MULTI-PIECE HEAT SHIELD

BACKGROUND

The disclosure relates to gas turbine engines, and more particularly to heat shields used in gas turbine engines.

Gas turbine engines operate according to a continuous-flow, Brayton cycle. A compressor section pressurizes an ambient air stream, fuel is added and the mixture is burned in a central combustor section. The combustion products expand through a turbine section where bladed rotors convert thermal energy from the combustion products into mechanical energy for rotating one or more centrally mounted shafts. The shafts, in turn, drive the forward compressor section, thus continuing the cycle. Gas turbine engines are compact and powerful power plants, making them suitable for powering aircraft, heavy equipment, ships and electrical power generators. In power generating applications, the combustion products can also drive a separate power turbine attached to an electrical generator.

For many stator vane assemblies, a fairing is disposed about a frame in order to define a main gas flow path for the gas turbine engine. As the fairing is directly exposed to gas flow, including combustion gases, the fairing can be heated to high temperatures during operation. Heat from the fairing can heat the frame in an undesirable manner.

SUMMARY

An assembly for a gas turbine engine includes a first casing, a fairing, and a multi-piece heat shield assembly. The fairing is disposed adjacent the first casing. The multi-piece heat shield assembly includes a first shield mounted to the first casing and extending between the first casing and the fairing, and a second shield mounted to the fairing and extending between the fairing and the first casing.

A gas turbine engine includes a frame, an annularly shaped fairing, and a multi-piece heat shield. The frame has an inner casing, an outer casing, and struts that extend between the inner casing and outer casing. The annularly shaped fairing is disposed adjacent the frame between the inner casing and the outer casing. The multi-piece heat shield is connected to the frame and the fairing. The multi-piece heat shield includes a first shield that extends between the inner casing and the fairing, a second shield that is spaced from and extends across a portion of the first shield and extends between the fairing and the inner casing, and a third shield that extends between the outer radial casing and the fairing.

A method includes connecting a first shield to an upstream portion of an inner radial casing, connecting a second shield to a downstream portion of a fairing, and disposing a third shield comprised of a plurality of arcuate segments within an outer radial casing between a plurality of struts that extend between the inner radial casing and outer radial casing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an industrial turbine cross-section.

FIG. 2 is exploded view of an assembly including a frame and a fairing.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a portion of the frame with one embodiment of the multi-piece heat shield assembly disposed therein.

FIG. 3B is a cross sectional view of the frame, the fairing, and the multi-piece heat shield assembly of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4A illustrates segments of an outer radial shield of the multi-piece heat shield assembly of FIG. 3A being inserted into the frame.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of one embodiment of a forward heat shield of the multi-piece heat shield assembly of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4C is a perspective view of one embodiment of an aft heat shield of the multi-piece heat shield assembly of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the frame, the fairing, and another embodiment of a multi-piece heat shield assembly.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the frame, the fairing, and yet another embodiment of a multi-piece heat shield assembly.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the frame, the fairing, and another embodiment of a multi-piece heat shield assembly.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the frame, the fairing, and another embodiment of a multi-piece heat shield assembly.

FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multi-piece heat shield assembly illustrating forward and aft heat shields that are intermittently circumferentially joined together.

FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the frame, fairing and multi-piece heat shield assembly of FIG. 9A illustrating the forward and aft heat shields intermittently circumferentially joined together.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This application discloses a multi-piece heat shield that is easily assembled within a frame. The multiple pieces of the heat shield overlap with one another or are joined together to eliminate line-of-sight from the fairings. The heat shield design blocks or reduces radiation heating from the frame, including the inner casing and outer casing, and therefore, allows less expensive materials (steel) to be used for those components.

An exemplary industrial gas turbine engine 10 is circumferentially disposed about a central, longitudinal axis or axial engine centerline axis 12 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The engine 10 includes, in series order from front to rear, low and high pressure compressor sections 16 and 18, combustor section 20 and high and low pressure turbine sections 22 and 24. In some examples, free turbine section 26 is disposed aft of low pressure turbine 24. Although illustrated with reference to an industrial gas turbine engine, this application also extends to aero engines with a fan or gear driven fan, and engines with more or fewer sections than illustrated.

