Patent Application
20230128479
The present specification relates to a method of sharing enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) information for a multi-link operation in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
Wireless network technologies may include various types of wireless local area networks (WLANs). The WLAN employs widely used networking protocols and can be used to interconnect nearby devices together. The various technical features described herein may be applied to any communication standard, such as WiFi or, more generally, any one of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless protocols. A wireless local area network (WLAN) has been enhanced in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard has proposed an enhanced communication environment by using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU MIMO) schemes.
The present specification proposes a technical feature that can be utilized in a new communication standard. For example, the new communication standard may be an extreme high throughput (EHT) standard which is currently being discussed. The EHT standard may use an increased bandwidth, an enhanced PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, an enhanced sequence, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme, or the like, which is newly proposed. The EHT standard may be called the IEEE 802.11be standard.
A method performed by a transmitting device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system according to various embodiments may include technical features related to a method for transmitting and receiving data with respect to a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) station (STA) multi-link device (MLD). An access point (AP) MLD of the WLAN system may receive a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) from the non-STR STA MLD through a first link. The PPDU may include information related to a backoff counter (BC) of the non-STR STA MLD and information related to channel utilization. The AP MLD may calculate an estimated time for uplink transmission of the non-STR STA MLD in the first link, based on the information related to the BC and the information related to the channel utilization. The AP MLD may determine a destination of downlink transmission in a second link, based on the estimated time.
According to an example of the present specification, an AP MLD may obtain information related to BC and information related to channel utilization from a non-STR STA MLD. Based on this, the AP MLD may predict when the non-STR STA MLD will perform uplink transmission. Since the non-STR STA MLD is not able to simultaneously perform uplink transmission and downlink reception, the AP MLD may determine whether to perform downlink transmission to the non-STR STA MLD, based on a time at which the non-STR STA MLD performs uplink transmission. For example, the AP MLD may attempt downlink transmission to another STA MLD in a BSS when a time at which the non-STR STA MLD starts uplink transmission is close. Accordingly, the AP MLD is able to perform transmission to another STA MLD at a UL timing of a STA MLD, thereby increasing transmission efficiency and decreasing a collision possibility.
In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. In other words, in the present specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the present specification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, C”.
A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C”.
In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.
In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.
In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information (EHT-signal)”, it may denote that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. In other words, the “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-signal”, and “EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., EHT-signal)”, it may also mean that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”.
Technical features described individually in one figure in the present specification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented.
The following example of the present specification may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, the present specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In addition, the present specification may also be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may also be applied to a new WLAN standard enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it may be applied to a mobile communication system based on long term evolution (LTE) depending on a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard and based on evolution of the LTE. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of a 5G NR standard based on the 3GPP standard.
Hereinafter, in order to describe a technical feature of the present specification, a technical feature applicable to the present specification will be described.
In the example of
For example, the STAs 110 and 120 may serve as an AP or a non-AP. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may serve as the AP and/or the non-AP.
The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may support various communication standards together in addition to the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, a communication standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard) or the like based on the 3GPP standard may be supported. In addition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, or the like. In addition, the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and self-driving (autonomous-driving), or the like.
The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may include a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a radio medium.
The STAs 110 and 120 will be described below with reference to a sub-figure (a) of
The first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated process, memory, and transceiver may be implemented individually as separate chips, or at least two blocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip.
The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) may be transmitted/received.
For example, the first STA 110 may perform an operation intended by an AP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process a reception (RX) signal, generate a transmission (TX) signal, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver 113, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
For example, the second STA 120 may perform an operation intended by a non-AP STA. For example, a transceiver 123 of a non-AP performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be packet, etc.) may be transmitted/received.
For example, a processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123, process an RX signal, generate a TX signal, and provide control for signal transmission. A memory 122 of the non-AP STA may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver 123, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
For example, an operation of a device indicated as an AP in the specification described below may be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. In addition, if the second STA 120 is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.
For example, in the specification described below, an operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or user-STA) may be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the second STA 120 is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.
In the specification described below, a device called a (transmitting/receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2, an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a (transmitting/receiving) terminal, a (transmitting/receiving) device, a (transmitting/receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like may imply the STAs 110 and 120 of
The aforementioned device/STA of the sub-figure (a) of
For example, the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of
A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, a user, a user STA, a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, a receiving unit, a transmitting unit, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving apparatus, and/or a transmitting apparatus, which are described below, may imply the STAs 110 and 120 illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of
For example, a technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as a technical feature in which the control signal is received by means of the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of
Referring to the sub-figure (b) of
The processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of
In the present specification, an uplink may imply a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an SP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in the present specification, a downlink may imply a link for communication from the AP STA to the non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the downlink.
An upper part of
Referring the upper part of
The BSS may include at least one STA, APs providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting multiple APs.
The distribution system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240 extended by connecting the multiple BSSs 200 and 205. The ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network configured by connecting one or more APs 225 or 230 through the distribution system 210. The AP included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).
A portal 220 may serve as a bridge which connects the wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X).
In the BSS illustrated in the upper part of
A lower part of
Referring to the lower part of
In S310, a STA may perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, to access a network, the STA needs to discover a participating network. The STA needs to identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network, and a process of identifying a network present in a particular area is referred to as scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
Although not shown in
After discovering the network, the STA may perform an authentication process in S320. The authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to be clearly distinguished from the following security setup operation in S340. The authentication process in S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA in response. The authentication frames used for an authentication request/response are management frames.
The authentication frames may include information related to an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network (RSN), and a finite cyclic group.
The STA may transmit the authentication request frame to the AP. The AP may determine whether to allow the authentication of the STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP may provide the authentication processing result to the STA via the authentication response frame.
When the STA is successfully authenticated, the STA may perform an association process in S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. The association request frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), a supported rate, a supported channel, RSN, a mobility domain, a supported operating class, a traffic indication map (TIM) broadcast request, and an interworking service capability. The association response frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a status code, an association ID (AID), a supported rate, an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, a received channel power indicator (RCPI), a received signal-to-noise indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scanning parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.
In S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process in S340 may include a process of setting up a private key through four-way handshaking, for example, through an extensible authentication protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.
As illustrated, various types of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) are used in IEEE a/g/n/ac standards. Specifically, an LTF and a STF include a training signal, a SIG-A and a SIG-B include control information for a receiving STA, and a data field includes user data corresponding to a PSDU (MAC PDU/aggregated MAC PDU).
