downhole of a first fluid to a hydrocarbon-containing formation and collection from the formation of a separate second fluid while maintaining separate therewithin said first fluid from said second fluid.
In such first broad embodiment each dual-flow pipe assembly comprises:
In a preferred refinement of the above first embodiment of the dual-flow pipe assembly, such dual-flow pipe assembly comprises a plurality of said tubular members, located in alternately-spaced apertures of said plurality of apertures, along substantially a length of said outer pipe member of said dual flow pipe assembly. Such tubular members then fulfill the function of supporting and fixedly retaining the inner pipe member, preferably centrally, within the outer pipe member.
In a still-further refinement, to allow ease of manufacture in installing and fixedly securing the tubular members to the inner pipe member and further securing them to the outer pipe member at the location of the apertures in the outer pipe members, at least some of the alternately-spaced apertures in the periphery of the outer pipe member are threaded, and at least some of said tubular members are threadably coupled to said interior pipe member via threaded insertion in respective of said threaded alternately-spaced apertures. The tubular members may further be welded, at an opposite extremity thereof, to the outer pipe member.
Advantageously, pipe members comprising an outer and inner member of the “pipe-in-pipe” configuration may be manufactured using the above method, and thereafter sealingly coupled together. In such manner the tubular members may then allow flushing fluid to be provided at desired locations along a dual-flow pipe assembly/wellbore. Such tubular members advantageously then serve to fixedly locate the inner pipe member within the outer pipe member, without, to any substantial degree, obstruction of fluid flow in the annular region between the inner and outer pipe members. A flushing fluid may thus be effectively delivered, via the tubular members forming part of the dual flow pipe assembly of the present invention, to fractures in the hydrocarbon formation. Hydrocarbons which flow into the annular region of the dual-flow pipe assembly via the alternately spaced apertures in the periphery of the outer pipe members may then be produced to surface.
Alternatively, of course, since in most embodiments it will makes no difference to the hydrocarbon recovery method, the annular region of the dual flow pipe assembly may be used to deliver the flushing fluid to the alternately-spaced apertures. In such method of employment of the dual flow pipe assembly, the tubular members are then used to collect the hydrocarbons flushed from the formation in the inner pipe member, and the contents of the inner pipe member continually produced to surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the threaded portion on the outer pipe member at one end thereof comprises an externally threaded portion.
In a further preferred embodiment, the threaded portion on the outer pipe member at a mutually opposite other end thereof comprises an internally threaded portion.
In a preferred embodiment, to assist in sealing at the junction of individual outer pipe members, and to avoid the potential need for a sealing gasket when coupling of outer pipe members together, each of the threaded portions on the outer pipe members comprises a frusto-conical thread. In such manner, sealing of the threaded unions is increased.
Similarly, to assist in sealing at junctions of individual inner pipe members, and to likewise possibly avoid the need for a sealing gasket each of the externally threaded portion and said internally threaded portion on the inner pipe members in such embodiment also possess a frusto-conical thread.
In an embodiment wherein each end of each outer pipe member (i.e. said one end and the mutually opposite other end) comprises an externally threaded portion, a coupling collar having a pair of internal, mutually oppositely threaded, conical threaded portions, configured to threadably engage each of said external threads on respective opposite ends of said outer pipe member, may be provided. In such embodiment, rotation of the coupling collar in a first direction conveniently draws together said ends of said outer pipe members to thereby retain the outer pipe members together. Sealing may further be effected by providing a gasket intermediate ends of the outer pipe members, which gasket is compressed upon rotation of the coupling collar in the first direction. Alternatively, or in addition frusto-conical threads may be utilized to further assist in ensuring absence of leakage of either the flushing fluid or collected hydrocarbons from either the inner pipe members or the outer pipe members.
In a further refinement of the invention wherein the aforesaid coupling collar is provided to couple the outer pipe members together, matingly-engageable splines at each end of the outer pipe members are provided, wherein rotating the coupling collar in said first direction draws together said ends of said outer members and further causes mating engagement of said splines so as to rotatably lock one of said dual-flow pipe members relative to another of said dual-flow pipe members. Such allows rotation of a dual-flow pipe assembly which forms a production string to be rotated in either direction (instead of only being able to rotate same in a single direction) without unscrewing the outer pipe members from the respective coupling collars.