In gas turbines, incoming ambient air 30 becomes pressurized air 32 in compressors 16 and 18. Fuel mixes with pressurized air 32 in combustor section 20, where it is burned to produce combustion gases 34 that expand as they flow through turbine sections 22, 24 and power turbine 26. Turbine sections 22 and 24 drive high and low pressure rotor shafts 36 and 38 respectively, which rotate in response to the combustion products and thus attached compressor sections 18, 16. Free turbine section 26 may, for example, drive an electrical generator, pump, or gearbox (not shown).

It is understood that FIG. 1 provides a basic understanding and overview of the various sections and the basic operation of an industrial gas turbine engine. The present application is applicable to all types of gas turbine engines, including those with aerospace applications.

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of assembly 40 with frame 42 and fairing 46. Embodiments of heat shield are not shown in FIG. 2. Assembly 40 includes frame 42, heat shields, and fairing 46. Frame 42 includes outer radial casing 48, inner radial casing 50, and struts 52. Fairing 46 includes outer radial platform 54, inner radial platform 56, and strut liners 58.

Frame 42 comprises a stator component of gas turbine engine 10 (FIG. 1) and can form portions of compressor sections 16 and 18 or turbine sections 22 and 24. Fairing 46 is disposed within frame 42 and fairing 46 is connected to the frame 42 when assembled. Fairing 46 is disposed within the frame 42 to form the main gas flow path for a portion of gas turbine engine 10.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, outer radial casing 48 of frame 42 is conically shaped and forms a portion of the casing of gas turbine engine 10 (FIG. 1), for example, in low pressure turbine section 24. Inner radial casing 50 is disposed generally radially inward of outer radial casing 48 and is connected thereto by struts 52.

Fairing 46 is adapted to be disposed within frame 42 between outer radial casing 48 and inner radial casing 50. Outer radial platform 54 of fairing 46 has a generally conical shape. Similarly, inner radial platform 56 has a generally conical shape. Inner radial platform 56 is spaced from outer radial platform 54 by strut liners 58. Strut liners 58 are adapted to be disposed around struts 52 of frame 42.

FIG. 3A illustrates a portion of frame 42 and one embodiment of heat shield assembly 44. Fairing 46 (FIGS. 2 and 3B) is not shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3B shows assembly 40 with frame 42, fairing 46, and heat shield assembly 44. Assembly 40 of FIG. 3B includes frame 42, heat shield assembly 44, and fairing 46. Frame 42 includes outer radial casing 48, inner radial casing 50, and struts 52. Fairing 46 includes outer radial platform 54, inner radial platform 56, and strut liners 58. Heat shield assembly 44 includes strut shields 60A and 60B, outer radial heat shield 62, aft heat shield 64, forward heat shield 66, and flange 68.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, outer radial casing 48 of frame 42 is conically shaped and abuts and is connected to second outer radial casing 49 of another module of gas turbine engine 10. Inner radial casing 50 is disposed generally radially inward of outer radial casing 48 and is connected thereto by struts 52 (only one is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B).

Fairing 46 is adapted to be disposed within frame 42 between outer radial casing 48 and inner radial casing 50. Strut liners 58 are adapted to be disposed around struts 52 of frame 42 as well as strut shields 60A and 60B of heat shield 44 when fairing 46 is assembled on frame 42 as illustrated in FIG. 3B. Outer radial platform 54, inner radial platform 56, and strut liners 58, form the main gas flow path, which directs combustion gases 34 through the portion of gas turbine engine illustrated in FIG. 3B.

