Patent Application
20220330647
Aspects of this document relate generally to helmets including multi-layer designs for improved energy management and methods for making the same. Helmets can be used in any application where providing protection to a user's head is desirable, such as, for example, use in motor sports, cycling, football, hockey, or climbing.
In one aspect, a protective helmet can comprise an outer shell, and a multi-layer liner disposed within the outer shell and sized for receiving a wearer's head. The multi-layer liner can comprise an inner-layer comprising an inner surface oriented towards an inner area of a helmet for a wearer's head, wherein the inner-layer comprises a mid-energy management material with a density in a range of 40-70 g/L. The multi-layer liner can also comprise a middle-layer disposed adjacent an outer surface of the inner-layer, wherein the middle-layer comprises a low-energy management material with a density in a range of 10-20 g/L. The multi-layer liner can also comprise an outer-layer disposed adjacent an outer surface of the middle-layer, the outer-layer comprising an outer surface oriented towards the outer shell, wherein the outer-layer comprises a high-energy management material with a density in a range of 20-50 g/L.
For particular implementations, the middle-layer can comprise a thickness in a range of 5-7 millimeters (mm) and be coupled to the inner-layer and the outer-layer without adhesive to facilitate relative movement among the inner-layer, the middle-layer, and the outer-layer. A total thickness of the multi-layer liner can be less than or equal to 48 mm. The protective helmet can comprise a powersports helmet, and the outer shell can comprise a rigid layer of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). The protective helmet can comprise a cycling helmet, and the outer shell can comprise a stamped, thermoformed, or injection molded polycarbonate shell. At least a portion of the multi-layer liner can be a flexible liner segmented to provide spaces or gaps between portions of the multi-layer liner. The multi-layer liner can further comprise a top portion configured to be aligned over a top of the wearer's head, and the top portion of the multi-layer liner can be formed without the middle-layer disposed between the inner-layer and the outer-layer.
In one aspect, a protective helmet can comprise a multi-layer liner comprising a thickness less than or equal to 48 mm. The multi-layer liner can comprise an inner-layer comprising an inner surface oriented towards an inner area of a helmet for a wearer's head, wherein the inner-layer comprises a mid-energy management material. The multi-layer liner can comprise a middle-layer disposed adjacent an outer surface of the inner-layer, wherein the middle-layer comprises a low-energy management material comprising a thickness in a range of 5-7 mm. The multi-layer liner can comprise an outer-layer disposed adjacent an outer surface of the middle-layer, wherein the outer-layer comprises a high-energy management material.
For particular implementations, the low-energy management material comprises a density in a range of 10-20 g/L, and the high-energy management material can comprise a density in a range of 20-50 g/L. The multi-layer liner can provide boundary conditions at interfaces between layers of the multi-layer liner to deflect energy and manage energy dissipation for low-energy, mid-energy, and high-energy impacts. A topography of the inner liner layer can be custom fitted to match a topography of the wearer's head so that a gap between the wearer's head and the multi-layer liner of the helmet is reduced or eliminated. The mid-energy management material can comprise EPS or expanded polyolefin (EPO) with a density of 20-40 g/L, or expanded polypropylene (EPP) with a density of 30-50 g/L. The middle-layer can be mechanically coupled to the inner-layer and the outer-layer to allow for relative movement among the middle-layer, inner-layer, and outer-layer. At least a portion of the multi-layer liner can comprise a segmented flexible liner comprising spaces or gaps between portions of the multi-layer liner.
In one aspect, a protective helmet can comprise a multi-layer liner comprising a high-energy management material comprising a density in a range of 20-50 g/L, a mid-energy management material comprising a density in a range of 40-70 g/L, and a low-energy management material comprising a density in a range of 10-20 g/L.
