Patent Application
20070020571
1. Field of the Disclosure
The disclosure relates generally to decorative and functional wax articles. More particularly, the disclosure relates to multi-region decorative and functional articles, including candles.
2. Brief Description of Related Technology
Candles are known which are made from compressed wax particles. In one particular compressed candle, layers of wax prill are added successively into a compression mold, the wax is compressed, and a wick is added to form a compression candle with multiple horizontally-disposed layers.
One aspect of the disclosure provides a method of making a multi-region compressed wax article, including the steps of forming a body of wax particles including a first region including first wax particles and a second region including second wax particles different from the first wax particles, including simultaneously dispensing first wax particles and second wax particles into a pressing mold and compressing the body of wax particles.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a compressed wax article, including a compressed body including wax particles, said body including at least two parallel, contiguous regions wherein a first region includes a first wax and a second region includes a second wax different from the first wax, at least one of the regions including a wick disposed in the region along an axis parallel to a plane formed by intersection of the parallel regions.
Still another aspect of the disclosure provides a compressed wax article, including a compressed body including wax particles, said body including at least two regions contiguous along a first axis of the body, wherein a first region includes a first wax and a second region includes a second wax different from the first wax, and wherein the intersection of the regions is nonplanar.
Yet another aspect of the disclosure is a compressed wax article, including a compressed body including wax particles, said body including a plurality of first regions including a first wax and a plurality of second regions including a second wax different from the first wax, the first and second regions disposed in alternating vertical and radial relationship to each other.
Further aspects and advantages will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a review of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings. While the method and articles are susceptible of embodiments in various forms, the description hereafter includes specific embodiments with the understanding that the disclosure is illustrative, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.
For further facilitating the understanding of the present invention, thirteen drawing figures of embodiments of various apparatus according to the disclosure are appended hereto, wherein:
FIGS. 8 shows a perspective view of a compressed wax article having three swirled regions.
A multi-region compressed wax article is made by simultaneously dispensing multiple types of wax particles into a pressing mold to form a body of wax particles having corresponding multiple regions, and then the body of wax particles is compressed. A mass of wax particles divided into regions can be formed directly in the mold, or outside of the mold, and then dispensed into the mold to form a body of particles for compression. Alternatively, a body of wax particles can be formed directly in the mold, or outside of the mold and then transferred into the mold for compression. The mold is preferably cylindrical.
A mass of wax particles physically divided into regions can be formed outside the mold and then simultaneously dispensed into the mold. The entire divided mass can be loaded into the mold and then the mass separated from the dividers to simultaneously dispense the particles into the mold and form a body, or the pellets can be separated from the dividers while outside the mold and simultaneously dispensed into the mold (e.g., by gravity from above the mold).
In another variation, a mass of wax particles physically divided into regions can be formed inside the mold and then the regions can be simultaneously dispensed into the mold to form a body of wax particles by removing the one or more physical dividers. For example, one or more dividing walls can be inserted into the pressing mold, multiple wax pellet types can be loaded into physical regions formed by the dividing wall(s), optionally together with the mold wall(s), without regard to loading sequence, and then all pellet types can be simultaneously dispensed to form a body by removing the dividing wall(s).
When dispensed by any variation on the method, the relative vertical arrangement of the wax particles preferably is at least substantially maintained. For example, the relative vertical arrangement of the particles can be maintained by supporting the particles in the mass or body during dispensing, such as to prevent freefall and horizontal scattering. Thus, in one expedient the method can include forming outside a pressing mold a mass of wax particles divided into regions, providing a support surface below the mass of particles, the support surface being a lower press plate of a pressing mold, and gradually lowering the lower press plate into the pressing mold to transfer the wax particles into the mold to substantially maintain their relative vertical arrangement.
The regions of the body of wax particles prior to compression can be identical in shape and size to the regions in the mass of wax particles prior to dispensing into the pressing mold, or they can vary. For example, as shown in the examples below, a cylindrical mold can be filled by a mass of wax particles divided into three, smaller cylindrical regions. Thus, the area of wax particles in cross section within the mass of wax particles can be somewhat smaller than the area of the pressing mold in cross section, and simultaneous dispensing from the regions will substantially maintain their relative vertical arrangement. Similarly, the volume of particles in a region of the mass of wax particles can be somewhat smaller than the volume of the region formed by the wax charge device, such as with relatively large chunks of wax with interstitial voids, and simultaneous dispensing from the regions will substantially maintain the relative vertical arrangement of the particles in the regions even if some smaller particles from one or more adjacent regions fill in the interstitial voids during dispensing and/or compression.
