CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
The present application is the U.S. national stage of PCT/CN2011/073554 filed on Apr. 29, 2011, which claims the priority of the Chinese patent application No. 201010162464.4 filed on Apr. 30, 2010, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a kind of blind structure for blocking or guiding light, specifically, relates to a kind of multi-slat combination blind of rotating type.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Louver allows too much sunlight into room near window, resulting in glare near the window and indoor overheat, but insufficient bright at deep room. It is impossible to bright a big office evenly by natural light with commercial blinds available in current market. In sunshine day, sunlight is kept out to reduce the light and heat, which causes office too dark, and artificial lighting has to be used to get bright enough illumination. That results in more energy expense, people's uncomfortableness and lower work efficiency. Therefore, a new kind of sun-shading and light-guiding blind is invented. This invention can anti-glare and prevent overheating as commercial blind, also guide the sunlight into deep room, which makes the room lighted by sunlight evenly, and heated by sunlight in winter to reduce the heating costs.
Generally speaking, sun-shading and light-guide blind may be divided into upper and lower two parts (usually the boundary between upper and lower part takes human-height as benchmark, which is 1.9 m in West and 1.8 m in Asia properly), the louver rotating gradient of these two parts may be dependent or independent. Usually the lower louver may be set as anti-glare and prevention overheating, and the upper louver may be set to import the light into deep room. Besides increasing design cost, this system has a fault—the functions of two parts, anti-glare or guiding light, are defined in advance, therefore cannot be adjusted according to users, seasons and specific lighting condition of workplace.
Indoor illumination condition depends upon not only seasons, sun position, sky condition (cloudy or sunny), but also working condition, such as work types, height, work location, and distance from the window. Obviously, sun-shading and light-guiding blind defined by architects and architectural lighting engineers cannot meet all said requirements but a compromise among them. In addition, the costs of design and blind are increased seriously if different blinds were installed for different situations.
European patent (EP0400662B1) publishes a sun-shading blind, including outside and inside parts. They are linked by rotating shaft; and their activities are controlled by rope respectively. Outside part can block sunlight to outdoor by rotating to special position, and inside part can guide sunlight to deep room if necessary. Based on EP0400662B1, Germany patent (DE29814826U1) introduces artificial fiber hinged film brackets whose shapes are close to each slat's radian shape. Rope can easily control two slats' rotation around hinge. Germany patent (DE10147523A1) makes improvement on the rope control structure based on European patent (EP0400662B1), finding a better rope control structure for blind. However, these patents did not consider the combination blind's transparency, retro-reflection, deflection light guiding and optimal light adjustment according to personalize demands for sunlight.
European patent (EP1212508B1) describes a blind with differently shaped slats, with toothed or smooth surface. The curved slat with teeth and the W-shaped slat showed excellent properties respectively on retro-reflection, light-guiding and transparency. The transparency of W-shaped blind can reach 74%, while that of curved blind with teeth can reach 88%. But these blinds cannot meet the above season changing and specific needs—Blind is demanded to keep higher transparency while low solar elevation angle, and while more sunlight is required to guide into room, the blind has to be close to prevent glare.
German patent (DE10016587A1) introduces V-shaped and W-shaped advertising shutter. Transparency of such fixed shutter is about 56%. It reflects a part of sunlight back to the outdoor space to avoid overheating and glare, and guides some sunlight into deep room to make the whole room illuminated evenly. However such fixed shutter has two problems: 1. sunlight gets into the indoor space when solar elevation angle is lower than 25 degree, incurring glare, hence another scroll window shade should be installed to keep out the sunlight in such case; 2. to guide part of sunlight around some range of solar elevation angle into the indoor space to light up whole room regardless of season or other specific factors may cause the indoor space too bright and overheating.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical problem to be solved by this invention: a kind of multi-V-shaped slats combination blind, which can optimize blocking or guiding sunlight flexibly according to different seasons, weather conditions, and personalized demands, can illuminate room evenly by natural sunlight, avoid glare, avoid overheating in summer, and obtain more solar energy for indoor heating in winter.
The specific techniques in this invention are as follows: A multi-slat combination blind of rotating type consists of main slats and rotating slats. Main slat is composed of the outside part and the inside part, joint section is the edge of the outside part meets that of the inside part at the width direction. The included angle between the outside part and the horizontal plane is γ1, and the included angle between the inside part and the horizontal plane is γ2. The rotating slat is hinged above the main slat, which is driven by the mechanism system.
Two rotating slats as mentioned above wherein the first rotating slat and the second rotating slat are hinged at any position above the main slat.
The cross section of said main slat is symmetrically V-shaped, and the rotating slat is hinged at the bottom of V-shape of the main slat.
The cross section of said main slat is asymmetrically V-shaped. The cross section of said outside part and inside part of the main slat is arc.
The cross section of said main slat, whereof the outside part is plane, and the inside part is arc.
The included angle between said outside part of the main slat and the horizontal plane is −35°≦γ1≦35°, the included angle between said inside part of the main slat and the horizontal plane is −35°≦γ2≦35°. Anticlockwise is positive, and clockwise is negative.