For particular implementations, the high-energy management material can comprise EPS that is formed as an outer layer of the multi-layer liner. The mid-energy management material can comprise EPP that is formed as a middle-layer of the multi-layer liner. The low-energy management material can comprise EPO that is formed as a inner-layer of the multi-layer liner. A mid-energy management material can be selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyurethane, D3O, poron, an air bladder, and h3lium. At least one padding snap can be coupled to the multi-layer liner to facilitate relative movement between the high-energy management material, the low-energy management material, and the a mid-energy management material. The protective helmet can comprise a powersports helmet further comprising a rigid outer shell. The protective helmet comprises a cycling helmet further comprising an outer shell formed of a stamped, thermoformed, or injection molded polycarbonate shell.
The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent to those artisans of ordinary skill in the art from the DESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS.
The invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:
This disclosure, its aspects and implementations, are not limited to the specific helmet or material types, or other system component examples, or methods disclosed herein. Many additional components, manufacturing and assembly procedures known in the art consistent with helmet manufacture are contemplated for use with particular implementations from this disclosure. Accordingly, for example, although particular implementations are disclosed, such implementations and implementing components may comprise any components, models, types, materials, versions, quantities, and/or the like as is known in the art for such systems and implementing components, consistent with the intended operation.
The word “exemplary,” “example,” or various forms thereof, are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” or as an “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Furthermore, examples are provided solely for purposes of clarity and understanding and are not meant to limit or restrict the disclosed subject matter or relevant portions of this disclosure in any manner. It is to be appreciated that a myriad of additional or alternate examples of varying scope could have been presented, but have been omitted for purposes of brevity.
While this disclosure includes of embodiments in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail particular embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the disclosed methods and systems, and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the disclosed concepts to the embodiments illustrated.
This disclosure provides a system and method for custom forming protective helmet for a wearer's head, such as a helmet for a cyclist, football player, hockey player, baseball player, lacrosse player, polo player, climber, auto racer, motorcycle rider, motocross racer, skier, snowboarder or other snow or water athlete, sky diver or any other athlete in a sport or other person who is in need of protective head gear. Each of these sports uses a helmet that includes either single or multi-impact rated protective material base that is typically, though not always, covered on the outside by a decorative cover and includes comfort material on at least portions of the inside, usually in the form of padding. Other industries also use protective headwear, such as a construction, soldier, fire fighter, pilot, or other worker in need of a safety helmet, where similar technologies and methods may also be applied.
Outer shell 54 can comprise a flexible, semi-flexible, or rigid material, and can comprise plastics, including ABS, polycarbonate, Kevlar, fiber materials including fiberglass or carbon fiber, or other suitable material. The outer shell 54 can be formed by stamping, thermoforming, injection molding, or other suitable process. While the outer shell 54 is, for convenience, referred to throughout this disclosure as an outer shell, “outer” is used to describe a relative position of the shell with respect to the multi-layer liner 56 and a user's head when the helmet 50 is worn by the user. Additional layers, liners, covers, or shells can be additionally formed outside of the outer shell 54 because the outer shell 54 can be, but does not need to be, the outermost layer of the helmet 50. Furthermore, in some embodiments outer shell 54 can be optional, and as such can be omitted from the helmet 50, such as for some cycling helmets.
Multi-layer liner 56 can comprise two or more layers, including three layers, four layers, or any number of layers. As a non-limiting example,
The layers within the multi-layer liner 56 of the helmet 50 can each comprise different material properties to respond to different types of impacts and different types of energy management. Different helmet properties, such as density, hardness, and flexibility, can be adjusted to accommodate different types of impacts and different types of energy management. A helmet can experience different types of impacts that vary in intensity, magnitude, and duration. In some cases, a helmet can be involved in low-energy impact, while in other instances, a helmet can be involved in a high-energy impact. Impacts can include any number of other medium-energy impacts that fall within a spectrum between the low-energy impacts and the high-energy impacts.