The regions of the body of wax particles and compressed wax article can be of any desired size and shape. For example, the article can be cylindrical with a plurality of equal-sized, wedge-shaped regions in cross section. Similarly, the article can be cylindrical with alternating wide and narrow regions having planar interfaces, to give the article a pinstriped appearance. As described in more detail below, the regions can also have non-planar interfaces, such as variations in a radial direction, to provide the article with a candystriped appearance. In one type of embodiment, the regions are continuous. In one type of embodiment, the regions of the body of wax particles and regions of the compressed wax article are approximately the same shape. In another type of embodiment, for example as described in connection with
The relative horizontal arrangement of the wax particles can be varied to provide the compressed article with a variety of unique and distinct compositions, such as striped, zigzag, swirled, stepped, checkered, and combinations thereof. For example, if a mass of wax particles is made outside the mold and separated into multiple regions with one or more dividing walls, then as the particles are separated from the dividing wall(s), the method can include providing relative rotation of the mass of wax particles and the dividing wall(s) with respect to each other during separation to provide radial variation to the regions. The rotation can be continuous, e.g., to give a swirled appearance to the article, or intermittent, e.g., to give a stepped or checkerboard appearance to the article.
The compressed wax articles can be decorative or functional. In one type of embodiment, at least one region of the article is made up of combustible wax and is provided with a wick. A wick can be provided in any manner. For example, a wick can be disposed in an uncompressed wax particle region and compressed together with the wax. As another example, a cavity can be formed in a compressed wax region during or subsequent to compression, and a wick can later be fed into the cavity in a separate wicking operation.
There is no limit to the type of waxes that can be used in the method and articles, so long as they can be compressed, optionally with the aid of auxiliary additives, to form a cohesive article. Suitable non-limiting examples include paraffin wax, preferably having a melt point between 120° F. and 155° F. (49° C. and 68° C.) and a maximum oil content of about 3 wt. %; microcrystalline wax, preferably present up to 50 wt. % and having a melt point between 150° F. and 195° F. (66° C. and 91° C.); a C14 to C20 fatty acid, preferably present up to 20 wt. %; natural waxes such as vegetable derived fatty waxes; polymers, preferably present in an amount up to 10 wt. %; and synthetic waxes.
The wax particles are solid, and can have any shape. Suitable non-limiting examples include granules, pastilles, pellets, powders, prills, beads, flakes, and chunks. Particle size is not a limitation of the methods and articles, and will generally be related to the overall mold size and article size. For example, for compressed articles or regions in the centimeter size range, the particles are preferably in the micrometer to millimeter size range.
The regions preferably include one or more ingredients to provide the resulting article with decorative and/or functional properties. Examples include any number of solid or liquid additives known for use in candle making, including substituted fatty acids, alcohols, acid esters, crystal modifiers, stability additives, UV inhibitors, antioxidants, and combinations thereof. Such ingredients can be provided alone, e.g., in particulate form and mixed with the wax particles, or as part of the wax particles themselves. Suitable decorative ingredients include, but are not limited to, pigments, dyes, and non-wax particulates (e.g., glitter). For example, a colorant can be included in an amount up to 2 wt. % in one type of embodiment. Suitable functional and active ingredients include, but are not limited to, fragrances, deodorants, insect repellents, animal attractants, sanitizing agents, or any other such compounds suitable for release from the article into the surrounding environment. For example, a functional and/or active ingredient can be included in an amount up to 15 wt. % in one type of embodiment. The regions can also include more than one type of wax, such as a combination of a relatively large chunked wax and a relatively small granular wax.
At least one region is made up of a wax (including a combination of waxes) that differs from a wax forming another region, preferably an adjacent region. In one type of preferred embodiment, the difference in waxes is visual. For example, the waxes can have different colors, sizes, shapes, opacities, reflectivities, and combinations thereof. In another type of preferred embodiment, not mutually-exclusive, the difference in waxes is functional, such as by the inclusion of an active ingredient or in difference of base wax composition.
Wax particles are commercially available, or can be made by Example 1 described below.
One embodiment of the type wherein a mass of wax particles physically divided into regions is formed outside the mold and then simultaneously dispensed into the mold will now be described in detail with respect to the figures.
