Patent Grant
10414135
The present invention is directed to a new unoriented multi-layer polymer film comprising a sealing layer with good optical and sealing properties, as well as to its manufacture.
Polypropylenes are suitable for many applications. For instance polypropylene is applicable in areas where sealing properties play an important role, like in the food packing industry. Irrespectively from the polymer type, a polymer must fulfill at best all desired end properties and additionally must be easily processable, i.e. must withstand stress. However end properties and processing properties act often in a conflicting manner.
In many cases, the seal which is formed between the surfaces to be sealed is put under load while it is still warm. This means that the hot-tack properties of the polypropylene are crucial to ensure that a strong seal is formed even before cooling. But not only the hot tack strength should be rather high but also the heat sealing initiation temperature should be rather low. By operating at lower temperature there is the benefit that the article to be sealed is not exposed to high temperature. There are also economic advantages since lower temperatures are of course cheaper to generate and maintain. Further, all extrusion products have a window within which sealing may occur, i.e. in which the sealing layer becomes partly molten. Traditionally this sealing window has been rather narrow meaning that temperature control during the heat sealing process is critical. Accordingly a broad sealing window would be appreciated because in such a case the temperature control during heat sealing is less important.
Additionally the melting temperature of the used polypropylene should be rather high to avoid stickiness and blocking during the manufacture of the film material.
Finally for many applications the film material shall also have good optical properties.
Accordingly the object of the present invention is to provide a material enabling a skilled person to produce a multi-layer polymer film having high hot tack strength, low heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT), broad processing window, low stickiness and good optical properties.
The finding of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer film comprising a core layer (CL) and sealing layer (SL) comprising a propylene copolymer composition (P) with rather high comonomer content, the comonomers are long chain α-olefins, and said propylene copolymer composition (P) comprises two different fractions, said fractions differ in the comonomer content.
Accordingly in a first embodiment the present invention is directed to a multi-layer polymer film, preferably is directed to an unoriented multi-layer polymer film, comprising
Alternatively (second embodiment) the present invention can be defined as a multi-layer polymer film, preferably as an unoriented multi-layer polymer film, comprising
The term “unoriented” shall indicated that the multi-layer polymer film is not dimensionally stretched as this is the case for biaxially oriented films or blown films. Accordingly it is preferred that the multi-layer polymer film, i.e. the polymer layers of the multi-layer polymer film, is (are) not biaxially stretched or uniaxially stretched. Accordingly it is appreciated that that the multi-layer polymer film is unstretched. Accordingly it is in particular preferred that all polymer layers of the multi-layer polymer film are extruded on a cast film line. Thus in one specific aspect the present invention is directed to multi-layer polymer cast film, i.e. to an unoriented multi-layer polymer cast film.
It has surprisingly been found that such a multi-layer polymer film has a low heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT), a broad sealing window, a high hot tack strength and good optical properties (see example section).
In the following the invention is defined in more detail.
The multi-layer polymer film according to the instant invention comprises a core layer (CL) and at least one sealing layer (SL). Accordingly the multi-layer polymer film may comprise additional layers like an outer layer (OL) and/or a metal layer (ML). The metal layer (ML) is applied after the polymer layers, in particular the core layer (CL), the sealing layers (SL) and optionally the outer layer (OL) have been extruded.
In one preferred embodiment the multi-layer polymer film comprises at least three layers, namely at least one core layer (CL), and two sealing layers (SL), namely a first sealing layer (SL) and a second sealing layer (SL), wherein the multi-layer polymer film has the stacking order first sealing layer (SL)-core layer (CL)-second sealing layer (SL). Accordingly in one preferred embodiment the (two) sealing layer(s) are directly co-extruded with the core layer (CL). Thus in one specific preferred embodiment multi-layer polymer film consists of two sealing layers (SL) and one core layer (CL) having the stacking order first sealing layer (SL)-core layer (CL)-second sealing layer (SL). The first sealing layer (SL) and second sealing layer (SL) can be chemically different or identical. In one embodiment the first sealing layer (SL) and second sealing layer (SL) are chemically identical.
In another preferred embodiment the multi-layer polymer film comprises at least three layers, namely a core layer (CL), a sealing layer (SL) and a metal layer (ML), wherein the sealing layer (SL) is located, i.e. joined, on the one side (surface) of the core layer (CL) and the metal layer (ML) is located, i.e. joined, on the other side (surface) of the core layer (CL). Accordingly the multi-layer polymer film has the stacking order sealing layer (SL)-core layer (CL)-metal layer (ML). Preferably the sealing layer (SL) is co-extruded with the core layer (CL), and subsequently the core layer (CL) is metallized obtaining the metal layer (ML).
In another preferred embodiment the multi-layer polymer film comprises at least three layers, namely a core layer (CL), a sealing layer (SL) and a outer layer (OL), wherein the sealing layer (SL) is located, i.e. joined, on the one side (surface) of the core layer (CL) and the outer layer (OL) is located, i.e. joined, on the other side (surface) of the core layer (CL). Accordingly the multi-layer polymer film has the stacking order sealing layer (SL)-core layer (CL)-outer layer (OL). Preferably the sealing layer (SL) and the outer layer (OL) are co-extruded with the core layer (CL).
The thickness of the core layer (CL) is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μm, more preferably in the range of 20 to 100 μm.
Preferably the sealing layer(s) (SL) has/have a thickness that is substantially less than the thickness of the core layer (CL) and substantially less than the thickness of the total multi-layer polymer film. In one embodiment the thickness of the sealing layer(s) (SL) is/are substantially less, usually less than 20%, of the thickness of the core layer (CL). Accordingly it is appreciated that the sealing layer(s) (SL) has/have a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 30 μm, more preferably in the range of 2 to 15 μm.
The outer layer (OL)—if present—may have a thickness in the range of 2 to 50 μm, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 μm.
Preferably the multi-layer polymer film is obtained by coextrusion. The extrusion coating can be accomplished on a cast film line. An especially preferred process for the preparation of a multi-layer film according to this invention is described in more detail below.
As used herein, the phrase “core layer” although singular, may refer to one or more layers, like to 2 to 5 layers, i.e. 2, 3, 4, or 5 layers, that form the core of the multi-layer polymer film. The core layer (CL) will typically be formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyester, like poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyolefin (PO) and mixtures thereof having desired properties or characteristics, such as good stiffness or barrier properties. Accordingly it is in particular preferred that the core layer (CL) is a polyolefin (PO), more preferably a polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), still more preferably a propylene copolymer (C-PP) or a propylene homopolymer (H-PP), the latter being preferred. In case of a propylene copolymer, said copolymer has preferably a comonomer content between 0.1 and 5 wt.-%, the comonomers are ethylene and/or C4 to C8 α-olefins, preferably ethylene, 1-butene or 1-hexene.