The included angle between said outside part of the main slat and the horizontal plane is, the included angle between said inside part of the main slat and the horizontal plane is 0°≦γ2≦90°. Anticlockwise is positive, and clockwise is negative.
The said multi-slat blind has sun-shading slat that is set under the main slat and may be furled close to the underside of the main slat, and can be spread to block or retro-reflect part of sunlight back to the outdoor space when solar elevation angle is low in winter and summer.
A V-shaped advertising bracket is set at the underside of the main slat, and sun-shading component is installed on the bottom of V-shaped advertising bracket.
The upper side of the main slat is covered by micro-teeth partly or wholly.
The first and the second surfaces of the rotating slat are covered by micro-teeth partly or wholly.
The micro-teeth of the said are retro-reflection teeth, including two adjacent orthogonal surfaces: the first tooth surface and the second tooth surface. The variation range of included angle αH between the second tooth surface, which plays a role of retro-reflecting to sunlight, and the horizontal plane is 90°(βia′+H)/2≦αH≦90°−(βia+H)/2, wherein H is solar elevation angle, βia′ is the included angle between the line, linking any edge on the upper side of the slat and the edge on the outdoor space of the underside of the adjacent upper slat, and the horizontal plane, βia is the included angle between the line, linking any edge on the upper side of the slat and the edge on the outdoor space, and the horizontal plane.
The said micro-teeth are forward or backward teeth, which includes two adjacent orthogonal surfaces: the first and the second tooth surface. The variation range of included angle αH between the second tooth surface, which plays a role of guiding direct light into room, and the horizontal plane is (βic−H)/2≦αH≦(βic′−H)/2, wherein H is solar elevation angle, βic is the included angle between the line, linking any edge on the upper side of a slat and the edge on the indoor space of the slat, and the horizontal plane, βic′ is the included angle between the line, linking any edge on the upper side of a slat and the edge on the indoor space of the underside of the adjacent upper slat, and the horizontal plane.
The uniqueness of the invention: all kinds of blinds—sun-shading and light-guiding system composed of any V-shaped rotating multi-slat, can optimize blocking and guiding sunlight according to different seasons and personalized requirements, can fit different demands for sunlight in summer and winter, can keep high transmission either with high or low solar elevation angle to satisfy people's visual needs—good view through window. Current commercial blinds have to be adjusted frequently according to solar elevation angle changing in daytime while these new sunlight self-adapting blinds only can be operated twice a day, which is benefit for intelligent control. Combine multi-slat blind of rotating type and V-shaped advertising bracket to take the place of traditional advertising curtain wall. Traditional advertising curtain wall blocks light and wind while new designed advertising blind can solve such problem so that room behind it can obtain natural ventilation, good viewing, and sunlight illumination.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
a-FIG. 1c Cross section of symmetrical V-shaped blind, angles and dimensions definition (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35°),
FIG. 2
a-FIG. 2d Schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35° over 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 3
a-FIG. 3d Schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35° below 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 4
a-FIG. 4d Schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of three symmetrical V-shaped slats blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35° over 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 5
a-FIG. 5d Schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of three symmetrical V-shaped slats blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°γ2≦35° below 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 6
a-FIG. 6d Definition of micro-teeth type and tooth face angles on curved surface that retro-reflects and guides sunlight,
FIG. 7
a-FIG. 7d Schematic diagram of two-slat combination blind, symmetrical V-shape (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35°) and asymmetrical V-shape (0≦γ1≦90°, 0≦γ2≦90°),
FIG. 8
a-FIG. 8b Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind,
FIG. 9
a-FIG. 9f Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of two line-shaped (plane) slats combination blind,
FIG. 10
a-FIG. 10b Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of two upside down V-shaped slats combination blind,
FIG. 11
a-FIG. 11c Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of two curved slats combination blind,
FIG. 12
a-FIG. 12c Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of two wave-shaped slats combination blind,
FIG. 13 Type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of three symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind,
FIG. 14
a-FIG. 14d Schematic diagrams of two symmetrical V-shaped (γ1=−5°, γ2=5°) slats combination blind retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter,
FIG. 15
b-FIG. 15d Schematic diagrams of three symmetrical V-shaped (γ1=−5°, γ2=5°) slats combination blind retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter,
FIG. 16
a-FIG. 16f Six kinds of combinations of asymmetrical V-shaped and rotating slats for two-slat combination blind,
FIG. 17
a-FIG. 17c Definition of angles for two asymmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1≦0, γ2≦0),
FIG. 18
a-FIG. 18d Relation between slats, type and distribution of micro-teeth on slats, schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two asymmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−55°, γ2=18° over 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 19
a-FIG. 19d Relation between slats, type and distribution of micro-teeth on slats, schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two asymmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−55°, γ2=18° below 1.8 m above indoor ground) according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 20
a-FIG. 20d Schematic diagrams of two asymmetrical V-shaped (γ1=−55°, γ2=18°) slats combination blind retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter,
FIG. 21
a-FIG. 21c Three kinds of combinations of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind and advertising bracket,
FIG. 22
a-FIG. 22c Definition of angles for symmetrical V-shaped blind (γ1≦0, γ2≦0) with advertising bracket,
FIG. 23
a-FIG. 23d Relation between slats, type and distribution of micro-teeth on slats, schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−18°, γ2=18° over 1.8 m above indoor ground) with advertising bracket (γ1=−55°, γ′2=18° according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 24
a-FIG. 24d Relation between slats, type and distribution of micro-teeth on slats, schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−18°, γ2=18° below 1.8 m above indoor ground) with advertising bracket (γ1=−55°, γ′2=18° according to different solar elevation angle,
FIG. 25
a-FIG. 25d Schematic diagrams of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−18°, γ2=18° with advertising bracket (γ1=−55°, γ′2=18°) retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter,
FIG. 26
a-FIG. 26c Three hinge locations between the sun-shading slat and the main slat,
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the figures and embodiments, the invention is described in detail as follows.