The connecting means on the inner pipe members may comprise helically threaded portions on mutually opposite ends of each inner pipe member.
Alternatively, the connecting means on the inner pipe members may comprise a gasket member which is compressed between opposite ends of a pair of said inner pipe members when pipe members are coupled together.
Still further alternatively, the connecting means on the inner pipe members may comprise mutually overlapping ends of a pair of said inner pipe members.
The present invention, in an alternative configuration thereof, comprises a multi-flow pipe assembly, which comprises a series of single pipe members coupled together, each pipe member having one or more divider partition(s) welded therein, thereby creating two or more separate flow channels within each single pipe member. The difficulty in forming a multi-flow pipe assembly comprising a series of such pipe members is being able to couple such pipe members together in a manner that avoids leakage between pipe members at the point of coupling, but which further ensures that the flow channels are in communication between individual pipe members so as to ensure fluids travelling within such multi-flow pipe assembly are maintained separate and do not co-mingle at unions between pipe members.
In such configuration, due to being able to provide multiple divider partitions, more than two flow channels may be created in each pipe assembly. Again, however, in coupling pipe members together, it is problematic to ensure not only no leakage at the junction between such pipe members, but further that each channel in one pipe member is aligned with the corresponding flow channel in an adjoining coupled pipe member.
Accordingly, in this embodiment/aspect of the present invention, a plurality of cylindrical multi-flow pipe members threadably coupled together in end-to-end relation to form a multi-flow pipe assembly, for delivering downhole a first fluid to a hydrocarbon-containing formation and collecting from the formation a separate second fluid, are provided.
Such pipe members each maintaining separate therewithin said first fluid from said second fluid, and when coupled allow each flow channel to communicate with the corresponding flow channel of a coupled pipe member.
In such multi-flow pipe assembly, each pipe member has a longitudinal hollow bore extending substantially a length thereof, and extending throughout said bore at least one substantially flat divider partition, said divider partition dividing said bore longitudinally into a first flow passage and a second separate flow passage.
A first plurality of apertures are provided in an outer periphery of said multi-flow pipe assembly, situated along at least a portion of a length of said multi-flow pipe assembly, and which when said pipe members are coupled together provide fluid communication between an exterior of said multi-flow pipe assembly and said first flow passage.
A second plurality of apertures in said outer periphery of said multi-flow pipe assembly, alternately spaced with said first plurality of apertures in and longitudinally along said outer periphery, are provided. Such second plurality of apertures provide fluid communication between an exterior of said multi-flow pipe assembly and said second flow passage.
Packer elements encircle said outer periphery of said multi-flow pipe assembly, and are positioned between respective pairs of first apertures and second apertures.
Importantly, alignment means, situated at opposite ends of each of said pipe members, adapted to engage corresponding mating alignment means at an opposite end of another pipe member when said pipe members are in end-to-end abutting relationship and ensure said divider partition in each of said pipe members is in substantial coplanar relationship with an adjacent of said divider partition of another pipe member coupled thereto, are provided. Such alignment means may take the form of a pair of dowel members extending from one end of a pipe member, with mating apertures for such dowel members being provided at an opposite end of such pipe members, which dowel members only become aligned with their respective apertures upon the divider partition(s) of that pipe member, and the corresponding fluid flow passages, being aligned and coplanar with the corresponding fluid flow passages of another pipe member to which said first pipe member is being coupled.
The alignment means take the form of a notch in the periphery of the pipe member, at one end thereof, adapted to matingly engage a corresponding protuberance provided at a mutually opposite end of each pipe member. In such configuration, the aperture and protuberance are only aligned for engagement upon the divider partition(s) of that pipe member, and the corresponding fluid flow passages, being aligned and coplanar with the corresponding fluid flow passages of another pipe member to which said first pipe member is being coupled.
Other alignment means for achieving the above purpose will now occur to persons of skill in the art. Such alignment means form part of the invention recited herein.
Lastly, couplings means, at mutually opposite ends of each of said pipe members, which, in combination with said mating alignment means, draw together mutually opposite ends of said pipe members such that said divider partition in each of said pipe members abuts and is in substantially coplanar relationship with, said divider portion of another pipe member coupled thereto.