In one preferred embodiment the polypropylene (PP), preferably the propylene homopolymer (H-PP), of the core layer (CL) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230° C.) measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 1.0 to 15.0 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 g/10 min.
The melting temperature Tm determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the polypropylene (PP), more preferably of the propylene homopolymer (H-PP), is at least 150° C., preferably at least 155° C., more preferably in the range of 150 to 166° C., like in the range of 160 to 164° C.
The outer layer (OL)—if present—is preferably a polyolefin (PO) The polyolefin (PO) of the outer layer (OL) can be identical or different to the polyolefin (PO) of the core layer (CL). Accordingly with regard to the preferred polyolefin (PO) used as the outer layer (OL) reference is made to the information provided above for the polyolefin (PO) used as the core layer (CL). In one embodiment the outer layer (OL) is a polyamide, a polyester, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyethylene (PE) or a polypropylene (PP).
In one embodiment the polyolefin (PO) of the core layer (CL) and outer layer (OL) are identical, more preferably a propylene homopolymer (H-PP) as defined above.
As a further requirement the sealing layer(s) (SL) of the multi-layer polymer film must comprise a propylene copolymer composition (P). In a preferred embodiment the sealing layer(s) (SL) comprise(s) the propylene copolymer composition (P) as the only polymer component. Accordingly it is preferred that the amount of the propylene copolymer composition (P) within the sealing layer(s) (SL) is at least 70 wt.-%, more preferably at least 80 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 90 wt.-%, still yet more preferably at least 95 wt.-%, like at least 99 wt.-%. In one preferred embodiment the sealing layer(s) (SL) consist(s) of the propylene copolymer composition (P).
The propylene copolymer composition (P) according to this invention is featured by a rather high comonomer content. A “comonomer” according to this invention is a polymerizable unit different to propylene. Accordingly the propylene copolymer composition (P) according to this invention shall have a comonomer content of at least 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably of at least 3.0 wt.-%, more preferably of at least 3.3 wt.-%, still more preferably of at least 3.5 wt.-%, like of at least 3.8 wt.-%. Thus it is preferred that the propylene copolymer composition (P) according to this invention has a comonomer content in the range of 2.0 to 10.0 wt.-%, more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 8.0 wt.-%, still more preferably in the range of 3.2 to 7.5 wt.-%, still more preferably in the range of 3.3 to 7.5 wt.-%, like in the range of 3.5 to 6.5 wt.-%.
In a preferred embodiment the amount of comonomer within the sealing layer(s) (SL) is the same as for the propylene copolymer composition (P).
The comonomers of the propylene copolymer composition (P) are C5 to C12 α-olefins, e.g. 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. The propylene copolymer composition (P) of the present invention may contain more than one type of comonomer. Thus the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the present invention may contain one, two or three different comonomers, the comonomers are selected from the group of C5 α-olefin, C6 α-olefin, C7 α-olefin, C8 α-olefin, C9 α-olefin, C10 α-olefin, C11 α-olefin, and C12 α-olefin. However it is preferred that the propylene copolymer composition (P) contains only one type of comonomer. Preferably the propylene copolymer composition (P) comprises—apart from propylene—only 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. In an especially preferred embodiment the comonomer of the propylene copolymer composition (P) is only 1-hexene.
The propylene copolymer composition (P) as well as the propylene copolymer (B) and the propylene copolymer (C-A) according to this invention are preferably random propylene copolymers. The term “random copolymer” has to be preferably understood according to IUPAC (Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. No. 68, 8, pp. 1591 to 1595, 1996). Preferably the molar concentration of comonomer dyads, like 1-hexene dyads, obeys the relationship
[HH]<[H]2
wherein
Preferably the propylene copolymer composition (P) as well as the propylene copolymer (C-A) and the propylene copolymer (B) as defined in detail below are isotactic. Accordingly it is appreciated that the propylene copolymer composition (P), the propylene copolymer (C-A) and the propylene copolymer (B) have a rather high isotactic triad concentration, i.e. higher than 90%, more preferably higher than 92%, still more preferably higher than 93% and yet more preferably higher than 95%, like higher than 97%.
The molecular weight distribution (MWD) is the relation between the numbers of molecules in a polymer and the individual chain length. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) is expressed as the ratio of weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn). The number average molecular weight (Mn) is an average molecular weight of a polymer expressed as the first moment of a plot of the number of molecules in each molecular weight range against the molecular weight. In effect, this is the total molecular weight of all molecules divided by the number of molecules. In turn, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is the first moment of a plot of the weight of polymer in each molecular weight range against molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) as well as the molecular weight distribution (MWD) are determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using Waters Alliance GPCV 2000 instrument with online viscometer. The oven temperature is 140° C. Trichlorobenzene is used as a solvent (ISO 16014).
Accordingly it is preferred that the inventive propylene copolymer composition (P) has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) from 100 to 700 kg/mol, more preferably from 150 to 400 kg/mol.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polypropylene is preferably in the range of 25 to 200 kg/mol, more preferably from 30 to 150 kg/mol.
Further it is appreciated that the molecular weight distribution (MWD) measured according to ISO 16014 is at least 2.5, preferably at least 3, more preferably in the range of 2.5 to 8, more preferably 3 to 5.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the present invention has a melt flow rate (MFR) given in a specific range. The melt flow rate measured under a load of 2.16 kg at 230° C. (ISO 1133) is denoted as MFR2. Accordingly, it is preferred that in the present invention the propylene copolymer composition (P) has a melt flow rate MFR2 measured according to ISO 1133 in the range of 2.0 to 50.0 g/10 min, more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 25.0 g/10 min, still more preferably in the range of 3.0 to 20.0 g/10 min, yet still more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 15.0 g/10 min.
In a preferred embodiment the molecular weight distribution (MWD), the weight average molecular weight (Mw), the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the melt flow rate (MFR) of the sealing layer (SL) is the same as for the propylene copolymer composition (P) indicated above.
As mentioned above, the multi-layer polymer film shall be especially suitable for the packing industry. Accordingly good sealing properties are desired, like rather low heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) and a broad sealing window combined with low stickiness.