As illustrated in
Hereinafter, a resource unit (RU) used for a PPDU is described. An RU may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used to transmit a signal to a plurality of STAs according to OFDMA. Further, an RU may also be defined to transmit a signal to one STA. An RU may be used for an STF, an LTF, a data field, or the like.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in the uppermost part of
The layout of the RUs in
Although
Similarly to
As illustrated in
Similarly to
As illustrated in
The RU described in the present specification may be used in uplink (UL) communication and downlink (DL) communication. For example, when UL-MU communication which is solicited by a trigger frame is performed, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may allocate a first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA through the trigger frame, and may allocate a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. Thereafter, the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA may transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first/second trigger-based PPDU is transmitted to the AP at the same (or overlapped) time period.
For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may allocate the first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU. etc.) to the first STA, and may allocate the second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU in one MU PPDU, and may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA through the second RU.
Information related to a layout of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B.
As illustrated, an HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 may include information commonly applied to all users (i.e., user STAs) which receive SIG-B. The user-specific field 830 may be called a user-specific control field. When the SIG-B is transferred to a plurality of users, the user-specific field 830 may be applied only any one of the plurality of users.
As illustrated in
The common field 820 may include RU allocation information of N*8 bits. For example, the RU allocation information may include information related to a location of an RU. For example, when a 20 MHz channel is used as shown in
An example of a case in which the RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows.
As shown the example of
The example of Table 1 shows only some of RU locations capable of displaying the RU allocation information.
For example, the RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below.
“01000y2y1y0” relates to an example in which a 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost side of the 20 MHz channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side thereof. In this case, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, based on a MU-MIMO scheme. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU is determined based on 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, when the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme may be N+1.
In general, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) different from each other may be allocated to a plurality of RUs. However, the plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) may be allocated to one or more RUs having at least a specific size (e.g., 106 subcarriers), based on the MU-MIMO scheme.
As shown in
For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000y2y1y0”, a plurality of STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU arranged at the leftmost side through the MU-MIMO scheme, and five user STAs may be allocated to five 26-RUs arranged to the right side thereof through the non-MU MIMO scheme. This case is specified through an example of
For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000010” as shown in
The eight user fields may be expressed in the order shown in
The user fields shown in
Each user field may have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the user field of the first format (the first of the MU-MIMO scheme) may be configured as follows.
For example, a first bit (i.e., B0-B10) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include identification information (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) of a user STA to which a corresponding user field is allocated. In addition, a second bit (i.e., B11-B14) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bit (i.e., B11-B14) may be as shown in Table 3 and Table 4 below.
As shown in Table 3 and/or Table 4, the second bit (e.g., B11-B14) may include information related to the number of spatial streams allocated to the plurality of user STAs which are allocated based on the MU-MIMO scheme. For example, when three user STAs are allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme as shown in
As shown in the example of Table 3 and/or Table 4, information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) related to the number of spatial streams for the user STA may consist of 4 bits. In addition, the information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) on the number of spatial streams for the user STA may support up to eight spatial streams. In addition, the information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) on the number of spatial streams for the user STA may support up to four spatial streams for one user STA.
In addition, a third bit (i.e., B15-18) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. The MCS information may be applied to a data field in a PPDU including corresponding SIG-B.
An MCS, MCS information, an MCS index, an MCS field, or the like used in the present specification may be indicated by an index value. For example, the MCS information may be indicated by an index 0 to an index 11. The MCS information may include information related to a constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and information related to a coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6e, etc.). Information related to a channel coding type (e.g., LCC or LDPC) may be excluded in the MCS information.
In addition, a fourth bit (i.e., B19) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may be a reserved field.
In addition, a fifth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) may include information related to a type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) of channel coding applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
The aforementioned example relates to the user field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme). An example of the user field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO scheme) is as follows.
A first bit (e.g., B0-B10) in the user field of the second format may include identification information of a user STA. In addition, a second bit (e.g., B11-B13) in the user field of the second format may include information related to the number of spatial streams applied to a corresponding RU. In addition, a third bit (e.g., B14) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied. A fourth bit (e.g., B15-B18) in the user field of the second format may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. In addition, a fifth bit (e.g., B19) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied. In addition, a sixth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field of the second format may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC).
TB PPDUs 1041 and 1042 may be transmitted at the same time period, and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) having AIDs indicated in the trigger frame 1030. An ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms.
A specific feature of the trigger frame is described with reference to
Each field shown in
A frame control field 1110 of
In addition, an RA field 1130 may include address information of a receiving STA of a corresponding trigger frame, and may be optionally omitted. A TA field 1140 may include address information of a STA (e.g., an AP) which transmits the corresponding trigger frame. A common information field 1150 includes common control information applied to the receiving STA which receives the corresponding trigger frame. For example, a field indicating a length of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame or information for controlling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame may be included. In addition, as common control information, information related to a length of a CP of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame or information related to a length of an LTF field may be included.
In addition, per user information fields 1160 #1 to 1160 #N corresponding to the number of receiving STAs which receive the trigger frame of
In addition, the trigger frame of
Each of the per user information fields 1160 #1 to 1160 #N shown in
A length field 1210 illustrated has the same value as a length field of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame, and a length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU indicates a length of the uplink PPDU. As a result, the length field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.
In addition, a cascade identifier field 1220 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed. The cascade operation implies that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, it implies that downlink MU transmission is performed and thereafter uplink MU transmission is performed after a preset time (e.g., SIFS). During the cascade operation, only one transmitting device (e.g., AP) may perform downlink communication, and a plurality of transmitting devices (e.g., non-APs) may perform uplink communication.
A CS request field 1230 indicates whether a wireless medium state or a NAV or the like is necessarily considered in a situation where a receiving device which has received a corresponding trigger frame transmits a corresponding uplink PPDU.
An HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information for controlling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU in response to the corresponding trigger frame.
A CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information related to a CP length and LTF length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame. A trigger type field 1260 may indicate a purpose of using the corresponding trigger frame, for example, typical triggering, triggering for beamforming, a request for block ACK/NACK, or the like.
It may be assumed that the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame in the present specification indicates a trigger frame of a basic type for typical triggering. For example, the trigger frame of the basic type may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.
A user identifier field 1310 of
In addition, an RU allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified through the user identifier field 1310 transmits a TB PPDU in response to the trigger frame, the TB PPDU is transmitted through an RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320. In this case, the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 may be an RU shown in
The subfield of
In addition, the subfield of
Hereinafter, a UL OFDMA-based random access (UORA) scheme will be described.
A transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may allocate six RU resources through a trigger frame as shown in
In the example of
Specifically, since the STA1 of
The 2.4 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a first band. In addition, the 2.4 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is close to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels of which a center frequency is located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
A plurality of 20 MHz channels may be included in the 2.4 GHz band. 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz may have a plurality of channel indices (e.g., an index 1 to an index 14). For example, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index 1 is allocated may be 2.412 GHz, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index 2 is allocated may be 2.417 GHz, and a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index N is allocated may be (2.407+0.005*N) GHz. The channel index may be called in various terms such as a channel number or the like. Specific numerical values of the channel index and center frequency may be changed.
