Multi-piece self pierce rivet die for improved die life

Abstract

A multi-piece die and system for driving a self pierce rivet into a plurality of workpieces. The die includes an anvil and a collar affixed to the anvil. The anvil and collar cooperate to reduce stresses to reduce breaking of the die.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a die for self pierce riveting and a system for driving a self pierce rivet into a plurality of workpieces.

2. Background Art

Self pierce rivets may be used to assemble a plurality of workpieces together. Self pierce rivets are commonly upset using a die assembly. Previous die assemblies utilized a one piece forming die. Under some conditions one piece forming dies are not durable and may easily crack and break due to the high forces involved in self pierce riveting. In addition, the Applicant of the present invention has discovered that one piece dies may fail due to the high localized stresses associated with the use of a one piece die design, the condition of machined die surfaces, and tooling marks (e.g., scratches) that may cause stress risers and subsequently lead to premature die breakage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In at least one embodiment, a die for shaping a self pierce rivet is provided. The die includes an anvil and a collar. The anvil includes a first portion, a flange portion, and a second portion. The anvil may be fixedly disposed on the collar such that an interior surface and a mating surface of the collar may engage a second perimeter surface of the second portion and an upper surface of the flange portion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a system for driving a self pierce rivet.

FIG. 2 is a magnified section view of a portion of the system taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 illustrating a self pierce rivet prior to upsetting.

FIG. 3 is a magnified section view of the portion of the system shown in FIG. 2 illustrating upsetting of the self pierce rivet.

FIGS. 4A-4M illustrate various embodiments of a multi-piece die.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale, some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for the claims and/or as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a system 10 for driving a self pierce rivet into a plurality of workpieces is shown. The system 10 may include a manipulator 12, a fixture 14, a die assembly 16, and an actuator 18.

The manipulator 12 may have any suitable configuration. In the embodiment shown, the manipulator 12 is configured as a robot configured to move about one or more axes. The manipulator 12 permits the fixture 14 and die assembly 16 to be moved to various positions to facilitate riveting of a plurality of workpieces. Alternatively, the manipulator 12 may be omitted in various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an exemplary embodiment of the fixture 14 is shown. The fixture 14 may be configured to be mounted on the manipulator 12. Moreover, the fixture 14 may be adapted to receive the die assembly 16 and/or the actuator 18. The fixture 14 may have any suitable configuration. In the embodiment shown, the fixture 14 is generally C-shaped and includes an aperture 20 for receiving a portion of the die assembly 16 and a mounting portion 22 for receiving the actuator 18.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, an embodiment of the die assembly 16 is shown. The die assembly 16 may include a first die 24 and a punch or second die 26. The first and second dies 24, 26 cooperate to upset a self pierce rivet 28. More specifically, the second die 26 is adapted to exert force against the self pierce rivet 28 to drive the self pierce rivet 28 into a plurality of workpieces 30 while the first die 24 is adapted to help form the self pierce rivet 28.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the self pierce rivet 28 includes a plurality of protrusions 32 that extend away from the head of the self pierce rivet 28. The protrusions 32 pierce through some, but not all of the workpieces 30 and are deformed to help secure the self pierce rivet 28 and workpieces 30 together. More specifically, the protrusions 32 are deformed outwardly by the action of the die assembly 16, but do not penetrate completely through the workpiece disposed adjacent to the first die 24 when the self pierce rivet 28 is properly upset.

The first die 24 may have any suitable configuration. Various exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A-4M and discussed in more detail below. The second die 26 may also have any suitable configuration and may include a generally planar surface that engages the self pierce rivet 28.

The actuator 18 may be configured to receive the second die 26 and provide force for upsetting the self pierce rivet 28. More specifically, the actuator 18 may be configured to move between a retracted position in which the first and second dies 24,26 are spaced apart from each other and an advanced position in which the first and second dies 24,26 are positioned closer together. The actuator 18 may be of any suitable type, such as a hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, mechanical, or other type of actuator.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4A-4M, various embodiments of the first die are shown. For convenience, common reference numbers are used to designate identical or similar features or components when possible. In each embodiment, the first die includes multiple pieces. In a two piece embodiment, the first die may include an anvil and a collar. In a three piece embodiment, the first die may include an anvil, a collar, and a flange. In these embodiments the anvil and collar may be coaxially disposed about a center axis 34 as shown in FIGS. 2-3. Moreover, in each of these embodiments, the anvil may include an end surface having an optional protrusion or nub 36 that helps direct the protrusions toward the collar during upsetting of the self pierce rivet 28. Moreover, in each embodiment the end surface may be disposed generally perpendicularly to an adjacent surface of the collar so that the self pierce rivet is properly upset.