Accordingly it is preferred that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and thus also the propylene copolymer composition (P) has/have a heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) of not more than 115° C., more preferably of equal or below 110° C., still more preferably in the range of 90 to 115° C., yet more preferably in the range of 93 to equal or below 110° C.
Alternatively or additionally the multi-layer polymer film has a heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) of not more than 115° C., more preferably of equal or below 110° C., still more preferably in the range of 90 to 115° C., yet more preferably in the range of 93 to equal or below 110° C.
Further it is appreciated that the sealing layer (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) has/have a broad heat sealing range. Accordingly it is preferred that the sealing layer (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) has/have a heat sealing range of at least 20° C., more preferably of at least 25° C., yet more preferably of at least 28° C., still more preferably in the range of 20 to 50° C., still yet more preferably in the range of 25 to 45° C. The heat sealing range is defined as the difference of heat sealing end temperature (SET) [° C.] and heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) [° C.], [(SET)−(SIT)].
Alternatively or additionally the multi-layer polymer film has a heat sealing range of at least 20° C., more preferably of at least 25° C., yet more preferably of at least 28° C., still more preferably in the range of 20 to 50° C., still yet more preferably in the range of 25 to 45° C.
But not only the heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) shall be rather low but also the melting temperature (Tm) shall be rather high. Accordingly the difference between the melting temperature (Tm) and the heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT) shall be rather high. Thus it is preferred that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) fulfill(s) the equation (I), more preferably the equation (Ia), still more preferably the equation (Ib),
Tm−SIT≥22° C. (I)
Tm−SIT≥24° C. (Ia)
Tm−SIT≥27° C. (Ib)
wherein
The melting temperature (Tm) measured according to ISO 11357-3 of the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or of the propylene copolymer composition (P) is preferably at least 125.0° C., more preferably of at least 128° C., still more preferably of at least 135° C., like at least 140° C. Thus it is in particular appreciated that the melting temperature (Tm) measured according to ISO 11357-3 of the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or of the propylene copolymer composition (P) is in the range of 120 to 155° C., more preferably in the range of 122 to 150° C., still more preferably in the range of 125 to 155° C., still yet more preferably in the range of 120 to 150° C., like in the range of 125 to 150° C.
Additionally it is appreciated that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the instant invention has/have a crystallization temperature (Tc) measured according to ISO 11357-3 of at least 88° C., more preferably of at least 90° C. Accordingly the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) has/have preferably a crystallization temperature (Tc) measured according to ISO 11357-3 in the range of 88 to 115° C., more preferably in the range of 90 to 110° C.
Additionally the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) can be defined by the xylene cold soluble (XCS) content. Accordingly the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) is/are preferably featured by a xylene cold soluble (XCS) content of below 25.0 wt.-%, more preferably of below 22.0 wt.-%, yet more preferably equal or below 20.0 wt.-%, still more preferably below 16.0 wt.-%. Thus it is in particular appreciated that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the instant invention has/have a xylene cold soluble (XCS) content in the range of 0.5 to 25.0 wt.-%, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20.0 wt.-%, yet more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 16.0 wt.-%.
The amount of xylene cold soluble (XCS) additionally indicates that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) is/are preferably free of any elastomeric polymer component, like an ethylene propylene rubber. In other words the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) shall be not a heterophasic polypropylene, i.e. a system consisting of a polypropylene matrix in which an elastomeric phase is dispersed. Such systems are featured by a rather high xylene cold soluble content. Accordingly in a preferred embodiment the propylene copolymer composition (P) comprises the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B) as the only polymer components.
Similar to xylene cold solubles (XCS) the hexane hot soluble (HHS) indicate that part of a polymer which has a low crystallinity and which is soluble in hexane at 50° C.
Accordingly it is preferred that the sealing layer(s) (SL) and/or the propylene copolymer composition (P) has/have hexane hot solubles (HHS) measured according to FDA 177.1520 of not more than 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably not more than 2.0 wt.-%, like not more than 1.5 wt.-%.
The propylene copolymer composition (P) of the present invention is further defined by its polymer fractions present. Accordingly the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the present invention comprises at least, preferably consists of, two fractions, namely the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B). Further the polypropylene (A) is preferably the comonomer lean fraction whereas the propylene copolymer (B) is the comonomer rich fraction.
Thus it is appreciated that the polypropylene (A) has a comonomer content of equal or below 5.0 wt.-%, more preferably of equal or below 4.0 wt.-%. Accordingly the polypropylene (A) can be a propylene homopolymer (H-A) or a propylene copolymer (C-A).
The expression homopolymer used in the instant invention relates to a polypropylene that consists of at least 99.5 wt.-%, more preferably of at least 99.8 wt.-%, of propylene units. In a preferred embodiment only propylene units in the propylene homopolymer are detectable.
In case the polypropylene (A) is a propylene copolymer (C-A) the comonomer content is in the range of 0.2 to equal or below 5.0 wt.-%, preferably in the range 0.5 to equal or below 4.0 wt.-%. More preferably the propylene copolymer (C-A) is a random propylene copolymer. The comonomers of the propylene copolymer (C-A) are C5 to C12 α-olefins, more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (C-A) are selected from the group of C5 α-olefin, C6 α-olefin, C7 α-olefin, C8 α-olefin, C9 α-olefin, C10 α-olefin, C11 α-olefin, an C12 α-olefin, still more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (C-A) are 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. The propylene copolymer (C-A) may contain more than one type of comonomer. Thus the propylene copolymer (C-A) of the present invention may contain one, two or three different comonomers. However it is preferred that the propylene copolymer (C-A) contains only one type of comonomer. Preferably the propylene copolymer (C-A) comprises—apart from propylene—only 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. In an especially preferred embodiment the comonomer of the propylene copolymer (C-A) is only 1-hexene.
Thus the propylene copolymer (C-A) is in one preferred embodiment a propylene copolymer of propylene and 1-hexene only, wherein the 1-hexene content is in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 wt-%, preferably in the range of 0.5 to equal or below 4.0 wt-%.
The propylene copolymer (B) has preferably a higher comonomer content than the polypropylene (A). Accordingly the propylene copolymer (B) has a comonomer content of equal or more than 2.5 wt.-% to 20.0 wt.-%, more preferably of equal or more than 3.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, still more preferably of equal or more than 4.0 to 10.0 wt.-%.
More preferably the propylene copolymer (B) is a random propylene copolymer.
The comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are C5 to C12 α-olefins, more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are selected from the group of C5 α-olefin, C6 α-olefin, C7 α-olefin, C8 α-olefin, C9 α-olefin, C10 α-olefin, C11 α-olefin, an C12 α-olefin, still more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. The propylene copolymer (B) may contain more than one type of comonomer. Thus the propylene copolymer (B) of the present invention may contain one, two or three different comonomers. However it is preferred that the propylene copolymer (B) contains only one type of comonomer. Preferably the propylene copolymer (B) comprises—apart from propylene—only 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. In an especially preferred embodiment the comonomer of the propylene copolymer (B) is only 1-hexene.
Thus the propylene copolymer (C-A) is in one preferred embodiment a propylene copolymer of propylene and 1-hexene only, wherein the 1-hexene content is in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 wt-%, preferably in the range of 0.5 to equal or below 4.0 wt-%.
The propylene copolymer (B) has preferably a higher comonomer content than the polypropylene (A). Accordingly the propylene copolymer (B) has a comonomer content of equal or more than 2.5 wt.-% to 20.0 wt.-%, more preferably of equal or more than 3.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, still more preferably of equal or more than 4.0 to 12.0 wt.-%.
More preferably the propylene copolymer (B) is a random propylene copolymer.
The comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are C5 to C12 α-olefins, more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are selected from the group of C5 α-olefin, C6 α-olefin, C7 α-olefin, C8 α-olefin, C9 α-olefin, C10 α-olefin, C11 α-olefin, an C12 α-olefin, still more preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. The propylene copolymer (B) may contain more than one type of comonomer. Thus the propylene copolymer (B) of the present invention may contain one, two or three different comonomers. However it is preferred that the propylene copolymer (B) contains only one type of comonomer. Preferably the propylene copolymer (B) comprises—apart from propylene—only 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. In an especially preferred embodiment the comonomer of the propylene copolymer (B) is only 1-hexene.
Thus the propylene copolymer (B) is in a preferred embodiment a propylene copolymer of propylene and 1-hexene only, wherein the 1-hexene content is in the range of equal or more than 2.5 wt.-% to 20.0 wt.-%, more preferably of equal or more than 3.0 to 15.0 wt.-%, still more preferably of equal or more than 4.0 to 12.0 wt.-%.
It is in particular preferred that the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (C-A) and of the propylene copolymer (B) are the same. Accordingly in one preferred embodiment the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the instant invention comprises, preferably comprises only, a propylene copolymer (C-A) and a propylene copolymer (B), in both polymers the comonomer is only 1-hexene.
In another preferred embodiment the propylene copolymer composition (P) of the instant invention comprises, preferably comprises only, a propylene homopolymer (H-A) and a propylene copolymer (B), wherein the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are selected from the group consisting of C5 α-olefin, C6 α-olefin, C7 α-olefin, C8 α-olefin, C9 α-olefin, C10 α-olefin, C11 α-olefin, an C12 α-olefin, preferably the comonomers of the propylene copolymer (B) are 1-hexene and/or 1-octene, more preferably the comonomer of the propylene copolymer (B) is 1-hexene only.
As mentioned above polypropylene (A) is preferably the comonomer lean fraction whereas the propylene copolymer (B) is the comonomer rich fraction. Accordingly the comonomer content in the polypropylene (A) is lower compared to the comonomer content of the propylene copolymer (B). Thus it is appreciated that the propylene copolymer composition (P) and the polypropylene (A) fulfil together the correlation [com (P)−com (A)] being at least 1.0, i.e. in the range of 1.0 to 6.0, more preferably being in the range of 1.0 to 4.5, still more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.0,
wherein
The equation is in particular applicable in case the polypropylene (A) is a propylene copolymer (C-A) as defined above.
One important aspect of the present invention is that the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B) of the propylene copolymer composition (P) differ in the comonomer content. Additionally the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B) of the propylene copolymer composition (P) may also differ in the melt flow rate. Accordingly the ratio MFR (A)/MFR (P) is equal or below 1.0, more preferably equal or below 0.70, yet more preferably equal or below 0.60, still more preferably equal or below 0.55,
wherein
Further it is appreciated that the polypropylene (A) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230° C.) measured according to ISO 1133 of at least 0.5 g/10 min, more preferably of at least 1.5 g/10 min, still more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 8.0 g/10 min, still more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 7.0 g/10 min, yet more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 g/10 min, like in the range of 2.5 to 5.0 g/10 min.
As a high melt flow rate indicates a low molecular weight, it is appreciated that the polypropylene (A) has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of below 450 kg/mol, still more preferably of below 400 kg/mol, yet more preferably in the range of 150 to below 450 kg/mol, like in the range of 180 to 400 kg/mol.
Further the polypropylene (A) has preferably a xylene cold soluble (XCS) content of below 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably of below 2.0 wt.-%, still more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 2.5 wt.-%, yet more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 wt.-%. It is in particular preferred that the propylene copolymer (A) has a lower xylene cold soluble (XCS) content than the propylene copolymer (B).
The propylene copolymer composition (P) may contain additives known in the art, like antioxidants, nucleating agents, slip agents and antistatic agents. The polymer fraction, preferably the sum of the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B) fractions, is at least 90 wt.-%, more preferably at least 95 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 98 wt.-%, like at least 99 wt.-%.
In the following the preparation of the multi-layer film is defined in more detail.
The polymers used for the core layer (CL) are known in the art and are not on focus in this invention. Typical commercially available polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyolefins (PO), like propylene homopolymer (H-PP), can be used for the core layer (CL).
The propylene copolymer composition (P) is preferably obtained by a sequential polymerization process comprising at least two reactors connected in series, wherein said process comprises the steps of
Concerning the definition of the propylene copolymer composition (P), the polypropylene (A) and the propylene copolymer (B) it is referred to the definitions given above.
The term “sequential polymerization process” indicates that the propylene copolymer composition (P) is produced in at least two reactors connected in series. Accordingly, a decisive aspect of the present process is the preparation of the propylene copolymer composition (P) in two different reactors. Thus the present process comprises at least a first reactor (R-1) and a second reactor (R-2). In one specific embodiment the instant process consists of two polymerization reactors (R-1) and (R-2). The term “polymerization reactor” shall indicate that the main polymerization takes place. Thus in case the process consists of two polymerization reactors, this definition does not exclude the option that the overall process comprises for instance a pre-polymerization step in a pre-polymerization reactor. The term “consists of” is only a closing formulation in view of the main polymerization reactors.