In a preferred embodiment, opposite “handed” threads are provided on the opposite ends of each pipe member which allows the coupling collar, when rotated in one direction, to draw opposite ends of the pipe members of the multi-flow pipe assembly together in sealing engagement. Accordingly, in such further embodiment/refinement, the coupling means comprises:
an externally threaded portion situated at mutually opposite ends of each of said pipe members, each of said externally threaded portions on each pipe member being mutually oppositely threaded; and
a plurality of coupling collars, having a pair of internal, mutually oppositely threaded, portions, configured to threadably engage each of said external threads on opposite ends of said pipe members, such that rotation of said collars in a first direction draws together respective of said ends of a pair of said outer pipe members and further causes mating engagement of said mating alignment means to prevent relative angular rotation between coupled pipe members.
In a further refinement, the externally threaded portions on each of said pipe members are frusto-conical, and the internal threaded portions on each of said coupling collars are correspondingly frusto-conical in shape.
In a further alternative embodiment, an externally threaded portion on one end of each of said pipe members. A plurality of coupling collars, journalled for rotation at respective of said opposite ends of said pipe members, and further having an internally threaded portion therein, are provided. In such embodiment, when said externally threaded portion at said one end of each of said pipe members abuts said mutually opposite end of said pipe members when same are coupled in end-to-end relation, said alignment means matingly engages said corresponding mating alignment means at an opposite end of another pipe member said coupling collar can be rotated so as to threadably engage said external threaded portion on said one end of said pipe members and retain said pipe members together.
In each of the various above embodiments a sealing gasket may be interposed between each pipe member, said sealing gasket configured to prevent leakage of fluid from said first flow passage to said second flow passage and vice versa when said pipe members are coupled together.
Further advantages and permutations and combinations of the invention will now appear from the above and from the following detailed description of the various particular embodiments of the invention, taken together with the accompanying drawings each of which are intended to be non-limiting, in which:
In the following description, similar components in the drawings figures are identified with corresponding same reference numerals.
Outer cylindrical hollow pipe members 12 has a threaded portion 16 at opposite ends thereof for threaded coupling to another outer pipe member 12′ likewise having corresponding threaded portions 16′. Threaded portion 16 is externally threaded and preferably of frusto-conical shape, while mating threaded portion 16′ is internally threaded and likewise also of frusto-conical shape for better fluid sealing upon engagement of threaded portion 16 with mating threaded portion 16′.
Inner cylindrical pipe member 14 is provided, having a hollow bore 20, situated, preferably co-axially as shown, within outer pipe member 12 so as to form an annular region 25 between an exterior of inner pipe member 14 and an interior surface of outer pipe member 12. Inner pipe member 14 has, at mutually opposite ends 22, 22′ thereof, connecting means 30 to sealingly engage and/or connect to another inner pipe member 14′.
Connecting means 30, in the embodiment shown in
A plurality of apertures 32, 32′ are respectively provided in a periphery of outer pipe members 12, 12′, in spaced-apart relation along a respective length of outer pipe members 12, 12′.
Packer elements 40, 40′ are provided which encircle respective outer pipe members 12, 12′ on dual-flow pipe assembly 10. Each packer element 40, 40′ is positioned between a respective pair of apertures 32, 32′, as shown in
Tubular members 60, 60′ are situated within alternately-spaced apertures 32, 32′ respectively, as shown in
In addition to providing fluid communication, in a preferred embodiment tubular members 60, 60′ further fixedly support and fixedly retain inner pipe member 14 within outer pipe members 12, 12′. In one embodiment this may be done by providing threads 70 at one end of each of such tubular members as shown in
Threadable coupling of outer pipe members 12, 12′ simultaneously results in threaded coupling of inner pipe members 14, 14′ resulting in dual-flow pipe assembly 10.
While
In such alternative embodiment the threaded portion 16, 16′ on each of outer pipe members 12, 12′ each comprise an external thread, preferably of frusto-conical shape as shown in
A coupling collar 80 is provided, having a pair of internal, mutually oppositely (i.e. right handed and left handed) threaded portions 18, 18′, which are configured to threadably engage respectively external threads 16, 16′ on respective opposite ends of outer pipe members 12, 12′. Rotation of coupling collar 80 in one direction draws together ends outer pipe members 12, 12′ to effect coupling thereof.