The 5 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a second band or the like. The 5 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. A specific numerical value shown in
A plurality of channels within the 5 GHz band include an unlicensed national information infrastructure (UNII)-1, a UNII-2, a UNII-3, and an ISM. The INII-1 may be called UNII Low. The UNII-2 may include a frequency domain called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. The UNII-3 may be called UNII-Upper.
A plurality of channels may be configured within the 5 GHz band, and a bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to, for example, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or the like. For example, 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges within the UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.
The 6 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a third band or the like. The 6 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is greater than or equal to 5.9 GHz are used/supported/defined. A specific numerical value shown in
For example, the 20 MHz channel of
Accordingly, an index (or channel number) of the 2 MHz channel of
Although 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels are illustrated in the example of
Hereinafter, a PPDU transmitted/received in a STA of the present specification will be described.
The PPDU of
The PPDU of
In
A subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of
In the PPDU of
The L-SIG field of
For example, the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a ½ coding rate to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain a BCC coding bit of 48 bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the 48-bit coding bit, thereby generating 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA may map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions except for a pilot subcarrier{subcarrier index −21, −7, +7, +21} and a DC subcarrier{subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols may be mapped to subcarrier indices −26 to −22, −20 to −8, −6 to −1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA may additionally map a signal of {−1, −1, −1, 1} to a subcarrier index{−28, −27, +27, +28}. The aforementioned signal may be used for channel estimation on a frequency domain corresponding to {−28, −27, +27, +28}.
The transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG generated in the same manner as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. The receiving STA may know that the RX PPDU is the HE PPDU or the EHT PPDU, based on the presence of the RL-SIG.
A universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted after the RL-SIG of
The U-SIG may include information of N bits, and may include information for identifying a type of the EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two contiguous OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4 us. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit the 26-bit information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted/received based on 52 data tomes and 4 pilot tones.
Through the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted. A first symbol of the U-SIG may transmit first X-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information, and a second symbol of the U-SIB may transmit the remaining Y-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information. For example, the transmitting STA may obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA may perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1/2 to generate 52-coded bits, and may perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA may perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be allocated to each U-SIG symbol. One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 65 tones (subcarriers) from a subcarrier index −28 to a subcarrier index +28, except for a DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) except for pilot tones, i.e., tones −21, −7, +7, +21.
For example, the A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) generated by the U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a field having a length of 4 bits) and a tail field (e.g., a field having a length of 6 bits). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits except for the CRC/tail fields in the second symbol, and may be generated based on the conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate trellis of a convolutional decoder, and may be set to, for example, “000000”.
The A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the version-independent bits may have a fixed or variable size. For example, the version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits may be allocated to both of the first and second symbols of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits may be called in various terms such as a first control bit, a second control bit, or the like.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a PHY version identifier of 3 bits. For example, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may include information related to a PHY version of a TX/RX PPDU. For example, a first value of the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may indicate that the TX/RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when the transmitting STA transmits the EHT PPDU, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may be set to a first value. In other words, the receiving STA may determine that the RX PPDU is the EHT PPDU, based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a UL/DL flag field of 1 bit. A first value of the UL/DL flag field of 1 bit relates to UL communication, and a second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information related to a TXOP length and information related to a BSS color ID.
For example, when the EHT PPDU is divided into various types (e.g., various types such as an EHT PPDU related to an SU mode, an EHT PPDU related to a MU mode, an EHT PPDU related to a TB mode, an EHT PPDU related to extended range transmission, or the like), information related to the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.
For example, the U-SIG may include: 1) a bandwidth field including information related to a bandwidth; 2) a field including information related to an MCS scheme applied to EHT-SIG; 3) an indication field including information regarding whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) scheme is applied to EHT-SIG; 4) a field including information related to the number of symbol used for EHT-SIG; 5) a field including information regarding whether the EHT-SIG is generated across a full band; 6) a field including information related to a type of EHT-LTF/STF; and 7) information related to a field indicating an EHT-LTF length and a CP length.
Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of
For example, a pattern of the preamble puncturing may be configured in advance.
For example, when a first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only any one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when a fourth puncturing is applied, puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel not belonging to a primary 40 MHz band in the presence of the primary 40 MHz band included in the 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band).
Information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG. For example, a first field of the U-SIG may include information related to a contiguous bandwidth, and second field of the U-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.
For example, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. When a bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be configured individually in unit of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band. In this case, a first field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band. In addition, a first field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the second 80 MHz band. Meanwhile, an EHT-SIG contiguous to the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern), and an EHT-SIG contiguous to the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band.
Additionally or alternatively, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. The U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) for all bands. That is, the EHT-SIG may not include the information related to the preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing (i.e., the information related to the preamble puncturing pattern).
The U-SIG may be configured in unit of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding an 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs.
The EHT-SIG of
The EHT-SIG may include a technical feature of the HE-SIG-B described with reference to
As in the example of
As in the example of
As in the example of
The example of Table 5 to Table 7 is an example of 8-bit (or N-bit) information for various RU allocations. An index shown in each table may be modified, and some entries in Table 5 to Table 7 may be omitted, and entries (not shown) may be added.
The example of Table 5 to Table 7 relates to information related to a location of an RU allocated to a 20 MHz band. For example, ‘an index 0’ of Table 5 may be used in a situation where nine 26-RUs are individually allocated (e.g., in a situation where nine 26-RUs shown in
Meanwhile, a plurality or RUs may be allocated to one STA in the EHT system. For example, regarding ‘an index 60’ of Table 6, one 26-RU may be allocated for one user (i.e., receiving STA) to the leftmost side of the 20 MHz band, one 26-RU and one 52-RU may be allocated to the right side thereof, and five 26-RUs may be individually allocated to the right side thereof.
A mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be supported. The mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be called a compressed mode. When the compressed mode is used, a plurality of users (i.e., a plurality of receiving STAs) may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on non-OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received through the same frequency band. Meanwhile, when a non-compressed mode is used, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may receive the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) through different frequency bands.
The EHT-SIG may be configured based on various MCS schemes. As described above, information related to an MCS scheme applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in U-SIG. The EHT-SIG may be configured based on a DCM scheme. For example, among N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for the EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme may be applied to half of contiguous tones, and a second modulation scheme may be applied to the remaining half of the contiguous tones. That is, a transmitting STA may use the first modulation scheme to modulate specific control information through a first symbol and allocate it to half of the contiguous tones, and may use the second modulation scheme to modulate the same control information by using a second symbol and allocate it to the remaining half of the contiguous tones. As described above, information (e.g., a 1-bit field) regarding whether the DCM scheme is applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.