The wax charge cylinder 10 (shown with cutaway regions above and below the drive belt) and the drive unit 30 are mounted into a transport box 74 shown in cross-section coupled by a shaft 78 to a transfer cylinder 80, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, for lateral movement. Above the transport box 74 are mounted three wax particle storage hoppers 82, 84, and 88 holding corresponding wax particles of different varieties.
In operation, the transport cylinder 80 moves the transport box 74 such that the wax charge cylinder 0 is positioned below the storage hopper 82 for loading: wax particles into the region 22, then under the storage hopper 84 for loading wax particles into the region 24, and then under the storage hopper 88 for loading wax particles into the region 28. If the outlets of the hoppers 82, 84, and 88, are not aligned with the respective regions, then the wax charge cylinder 10 can be rotated by drive unit 30 for proper alignment.
After filling the wax charge cylinder 10, the transfer cylinder 80 moves the transport box 74 laterally such that the wax charge cylinder 10 is aligned over the pressing mold 44. The lower end of the wax charge cylinder 10 is sealed by surface 42 during until the cylinder 10 is positioned over the pressing chamber 44, at which time it becomes sealed by lower press plate 52. The wax particles (not shown) in the wax charge cylinder 10 are supported by surface 42 until the cylinder 10 is positioned over the pressing chamber 44, at which time they are supported by the lower press plate 52.
To fill the mold chamber 48 with wax particles while substantially maintaining the relative vertical arrangement of the wax particles, the lower press plate 52 is slowly lowered into the pressing mold 44. If a non-vertical (e.g., swirled pattern) is desired in the resulting compressed article, the cylinder 10 can be rotated by the drive unit 30 as the lower press plate 52 is lowered. As another example, if a checkerboard pattern is desired, the lowering of press plate 52 and rotation of cylinder 10 can be alternated in even increments to fill the mold chamber 48. In an alternative arrangement, the cylinder 10 can be sized to fit inside the pressing mold 44, and the mold 44 can be filled by first lowering the lower press plate 52 and cylinder 10 into the pressing mold 44 and then raising the cylinder 10 out of the pressing mold 44, with optional rotation of the cylinder 10.
Subsequent to filling, the transfer cylinder 80 operates to move the transport box 74 laterally back to the start position or for subsequent filling of the cylinder 10 for another cycle. Next, the upper press cylinder 70 lowers the upper press plate 50 to seal the top of the pressing mold 44. To compress wax particles in the pressing mold 44, the lower press cylinder 72 raises the lower press plate 52. In the alternative, upper press cylinder 70 can further lower the upper press plate 50 into the pressing mold 44. To discharge a compressed wax article, the upper press cylinder 70 raises the upper press plate 50, and the lower press cylinder 72 raises the upper press plate 52 to push out the compressed wax article.
For example,
The chamber 204 and wax particles can be supported at the bottom by a lower press plate (not shown), as in
The following examples are provided for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fully refined paraffin EXXON PARAVAN 1420 is pre-blended with BAKER PETROLITE VYBAR 260 polymer, COGNIS Stearic 132, and CIBA TINUVIN 329 UV absorber until all components are thoroughly dissolved. Fragrances and dyes are added to the wax blend and mixed until thoroughly dispersed. The wax batch is held at a temperature of 145° F. (63° C.) to maintain a molten state.
The wax is pumped to a KURSCHNER wax spray drum system and held at 145° F. (63° C.). The spray drum temperature is maintained at 55° F. (13° C.). The drum rotates at 45 yards/min (41 meters/min). The spray room is maintained at approximately 65° F. (18° C.).
The wax pumps through a spray manifold system and onto the rotating drum. A scraper on the opposite side of the drum removes the wax granules, depositing them on a vibrating conveyor system. The conveyor system transfers the granules inside the drum, where the granules tumble for further cooling. After traveling through the drum, the granulated wax is transferred to a hopper for storage and later use.
Additional batches, with variations on wax content, are created by the same general procedure and stored in separate hoppers for storage and later use.
The foregoing description is given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications within the scope of the invention may be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art.
Throughout the specification, where compositions are described as including components or materials, it is contemplated that the compositions can also consist essentially of, or consist of, any combination of the recited components or materials, unless described otherwise.
The practice of a method disclosed herein, and individual steps thereof, can be performed manually and/or with the aid of electronic equipment. Although processes have been described with reference to particular embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that other ways of performing the acts associated with the methods may be used. For example, the order of various of the steps may be changed without departing from the scope or spirit of the method. In addition, some of the individual steps can be combined, omitted, or further subdivided into additional steps.