Heat shield 44 is disposed between frame 42 and fairing 46 in FIG. 3B to block line-of-sight from fairing 46 to frame 42. As used therein, block line-of-sight means that no portion of frame 42 is exposed to faring 46 travelling axially from a forward end of frame 42 to an aft end. Thus, to block line-of-sight a part of heat shield assembly 44 is interposed between frame 42 and fairing 46. In one embodiment, heat shield assembly 44 is comprised of a nickel alloy sheet metal. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, heat shield assembly 44 is comprised of separate components and/or subassemblies of heat shields including strut shields 60A and 60B, outer radial shield 62, aft shield 64, forward shield 66, and flange 68.

Strut shields 60A and 60B extend about struts 52 and are disposed between strut liner 58 and struts 52. Each strut shield 60A and 60B extends generally radially and is connected to outer radial shield 62. Outer radial shield 62 is disposed between outer radial casing 48 and outer radial platform 54. Strut shields 60A and 60B can initially be divided (as illustrated in FIG. 3A) for installation around struts 52. After installation, outer radial shield 62 and strut shields 60A and 60B can be connected together by welding, brazing, riveting or other means.

Aft shield 64 has a conical shape when assembled and is spaced from but generally extends along inner radial platform 56. In the embodiment of FIG. 3B, inner radial platform 56 includes connection feature 72 such as an embossment, rib, rivet, bolt or weld that mounts aft shield 64 to inner radial platform 56. Additionally, aft shield 64 extends aft to interface with and connect to rib 70 of inner radial platform 56 in the embodiment of FIG. 3B. Aft shield 64 extends forward to overlap with and is spaced radially from forward shield 66. Forward shield 66 is connected to inner radial casing 50 by flange 68 and bolts. In other embodiments, flange 68 can be connected to inner radial casing 50 by welding, brazing, riveting, or another type of connection. Forward shield 66 is spaced from but extends along a forward portion of inner radial casing 50 and is disposed radially inward of aft shield 64.

Together, forward shield 66 and aft shield 64 block line-of-sight from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. This reduces or blocks radiant heat transfer from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. Additionally, spacing forward shield 66 from aft shield 64 so that the components overlap axially but do not make contact allows for ease of installation and removal of heat shield assembly 44 from frame 42. For example, during assembly forward shield 66 can be inserted in and connected to inner radial casing 50, and then fairing 46 and aft shield 64 can be insert into frame 42 and connected without having forward shield 66 interfere with the assembly process.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, strut shield 60A and forward shield 66 are connected to one another by welding, riveting, brazing, or other means. Similarly, outer radial shield 62 and strut shields 60A and 60B are connected by welding, riveting, brazing, or other means. In other embodiments, strut shields 60A and 60B can comprise single components, can be axially or otherwise segmented, or can comprise subassemblies of several components. Similarly, in other embodiments, forward shield 66 and aft shield 64 can comprise a single component that is formed by machining, rolling, stamping, curling, punching, and/or another method of fabrication. In other embodiments, forward shield 66 and aft shield 64 can comprise single components, can be axially or otherwise segmented and attached, or can comprise subassemblies of several components.

FIG. 4A shows one embodiment of outer radial shield 62 with separate segments 74 prior to installation in frame 42. In the embodiment of outer radial shield 62 shown in FIG. 4A, segments 74 are individually inserted into frame 42 between struts 52 and between inner radial casing 50 and outer radial casing 48. Segments 74 are adapted with notches 77 therein. Notches 77 are adapted to receive half of each strut 52. Circumferential edges 76A and 78A of segments 74 are adapted to interface and abut circumferential edges 76B and 78B of neighboring segment 74. Edges 76A and 76B can then be welded, brazed, riveted, or otherwise joined together to form full ring of outer radial casing 62. Thus, struts 52 are enclosed by notches 77 in neighboring segments 74.

FIG. 4B shows a perspective view of one embodiment of forward shield 66. Forward shield 66 comprises a full annular ring with notches 79 therein to receive the inner radial portion of struts 52. Flange 68 extends generally radially from forward shield 66 and is adapted to interface with inner radial casing as shown in FIG. 3B.