Conventional helmets with single layer liners, such as the helmet 10 from
In the following paragraphs, a non-limiting example of the multi-layer liner 56 is described with respect to the outer-layer 58, the middle-layer 60, and the inner-layer 62, as shown, for example, in
According to one possible arrangement, the outer-layer 58 can be formed as a high-energy management material and can comprise a material that is harder, more dense, or both, than the other layers within the multi-layer liner 56. A material of the outer-layer 58 can comprise EPS, EPP, Vinyl Nitrile (VN), or other suitable material. In an embodiment, the outer-layer 58 can comprise a material with a density in a range of about 30-90 grams/liter (g/L), or about 40-70 grams/liter (g/L), or about 50-60 g/L. Alternatively, the outer-layer 58 can comprise a material with a density in a range of about 20-50 g/L. By forming the outer-layer 58 with a material that is denser than the other layers, including middle-layer 60 and inner-layer 62, the denser outer-layer 58 can manages high-energy impacts while being at a distance farther from the user's head. As such, less dense or lower-energy materials will be disposed closer to the user's head and will be more yielding, compliant, and forgiving with respect to the user's head during impacts. In an embodiment, the outer-layer 58 can comprise a thickness in a range of about 5-25 mm, or about 10-20 mm, or about 15 mm, or about 10-15 mm.
The middle-layer 60 can be disposed or sandwiched between the outer-layer 58 and the inner-layer 62. The middle-layer 60, when formed as a low-energy management layer, can be formed of EPO, polyester, polyurethane, D3O, Poron, an air bladder, h3lium, a comfort liner material, or other suitable material. The middle-layer 60 can comprise a density in a range of about 5-30 g/L, about 10-20 g/L, or about 15 g/L. The middle-layer 60 can have a thickness less than a thickness of both the inner-layer 62 and outer-layer 58 (both separately and collectively). In an embodiment, the middle-layer 60 can comprise a thickness in a range of about 3-9 mm, or about 5-7 mm, or about 6 mm, or about 4 mm.
The inner-layer 62 can be formed as a medium-energy or mid-energy management material and can comprise a material that is softer, less dense, or both, than the material of other layers, including the outer-layer 58. For example, the inner-layer 62 can be made of an energy absorbing material such as EPS, EPP, VN, or other suitable material. In an embodiment, the inner-layer 62 can be made of EPS with a density in a range of about 20-40 g/L, about 25-35 g/L, or about 30 g/L. Alternatively, the inner-layer 62 can be made of EPP with a density of about 30-50 g/L, or about 35-45 g/L, or about 20-40 g/L, or about 40 g/L. Alternatively, the inner-layer 62 can comprise a material with a density in a range of about 20-50 g/L. Forming the inner-layer 62 comprising a density within the ranges indicated above has, as part of multi-layer liner 56, provides better performance during mid-energy impact testing than conventional helmets and helmets without a inner-layer 62 or a mid-energy liner. By forming the inner-layer 62 as being less dense than the outer-layer 58 and more dense than the middle-layer 60, the inner-layer 62 as part of the multi-layer liner 56 can advantageously manage low-energy impacts. In an embodiment, the inner-layer 62 can comprise a thickness in a range of about 5-25 mm, 10-20 mm, or about 10-15 mm.
An overall or total thickness for the multi-layer liner 56 can comprise a thickness less than or equal to 50 mm, 48 mm, 45 mm, or 40 mm. In some embodiments, an overall thickness of the multi-layer liner 56 can be determined by dividing an available amount of space between the outer shell 54 and the desired position of an inner surface of helmet 50. The division of the overall thickness of multi-layer liner 56 can be accounted for by first allocating a thickness of the middle layer 60 to have a thickness in a range indicated above, such as about 6 mm or 4 mm. Second, a thickness of the outer-layer 58 and a thickness of the inner-layer 62 can be determined based on a material type, such as EPS or EPP as indicated above, and a desired thickness that will accommodate moldability and bead flow of the selected material for formation of the respective layers. A thickness of the outer-layer 58 and the inner-layer 62 can be a same or different thickness, and can be adjusted based on a specific need of a user or a sport specific application and probable impact types that correspond to, or involve, specific energy-levels or ranges.