The first reactor (R-1) is preferably a slurry reactor (SR) and can be any continuous or simple stirred batch tank reactor or loop reactor operating in bulk or slurry. Bulk means a polymerization in a reaction medium that comprises of at least 60% (wt/wt), preferably 100% monomer. According to the present invention the slurry reactor (SR) is preferably a (bulk) loop reactor (LR).
The second reactor (R-2) and any subsequent reactor are preferably gas phase reactors (GPR). Such gas phase reactors (GPR) can be any mechanically mixed or fluid bed reactors. Preferably the gas phase reactors (GPR) comprise a mechanically agitated fluid bed reactor with gas velocities of at least 0.2 m/sec. Thus it is appreciated that the gas phase reactor is a fluidized bed type reactor preferably with a mechanical stirrer.
The condition (temperature, pressure, reaction time, monomer feed) in each reactor is dependent on the desired product which is in the knowledge of a person skilled in the art. As already indicated above, the first reactor (R-1) is preferably a slurry reactor (SR), like a loop reactor (LR), whereas the second reactor (R-2) is preferably a gas phase reactor (GPR-1). The subsequent reactors—if present—are also preferably gas phase reactors (GPR).
A preferred multistage process is a “loop-gas phase”-process, such as developed by Borealis A/S, Denmark (known as BORSTAR® technology) described e.g. in patent literature, such as in EP 0 887 379 or in WO 92/12182.
Multimodal polymers can be produced according to several processes which are described, e.g. in WO 92/12182, EP 0 887 379, and WO 98/58976. The contents of these documents are included herein by reference.
Preferably, in the instant process for producing propylene copolymer composition (P) as defined above the conditions for the first reactor (R-1), i.e. the slurry reactor (SR), like a loop reactor (LR), of step (A) may be as follows:
Subsequently, the reaction mixture from step (A) is transferred to the second reactor (R-2), i.e. gas phase reactor (GPR-1), i.e. to step (D), whereby the conditions in step (D) are preferably as follows:
The residence time can vary in both reactor zones.
In one embodiment of the process for producing propylene copolymer composition (P) the residence time in bulk reactor, e.g. loop is in the range 0.2 to 4 hours, e.g. 0.3 to 1.5 hours and the residence time in gas phase reactor will generally be 0.2 to 6.0 hours, like 0.5 to 4.0 hours.
If desired, the polymerization may be effected in a known manner under supercritical conditions in the first reactor (R-1), i.e. in the slurry reactor (SR), like in the loop reactor (LR), and/or as a condensed mode in the gas phase reactor (GPR-1).
The conditions in the other gas phase reactors (GPR), if present, are similar to the second reactor (R-2).
The present process may also encompass a pre-polymerization prior to the polymerization in the first reactor (R-1). The pre-polymerization can be conducted in the first reactor (R-1), however it is preferred that the pre-polymerization takes place in a separate reactor, so called pre-polymerization reactor.
In one specific embodiment the solid catalyst system (SCS) has a porosity measured according ASTM 4641 of less than 1.40 ml/g and/or a surface area measured according to ASTM D 3663 of lower than 25 m2/g.
Preferably the solid catalyst system (SCS) has a surface area of lower than 15 m2/g, yet still lower than 10 m2/g and most preferred lower than 5 m2/g, which is the lowest measurement limit. The surface area according to this invention is measured according to ASTM D 3663 (N2).
Alternatively or additionally it is appreciated that the solid catalyst system (SCS) has a porosity of less than 1.30 ml/g and more preferably less than 1.00 ml/g. The porosity has been measured according to ASTM 4641 (N2). In another preferred embodiment the porosity is not detectable when determined with the method applied according to ASTM 4641 (N2).
Furthermore the solid catalyst system (SCS) typically has a mean particle size of not more than 500 μm, i.e. preferably in the range of 2 to 500 μm, more preferably 5 to 200 μm. It is in particular preferred that the mean particle size is below 80 μm, still more preferably below 70 μm. A preferred range for the mean particle size is 5 to 70 μm, or even 10 to 60 μm.
As stated above the transition metal (M) is zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), preferably zirconium (Zr).
The term “σ-ligand” is understood in the whole description in a known manner, i.e. a group bound to the metal via a sigma bond. Thus the anionic ligands “X” can independently be halogen or be selected from the group consisting of R′, OR′, SiR′3, OSiR′3, OSO2CF3, OCOR′, SR′, NR′2 or PR′2 group wherein R′ is independently hydrogen, a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, C1 to C20 alkyl, C2 to C20 alkenyl, C2 to C20 alkynyl, C3 to C12 cycloalkyl, C6 to C20 aryl, C7 to C20 arylalkyl, C7 to C20 alkylaryl, C8 to C20 arylalkenyl, in which the R′ group can optionally contain one or more heteroatoms belonging to groups 14 to 16. In a preferred embodiments the anionic ligands “X” are identical and either halogen, like Cl, or methyl or benzyl.
A preferred monovalent anionic ligand is halogen, in particular chlorine (Cl).
The substituted cyclopentadienyl-type ligand(s) may have one or more substituent(s) being selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrocarbyl (e.g. C1 to C20 alkyl, C2 to C20 alkenyl, C2 to C20 alkynyl, C3 to C20 cycloalkyl, like C1 to C20 alkyl substituted C5 to C20 cycloalkyl, C6 to C20 aryl, C5 to C20 cycloalkyl substituted C1 to C20 alkyl wherein the cycloalkyl residue is substituted by C1 to C20 alkyl, C7 to C20 arylalkyl, C3 to C12 cycloalkyl which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatom(s) in the ring moiety, C6 to C20-heteroaryl, C1 to C20-haloalkyl, —SiR″3, —SR″, —PR″2 or —NR″2, each R″ is independently a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl (e. g. C1 to C20 alkyl, C1 to C20 alkenyl, C2 to C20 alkynyl, C3 to C12 cycloalkyl, or C6 to C20 aryl) or e.g. in case of —NR″2, the two substituents R″ can form a ring, e.g. five- or six-membered ring, together with the nitrogen atom wherein they are attached to.
Further “R” of formula (I) is preferably a bridge of 1 to 4 atoms, such atoms being independently carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge) or oxygen (O) atom(s), whereby each of the bridge atoms may bear independently substituents, such as C1 to C20-hydrocarbyl, tri(C1 to C20-alkyl)silyl, tri(C1 to C20-alkyl)siloxy and more preferably “R” is a one atom bridge like e.g. —SiR′″2—, wherein each R′″ is independently C1 to C20-alkyl, C2 to C20-alkenyl, C2 to C20-alkynyl, C3 to C12 cycloalkyl, C6 to C20-aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, or tri(C1 to C20 alkyl)silyl-residue, such as trimethylsilyl-, or the two R′″ can be part of a ring system including the Si bridging atom.