FIG. 4C shows a perspective view of one embodiment of aft shield 64. Aft shield 64 is comprised of segments 80 that are arranged adjacent one another. Each segment 80 includes notches 81 adapted to receive an aft portion of each strut 52. In the embodiment shown, first edge 82B of segment 80 is spaced from and does not abut second edge 82A of neighboring segment 80. Each segment 80 forms apertures 84 that are adapted to receive bolts or fasteners (not shown) that extend through connection feature 72 (FIG. 3B) in fairing 46.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of assembly 140 with frame 42, fairing 46, and heat shield 144. Components of frame 42 and fairing 46 are unchanged in FIG. 3B and FIG. 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, outer radial heat shield 62 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 3B. However, the embodiments of strut shields 160A and 160B, aft shield 164, and forward shield 166 differ in the embodiment of FIG. 5.

Strut shields 160A and 160B extend about struts 52 and are disposed between strut liner 58 and struts 52. Each strut shield 160A and 160B extends generally radially and is connected to outer radial shield 62. Strut shield 160A does not contact forward shield 166. Strut shield 160B is connected to aft shield 164 along an inner radial portion thereof.

Aft shield 164 has a conical shape when assembled and is spaced from but generally extends along inner radial platform 56. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, inner radial platform 56 includes connection feature 172 such as an embossment, rib, rivet, bolt or weld that mounts aft shield 164 to inner radial platform 56. Aft shield 164 is spaced from and does not connect to rib 170 of inner radial platform 56. Aft shield 164 extends forward to overlap and is spaced radially from forward shield 166. Forward shield 166 is connected to inner radial casing 50 by flange 168 and bolts. In other embodiments, flange 168 can be connected to inner radial casing 50 by welding, brazing, riveting, or another type of connection. Forward shield 166 is spaced from but extends along a forward portion of inner radial casing 50 and is disposed radially inward of aft shield 164.

Together, forward shield 166 and aft shield 164 block all line-of-sight from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. This reduces or blocks radiant heat transfer from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. Additionally, spacing forward shield 166 from aft shield 164 so that the components overlap axially but do not make contact due to radial spacing allows for ease of installation and removal of heat shield assembly 144 from frame 42. For example, during assembly forward shield 166 can be inserted in and connected to inner radial casing 50, and then fairing 46 and aft shield 164 can be insert into frame 42 and connected without having forward shield 166 interfere with the assembly process.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of assembly 240 with frame 42, fairing 46, and heat shield 244. Components of frame 42 and fairing 46 are unchanged in FIG. 3B and FIG. 6. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, outer radial heat shield 62, forward heat shield 66, and flange 68 are the same as the embodiment of FIG. 3B. However, the embodiments of strut shields 260A and 260B, and aft shield 264 differ in the embodiment of FIG. 6.

Strut shields 260A and 260B extend about struts 52 and are disposed between strut liner 58 and struts 52. Each strut shield 260A and 260B extends generally radially and is connected to outer radial shield 62. Strut shield 260A is spaced from and does not contact forward shield 66. Strut shield 260B is spaced from and does not contact aft shield 264.

Aft shield 264 has a conical shape when assembled and is spaced from but generally extends along inner radial platform 56. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, inner radial platform 56 does not include connection feature (FIG. 3B and FIG. 5). Aft shield 264 is connected to rib 70 of inner radial platform 56 by brazing, welding, riveting or other joining techniques. Aft shield 264 extends forward to overlap and is spaced radially from forward shield 66. Forward shield 66 is connected to inner radial casing 50 by flange 68 and bolts. In other embodiments, flange 68 can be connected to inner radial casing 50 by welding, brazing, riveting, or another type of connection. Forward shield 66 is spaced from but extends along a forward portion of inner radial casing 50.

