This application is based on and claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-161561, filed on Jun. 1, 2005, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to brushless permanent magnet motors for automobiles, household electrical appliances, and industrial uses.
More particularly, the invention relates to a mufti-phase, brushless, and permanent magnet motor that has an improved structure in which the number of stator poles is less than that of rotor poles.
2. Description of the Related Art
For three-phase AC motors, there are many combinations between the number of rotor poles and the number of stator teeth. Among them, the combination of eight rotor poles and twelve stator teeth, which is generally referred to as 2-3 system, has been widely used. (For example, a reference can be made to Japanese Patent First Publication No. H06-261513.)
As shown in
According to the concentrated winding method, the stator core 7 is in a divided form to improve the space factor of the stator windings 5. More specifically, as shown in
Further, as shown in
In addition, if a distributed winding method is used instead of the concentrated winding method, the electrical angular width α corresponding to the angular width of the stator poles would become 180°, as shown in
The above-described conventional motor has the following disadvantages.
Since the angular width of the stator poles is small, in terms of electrical angular width, with respect to the pitch of the rotor poles, the torque induced by electric current flowing through the stator windings 5 is small. Moreover, due to the small winding factor k, both the power output and efficiency of the motor are low.
Further, though the space factor of the stator windings 5 is improved by dividing the stator core 7, magneto-resistance increases at the connecting portions between the divided parts of the stator core 7, thus decreasing both the power output and efficiency of the motor.
In addition, the divided structure of the stator core 7 yields a magneto-resistance unbalance in the motor, which causes vibrations and noise of the motor to increase.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the conventional motor.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a multi-phase brushless motor with an improved structure that ensures high efficiency of the motor.
According to the present invention, an A-phase brushless motor, where A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, is provided which includes a stator and a rotor.
The stator has q stator poles, where q is an integer greater than or equal to A. The stator poles form S stator pole sets each consisting of A stator poles each of which corresponds to one of A phases, where S is an integer equal to (q/A).
The rotor has p rotor poles, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and is so arranged that the rotor poles face the stator poles.
Further, in the brushless motor, p≧q, and the stator poles are arranged in a circumferential direction of the motor such that a difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent two of the A stator poles in each of the S stator pole sets is equal to (360°/A).
As above, in the brushless motor according to the present invention, the number of stator poles is reduced, compared to the conventional motor shown in
Consequently, it becomes possible to use wires with a greater cross-sectional area and the same number of turns for the stator windings, thereby reducing both the copper and iron losses of the motor. Otherwise, it is also possible to use wires with the greater number of turns and the same cross-sectional area for the stator windings, thereby decreasing the electric current required to generate the same torque and thus the copper loss of the motor. As a result, high efficiency of the motor is secured.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, a difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent pair of the stator poles in different ones of the S sets is equal to one of (360°×(A−1)/A) and (360°×(A−1)/A−180°).
It is preferable that the brushless motor is configured to be used in combination with one or more other motors.
In the brushless motor, p may be equal to 4×N while q=3×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 6×N while q=3×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 8×N while q=3×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 10×N while q=6×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 4×N while q=2×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 6×N while q=4×N, where N is a positive integer.
In the brushless motor, p may also be equal to 6×N while q=2×N, where N is a positive integer.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, each of the stator poles has an angular width that corresponds to an electrical angular width in a range of 120 to 180°. Further, the stator poles form a first pole group and the rotor poles form a second pole group, and the poles of at least one of the first and second pole groups are skewed.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, the stator poles form a first pole group and the rotor poles form a second pole group, and each of the poles of at least one of the first and second pole groups is shaped such that an air gap between the each of the poles and any pole facing the each of the poles gradually increases from a circumferential center of the each of the poles to both circumferential ends of the same.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, the rotor includes a rotor base member made of a soft magnetic material and a plurality of permanent magnets, and a plurality of slits or nonmagnetic members are arranged in the rotor base member to regulate distribution of magnetic flux density in each of the rotor poles. Further, in each of the rotor poles, the slits or nonmagnetic members are spaced along the circumferential direction of the motor at electrical angular intervals D, and there are E of the rotor poles, among which there is such a relationship that a difference in electrical angular position between the slits or nonmagnetic members in each of the E rotor poles and those in one other of the E rotor poles is equal to D/E, where E is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
In the brushless motor, the rotor may be configured with a rotor base member and a plurality of permanent magnets that are arranged on the surface of the rotor base member.
