Claims
- 1. A multi-shaft auger apparatus for boring into soil and mixing soil with a chemical hardener in situ to form hardened adjacent soilcrete columns, in situ, the apparatus comprising:
- a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, each shaft having a lower end and an upper end, and adapted to be rotated;
- a penetrating auger blade attached at the lower end of each respective shaft for boring into the soil to form a borehole, the individual auger blades being sized and spaced so as to prevent interference between adjacent auger blades as they rotate;
- one or more separate overlapping auger blades attached respectively to one or more shafts, each of which is vertically offset from, and is larger in diameter than, the corresponding penetrating auger blade on its common shaft, and so sized and spaced as to effect a borehole that lies within the range of being approximately tangential to overlapping one or more adjacent boreholes effected by one or more adjacent penetrating auger blades;
- means for injecting a chemical hardener into the soil through which the shafts bore; and
- means for securing the shafts together in a fixed space relationship.
- 2. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the means for injecting a chemical hardener comprises:
- a passageway through each shaft;
- a discharge opening at the lower end of each shaft in communication with the passageway through the shaft;
- means for accepting the chemical hardener into the passageway at the upper end of each shaft as it is supplied thereto by a pump or other means.
- 3. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein each overlapping auger blade has a diameter substantially the same as the adjacent penetrating auger blades.
- 4. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein each overlapping auger blade has a diameter greater than the adjacent penetrating auger blades.
- 5. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the penetrating auger blades have cutting edges formed on the lower extremity of helical-shaped blades and a multiplicity of downwardly projecting auger teeth.
- 6. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein each overlapping auger blade has a substantially flat blade with a multiplicity of downwardly projecting auger teeth.
- 7. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the shafts are sequentially arranged and each alternate penetrating auger blade has a diameter which is different than the diameter of adjacent auger blades.
- 8. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein alternate augers are so fashioned as to be preferably rotated in opposite directions to adjacent augers.
- 9. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein the penetrating auger blades are substantially in horizontal alignment with each other.
- 10. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein alternate penetrating auger blades are offset vertically from adjacent penetrating auger blades.
- 11. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein one or more of the shafts have one or more mixing paddles attached thereto intermediate their length to aid in mixing the chemical hardener with the soil.
- 12. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein one or more of the shafts have one or more additional penetrating auger blades attached thereto intermediate their length.
- 13. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of substantially parallel shafts comprises two substantially parallel shafts.
- 14. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of substantially parallel shafts comprises three coplanar substantially parallel shafts.
- 15. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of substantially parallel shafts comprises three substantially parallel shafts arranged in a triangular pattern.
- 16. A multi-shaft auger apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of substantially parallel shafts comprises five coplanar substantially parallel shafts.
- 17. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil using a multi-shaft auger apparatus comprising the steps of:
- (a) effecting in a first auger stroke two or more adjacent first-stroke boreholes in soil with a multi-shaft auger apparatus having a plurality of substantially parallel shafts, each shaft having a penetrating auger blade attached at a lower end of its shaft, and one or more shafts having each an overlapping auger blade attached at a position offset vertically from the corresponding penetrating auger blade which is positioned at the lower end of said one or more shafts, and wherein said overlapping auger blade has a diameter greater than said corresponding penetrating auger blade;
- (b) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in two or more boreholes during the auger stroke;
- (c) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (d) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with soilcrete mixture, thus effecting two or more soilcrete columns.
- 18. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one shaft is adjacent to at least one first-stroke borehole and also such that the borehole to be effected by said one shaft will be within the range of being approximately tangential to overlapping said one first-stroke borehole;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 19. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 18 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) repeating the steps of moving, effecting additional boreholes in additional auger strokes, injecting a chemical hardener, blending, and withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, thus effecting a multiplicity of soilcrete columns, all in such a manner that interstitial spaces between adjacent columns are substantially minimized.
- 20. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one of the penetrating auger blades effects a second-stroke borehole that is substantially coaxial with a first-stroke borehole effected by a penetrating auger blade in the first auger stroke;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 21. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 20 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) repeating the steps of moving, effecting additional boreholes in additional auger strokes, injecting a chemical hardener, blending, and withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, thus effecting a multiplicity of soilcrete columns, all in such a manner that interstitial spaces between adjacent columns are substantially minimized.
- 22. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 wherein the multi-shaft auger apparatus has three coplanar shafts, the central shaft has the overlapping auger blade attached to it, and said overlapping auger blade has substantially the same diameter as the penetrating auger blades attached to the adjacent shafts.
- 23. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 22 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one shaft is adjacent to at least one first-stroke borehole an also such that the borehole to be effected by said one shaft will be within the range of being approximately tangential to overlapping said one first-stroke borehole;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 24. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 23 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) effecting a first planar row of columns;
- (k) effecting one or more additional planar rows of columns substantially parallel to said first planar row of columns, wherein each column in said additional planar row is offset longitudinally in its plane by a distance equal to approximately one-half the diameter of a column, and wherein the spacing between adjacent planar rows is somewhat less than the diameter of a column and is such as to at least substantially minimize interstitial spaces between columns.
- 25. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one of the penetrating auger blades effects a second-stroke borehole that is substantially coaxial with a first-stroke borehole effected by a penetrating auger blade in the first auger stroke;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 26. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 25 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) effecting a first planar row of columns;
- (k) effecting one or more additional planar rows of columns substantially parallel to said first planar row of columns, wherein each column in said additional planar row is offset longitudinally in its plane by a distance equal to approximately one-half the diameter of a column, and wherein the spacing between adjacent planar rows is somewhat less than the diameter of a column and is such as to at least substantially minimize interstitial spaces between columns.