An HE-STF of
The EHT-STF of
The EHT-STF may be configured based on the following sequence M.
M={−1,−1,−1,1,1,1,−1,1,1,1,−1,1,1,−1,1} <Equation 1>
The EHT-STF for the 20 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence. For example, the first type sequence may be included in not a trigger-based (TB) PPDU but an EHT-PPDU. In the following equation, (a:b:c) may imply a duration defined as b tone intervals (i.e., a subcarrier interval) from a tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) ‘a’ to a tone index ‘c’. For example, the equation 2 below may represent a sequence defined as 16 tone intervals from a tone index −112 to a tone index 112. Since a subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz is applied to the EHT-STR, the 16 tone intervals may imply that an EHT-STF coefficient (or element) is arranged with an interval of 78.125*16=1250 kHz. In addition, * implies multiplication, and sqrt( ) implies a square root. In addition, j implies an imaginary number.
EHT-STF(−112:16:112)={M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(0)=0 <Equation 2>
The EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−240:16:240)={M,0,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 3>
The EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 4>
The EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−1008:16:1008)={M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M,0,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 5>
In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for lower 80 MHz may be identical to Equation 4. In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for upper 80 MHz may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 6>
Equation 7 to Equation 11 below relate to an example of a second type (i.e., 2×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−120:8:120)={M,0,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 7>
The EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−248:8:248)={M,−1,−M,0,M,−1,M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(−248)=0
EHT-STF(248)=0 <Equation 8>
The EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−504:8:504)={M,−1,M,−1,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 9>
The EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−1016:16:1016)={M,−1,M,−1,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M,1,M,1,−M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(−8)=0,EHT-STF(8)=0,
EHT-STF(−1016)=0,EHT-STF(1016)=0 <Equation 10>
In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for lower 80 MHz may be identical to Equation 9. In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for upper 80 MHz may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−504:8:504)={−M,1,−M,1,M,1,−M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2)
EHT-STF(−504)=0,
EHT-STF(504)=0 <Equation 11>
The EHT-LTF may have first, second, and third types (i.e., 1×, 2×, 4×LTF). For example, the first/second/third type LTF may be generated based on an LTF sequence in which a non-zero coefficient is arranged with an interval of 4/2/1 subcarriers. The first/second/third type LTF may have a time length of 3.2/6.4/12.8 μs. In addition, a GI (e.g., 0.8/1/6/3.2 μs) having various lengths may be applied to the first/second/third type LTF.
Information related to a type of STF and/or LTF (information related to a GI applied to LTF is also included) may be included in a SIG-A field and/or SIG-B field or the like of
A PPDU (e.g., EHT-PPDU) of
For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band, i.e., a 20 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of
An EHT PPDU transmitted on a 40 MHz band, i.e., a 40 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of
Since the RU location of
When the pattern of
A tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in such a manner that the pattern of
The PPDU of
A receiving STA may determine a type of an RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the EHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal of the RX PPDU is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is detected as “0”. When the RX PPDU is determined as the EHT PPDU, the receiving STA may detect a type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., an SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type), based on bit information included in a symbol after the RL-SIG of
For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the HE PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG is detected as “1” or “2”.
For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as a non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; and 2) when RL-SIG in which L-SIG is repeated is not detected. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects that the RL-SIG is repeated, when a result of applying “modulo 3” to the length value of the L-SIG is detected as “0”, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU.
In the following example, a signal represented as a (TX/RX/UL/DL) signal, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) frame, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) packet, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) data unit, (TX/RX/UL/DL) data, or the like may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of
Each device/STA of the sub-figure (a)/(b) of
A processor 610 of
A memory 620 of
Referring to
Referring to
Hereinafter, technical features of channel bonding supported by the STA of the present disclosure will be described.
For example, in an IEEE 802.11n system, 40 MHz channel bonding may be performed by combining two 20 MHz channels. In addition, 40/80/160 MHz channel bonding may be performed in the IEEE 802.11ac system.
For example, the STA may perform channel bonding for a primary 20 MHz channel (P20 channel) and a secondary 20 MHz channel (S20 channel). A backoff count/counter may be used in the channel bonding process. The backoff count value may be chosen as a random value and decremented during the backoff interval. In general, when the backoff count value becomes 0, the STA may attempt to access the channel.
During the backoff interval, when the P20 channel is determined to be in the idle state and the backoff count value for the P20 channel becomes 0, the STA, performing channel bonding, determines whether an S20 channel has maintained an idle state for a certain period of time (for example, point coordination function interframe space (PIFS)). If the S20 channel is in an idle state, the STA may perform bonding on the P20 channel and the S20 channel. That is, the STA may transmit a signal (PPDU) through a 40 MHz channel (that is, a 40 MHz bonding channel) including a P20 channel and the S20 channel.
Channel bonding may be performed when a channel contiguous to the primary channel is in an idle state. That is, the Primary 20 MHz channel, the Secondary 20 MHz channel, the Secondary 40 MHz channel, and the Secondary 80 MHz channel can be sequentially bonded. However, if the secondary 20 MHz channel is determined to be in the busy state, channel bonding may not be performed even if all other secondary channels are in the idle state. In addition, when it is determined that the secondary 20 MHz channel is in the idle state and the secondary 40 MHz channel is in the busy state, channel bonding may be performed only on the primary 20 MHz channel and the secondary 20 MHz channel.
Hereinafter, preamble puncturing supported by a STA in the present disclosure will be described.
For example, in the example of
Hereinafter, technical features of a multi-link (ML) supported by a STA of the present disclosure will be described.
The STA (AP and/or non-AP STA) of the present disclosure may support multi-link (ML) communication. ML communication may refer to communication supporting a plurality of links. The link related to ML communication may include channels of the 2.4 GHz band shown in
A plurality of links used for ML communication may be set in various ways. For example, a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication may be a plurality of channels in a 2.4 GHz band, a plurality of channels in a 5 GHz band, and a plurality of channels in a 6 GHz band. Alternatively, a plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication may be a combination of at least one channel in the 2.4 GHz band (or 5 GHz/6 GHz band) and at least one channel in the 5 GHz band (or 2.4 GHz/6 GHz band). Meanwhile, at least one of the plurality of links supported by one STA for ML communication may be a channel to which preamble puncturing is applied.