In the brushless motor, the rotor may also be configured with a rotor base member and a plurality of permanent magnets that are embedded in the rotor base member.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, at least one of the stator poles is so arranged to have an angular position that is deviated by a shift angle from a reference angular position that corresponds to an electrical angular position being an integer multiple of 180°.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, at least one of the rotor poles is so arranged to have an angular position that is deviated by a shift angle from a reference angular position that corresponds to an electrical angular position being an integer multiple of 180°.
Preferably, in the brushless motor, the stator includes a stator core, which has q teeth, and stator windings wound around the stator core, and wherein the stator core is integrally formed with a stator lamination stack.
The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given hereinafter and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments but are for the purpose of explanation and understanding only.
In the accompanying drawings:
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to
It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity and understanding, identical components having identical functions in different embodiments of the invention have been marked, where possible, with the same reference numerals in each of the figures.
As shown in
The rotor 10 defines eight rotor poles. More specifically, the rotor 10 includes a rotor core 11 and a plurality of permanent magnets 13. The rotor core 11 is made of a soft magnetic material. The permanent magnets 13 are embedded in the rotor core 11 and made, for example, of a rare-earth metal. The rotor core 11 is so shaped that the outer surface of the rotor core 11 is recessed radially inward at the boundary (or transition) portions between the rotor poles. For each of the rotor poles, the outer surface is formed with a circular arc that has a radius less than that of the rotor 10.
Further, in each of the rotor poles, there are arranged a plurality of slits 12 between the permanent magnets 13 to regulate the distribution of magnetic flux density in that rotor pole. More specifically, the magnetic flux created by the permanent magnets 13 is kept from extending in the circumferential direction of the motor M1 across the slits 12. Moreover, the slits 12 are so oriented to concentrate the magnetic flux on the circumferential center of the rotor pole. Consequently, the magnetic flux density is highest at the circumferential center and lowest at both the circumferential ends (i.e., the boundary portions) of the rotor pole, resulting in the magnetic flux distribution almost in the form of a sin wave.
Accordingly, with the above rotor structure having the embedded permanent magnets 13, it becomes possible to obtain the desired magnetic flux distribution, thereby increasing the output torque of the motor M1.
In addition, the magnetic flux passing through the boundary portions between the rotor poles generally has a small contribution to the generation of the motor torque. Adversely, a high magnetic flux density at the boundary portions likely causes a torque ripple. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the boundary portions are recessed as described above to lower the magnetic flux density thereat.
It should be noted that, instead of the slits 12, nonmagnetic members may be embedded in the rotor core 11 to achieve the same effect.
The stator 20 defines six stator poles. More specifically, the stator 20 includes a stator core 23 and stator windings 22. The stator core 23 has six teeth 21 formed as salient poles of the stator 20 and six slots formed between the teeth 21. The stator windings 22 are wound around the teeth 21 of the stator core 23. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the stator core 23 has an integrated structure in which a plurality of thin stator laminations are stacked together to form the stator core 23.
Compared to the conventional motor shown in
Further, in the motor M1, the stator poles of the stator 20 form two different stator pole sets. The first set includes three stator poles that respectively correspond to U, V, and W phases and have electrical angular positions 0°, 120°, and 240°. Thus, the difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent two of the stator poles in the first set is equal to (360°/3), i.e., 120°.