Together, forward shield 66 and aft shield 264 block all line-of-sight from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. This reduces or blocks radiant heat transfer from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. Additionally, spacing forward shield 66 from aft shield 264 so that the components overlap axially but do not make contact due to radial spacing allows for ease of installation and removal of heat shield assembly 244 from frame 42. For example, during assembly forward shield 66 can be inserted in and connected to inner radial casing 50, and then fairing 46 and aft shield 264 can be insert into frame 42 and connected without having forward shield 66 interfere with the assembly process.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of assembly 340 with frame 42, fairing 46, and heat shield 344. Components of frame 42 and fairing 46 are unchanged in FIG. 3B and FIG. 7. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, outer radial heat shield 62 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 3B. However, the embodiments of strut shields 360A and 360B, aft shield 364, and forward shield 366 differ in the embodiment of FIG. 7.

Strut shields 360A and 360B extend about struts 52 and are disposed between strut liner 58 and struts 52. Each strut shield 360A and 360B extends generally radially and is connected to outer radial shield 62. Strut shield 360A does not contact forward shield 366. Strut shield 360B is connected to aft shield 364 along an inner radial portion thereof.

Aft shield 364 has a conical shape when assembled and is spaced from but generally extends along inner radial platform 56. Aft shield 364 is supported by member 376. Member 376 extends generally radially from and is connected to forward shield 366. Member 376 extends to abut and connect with a middle portion of aft shield 364. Aft shield 364 additionally extends to connect with forward shield 366 along a forward end thereof. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, aft shield 364 is spaced from and does not connect to rib 70 nor any other portion of inner radial platform 56.

Forward shield 366 is connected to inner radial casing 50 by flange 368 and bolts. In other embodiments, flange 368 can be connected to inner radial casing 50 by welding, brazing, riveting, or another type of connection. Forward shield 366 is spaced from but extends along a forward portion of inner radial casing 50.

Together, forward shield 366 and aft shield 364 block all line-of-sight from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. This reduces or blocks radiant heat transfer from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. Additionally, the arrangement of forward shield 366 and aft shield 364 disclosed allows for easy installation and removal of heat shield assembly 344 from frame 42. For example, during assembly forward shield 366 can be inserted in and connected to inner radial casing 50, and then fairing 46 and aft shield 364 can be inserted into frame 42 and connected. Once inserted, aft shield 364 can be welded or otherwise attached to forward shield 366 at a forward end. Member 376 can then be inserted and welded or otherwise attached to both aft shield 364 and forward shield 366.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of assembly 440 with frame 42, fairing 46, and heat shield 444. Components of frame 42 and fairing 46 are unchanged in FIG. 3B and FIG. 8. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, outer radial heat shield 62 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 3B. However, the embodiments of strut shields 160A and 160B, shield 464F and 464A differ in the embodiment of FIG. 8. Forward shield 66 of the embodiment of FIG. 3B has been eliminated in the embodiment of FIG. 8.

Strut shields 460A and 460B extend about struts 52 and are disposed between strut liner 58 and struts 52. Each strut shield 460A and 460B extends generally radially and is connected to outer radial shield 62. Both strut shields 460A and 460B are connected to and extend past shield 464F and 464A, respectively. This is accomplished by slots in shield 464F and 464A that receive tabs in strut shield 460A and 460B in one embodiment.

Shields 464A and 464F have a conical shape when assembled and are spaced from but generally extend along inner radial platform 56. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, inner radial platform 56 includes aft connection feature 472 such as an embossment, rib, rivet, bolt or weld that mounts shield 464A to inner radial platform 56. Similarly, inner radial platform 56 includes forward connection feature 472F such as an embossment, rib, rivet, bolt or weld that mounts shield 464F to inner radial platform 56. Shield 464A is spaced from and does not connect to rib 70 of inner radial platform 56. As will be discussed subsequently, shield 464A and shield 464F are intermittently connected around their circumference. As discussed previously, as shields 464A and 464F are extended along substantially the entire length between fairing 46 and inner radial casing 50, forward shield 66 (FIG. 3B) is eliminated from assembly 440. Together, shield 464F and shield 464A block all line-of-sight from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50. This reduces or blocks radiant heat transfer from fairing 46 to inner radial casing 50.