The STA may perform an ML setup to perform ML communication. The ML setup may be performed based on a management frame or control frame such as a Beacon, a Probe Request/Response, an Association Request/Response, and the like. For example, information about ML setup may be included in an element field included in a Beacon, a Probe Request/Response, an Association Request/Response, and the like.
When ML setup is completed, an enabled link for ML communication may be determined. The STA may perform frame exchange through at least one of a plurality of links determined as an enabled link. For example, the enabled link may be used for at least one of a management frame, a control frame, and a data frame.
When one STA supports multiple links, a transceiver supporting each link may operate as one logical STA. For example, one STA supporting two links may be expressed as one Multi Link Device (MLD) including a first STA for the first link and a second STA for the second link. For example, one AP supporting two links may be expressed as one AP MLD including a first AP for a first link and a second AP for a second link. In addition, one non-AP supporting two links may be expressed as one non-AP MLD including a first STA for the first link and a second STA for the second link.
Hereinafter, more specific features related to the ML setup are described.
The MLD (AP MLD and/or non-AP MLD) may transmit, through ML setup, information on a link that the corresponding MLD can support. Link information may be configured in various ways. For example, information on the link may include at least one of 1) information on whether the MLD (or STA) supports simultaneous RX/TX operation, 2) information on the number/upper limit of uplink/downlink links supported by the MLD (or STA), 3) information on the location/band/resource of the uplink/downlink Link supported by the MLD (or STA), 4) information on the frame type (management, control, data, etc.) available or preferred in at least one uplink/downlink link, 5) information on ACK policy available or preferred in at least one uplink/downlink link, and 6) information on an available or preferred traffic identifier (TID) in at least one uplink/downlink Link. The TID is related to the priority of traffic data and is expressed as eight types of values according to the conventional wireless LAN standard. That is, eight TID values corresponding to four access categories (ACs) (AC_Background (AC_BK), AC_Best Effort (AC_BE), AC Video (AC_VI), AC_Voice (AC_VO)) according to the conventional WLAN standard may be defined.
For example, it may be preset that all TIDs are mapped for uplink/downlink link. Specifically, if negotiation is not made through ML setup, if all TIDs are used for ML communication, and if the mapping between uplink/downlink link and TID is negotiated through additional ML settings, the negotiated TID may be used for ML communication.
Through ML setup, a plurality of links usable by the transmitting MLD and the receiving MLD related to ML communication may be set, and this may be referred to as an “enabled link”. The “enabled link” may be called differently in various expressions. For example, it may be referred to as various expressions such as a first link, a second link, a transmission link, and a reception link.
After the ML setup is completed, the MLD could update the ML setup. For example, the MLD may transmit information on a new link when it is necessary to update information on the link. Information on the new link may be transmitted based on at least one of a management frame, a control frame, and a data frame.
In extreme high throughput (EHT), a standard being discussed after IEEE802.11ax, the introduction of HARQ is being considered. When HARQ is introduced, coverage can be expanded in a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) environment, that is, in an environment where the distance between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal is long, and higher throughput may be obtained in a high SNR environment.
The device described below may be the apparatus of
In extremely high throughput (EHT), a standard being discussed after 802.11ax, a multi-link environment using one or more bands at the same time is being considered. When the device supports multi-link or multi-link, the device may use one or more bands (for example, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 60 GHz, etc.) simultaneously or alternately.
Hereinafter, although described in the form of multi-link, the frequency band may be configured in various other forms. In this specification, terms such as multi-link, multi-link, and the like may be used, however, for the convenience of the description below, some embodiments may be described based on multi-link.
In the following specification, an MLD refers to a multi-link device. The MLD has one or more connected STAs and one MAC service access point (SAP) that connects to an upper link layer (Logical Link Control, LLC). An MLD may mean a physical device or a logical device. Hereinafter, a device may mean an MLD.
In the following specification, a transmitting device and a receiving device may refer to an MLD. The first link of the receiving/transmitting device may be a terminal (for example, STA or AP) that performs signal transmission/reception through the first link included in the receiving/transmitting device. The second link of the receiving/transmitting device may be a terminal (for example, STA or AP) that performs signal transmission/reception through the second link included in the receiving/transmitting device.
IEEE802.11be can support two types of multi-link operations. For example, simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) and non-STR operations may be considered. For example, an STR may be referred to as an asynchronous multi-link operation, and a non-STR may be referred to as a synchronous multi-link operation. A multi-link may include a multi-band. That is, the multi-link may mean links included in several frequency bands, or may mean a plurality of links included in one frequency band.
EHT (11be) may consider multi-link technology, where multi-link may include multi-band. That is, the multi-link may represent links of several bands and at the same time may represent several multi-links within one band. Two types of multi-link operations are being considered. The asynchronous operation that enables simultaneous TX/RX on multiple links and synchronous operation that is not possible are considered. Hereinafter, the capability that enables simultaneous reception and transmission in multiple links is called STR (simultaneous transmit and receive), a STA having STR capability is called a STR MLD (multi-link device), and a STA not having STR capability is called a non-STR MLD.
A trigger frame may request and allocate resources for UL MU transmission after SIFS of a PPDU carrying the trigger frame. The trigger frame may also include different information necessary for a responding STA to transmit an HE TB PPDU.
For example, an AP may allocate a resource for uplink transmission to a STA through an RU Allocation subfield of the User Info field of the trigger frame.
Referring to
An STR AP MLD is able to perform TX/RX with a STA at any time. However, in case of the non-STR STA MLD, when a DL/UL packet is received in one or more links, channel access in a link in which reception is not performed may be a problem. In addition, the non-STR STA MLD may need to consider a channel access method in a link in which transmission is not performed when a UL packet is transmitted. A reason of using this method is that even the non-STR STA MLD may be given an opportunity to perform transmission to another link during reception in some links, and when an AP is an STR, a primary channel exists in each link.
When UL transmission is performed through another link while receiving data incoming thereto through one link, the non-STR STA MLD may not be able to receive the data. However, regarding the data, it is not necessary to receive the data in case of an intra BSS and not a receiver, in case of UL transmission, in case of OBSS transmission, or the like. That is, the non-STR STA MLD does not need to receive data if it is not data coming thereto. Therefore, the AP MLD needs to consider UL transmission of the non-STR STA MLD, which is a receiver of DL transmission, when performing DL transmission to the non-STR STA MLD.
The AP MLD may predict a start time of UL transmission through some information from the STA. If the AP MLD is able to predict the transmission start time of the STA, DL transmission to other STAs of the STA MLD to which the STA belongs may not be performed at that time. Information capable of predicting/estimating the transmission start time (hereinafter, EDCA Information) is as follows, but is not limited thereto.