In a preferred embodiment the transition metal compound has the formula (II)
wherein
Preferably the transition metal compound of formula (II) is C2-symmetric or pseudo-C2-symmetric. Concerning the definition of symmetry it is referred to Resconi et al. Chemical Reviews, 2000, Vol. 100, No. 4 1263 and references herein cited.
Preferably the residues R1 are equal to or different from each other, more preferably equal, and are selected from the group consisting of linear saturated C1 to C10 alkyl, linear unsaturated C1 to C10 alkyl, branched saturated C1 to C10 alkyl, branched unsaturated C1 to C10 alkyl and C7 to C12 arylalkyl. Even more preferably the residues R1 are equal to or different from each other, more preferably equal, and are selected from the group consisting of linear saturated C1 to C6 alkyl, linear unsaturated C1 to C6 alkyl, branched saturated C1 to C6 alkyl, branched unsaturated C1 to C6 alkyl and C7 to C10 arylalkyl. Yet more preferably the residues R1 are equal to or different from each other, more preferably equal, and are selected from the group consisting of linear or branched C1 to C4 hydrocarbyl, such as for example methyl or ethyl.
Preferably the residues R2 to R6 are equal to or different from each other and linear saturated C1 to C4 alkyl or branched saturated C1 to C4 alkyl. Even more preferably the residues R2 to R6 are equal to or different from each other, more preferably equal, and are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl and tert-butyl.
Preferably R7 and R8 are equal to or different from each other and are selected from hydrogen and methyl, or they are part of a 5-methylene ring including the two indenyl ring carbons to which they are attached. In another preferred embodiment, R7 is selected from OCH3 and OC2H5, and R8 is tert-butyl.
In a preferred embodiment the transition metal compound is rac-methyl(cyclohexyl)silanediyl bis(2-methyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)indenyl)zirconium dichloride.
In a second preferred embodiment, the transition metal compound is rac-dimethylsilanediyl bis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)zirconium dichloride.
In a third preferred embodiment, the transition metal compound is rac-dimethylsilanediyl bis(2-methyl-4-phenyl-5-methoxy-6-tert-butylindenyl)zirconium dichloride.
As a further requirement the solid catalyst system (SCS) according to this invention must comprise a cocatalyst (Co) comprising an element (E) of group 13 of the periodic table (IUPAC), for instance the cocatalyst (Co) comprises a compound of Al.
Examples of such cocatalyst (Co) are organo aluminium compounds, such as aluminoxane compounds.
Such compounds of Al, preferably aluminoxanes, can be used as the only compound in the cocatalyst (Co) or together with other cocatalyst compound(s). Thus besides or in addition to the compounds of Al, i.e. the aluminoxanes, other cation complex forming cocatalyst compounds, like boron compounds can be used. Said cocatalysts are commercially available or can be prepared according to the prior art literature. Preferably however in the manufacture of the solid catalyst system only compounds of Al as cocatalyst (Co) are employed.
In particular preferred cocatalysts (Co) are the aluminoxanes, in particular the C1 to C10-alkylaluminoxanes, most particularly methylaluminoxane (MAO).
Preferably, the organo-zirconium compound of formula (I) and the cocatalyst (Co) of the solid catalyst system (SCS) represent at least 70 wt %, more preferably at least 80 wt %, even more preferably at least 90 wt %, even further preferably at least 95 wt % of the solid catalyst system. Thus it is appreciated that the solid catalyst system is featured by the fact that it is self-supported, i.e. it does not comprise any catalytically inert support material, like for instance silica, alumina or MgCl2 or porous polymeric material, which is otherwise commonly used in heterogeneous catalyst systems, i.e. the catalyst is not supported on external support or carrier material. As a consequence of that the solid catalyst system (SCS) is self-supported and it has a rather low surface area.
In one embodiment the solid metallocene catalyst system (SCS) is obtained by the emulsion solidification technology, the basic principles of which are described in WO 03/051934. This document is herewith included in its entirety by reference.
Hence the solid catalyst system (SCS) is preferably in the form of solid catalyst particles, obtainable by a process comprising the steps of
Preferably a first solvent, more preferably a first organic solvent, is used to form said solution. Still more preferably the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkane, cyclic alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon and halogen-containing hydrocarbon.
Moreover the second solvent forming the continuous phase is an inert solvent towards to catalyst components, The second solvent might be immiscible towards the solution of the catalyst components at least under the conditions (like temperature) during the dispersing step. The term “immiscible with the catalyst solution” means that the second solvent (continuous phase) is fully immiscible or partly immiscible i.e. not fully miscible with the dispersed phase solution.
Preferably the immiscible solvent comprises a fluorinated organic solvent and/or a functionalized derivative thereof, still more preferably the immiscible solvent comprises a semi-, highly- or perfluorinated hydrocarbon and/or a functionalized derivative thereof. It is in particular preferred, that said immiscible solvent comprises a perfluorohydrocarbon or a functionalized derivative thereof, preferably C3-C30 perfluoroalkanes, -alkenes or -cycloalkanes, more preferred C4-C10 perfluoro-alkanes, -alkenes or -cycloalkanes, particularly preferred perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane or perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) or perfluoro (1,3-dimethylcyclohexane) or a mixture thereof.
Furthermore it is preferred that the emulsion comprising said continuous phase and said dispersed phase is a bi- or multiphasic system as known in the art. An emulsifier may be used for forming and stabilising the emulsion. After the formation of the emulsion system, said catalyst is formed in situ from catalyst components in said solution.
In principle, the emulsifying agent may be any suitable agent which contributes to the formation and/or stabilization of the emulsion and which does not have any adverse effect on the catalytic activity of the catalyst. The emulsifying agent may e.g. be a surfactant based on hydrocarbons optionally interrupted with (a) heteroatom(s), preferably halogenated hydrocarbons optionally having a functional group, preferably semi-, highly- or perfluorinated hydrocarbons as known in the art. Alternatively, the emulsifying agent may be prepared during the emulsion preparation, e.g. by reacting a surfactant precursor with a compound of the catalyst solution. Said surfactant precursor may be a halogenated hydrocarbon with at least one functional group, e.g. a highly fluorinated C1-n (suitably C4-30- or C5-15) alcohol (e.g. highly fluorinated heptanol, octanol or nonanol), oxide (e.g. propenoxide) or acrylate ester which reacts e.g. with a cocatalyst component, such as aluminoxane to form the “actual” surfactant.