The second set also includes three stator poles that respectively correspond to U, V, and W phases.
When the stator windings 22 are wound around the stator poles in the second set in the same direction as those in the first set, the stator poles in the second set have electrical angular positions 0°, 120°, and 240°, respectively. Thus, the difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent two of the stator poles in the second set is also equal to (360°/3), i.e., 120°. Moreover, the difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent pair of the stator poles in different sets, such as the pair of the W-phase stator pole in the first set and the U-phase stator pole in the second set, is equal to (360°×(3−1)/3), i.e., 240°.
Otherwise, When the stator windings 22 are wound around the stator poles in the second set in a reverse direction to those in the first set, the stator poles in the second set have electrical angular positions 180°, 300°, and 420°, respectively. Thus, the difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent two of the stator poles in the second set is still equal to (360°/3), i.e., 120°. However, in this case, the difference in electrical angular position between any adjacent pair of the stator poles in different sets, such as the pair of the W-phase stator pole in the first set and the U-phase stator pole in the second set, is equal to (360°×(3−1)/3−180°), i.e., 60°.
The above-described motor M1 according to the present embodiment has the following advantages.
In the motor M1, the number q (q=6) of the stator poles is less than the number p (p=8) of the rotor poles (i.e., p>q). Therefore, there is a clear difference between the structure of the motor M1 and that of the conventional motor shown in
Since the number of stator poles is reduced in the motor M1, the space available for the stator windings 22 is accordingly increased. Consequently, it becomes possible to use copper wires with a greater cross-sectional area and the same number of turns for the stator windings 22, thereby reducing both the copper and iron losses of the motor M1. Otherwise, it is also possible to use copper wires with the greater number of turns and the same cross-sectional area as the stator windings 22, thereby decreasing the electric current required to generate the same torque and thus the copper loss of the motor M1. As a result, high efficiency of the motor M1 is secured.
In addition, the relationship between the power output P and the torque T of the motor M1 is as follows.
P=V×I=dΦ/dt×I=N×T,
where, V is voltage, I is electric current, Φ is magnetic flux, t is time, and N is the number of revolutions.
In the motor M1, the stator core 23 is integrally formed with a stator lamination stack.
With the integrated structure of the stator core 23, it is possible to eliminate a magneto-resistance unbalance in the magnetic circuit which may, otherwise, be caused with the divided structure as shown in
In the motor M1, it is possible to secure wide openings of the slots formed between the stator poles in the stator core 23, due to the reduced number of stator poles and the integrated structure of the stator core 23.
Accordingly, it becomes possible to directly wind the stator windings 22 around the stator teeth 21. Instead, it is also possible to insert the stator windings 22 that have been previously wound into the slots in the stator core 23. Using either of the methods, the productivity of the motor M1 can be improved.
In the motor M1, each of the stator poles has an angular width that corresponds to an electrical angular width in the range of 120 to 180°. Accordingly, the winding factor k is in the range of 0.866 to 1.0.
With the large winding factor k, it becomes possible to increase both the power output and efficiency of the motor M1.
In the motor M1, each of the rotor poles is so shaped that the air gap between the rotor pole and any of the stator poles that faces the rotor pole gradually increases from the circumferential center of the rotor pole to both the circumferential ends of the same.
With such a shape of the rotor poles, it is possible to suppress a rapid change in magnetic flux in the circumferential direction of the motor M1, thereby reducing torque ripple and cogging torque.
In the motor M1, there are arranged slits 12 between the permanent magnets 13 to regulate the distribution of magnetic flux density in each of the rotor poles.
Consequently, it becomes possible to obtain a desired magnetic flux distribution by arranging the slits 12, thereby increasing the output torque of the motor M1.