Link identifier: It is an identifier capable of identifying each link channel, and an AP may newly define an identifier for each link. Alternatively, the link identifier may be defined using the existing BSSID, BSS Color, or the like.
Ex) New identifier: 0, 1, 2, . . . .
Back-off counter (BC) per link: Current Back-off counter of each link
Ex) 0˜1023, it may be expressed as a simple number, which is interpretable as the number of slots.
Since the BC exists for each access category (AC), an example of indicating BC-related information for each link is as follows.
A. Per AC: BC-related information may include information on a BC for one or more ACs. When the BC-related information includes the BC for all ACs as shown in
B. High Priority AC: BC-related information may include only information on a BC of a top-priority AC from a perspective of a STA as shown in
C. Smallest BC to Largest BC: BC-related information may include BCs, in an orderly manner from a smallest BC to a largest BC, regardless of an AC, as shown in
D. Smallest BC: BC-related information may include information on the smallest BC among ACs as shown in
E. Smallest (or Largest) BC+Difference: BC-related information may include information on the smallest or largest BC and information on a difference to the largest/smallest BC as shown in
NAV per link: NAV of each link
Ex) A TXOP field of a PHY header of 11 ax/be, a Duration field of a MAC header, or the like may be utilized.
Link Channel BUSY ratio per link: As a ratio at which a channel is busy for a specific time, transmissions from a STA which is hidden from an AP may be considered. Herein, the specific time may be a denominator of a BSS load as shown in Equation 12 or may be a different value. In particular, the STA may have a value different from channel utilization of the existing BSS load of the AP since STAs hidden from the AP such as OBSS or the like may be present. Therefore, this value may aid the AP to schedule DL transmission.
Equation 12 is an embodiment of a method of calculating the channel utilization, i.e., busy ratio, of the BSS load.
For example, the channel utilization may mean a percentage value such as 10% or 20%. For example, the channel utilization may be a channel busy ratio during a back-off period in which STA performs UL transmission.
Channel busy ratio information may vary persistently due to a characteristic of a wireless channel and thus may be updated in the form of a moving average. For example, if there is information on a second channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with a first channel busy ratio, and if there is information on a third channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with the first and second channel busy ratios. This example may be seen in
If timing synchronization is important, EDCA information may include the following information.
Timestamp per link: TSF timer value maintained in each STA
Since the information above has a great overhead, the following information may be included instead in order to reduce the overhead.
Timestamp offset: Offset value between TSF timers of STAs related to information being transmitted
The information above includes information on each link, but is not mandated to include the information on each link. For example, in the presence of a timing synchronization issue, when one non-AP MLD transmits EDCA information for another link through one link, the non-AP MLD may transmit only information on a STA corresponding to a link through which the information is transmitted, and may share the information with other APs when the AP MLD receives the information.
Meanwhile, instead of transmitting the EDCA information, a next transmission timing may be directly calculated in the STA MLD, and may be transferred to the AP MLD.
Next UL Transmission Time
Ex) Number of slots: the number of slots remaining until next UL transmission with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
Ex) Remaining time (in microsecond or millisecond): remaining time until next UL transmission time (in microsecond or millisecond) with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
The information above may be transferred using: 1) a solicited method; and 2) an unsolicited method.
1) Solicited Method
One AP of an AP MLD may transmit a frame capable of requesting the information above (i.e., EDCA information) to receive the EDCA information from an STA.
1-1) If EDCA information to be shared is predetermined, one AP of the AP MLD may transmit a frame for requesting this, and may receive corresponding information.
1-2) If the EDCA information to be shared is not predetermined and the entire set that can be requested is predetermined, one AP of the AP MLD may transmit a frame by indicating information to be requested, and may receive corresponding information. The entire set that can be requested may be information described above. For example, the AP MLD may request the STA MLD to provide a current BC and channel utilization (e.g., channel busy ratio) or the like and may receive information thereof, and may estimate a UL estimated time, based on the received information. Alternatively, the AP MLD may directly request for an estimated transmission time to receive UL estimated time information from the STA MLD.
As an example, a trigger frame may be transmitted to obtain the information above by setting it as one type of the trigger frame. As shown in Table 8, Trigger Type subfield values 0 to 7 are defined in 11ax. For example, 8 may be defined as a trigger frame variant (this is called EDCA Information Report Poll (EIRP) in the present specification).
Table 8 illustrates a trigger type in 11ax.
In
2) Unsolicited Method
The STA may transmit the aforementioned information to the AP in order to increase DL data reception efficiency thereof. For example, when transmitting a QoS data frame, a new control subfield may be transmitted by being defined in an A-control field. For example, in Table 9, a Control ID value 7 may be defined as a new Control ID, or when a new Control field for EHT is created, may be defined as a subfield of a corresponding field (it is called EDCA Information Report (EIR) in the present specification).
Table 9 illustrates a control ID subfield for the A-control field.
Referring to
Referring to
First, if an idle ratio is 30% while the BC changes from 50 to 0, a current smallest BC may be a criterion since corresponding UL transmission is already being performed. Since the smallest BC is 80, the number of slots predicted until it becomes 0 in a situation where BUSY is 70% is 267 (i.e., 80/0.3). Therefore, when the STA transmits this information to the AP, the AP may expect the STA to perform UL transmission after 267 slots. In a next channel access period, the STA MLD may also observe a channel state until the BC of 80 becomes 0, and may apply an observed channel utilization to the next channel access period in which BC=100. In particular, considering that a wireless channel continuously changes, an average of busy ratios actually observed may be obtained by using a moving average. That is, even if the busy ratio is 60% at second observation, the channel utilization of 65% may be obtained by calculating an average with respect to the first busy ratio of 70%. Therefore, a next UL estimated time may be obtained to be 286 slots (i.e., 100/0.35), based on BC=100 and the channel utilization of 65%.
The STA MLD may perform estimation as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Estimation Capability Announcement
As mentioned above, a subject which predicts a UL transmission time (UTT) of a STA may be both an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD. However, information to be reported may vary depending on who can predict the UTT from each other's point of view.
For example, if both the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD are capable of prediction, any information is possible. However, if only AP MLD is capable of prediction, a STA needs to transmit a not-estimated BC, channel busy ratio information, or the like. If only a STA MLD is capable of prediction, the AP MLD shall receive information on a result predicted by the STA.
That is, the following capability shall be negotiated.
UL transmission time (UTT) Estimation Capability: capability for predicting an immediately next UL transmission time with respect to a current time. For example, in the presence of this capability, it may be regarded that there is an algorithm or the like capable of prediction based on a variety of information.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Estimation Capability Announcement
A subject which predicts a UL transmission time (UTT) of a STA may be both an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD. However, information to be reported may vary depending on who can predict the UTT from each other's point of view.