In principle any solidification method can be used for forming the solid particles from the dispersed droplets. According to one preferable embodiment the solidification is effected by a temperature change treatment. Hence the emulsion subjected to gradual temperature change of up to 10° C./min, preferably 0.5 to 6° C./min and more preferably 1 to 5° C./min. Even more preferred the emulsion is subjected to a temperature change of more than 40° C., preferably more than 50° C. within less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 6 seconds.
For further details, embodiments and examples of the continuous and dispersed phase system, emulsion formation method, emulsifying agent and solidification methods reference is made e.g. to the above cited international patent application WO 03/051934.
All or part of the preparation steps can be done in a continuous manner Reference is made to WO 2006/069733 describing principles of such continuous or semicontinuous preparation methods of the solid catalyst types, prepared via emulsion/solidification method.
The above described catalyst components are prepared according to the methods described in WO 01/48034.
The multi-layer polymer film of the instant invention is obtained by coextruding the core layer (CL) on the one side with a propylene copolymer composition (P) obtaining the sealing layer (SL). Optionally on the other side of the core layer (CL) an outer layer (OL), for instance an outer layer (OL), a second sealing layer (SL) or a metal layer (ML) can be placed. The second sealing layer (SL) is preferably made also from a propylene copolymer composition (P) according to this invention whereas the outer layer (OL) is preferably a polypropylene (PP) or a polyethylene (PE).
The layered structure of the multi-layer polymer film of the invention may be prepared by any conventional film formation process including extrusion procedures, such as cast film extrusion. Preferred method is coextrusion on a cast film line.
It is in particular preferred that the multi-layer polymer film is not subjected a stretching step.
In case the multi-layer polymer film is produced by cast film technology the molten polymers are extruded through slot extrusion dies onto a chill roll to cool the polymers to a solid film of at least two layers. For the production of the multi-layer polymer film the process is carried out by coextruding the melts of the polymer composition, i.e. the polymer for the core layer (CL), the propylene copolymer composition (P) for the sealing layer (SL) and optionally the polymer for the outer layer (OL) or for a further sealing layer (SL), corresponding to the individual layers of the multi-layer polymer film through flat-film multilayer die, taking off the resultant multi-layer polymer film over one or more rolls for solidification. As it is conventional in the coextrusion process, the polymer of each respective individual layer is firstly compressed and liquefied in an extruder, it being possible for any additives to be already added to the polymer or introduced at this stage via a masterbatch. The melts are then forced simultaneously through a flat-film die (slot die), and the extruded multi-layer polymer film is taken off on one or more take-off rolls, during which it cools and solidifies. It has proven particularly favorable to keep the take-off roll or rolls, by means of which the extruded film is cooled and solidified, at a temperature from 10 to 50 C, preferably from 15 to 40 C. Subsequently the metal layer (ML) is applied, if present.
Optionally one or both, surface (s) of the multi-layer polymer film can be corona- or flame-treated by one of the known methods. For the corona treatment, the film is passed between two conductor elements serving as electrodes, with such a high voltage, usually an alternating voltage (about 10000 V and 10000 Hz), being applied between the electrodes that spray or corona discharges can occur. Due to the spray or corona discharge, the air above the film surface is ionized and reacts with the molecules of the film surface, causing formation of polar inclusions in the essentially non-polar polymer matrix. The treatment intensities are in the usual range, preferably from 38 to 45 dynes/cm after production.
Furthermore the present invention is also directed to the use of the inventive multi-layer polymer film as packing material, in particular as a as packing material, in particular as a packing material for food and/or non-food products like textiles, flowers, carton boxes containing tobacco product or perfumes.
In the following, the present invention is described by way of examples.
The following definitions of terms and determination methods apply for the above general description of the invention as well as to the below examples unless otherwise defined.
Quantitative nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantify the isotacticity, regio-regularity and comonomer content of the polymers. Quantitative 13C{1H} NMR spectra recorded in the molten-state using a Bruker Advance III 500 NMR spectrometer operating at 500.13 and 125.76 MHz for 1H and 13C respectively. All spectra were recorded using a 13C optimised 7 mm magic-angle spinning (MAS) probehead at 180° C. using nitrogen gas for all pneumatics. Approximately 200 mg of material was packed into a 7 mm outer diameter zirconia MAS rotor and spun at 4 kHz. Standard single-pulse excitation was employed utilising the NOE at short recycle delays (as described in Pollard, M., Klimke, K., Graf, R., Spiess, H. W., Wilhelm, M., Sperber, O., Piel, C., Kaminsky, W., Macromolecules 2004, 37, 813, and in Klimke, K., Parkinson, M., Piel, C., Kaminsky, W., Spiess, H. W., Wilhelm, M., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2006, 207, 382) and the RS-HEPT decoupling scheme (as described in Filip, X., Tripon, C., Filip, C., J. Mag. Resn. 2005, 176, 239, and in Griffin, J. M., Tripon, C., Samoson, A., Filip, C., and Brown, S. P., Mag. Res. in Chem. 2007, 45, S1, S198). A total of 1024 (1 k) transients were acquired per spectra.
Quantitative 13C{1H} NMR spectra were processed, integrated and relevant quantitative properties determined from the integrals. All chemical shifts are internally referenced to the methyl isotactic pentad (mmmm) at 21.85 ppm. The tacticity distribution was quantified through integration of the methyl region in the 13C{1H} spectra, correcting for any signal not related to the primary (1, 2) inserted propene stereo sequences, as described in Busico, V., Cipullo, R., Prog. Polym. Sci. 2001, 26, 443 and in Busico, V., Cipullo, R., Monaco, G., Vacatello, M., Segre, A. L., Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6251.
Characteristic signals corresponding to regio defects were observed (Resconi, L., Cavallo, L., Fait, A., Piemontesi, F., Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253). The influence of regio defects on the quantification of the tacticity distribution was corrected for by subtraction of representative regio defect integrals from specific integrals of the stereo sequences.