A desired performance of multi-layer helmet 50 can be obtained by performance of individual layers specifically adapted for specific types of energy management, such as low-energy, mid-energy, and high-energy, as well as a cumulative of synergistic effect resulting from an interaction or interrelatedness of more than one layer. In some instances, the outer-layer 58 can be configured as described above and can account for a majority, or significant portion, of the energy management in high-energy impacts. In other instances, all of the layers of the multi-layer liner 56, such as the outer-liner 58, the middle-layer 60, and the inner-layer 62, all contribute significantly to energy management in high-energy impacts. In some instances, the middle-layer 60, including the middle-layer 60 formed of EPO, can be configured as described above and can account for a majority, or significant portion, of the energy management in low-energy impacts. In some instances, the inner-layer 62, including the inner-layer 62 formed of EPP or EPS, can be configured as described above and can account for a majority, or significant portion, of the energy management in mid-energy impacts. In other instances, the middle-layer 60 and the inner-layer 62 together, including layers of EPO and EPP, respectively, can be configured as described above, to account for a majority, or significant portion, of the energy management in mid-energy impacts. Or stated differently, a combination of layers comprising EPO and EPP, or other similar materials, can account for a majority, or significant portion, of the energy management in mid-energy impacts.
In an embodiment, the outer-layer 58 of the multi-layer liner 56 can comprise a high-energy management material comprising EPS with a density in a range of 20-50 g/L. The middle-layer 60 of the multi-layer liner 56 can comprise a mid-energy management material comprising EPP with a density in a range of 40-70 g/L. The inner-layer 62 of the multi-layer liner 56 can comprise a low-energy management material comprising EPO with a density in a range of 10-20 g/L.
At the left of
The first movement limiter 55 and second movement limiter 57 can be formed as first and second molded contours, or integral pieces, of outer-layer 58 and inner layer-62, respectively. As a non-limiting example, the first movement limiter 55 can be formed as a recess, void, detent, channel, or groove as shown in
The first movement limiter 55 and second movement limiter 57 can be reverse images of one another, and can be mateably arranged so as to be interlocking one with the other. As shown in
Different configurations and arrangements for coupling layers of multi-layer liner 56 to each other are contemplated. A way in which layers of multi-layer liner 56 are coupled together can control a relationship between impact forces and relative movement of layers within the multi-layer liner 56. Various layers of multi-layer liner 56, such as outer-layer 58, middle-layer 60, and inner-layer 62, can be coupled or directly attached to one another chemically, mechanically, or both. In some embodiments, coupling occurs only mechanically and without adhesive. The coupling of the various layers of the multi-layer liner 76 can comprise use of adhesives such as glue, or other suitable material, or with mechanical means such tabs, flanges, hook and loop fasteners, or other suitable fastening device. An amount, direction, or speed of relative movement among layers of the multi-layer liner 56 can be affected by how the layers are coupled. Advantageously, relative movement can occur in a direction, to a desired degree, or both, based on the configuration of the multi-layer liner 56.
Multi-layer liner 76 can be similar or identical to multi-layer liner 56, and as such can comprise two or more layers, including three layers, four layers, or any number of layers. As a non-limiting example,
As shown in
By providing the middle-layer 80, such as a thinner middle-layer 80, between one or more layers of the multi-layer liner 76, including between outer-layer 78 and inner-layer 82, the middle-layer 80 can provide or facilitate a desirable amount of relative movement between the outer-layer 78 and the inner-layer 82 during a crash or impact while the helmet 70 is absorbing or attenuating energy of the impact. The relative movement of various layers within the multi-layer liner 76 with respect to the outer shell 74 of the helmet 70 or with respect to the user's head 72 can provide additional and beneficial energy management. An amount of relative movement, whether it be rotational, liner, or translational such as movement made laterally, horizontally, or vertically, can be varied based on how the liner layers are coupled to each other. Relative movement can occur for one or more types of energy management, including low-energy management, mid-energy management, and high-energy management.
As discussed above with respect to helmet 50 from
In addition to, and in conjunction with, using movement limiters to provide desired amount of relative movement among multiple layer of a multi-layer liner, different configurations and arrangements for coupling the liner layers to each other can also be used. Various layers of multi-layer liner 76 can be coupled, including directly attached, to each other chemically, mechanically, or both. The coupling of the various layers of the multi-layer liner 76 can comprise use of adhesives such as glue, or other suitable material, or with mechanical means such tabs, flanges, hook and loop fasteners, or other suitable fastening device. An amount, direction, or speed of relative movement among layers of the multi-layer liner 76 can be affected by how the layers are coupled. Advantageously, relative movement can occur in a direction, to a desired degree, or both, based on the configuration of the multi-layer liner 76, such as the middle-layer 80. The middle-layer 80, or another layer of the multi-layer liner 76, can also include slip planes within the multi-layer liner 76 for controlling or directing the relative movement.