Further, in each of the rotor poles, the slits 12 are spaced along the circumferential direction of the rotor 10 at electrical angular intervals D. Moreover, there are E of the rotor poles, among which there is such a relationship that a difference in electrical angular position between the slits 12 in each of the E rotor poles and the slits 12 in one other of the E rotor poles is equal to D/E, where E is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
More specifically, in
With such an arrangement of the slits 12, it becomes possible to offset the torque ripple generated in one of the rotor poles by that generated in the other of the same pair.
While the above particular embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those who practice the invention and those skilled in the art that various modifications, changes, and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit of the disclosed concept.
For example, the above-described motor M1 may be used for household electrical appliances, such as a refrigerator and an air conditioner, automobiles, and industrial uses.
Moreover, though the rotor 10 is obtained by embedding the permanent magnets 13 in the rotor core 11 in the previous embodiment, it may also be obtainable by other methods, such as arranging the permanent magnets 13 on the surface of the rotor core 11.
The motor M1 is, preferably, configured to be used in combination with one or more other motors to provide an increased torque and power output.
Though the motor M1 is configured as a three-phase motor (i.e., A=3) in the previous embodiment, it may also be configured to have any other numbers of phases greater than or equal to two (i.e. A≧2).
The first variation of the motor M1 falls into a first group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 4×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 3×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the first group that can be in practical use are, for example, 8p6s and 12p9s motors.
The second variation of the motor M1 falls into a second group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 6×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 3×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the second group that can be in practical use are, for example, 12p6s and 18p9s motors.
The third variation of the motor M1 falls into a third group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 8×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 3×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the third group that can be in practical use are, for example, 16p6s and 24p9s motors.
The fourth variation of the motor M1 falls into a fourth group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 10×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 6×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the fourth group that can be in practical use are, for example, 20p12s and 30p24s motors.
The fifth variation of the motor M1 falls into a fifth group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 4×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 2×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the fifth group that can be in practical use are, for example, 8p4s and 12p6s motors.
The sixth variation of the motor M1 falls into a sixth group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 6×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 4×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the sixth group that can be in practical use are, for example, 12p8s and 18p12s motors.
The seventh variation of the motor M1 falls into a seventh group of brushless motors according to the present invention in which the number of rotor poles is equal to 6×N while the number of stator poles is equal to 2×N, where N is a positive integer. Other motors of the seventh group that can be in practical use are, for example, 12p4s and 18p6s motors.
The brushless motors illustrated in
Further, as the number q of stator poles decreases, the torque tends to increase; however, at the same time, the number of portions generating the torque decreases, thus resulting in increased vibrations and noise of the motor.
Furthermore, the number A of phases is also an important factor. For example, the two-phase brushless motors have a simple structure; however, the configuration of inverters driving them is somewhat complex. The three-phase brushless motors are most widely used and the configuration of inverters driving them is simple. With the number A of phases not less than 4, it is possible to achieve a high quality operation of the brushless motors; however, the configuration of the inverters driving them is complex.
Accordingly, it is preferable to select a brushless motor according to the present invention for a specific use in consideration of the above characteristics of the brushless motors.
Through skewing the stator 20 as above, the winding factor k can be improved. In addition, it is also possible to skew the rotor 10, along with or instead of the stator 20, to achieve the same effect.
With the modified shape of the stator teeth 21, it is possible to suppress a rapid change in magnetic flux in the circumferential direction of the motor, thereby reducing torque ripple and cogging torque.
Consequently, with the improved distribution of magnetic flux density, torque ripple can be reduced and the output torque of the motor can be increased. In addition, as described previously, nonmagnetic members may be arranged in each of the stator poles instead of the slits 12 to achieve the same effect.
With the above arrangement of the stator poles, it is possible to reduce the torque ripple that has a frequency being integer multiple of the shift angle SSA.
With the above arrangement of rotor poles, it is possible to reduce the torque ripple that has a frequency being integer multiple of the shift angle RSA.
In addition to the above-described variations, other modifications, changes, and improvements within the skill of the art are also possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2005-161561 | Jun 2005 | JP | national |