The first die may be made of any suitable material or materials. For example, the anvil may be made of a material with good wear resistance and compressive strength, such as an A8 or M2 grade steel, while the collar made be made of a material that having good fatigue resistance, such as an H13 VAR (vacuum arc remelted) steel. In addition, the anvil and collar may each have different hardness to accommodate different types and/or magnitudes of stress. In at least one embodiment, the hardness of the anvil may be greater than the hardness of the collar to accommodate the compressive forces that occur when the self pierce rivet 28 is upset. For instance, the anvil and collar may be configured with hardness of R_C 60-64 and R_C 56-61, respectively. Of course, larger or smaller hardness ranges that may or may not overlap may also be provided in various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 2-3, an embodiment of the first die 24 is shown that includes an anvil 40 and a collar 42. The anvil 40 is configured to be received in the aperture 20 of the fixture 14. The anvil 40 includes an outside or perimeter surface 44 and an end portion 46 that extends from the aperture 20. The collar 42 defines a hole and includes an interior surface 48 that is attached to the portion of the perimeter surface associated with the end portion 46.

Referring to FIG. 4A, another embodiment of the first die is shown that includes an anvil 50 and a collar 52. The anvil 50 includes a first portion 54 that may be configured to be received in the aperture 20, a flange portion 56, and a second portion 58. The flange portion 56 includes an upper surface 60 and a lower surface 62 disposed opposite and generally parallel to the upper surface 60. The lower surface 62 may contact the fixture 14 when the first portion 54 is disposed in the aperture 20. The second portion 58 may extend from the upper surface 60 and may be coaxially disposed with the first portion 54. The collar 52 may include an interior surface 64 disposed adjacent to the perimeter of the second portion 58 and an end or mating surface 66 disposed adjacent to the upper surface 60.

Referring to FIG. 4B, a three piece embodiment of the first die is shown that includes a collar 52, an anvil 70, and a flange portion 72. The flange portion 72 is disposed around and attached to the perimeter surface of the anvil 70. The flange portion 72 may be attached in any suitable manner as will be described in more detail below.

Referring to FIGS. 4C-4D, two piece embodiments are shown in which the upper and lower surfaces of the flange portion are disposed at an angle relative to each other. In FIG. 4C, the first die includes an anvil 80 and a collar 82. The anvil 80 has a flange portion 86 that includes an upper surface 90 that is angled toward the lower surface 92 in a direction extending away from a center axis 34. In FIG. 4D, the first die also includes an anvil 80′ and a collar 82′. The anvil 80′ has a flange portion 86′ that includes an upper surface 90′ that is angled toward the lower surface 92′ in a direction extending toward the center axis 34. In these embodiments, the collar 82,82′ includes a mating surface 96,96′ that mates with the upper surface 90,90′. These configurations help position the collar with respect to the anvil and may provide improved force distribution.

Referring to FIGS. 4E-4F, embodiments are shown in which the upper and lower surfaces of the flange portion are non-planar. In FIG. 4E, the first die includes an anvil 100 and a collar 102. The anvil 100 has a flange portion 106 that includes an upper surface 110 and a lower surface 112. The upper surface 110 is convex and slopes toward the lower surface 112 in a direction extending away from the center axis 34. In FIG. 4F, the first die also includes an anvil 100′ and a collar 102′. The anvil 100′ has a flange portion 106′ that includes upper and lower surfaces 110′,112′. The upper surface 110′ is concave and slopes toward the lower surface 112′ in a direction extending toward the center axis 34.

Referring to FIG. 4G, an embodiment similar to FIG. 4A is shown. In this embodiment, the anvil 120 has an end surface 122 having a generally conical configuration that intersects the interior surface 64 of the collar 52 at an angle. As such, this configuration helps direct the protrusions of the self pierce rivet 28 during upsetting and help distribute forces.

Referring to FIG. 4H, an embodiment is shown that includes an anvil 130 having first and second portions 134,138. The first portion 134 includes a first perimeter surface 140. The second portion 138 includes a second perimeter surface 142. A step surface 144 extends between the first and second perimeter surfaces 140,142. The interior surface 64 and mating surface 66 of the collar 52 are disposed adjacent to the second perimeter surface 142 and step surface 144, respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 4I-4M, additional embodiments are shown that depict features that help facilitate assembly of the anvil and collar. Alternatively, the anvil and collar may be joined in other ways, such as with welding, an adhesive, an interference fit, and/or one or more fasteners.