For example, if both the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD are capable of prediction, any information is possible. However, if only AP MLD is capable of prediction, a STA needs to transmit a not-estimated BC, channel busy ratio information, or the like. If only a STA MLD is capable of prediction, the AP MLD shall receive information on a result predicted by the STA.
The AP MLD may receive a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) (S4020). For example, the AP MLD may receive the PPDU from a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) station (STA) MLD through a first link. For example, the PPDU may include information related to a backoff counter (BC) of the non-STR STA MLD and information related to channel utilization.
For example, the information related to the BC may include BC information per every access category (AC) of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
For example, the information related to the BC may include BC information of a top-priority AC of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
For example, the information related to the BC may include information on a smallest BC among all AC BCs of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
The AP MLD may predict a start time of UL transmission through some information from the STA. If the AP MLD is able to predict the transmission start time of the STA, DL transmission to other STAs of the STA MLD to which the STA belongs may not be performed at that time. Information capable of predicting/estimating the transmission start time (hereinafter, EDCA Information) is as follows, but is not limited thereto.
Link identifier: It is an identifier capable of identifying each link channel, and an AP may newly define an identifier for each link. Alternatively, the link identifier may be defined using the existing BSSID, BSS Color, or the like.
Ex) New identifier: 0, 1, 2, . . . .
Back-off counter (BC) per link: Current Back-off counter of each link
Ex) 0˜1023, it may be expressed as a simple number, which is interpretable as the number of slots.
Since the BC exists for each access category (AC), an example of indicating BC-related information for each link is as follows.
A. Per AC: BC-related information may include information on a BC for one or more ACs. When the BC-related information includes the BC for all ACs as shown in
B. High Priority AC: BC-related information may include only information on a BC of a top-priority AC from a perspective of a STA as shown in
C. Smallest BC to Largest BC: BC-related information may include BCs, in an orderly manner from a smallest BC to a largest BC, regardless of an AC, as shown in
D. Smallest BC: BC-related information may include information on the smallest BC among ACs as shown in
E. Smallest (or Largest) BC+Difference: BC-related information may include information on the smallest or largest BC and information on a difference to the largest/smallest BC as shown in
NAV per link: NAV of each link
Ex) A TXOP field of a PHY header of 11ax/be, a Duration field of a MAC header, or the like may be utilized.
Link Channel BUSY ratio per link: As a ratio at which a channel is busy for a specific time, transmissions from a STA which is hidden from an AP may be considered. Herein, the specific time may be a denominator of a BSS load as shown in Equation 12 or may be a different value. In particular, the STA may have a value different from channel utilization of the existing BSS load of the AP since STAs hidden from the AP such as OBSS or the like may be present. Therefore, this value may aid the AP to schedule DL transmission.
Equation 12 is an embodiment of a method of calculating the channel utilization, i.e., busy ratio, of the BSS load.
For example, the channel utilization may mean a percentage value such as 10% or 20%. For example, the channel utilization may be a channel busy ratio during a back-off period in which STA performs UL transmission.
Channel busy ratio information may vary persistently due to a characteristic of a wireless channel and thus may be updated in the form of a moving average. For example, if there is information on a second channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with a first channel busy ratio, and if there is information on a third channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with the first and second channel busy ratios. This example may be seen in
If timing synchronization is important, EDCA information may include the following information.
Timestamp per link: TSF timer value maintained in each STA
Since the information above has a great overhead, the following information may be included instead in order to reduce the overhead.
Timestamp offset: Offset value between TSF timers of STAs related to information being transmitted
The information above includes information on each link, but is not mandated to include the information on each link. For example, in the presence of a timing synchronization issue, when one non-AP MLD transmits EDCA information for another link through one link, the non-AP MLD may transmit only information on a STA corresponding to a link through which the information is transmitted, and may share the information with other APs when the AP MLD receives the information.
Meanwhile, instead of transmitting the EDCA information, a next transmission timing may be directly calculated in the STA MLD, and may be transferred to the AP MLD.
Next UL Transmission Time
Ex) Number of slots: the number of slots remaining until next UL transmission with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
Ex) Remaining time (in microsecond or millisecond): remaining time until next UL transmission time (in microsecond or millisecond) with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
The AP MLD may calculate an estimated UL transmission time (S4030). For example, the AP MLD may calculate an estimated time for UL transmission of the non-STR STA MLD in the first link, based on the information related to the BC and the information related to the channel utilization.
For example, the estimated time may be calculated as follows.
estimated time=BC/(1−channel utilization)
If an idle ratio is 30% while the BC changes from 50 to 0, a current smallest BC may be a criterion since corresponding UL transmission is already being performed. Since the smallest BC is 80, the number of slots predicted until it becomes 0 in a situation where BUSY is 70% is 267 (i.e., 80/0.3). Therefore, when the STA transmits this information to the AP, the AP may expect the STA to perform UL transmission after 267 slots. In a next channel access period, the STA MLD may also observe a channel state until the BC of 80 becomes 0, and may apply an observed channel utilization to the next channel access period in which BC=100. In particular, considering that a wireless channel continuously changes, an average of busy ratios actually observed may be obtained by using a moving average. That is, even if the busy ratio is 60% at second observation, the channel utilization of 65% may be obtained by calculating an average with respect to the first busy ratio of 70%. Therefore, a next UL estimated time may be obtained to be 286 slots (i.e., 100/0.35), based on BC=100 and the channel utilization of 65%.
The AP MLD may determine a DL transmission destination (S4040). For example, the AP MLD may determine a destination of DL transmission in a second link, based on the estimated time.
For example, the destination may be determined as the non-STR STA MLD or another STA MLD so that UL transmission in the first link and UL transmission in the second link do not overlap, based on the estimated time.
For example, when an AP 1 performs DL transmission, if it is predicted to perform UL transmission since a BC of a STA 2 becomes 0, the AP MLD may perform DL transmission to another STA, other than the STA 1.
For example, if the AP 1 knows that the STA 2 will be perform UL transmission when a BC of the AP 1 becomes 0, DL transmission to the STA 1 may be performed.
Referring to
For example, the information related to the BC may include BC information per every access category (AC) of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
For example, the information related to the BC may include BC information of a top-priority AC of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
For example, the information related to the BC may include information on a smallest BC among all AC BCs of traffic to be transmitted by the non-STR STA MLD.
The AP MLD may predict a start time of UL transmission through some information from the STA. If the AP MLD is able to predict the transmission start time of the STA, DL transmission to other STAs of the STA MLD to which the STA belongs may not be performed at that time. Information capable of predicting/estimating the transmission start time (hereinafter, EDCA Information) is as follows, but is not limited thereto.