- 27. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 wherein the multi-shaft auger apparatus has three coplanar shafts, the central shaft has the overlapping auger blade attached to it, and said overlapping auger blade has a larger diameter than the penetrating auger blades attached to the adjacent shafts.
- 28. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 27 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one shaft is adjacent to at least one first-stroke borehole and also such that the borehole to be effected by said one shaft will be within the range of being approximately tangential to overlapping said one first-stroke borehole;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 29. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 27 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one of the penetrating auger blades effects a second-stroke borehole that is substantially coaxial with a first-stroke borehole effected by a penetrating auger blade in the first auger stroke;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 30. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 29 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) effecting a first planar row of columns;
- (k) effecting one or more additional planar rows of columns substantially parallel to said first planar row of columns, wherein each column of larger diameter is orthogonally positioned with respect to a smaller-diameter column in an adjacent planar row of columns, and wherein the spacing between adjacent planar rows is approximately equal to the diameter of a smaller diameter column and is such as to at least substantially minimize interstitial spaces between columns.
- 31. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 wherein the multi-shaft auger apparatus comprises two shafts.
- 32. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 31 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the multi-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that at least one shaft is adjacent to at least one first-stroke borehole and also such that the borehole to be effected by said one shaft will be within the range of being approximately tangential to overlapping said one first-stroke borehole;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke two or more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil in one or more boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three or more soilcrete columns.
- 33. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 32 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) effecting a first planar row of columns;
- (k) effecting one or more additional planar rows of columns substantially parallel to said first planar row of columns, wherein each column of larger diameter is orthogonally positioned with respect to a smaller-diameter column in an adjacent planar row of columns, and wherein the spacing between adjacent planar rows is approximately equal to the diameter of a smaller diameter column and is such as to at least substantially minimize interstitial spaces between columns.
- 34. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 17 using a three-shaft auger apparatus comprising the steps of:
- (a) effecting in a first auger stroke three adjacent first-stroke boreholes in situ with a three-shaft auger apparatus having three substantially parallel shafts spaced apart in a triangular relationship, each shaft having a penetrating auger blade attached at a lower end of its shafts, and one shaft having an overlapping auger blade attached at a position offset vertically from the corresponding penetrating auger blade which is positioned at the lower end of said one shaft, and wherein said corresponding penetrating auger blade has a diameter greater than said corresponding penetrating auger blade;
- (b) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil into the boreholes during the auger stroke;
- (c) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (d) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three soilcrete columns wherein one has a larger diameter than the other two.
- 35. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 34 comprising further the steps of:
- (e) moving the three-shaft auger apparatus to a new position such that the axis of the shaft carrying the overlapping auger blade and one penetrating auger blade lies in the plane of the axes of the two smaller soilcrete columns formed in the first stroke, and the axes of the other two penetrating auger blades lie in a common plane with the axis of the larger diameter soilcrete column formed in the first stroke, and further such that one penetrating auger blade overlaps the larger diameter soilcrete column;
- (f) effecting in a second auger stroke three more second-stroke boreholes;
- (g) injecting a chemical hardener into the soil into the boreholes during the second auger stroke;
- (h) blending the soil and the chemical hardener during the auger stroke; and
- (i) withdrawing the multi-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, leaving the boreholes substantially filled with the soilcrete mixture, thus effecting three more soilcrete columns which together with the columns formed during the first stroke form a double row of columns.
- 36. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 35 comprising further the steps of:
- (j) repeating the steps of moving, effecting additional boreholes in additional auger strokes, injecting a chemical hardener, blending, and withdrawing the three-shaft auger apparatus from the boreholes, thus effecting a multiplicity of soilcrete columns in a double row, all in such a manner that interstitial spaces between adjacent columns are substantially minimized.
- 37. A method for forming adjacent soilcrete columns in situ in soil as defined in claim 36 comprising further the steps of:
- (k) effecting one or more additional double rows of columns substantially parallel to said first double row of columns, wherein the axis of each column of larger diameter is orthogonally positioned from a larger-diameter column in an adjacent double row of columns, and wherein the spacing between adjacent double rows is such as to at least substantially minimize interstitial spaces between rows.
RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/172,286, filed Mar. 23, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,185 in the name of Osamu Taki and entitled "MULTI-SHAFT AUGER APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR FIXATION OF SOILS CONTAINING TOXIC WASTES," which patent application is incorporated herein by specific reference.
US Referenced Citations (15)
Foreign Referenced Citations (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
58-29374 |
Jun 1983 |
JPX |
58-29375 |
Jun 1983 |
JPX |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (6)
Entry |
"S. M. W. Machine," Product Brochure of S. M. W. Seiko, Inc. |
"Teno Column Method" Product Brochure of the Tenox Corporation (publication date unknown). |
"Just One of Our Fleet," Product Advertisement (publication date unknown). |
"The Soil Mixing Wall (SMW Technique)-Guidelines for its Design and Implementation," Japanese Materials Institute. |
"In Situ Soil Improvement Techniques, Lime Columns" (dated Mar. 1987). |
Jasperse and Ryan, "Geotech Import: Deep Soil Mixing," Civil Engineering (Dec. 1987), pp. 66-68. |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
172286 |
Mar 1988 |
|