The isotacticity was determined at the triad level and reported as the percentage of isotactic triad mm with respect to all triad sequences:
% mm=(mm/(mm+mr+rr))*100
Characteristic signals corresponding to the incorporation of 1-hexene were observed, and the 1-hexene content was calculated as the mole percent of 1-hexene in the polymer, H (mol %), according to:
[H]=Htot/(Ptot+Htot)
where:
Htot=I(αB4)/2+I(ααB4)×2
where I(α B4) is the integral of the α B4 sites at 44.1 ppm, which identifies the isolated 1-hexene incorporated in PPHPP sequences, and I(ααB4) is the integral of the ααB4 sites at 41.6 ppm, which identifies the consecutively incorporated 1-hexene in PPHHPP sequences.
Ptot=Integral of all CH3 areas on the methyl region with correction applied for underestimation of other propene units not accounted for in this region and overestimation due to other sites found in this region.
and H(mol %)=100×[H]
which is then converted into wt % using the correlation
H(wt %)=(100×H mol %×84.16)/(H mol %×84.16+(100−H mol %)×42.08)
A statistical distribution is suggested from the relationship between the content of hexene present in isolated (PPHPP) and consecutive (PPHHPP) incorporated comonomer sequences:
[HH]<[H]2
wherein
Mw/Mn/MWD are measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) according to the following method:
The weight average molecular weight (Mw), the number average molecular weight (Mn), and the molecular weight distribution (MWD=Mw/Mn) is measured by a method based on ISO 16014-1:2003 and ISO 16014-4:2003. A Waters Alliance GPCV 2000 instrument, equipped with refractive index detector and online viscosimeter is used with 3×TSK-gel columns (GMHXL-HT) from TosoHaas and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, stabilized with 200 mg/L 2,6-Di tert butyl-4-methyl-phenol) as solvent at 145° C. and at a constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. 216.5 μL of sample solution are injected per analysis. The column set is calibrated using relative calibration with 19 narrow MWD polystyrene (PS) standards in the range of 0.5 kg/mol to 11 500 kg/mol and a set of well characterized broad polypropylene standards. All samples are prepared by dissolving 5 to 10 mg of polymer in 10 mL (at 160° C.) of stabilized TCB (same as mobile phase) and keeping for 3 hours with continuous shaking prior sampling in into the GPC instrument.
The melt flow rates are measured with a load of 2.16 kg (MFR2) at 230° C. The melt flow rate is that quantity of polymer in grams which the test apparatus standardised to ISO 1133 extrudes within 10 minutes at a temperature of 230° C. under a load of 2.16 kg.
wherein
Content of xylene cold solubles (XCS) is determined at 25° C. according ISO 16152; first edition; 2005 Jul. 1.
1 g of a polymer film of 100 μm thickness is added to 400 ml hexane at 50° C. for 2 hours while stirring with a reflux cooler.
After 2 hours the mixture is immediately filtered on a filter paper No 41.
The precipitate is collected in an aluminium recipient and the residual hexane is evaporated on a steam bath under N2 flow.
The amount of hexane solubles is determined by the formula
((wt. sample+wt. crucible)−(wt crucible))/(wt. sample)·100.
Melting temperature Tm, crystallization temperature Tc is measured with Mettler TA820 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on 5-10 mg samples. Both crystallization and melting curves were obtained during 10° C./min cooling and heating scans between 30° C. and 225° C. Melting and crystallization temperatures were taken as the peaks of endotherms and exotherms.
Also the melt- and crystallization enthalpy (Hm and Hc) were measured by the DSC method according to ISO 11357-3.
Porosity: BET with N2 gas, ASTM 4641, apparatus Micromeritics Tristar 3000; sample preparation: at a temperature of 50° C., 6 hours in vacuum.
Surface area: BET with N2 gas ASTM D 3663, apparatus Micromeritics Tristar 3000: sample preparation at a temperature of 50° C., 6 hours in vacuum.
Mean particle size is measured with Coulter Counter LS200 at room temperature with n-heptane as medium; particle sizes below 100 nm by transmission electron microscopy.
The method determines the sealing temperature range (sealing range) of polypropylene films. The sealing temperature range is the temperature range, in which the films can be sealed according to conditions given below.
The lower limit (heat sealing initiation temperature (SIT)) is the sealing temperature at which a sealing strength of >1 N is achieved. The upper limit (sealing end temperature (SET)) is reached, when the films stick to the sealing device.
The sealing range is determined on a DTC Hot tack tester Model 52-F/201 with a film of 25 μm thickness with the following further parameters:
Specimen is sealed sealing layer (SL) to sealing layer (SL) at each sealbar temperature and seal strength (force) is determined at each step. All values of the SIT and SET were measured on the multi-layer film, like the three layer film as used in the examples. In cases where the SIT and SET refer to the propylene copolymer composition (P) or the sealing layer (SL) as such the SIT and SET were measured on a monolayer cast film of the propylene copolymer composition (P) and the sealing layer (SL), respectively, having a thickness of 100 μm as described in application No. 10 160 631.7. and application No. 10 160 611.9.
The hot tack force is determined on a DTC Hot tack tester Model 52-F/201 with a film of 25 μm thickness with the following further parameters:
The maximum hot tack force, i.e the maximum of a force/temperature diagram is determined and reported.
Hot tack initiation temperature: is determined from the hot tack curve at the point where the force exceeds 1 N
Gloss was determined on the multi-layerd films according to DIN 67530 at an angle of 20° C.
Transparency, haze and clarity were determined on the multi-layerd films according to ASTM D 1003-00.
The propylene copolymer compositions (P) of table 1 have been produced in a Borstar PP pilot plant in a two-step polymerization process starting in a bulk-phase loop reactor followed by polymerization in a gas phase reactor, varying the molecular weight as well as hexene content by appropriate hydrogen and comonomer feeds. The catalyst used in the polymerization process was a metallocene catalyst as described in example 10 of WO 2010/052263 A1.
Three layer films were produced at three layer coex line, the film structure was OL-CL-SL with a core layer of 33 μm (CL) and an outer layer of 8.5 μm (OL) and one sealing layer (SL) of 8.5 μm. For the core layer (CL) and the outer layer (OL) H-PP has been used, whereas for the sealing layer (SL) one of the polymers P1 to P6 have been used. The melt temperature of the polymers was in the range of 247° C. to 252° C. in the extruder die. The throughput for all three layer was in sum 60 kg/h. The take of speed of the film was 27.5 m/min to 31 m/min as a film width of 60 cm. The temperature of the chill roll was in the range of 13° C. to 20° C. The temperature of the water bath was in the range of 15° C. to 20° C.
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| 11171473 | Jun 2011 | EP | regional |
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| 20070215610 | Su et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20180154617 A1 | Jun 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 14128100 | US | |
| Child | 15874443 | US |