In such embodiment the connecting means 30 at mutually opposite ends of inner pipe members 14, 14′ comprise overlapping ends 19, 19′, and one or more “O” ring seals 21 to ensure a sealing engagement, as shown in
In such embodiment, due to the fixed coupling of inner pipe members 14, 14′ to outer pipe members 12, 12′ via respective tubular members 60, 60′ as hereinbefore described, rotation of coupling collar 80 draws both outer pipe members 12, 12′ and inner pipe members 14, 14′ together thereby effecting coupling of such pipe members to form dual-flow pipe assembly 10.
Rotation of coupling collar 80 draws both outer pipe members 12, 12′ and inner pipe members 14, 14′ together, compressing gasket members 90, 92, and thereby effecting sealingly coupling such pipe members together to form dual-flow pipe assembly 10.
Each pipe member 200, 200′ has a longitudinal hollow bore extending substantially along a length thereof, which by means of a flat divider partition 102, 102′ typically welded into the bore of pipe members 200, 200′ divides the bores of respective pipe members 200, 200′ into a first flow passage 104, 104′ and a second separate flow passage 106, 106′ respectively.
A first plurality of apertures 32, 32′ are provided in an outer periphery of multi-flow pipe assembly 10, situated along at least a portion of a length of said multi-flow pipe assembly 10, and which when said pipe members 200, 200′ are coupled together provide fluid communication between an exterior of said multi-flow pipe assembly 10 and said first flow passage 104, 104′, respectively.
A second plurality of apertures 31, 31′ are provided respectively in pipe members 200, 200′ in an outer periphery thereof, alternately spaced with said first plurality of apertures 32, 32′ and situated in and longitudinally along said outer periphery of multi-flow pipe assembly 10. Apertures 31, 31′ provide fluid communication between an exterior of said multi-flow pipe assembly 10 and said second flow passage 106, 106′, respectively.
Packer elements 40, 40′ encircling the outer periphery of said multi-flow pipe assembly are provided. Packer elements 40, 40′ are positioned between respective pairs of first apertures 31, 31′ and second apertures 32, 32′ as shown in
Alignment means 77, situated at opposite ends of each of said pipe members 200, 200′, are provided, and are adapted to engage corresponding mating alignment means at an opposite end of pipe members 200, 200′ when said pipe members 200, 201′ are in end-to-end abutting relationship and ensure said divider partition 102, 102′ of respective pipe members 200, 200′ are in substantial coplanar relationship so that channel 104 is aligned with channel 104′ and likewise channel 106 is aligned with channel 106′ when two pipe members 200, 200′ are coupled together, in the manner below described.
Coupling of pipe members 200, 200′ in the embodiments shown in
Coupling collar 81 is provided with a pair of internal helical threads 16, 16′, each of ‘opposite hand’ threads. Thus coupling collar 81, when rotated in one direction, in combination with said mating alignment means 77, draws together mutually opposite ends of said pipe members 200, 200′ such that said divider partition 102 in respective pipe member 200 abuts (save and except for the interposition of gasket 140) and is in substantial coplanar relationship with divider portion 102′ of pipe member 200′.
Alignment means 77, which is critical in ensuring alignment of channels 104, 104′ and 106,106′, may comprise a series of tongue-and-groove indentations 78 in respective pipe members 200,200′, which only interdigitate (i.e. engage) upon correct alignment of channels 104, 104′ and 106, 106′ within respective pipe members 200, 200′, as shown in
In another embodiment alignment means 77 may comprise a dowel or pair of dowels 130 situated on one end of pipe member 200, as shown in
In such embodiment, and as shown in
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular, such as by use of the article “a” or “an” is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more”. In addition, where reference to “fluid” is made, such term is considered meaning all liquids and gases having fluid properties, as well as semi-solids such as tar-like substances.
For a complete definition of the invention and its intended scope, reference is to be made to the summary of the invention and the appended claims read together with and considered with the disclosure and drawings herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2855417 | Jul 2014 | CA | national |
| 2885146 | Mar 2015 | CA | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2015/000428 | 7/2/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/000068 | 1/7/2016 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20170145757 A1 | May 2017 | US |