FIG. 9A shows a perspective view of a section of another embodiment of heat shield 544 and inner radial platform 56. Frame 42 has been removed in FIG. 9A (but is shown in FIG. 9B) to illustrate the welding and gap between shield 564F and shield 564A. Similar to the embodiment of heat shield shown in FIG. 8, the embodiment shown in FIG. 9A includes shield 564F arranged forward of shield 564A. As shown in FIG. 9A, shield 564F is intermittently circumferentially connected by welds 580 to shield 564A. Similarly, shield 564F is intermittently spaced from shield 564A by gap 582. Shield 564F and shield 564A extend adjacent inner platform 56 from a forward section to an aft section. Shield 564F is connected to flange 568, which supports shield 564F from inner radial casing 50 (FIGS. 2-8). Shield 564A is supported from fairing 46 by connection features (not shown, FIGS. 3B, 5, and 8). In other embodiments, shield 564F and 564A may utilize other methods of joining rather than welding, for example, riveting or brazing. In yet other embodiments, shield 564F and 564A may comprise a single piece, be continuously circumferentially connected, or be entirely separated by gap 582 for the entire circumference of heat shield 544.

FIG. 9B illustrates a portion of frame 42 and fairing 46 with a segment of inner radial platform 56 removed to illustrate shield 564F and 564A, intermittent welds 580, and gaps 582. As shown in FIG. 9B, the portion of frame 42 illustrated includes forward (upstream with respect to the direction of gas flow) portions of outer radial casing 48 and inner radial casing 50. Outer radial platform 54 is spaced adjacent outer radial casing 48. Inner radial platform 56 has a segment removed to illustrate shield 564F and 564A, intermittent welds 580, and gaps 582. In particular, shield 564F arranged forward of shield 564A. Shield 564F is intermittently circumferentially connected by welds 580 to shield 564A. Shield 564F is intermittently spaced from shield 564A by gap 582. Shield 564F includes notches 584 that extend around a forward portion of strut 52 (strut liner 58 is removed in FIG. 9B) and shield 564A includes notches 586 that extend around an aft portion of strut 52.

This application discloses a multi-piece heat shield that is easily assembled within the frame. The multiple pieces of the heat shield overlap with one another or are joined together to eliminate line-of-sight from the fairings. The heat shield design blocks or reduces radiation heating from the frame, including the inner casing and outer casing, and therefore, allows less expensive materials (steel) to be used for those components.

Discussion of Possible Embodiments

The following are non-exclusive descriptions of possible embodiments of the present invention.

The assembly of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:

struts extending from the first casing and supporting a second casing;

the first shield and the second shield include apertures adapted to receive the struts;

a third shield extending between the second casing and the fairing, the third shield includes apertures adapted to receive the struts;

the third shield is comprised of a plurality of connected arcuate segments.

a fourth shield disposed about the struts and extending between the struts and the fairing;

the first shield includes a flange adapted to interface with the casing;

the first shield includes a cylindrical portion that is disposed within the casing;

the second shield is attached to a rib of the fairing;

the second shield is attached to an inner radial platform of the fairing;

second shield is spaced from and extends across the first shield such that a portion of the second shield is disposed between the fairing and a portion of the first shield;

the first shield is connected to the second shield; and

the first shield is intermittently circumferentially connected to the second shield.

The gas turbine engine of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:

the first shield, the second shield, and the third assembly include apertures adapted to receive the struts; and

a fourth shield disposed about the struts and extending between the struts and the fairing.

A method includes disposing the plurality of heat shield segments adjacent a casing and between a plurality of struts that extend from the casing, connecting the segments to the casing, and attaching the segments together to form a heat shield having a first portion positioned adjacent the casing and a second portion extending away from the casing.

The method of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:

attaching the segments of the third shield together to form a generally conically shaped heat shield;

joining the first shield to the second shield; and

disposing the second shield such that a portion of the second shield is spaced from and extends across a portion of the first shield.

While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

MULTI-PIECE HEAT SHIELD

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