In FIG. 4I, at least a portion of the anvil 150 and collar 152 are provided with mating threads. In the embodiment shown, the second portion 154 of the anvil 150 and interior surface 156 of the collar 152 include mating threads 158 that permit easy assembly and disassembly of the anvil 150 and collar 152. As such, the anvil or collar may be replaced independently of each other, thereby reducing die assembly costs as compared to a one piece die design.

In FIGS. 4J and 4L, a groove is provided between the anvil and the collar. In FIG. 4J, the first die includes an anvil 160 and a collar 52. The anvil 160 includes a second portion 162 that includes a groove 164 that extends from the end surface 166 toward the flange portion 168. In FIG. 4L, the first die includes an anvil 50 and a collar 170. The collar 170 includes a groove 172 that extends from the lower surface 174 toward an upper surface 176. In each embodiment, the groove 164,172 may extend partially or completely around the anvil or collar. The groove 164,172 may receive a solder material 178 for joining the anvil and the collar as is shown in FIGS. 4K and 4M, respectively.

The embodiments of the first die described above may be combined in any suitable manner. For example, the various anvil and collar attributes may be combined in multiple combinations. For example, the upper and mating surfaces in FIGS. 4C-4F may be incorporated with a three piece design. In addition, the mating threads shown in FIG. 4I or the groove and solder combinations of FIGS. 4J-4M may be integrated with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4A-4H.

The embodiments of the first die described above may be fabricated in any suitable manner. For example, the anvil and/or collar may be formed in a desired shape, such as by casting or material removal. For instance, the anvil and or collar may be rough cut, finish cut, and hardened in any suitable order and with any suitable techniques to achieve desired geometry and material properties.

The multi-piece die of the present invention helps improve die durability as compared to a one piece design and may do so with little difference in die cost. Improved durability may also provide one or more of the following benefits. First, downtime is reduced, which helps improve process throughput and efficiency. Second, product quality and process reliability is improved, which may help reduce inspection costs and scrap.

A multi-piece die in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention may also expand the operating window of self pierce riveting. More specifically, additional joint configurations (sheet thickness, number of sheets, rivet length, etc.) are economically feasible with a multi-piece design that were not economically feasible with the best one piece design. In addition, a multi-piece design, which eliminates the continuous sharp inside corner of the one-piece design, is less sensitive to tooling marks that may impact die durability and product quality. Thus, a multi-piece design may improve die manufacturing robustness while easing the burden on die manufacture operations, such as machining, polishing, grinding, and inspection.

While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A die for shaping a self-pierce rivet, comprising: a one piece anvil that is disposed along an axis and includes: a first portion that has a first perimeter surface;a second portion that is coaxially disposed with the first portion, the second portion having an end surface and a second perimeter surface that extends from the end surface; anda flange portion having an upper surface and a lower surface disposed opposite the upper surface, wherein the upper and lower surfaces extend from the first and second perimeter surfaces, respectively, and away from the axis; anda collar fixedly disposed on the anvil, the collar having an interior surface, an exterior surface disposed opposite the interior surface, and a mating surface that extends from the interior surface to the exterior surface;wherein the interior surface of the collar engages the second perimeter surface and the mating surface of the collar engages the upper surface of the flange portion.

2. The die of claim 1 wherein the interior surface defines a hole that is configured to receive the self-pierce rivet when the self-pierce rivet is driven into a plurality of workpieces.

3. The die of claim 1 wherein the interior and exterior surfaces are concentrically disposed about the axis.

4. The die of claim 1 wherein the second perimeter surface extends from the end surface to the upper surface.

5. The die of claim 4 wherein the second perimeter surface is disposed substantially parallel to the axis.

6. The die of claim 1 wherein the first and second perimeter surfaces are coaxially disposed and located at a common radial distance from the axis.

7. The die of claim 1 wherein the end surface is disposed generally perpendicular to the interior surface.

8. The die of claim 1 wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the flange portion extend substantially parallel to each other.

9. The die of claim 1 wherein the upper surface extends at an angle with respect to the lower surface such that the upper surface is located closer to the lower surface as a distance from the axis increases.

10. The die of claim 1 wherein the upper surface extends at an angle with respect to the lower surface such that the upper surface is located closer to the lower surface as a distance from the axis decreases.

11. The die of claim 1 wherein the upper surface is convex.

12. The die of claim 1 wherein the upper surface is concave.

13. The die of claim 1 wherein the end surface has a conical configuration.

14. The die of claim 1 wherein the interior surface and second perimeter surface include mating threads.

15. The die of claim 1 wherein the end surface has a nub that protrudes from the end surface.

16. The die of claim 1 wherein the anvil has a hardness of about 60 to 62 RC and the collar has a hardness of about 56-58 RC.

17. The die of claim 1 wherein the collar does not move with respect to the anvil.