In some embodiments, layers of multi-layer helmet 70 can be coupled to each other without adhesive, such as with the inner-layer 82 not being bonded with adhesive or glued to the outer-layer 78 and the middle-layer 80. One such embodiment, by way of illustration and not by limitation, is the use of one or more padding snaps 87. The padding snaps 87 can be made of rubber, plastic, textile, elastic, or other springy or elastic material. The padding snaps 87 can couple one or more layers of the multi-layer helmet 70 to each other, to the protective shell 74, or both, by at least one of the padding snaps 87 extending through an opening, hole, or cut-out in the one or more layers of the multi-layer helmet 70. In some embodiments, one or more layers of the multi-layer helmet 70 can be coupled to a desired location without the padding snaps 87 passing through an opening in that layer. The attachment device can be held at its ends the protective shell and comfort layer by or chemical attachment, such as by an adhesive, or by mechanical attachment. Mechanical attachment can include interlocking, friction, or other suitable method or device. Movement of the one or more layers of the multi-layer helmet 70 can result from a distance or length of the padding snaps 87 in-between the ends of the padding snaps 87 that allows movement, such as elastic movement.
In some instances, the padding snaps 87 can include a “T” shape, an “I” shape, a “Z” shape, or any other suitable shape that comprises a widened portion at a top, bottom, or both of the padding snap 87 further comprises a narrower central portion. The top widened portion can include a head, tab, or flange, or barbs, an underside of which contacts layers of the multi-layer helmet 70 around the opening in the layer through which the padding snap 87 can pass. Similarly, the bottom widened portion can include a head, tab, flange or barbs that contact an inner portion of the opening in the protective shell for receiving the attachment device. In any event, the padding snap 87 can couple one or more layers of the multi-layer helmet 70 in such a way as to allow a range of motion or relative movement among layers or portion of the helmet 70. The range of motion can be adjusted to a desirable layer amount or distance by adjusting a size, elasticity, or other feature of the padding snap 87. The range of motion can also be adjusted by adjusting a number and position of the padding snaps 87. In an embodiment, each panel, flex panel, or portion of a liner layer separated or segmented by one or more slots can receive, and be coupled to, a padding snap 87. In other embodiments, a fixed number of padding snaps 87 for the helmet 70, or number of padding snaps 87 per given surface area of the helmet 70 will be used, such as a total of 3, 4, 5, 6, or any suitable number of padding snaps. As such, the padding snaps 87 can allow for a desired amount of sheer force, flexibility, and relative movement among the outer-layer 78, the middle-layer 80, and the inner-layer 82 for better energy management.
As shown in
As indicated above with respect to multi-layer liner 56, and as is true with multi-layer liner 76, multiple liner layers can provide boundary conditions at the interfaces of the multiple liner layers that serve to deflect energy and beneficially manage energy dissipation at various conditions, including low-energy impacts, mid-energy impacts, and high-energy impacts. In some embodiments, multi-layer liner 76 can be formed with one or more slots, gaps, channels, or grooves 86 that can provide or form boundary conditions at the interface between multi-layer liner 76 and the air or other material that fills or occupies the slots 86. The boundary conditions created by slots 86 can serve to deflect energy and change energy propagation through the helmet to beneficially manage energy dissipation for a variety of impact conditions.