Link identifier: It is an identifier capable of identifying each link channel, and an.
AP may newly define an identifier for each link. Alternatively, the link identifier may be defined using the existing BSSID, BSS Color, or the like.
Ex) New identifier: 0, 1, 2, . . . .
Back-off counter (BC) per link: Current Back-off counter of each link
Ex) 0˜1023, it may be expressed as a simple number, which is interpretable as the number of slots.
Since the BC exists for each access category (AC), an example of indicating BC-related information for each link is as follows.
A. Per AC: BC-related information may include information on a BC for one or more ACs. When the BC-related information includes the BC for all ACs as shown in
B. High Priority AC: BC-related information may include only information on a BC of a top-priority AC from a perspective of a STA as shown in
C. Smallest BC to Largest BC: BC-related information may include BCs, in an orderly manner from a smallest BC to a largest BC, regardless of an AC, as shown in
D. Smallest BC: BC-related information may include information on the smallest BC among ACs as shown in
E. Smallest (or Largest) BC+Difference: BC-related information may include information on the smallest or largest BC and information on a difference to the largest/smallest BC as shown in
NAV per link: NAV of each link
Ex) A TXOP field of a PHY header of 11ax/be, a Duration field of a MAC header, or the like may be utilized.
Link Channel BUSY ratio per link: As a ratio at which a channel is busy for a specific time, transmissions from a STA which is hidden from an AP may be considered. Herein, the specific time may be a denominator of a BSS load as shown in Equation 12 or may be a different value. In particular, the STA may have a value different from channel utilization of the existing BSS load of the AP since STAs hidden from the AP such as OBSS or the like may be present. Therefore, this value may aid the AP to schedule DL transmission.
Equation 12 is an embodiment of a method of calculating the channel utilization, i.e., busy ratio, of the BSS load.
For example, the channel utilization may mean a percentage value such as 10% or 20%. For example, the channel utilization may be a channel busy ratio during a back-off period in which STA performs UL transmission.
Channel busy ratio information may vary persistently due to a characteristic of a wireless channel and thus may be updated in the form of a moving average. For example, if there is information on a second channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with a first channel busy ratio, and if there is information on a third channel busy ratio, the channel busy ratio may be determined to be an average with the first and second channel busy ratios. This example may be seen in
If timing synchronization is important, EDCA information may include the following information.
Timestamp per link: TSF timer value maintained in each STA
Since the information above has a great overhead, the following information may be included instead in order to reduce the overhead.
Timestamp offset: Offset value between TSF timers of STAs related to information being transmitted
The information above includes information on each link, but is not mandated to include the information on each link. For example, in the presence of a timing synchronization issue, when one non-AP MLD transmits EDCA information for another link through one link, the non-AP MLD may transmit only information on a STA corresponding to a link through which the information is transmitted, and may share the information with other APs when the AP MLD receives the information.
Meanwhile, instead of transmitting the EDCA information, a next transmission timing may be directly calculated in the STA MLD, and may be transferred to the AP MLD.
Next UL Transmission Time
Ex) Number of slots: the number of slots remaining until next UL transmission with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
Ex) Remaining time (in microsecond or millisecond): remaining time until next UL transmission time (in microsecond or millisecond) with respect to a UL frame currently being transmitted (start or end point)
The non-STR STA MLD may transmit the PPDU (S4120).
Some of detailed steps shown in the example of
The aforementioned technical feature of the present specification may be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the aforementioned technical feature of the present specification may be performed/supported through the device of
The technical feature of the present specification may be implemented based on a computer readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposed by the present specification is at least one computer readable medium including instructions executed by at least one processor of an access point (AP) MLD of a wireless local area network (WLAN) system to perform operations including: receiving a PPDU from a non-STR STA MLD through a first link, wherein the PPDU includes information related to a BC of the non-STR STA MLD and information related to channel utilization; calculating an estimated time for uplink transmission of the non-STR STA MLD in the first link, based on the information related to the BC and the information related to the channel utilization; and determining a destination of downlink transmission in a second link, based on the estimated time.
Instructions stored in a CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor. The at least one processor related to the CRM of the present specification may be the processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of
The foregoing technical features of this specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the foregoing technical features may be applied for wireless communication of a device supporting artificial intelligence (AI).
Artificial intelligence refers to a field of study on artificial intelligence or methodologies for creating artificial intelligence, and machine learning refers to a field of study on methodologies for defining and solving various issues in the area of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm for improving the performance of an operation through steady experiences of the operation.
An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning and may refer to an overall problem-solving model that includes artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network by combining synapses. The artificial neural network may be defined by a pattern of connection between neurons of different layers, a learning process of updating a model parameter, and an activation function generating an output value.
The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses that connect neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an activation function of input signals input through a synapse, weights, and deviations.
A model parameter refers to a parameter determined through learning and includes a weight of synapse connection and a deviation of a neuron. A hyper-parameter refers to a parameter to be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm and includes a learning rate, the number of iterations, a mini-batch size, and an initialization function.
Learning an artificial neural network may be intended to determine a model parameter for minimizing a loss function. The loss function may be used as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in a process of learning the artificial neural network.
Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network with a label given for training data, wherein the label may indicate a correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network needs to infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without a label given for training data. Reinforcement learning may refer to a training method for training an agent defined in an environment to choose an action or a sequence of actions to maximize a cumulative reward in each state.
Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks is referred to as deep learning, and deep learning is part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is construed as including deep learning.
The foregoing technical features may be applied to wireless communication of a robot.
Robots may refer to machinery that automatically process or operate a given task with own ability thereof. In particular, a robot having a function of recognizing an environment and autonomously making a judgment to perform an operation may be referred to as an intelligent robot.
Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military robots and the like according uses or fields. A robot may include an actuator or a driver including a motor to perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. In addition, a movable robot may include a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in a driver to run on the ground or fly in the air through the driver.
The foregoing technical features may be applied to a device supporting extended reality.
Extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a real-world object and background only in a CG image, AR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a virtual CG image on a real object image, and MR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing virtual objects mixed and combined with the real world.
MR technology is similar to AR technology in that a real object and a virtual object are displayed together. However, a virtual object is used as a supplement to a real object in AR technology, whereas a virtual object and a real object are used as equal statuses in MR technology.
XR technology may be applied to a head-mount display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a TV, digital signage, and the like. A device to which XR technology is applied may be referred to as an XR device.
The claims recited in the present specification may be combined in a variety of ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented by a method. In addition, the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented by a method.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0016624 | Feb 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0020651 | Feb 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0024587 | Feb 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0026784 | Mar 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0027402 | Mar 2020 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2021/001616 | 2/8/2021 | WO |