As shown in
By including slots 90 to create the segmented liner layer 88, the liner layer 88 can, with or without a flexible outer shell, permit flexing, increase energy attenuation, and increase energy dissipation that might not otherwise be present or available. Advantageously, the liner layer 88 comprising slots 90 can provide or from boundary conditions at the interface between the liner layer 88 and the air or other material that fills or occupies the slots 90. The boundary conditions created by slots 90 can serve to deflect energy and change energy propagation through the helmet to beneficially manage energy dissipation at various conditions, including low-energy impacts, mid-energy impacts, and high-energy impacts. Furthermore, the liner layer 88 comprising slots 90 can also provide for adjustment of flex of liner layer 88, including bottom edge 100, to adjust and adapt to a shape of a user's head. Adjustment or flex of liner layer 88 and bottom edge 100 allows for adaptation of a standard sized liner layer 88 to better adapt to, match, and fit, idiosyncrasies of an individual user's head 72 that are not accommodated with conventional helmets 10, as described above in relation to
In light of the foregoing,
With respect to the first difference of helmet 110 not comprising a gap between an inner surface of inner-layer 122 and user head 112, the gap can be avoided, or not created, by forming the topography of the inner surface of inner-layer 122 as a custom formed topography specially fitted to match a topography of user head 112. Accordingly, the custom-fitted multi-layer helmet of
With respect to the second difference of inner-layer 122 in helmet 110 including portions directly attached to both middle-layer 120 and outer-layer 118, coupling or attachment of layers within multi-layer liner 116 can occur similarly to the coupling of layers within multi-layer liner 76. For example, layers within multi-layer liner 116 can be coupled or directly connected chemically, mechanically, or both, using adhesives such as glue, or other suitable material, or with mechanical means such tabs, flanges, hook and loop fasteners, or other suitable fastening devices. As illustrated in
Different configurations and arrangements for coupling the liner layers to each other are contemplated for controlling a relationship between impact forces and relative movement of the multiple liner layers, which can vary by application. Various layers of multi-layer liner 116 can be coupled, including directly attached, to each other chemically, mechanically, or both. The coupling of the various layers of the multi-layer liner 116 can comprise use of adhesives such as glue, or other suitable material, or with mechanical means such tabs, flanges, hook and loop fasteners, or other suitable fastening device. An amount, direction, or speed of relative movement among layers of the multi-layer liner 116 can be affected by how the layers are coupled. Advantageously, relative movement can occur in a direction, to a desired degree, or both, based on the configuration of the multi-layer liner 116, such as the middle-layer 120. The middle-layer 120, or another layer of the multi-layer liner 116, can also include slip planes within the multi-layer liner 116 for controlling or directing the relative movement.
In some embodiments, various layers of multi-layer liner 116 can be coupled to each other without the use of adhesives. As described above with respect to
Any combination of the above features can be relied upon to provide the desired helmet performance metrics including low-energy, mid-energy, and high-energy absorption. Features to be adjusted include material properties such as flex, deformation, relative movement (rotational, translational, or both), and various operating conditions such as temperature or any other condition. As appreciated by a person of ordinary skill in the art, any number of various configurations can be created and beneficially applied to different applications according to desired functionality and the needs of various applications. The various configurations can include one or more of the following features as discussed above: (i) proportion adapting fit, (ii) customized fit, (iii) rotational protection, (iv) translation management (v) low-energy management, (vi) mid-energy management, (vii) high-energy management, (viii) energy deflection through changes in boundary conditions, and (ix) increased performance through pairing high and low density materials. In some embodiments, energy absorption through flexing can be achieved by an emphasis or priority on a softer inner-layer in which some low-energy benefit may be realized together with some rotational advantage. In other embodiments, an emphasis or priority on low-energy management can be achieved with more rotational advantage. Variously, specific advantages can be created based on customer or user end use.
Where the above examples, embodiments, and implementations reference examples, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that other helmet and manufacturing devices and examples could be intermixed or substituted with those provided. In places where the description above refers to particular embodiments of helmets and customization methods, it should be readily apparent that a number of modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof and that these embodiments and implementations may be applied to other helmet customization technologies as well. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the disclosure and the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/525,263, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 10,362,829, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/913,222, all of which are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference and made a part hereof.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61913222 | Dec 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16525263 | Jul 2019 | US |
| Child | 17711196 | US | |
| Parent | 14563003 | Dec 2014 | US |
| Child | 16525263 | US |