Embodiment 1
FIG. 1 shows cross section (in the width direction) giving definition of geometric shape, angles and dimensions of symmetrical V-shaped blind, wherein L is the width of blind 1, that is horizontal distance between the edge a on the outdoor space and the edge c on the indoor space. Pitch D is the distance between two adjacent slats 1, that is vertical distance between edges c on the indoor space of two adjacent slats. The best ratio between the pitch D and the width L is 0.7, h is vertical distance between the highest edge c and the lowest edge b′ on the slat, and F is the transparency of blind (Γ=1−h/D) shown as hidden-lined arrow in FIG. 1. L1 is the horizontal distance between the edge d on the upper side of the slat (how to select the point is described following) and the edge a on the outdoor space of the slat. L2 is the horizontal distance between the said edge d and the edge c on the indoor space of the slat. βca′ in FIG. 1a is the included angle between the line, linking the edge c on the indoor space of the slat 1 and the edge a′ on the outdoor space of the slat 1, and the horizontal plane. βia′ is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i on the upper side of the slat 1 and the edge a′ on the outdoor space of the adjacent upper slat 1 and the horizontal plane. βia is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i on the upper side of the slat 1 and the edge a on the outdoor space of the slat 1, and the horizontal plane. βix is the included angle between reflected light at any edge i of the slat and the horizontal plane. βic′ in FIG. 1b is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i on the upper side of the slat 1 and the edge c′ on the indoor space of the adjacent upper slat 1, and the horizontal plane. βic is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i on the upper side of the slat 1 and the edge c on the indoor space of the slat 1, and the horizontal plane. βix is the included angle between reflected light at any edge i of the slat and the horizontal plane. βcf in FIG. 1c is the included angle between the line, linking the edge c on the indoor space of the slat 1 and the free edge f of full spread sun-shading component, and the horizontal plane. βif is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i of the slat 1 and the free edge f of full open sun-shading component, and the horizontal plane.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 respectively shows relation between slats and schematic diagrams of action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind with sun-shading slat according to three different solar elevation angle H (H is the included angle between solar incident direction and the horizontal plane). Solar elevation angle is divided into three: in summer is H>βca′ (See FIG. 2b and FIG. 3b), in winter is H>βca′ (See FIG. 2c and FIG. 3c) and in winter & summer is H≦βca′ (See FIG. 2d and FIG. 3d). Referring to FIG. 2, slats are over 1.8 m above indoor ground. FIG. 3 shows slats below 1.8 m above indoor ground, FIG. 3a shows connection between two rotating slats combination blind with sun-shading slat and the surface IDs, FIG. 3b shows sunlight reflection on the slat when solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in summer, i.e. the included angle βix between the reflected light on the slat and the horizontal plane is (βia+H)/2≦βix≦(βia′+H)/2, FIG. 3c shows relationship between the sunlight reflection and the slat when solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in winter, i.e. the included angle βix between the guided light and the horizontal plane is: 90°+(βic−H)/2≦βix≦90°+(βic′−H)/2, FIG. 3d shows relationship between the sunlight and the slat when solar elevation angle is H≦βca′ in winter & summer, i.e. the included angle βix between the reflected light on the outside part of the slat and the horizontal plane is: (βia+H)/2≦βix≦(βif+H)/2, and the included angle βix between the guided light on the inside part of the slat and the horizontal plane is: 90°+(βic−H)/2≦βix≦90°+(βic′−H)/2.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, two symmetrical rotating slats combination blind is composed of the main slat 1, the rotating slat 2, the sun-shading component 4 and the driving system (not shown in figure). The main slat 1 is composed of the outside part 11 and the inside part 12. In this embodiment, widths of two portions 11, 12 are the same, so that the cross section of the main slat is symmetrical V-shaped (along the width direction), whereof the radius is the width of the said edges, γ1 is the included angle between the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane (see FIG. 1a-FIG. 1d), γ2 is the included angle between the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane. The variable range of γ1 and γ2 is respectively −35°≦γ1≦35° and −35°≦γ2≦35°, wherein anticlockwise is positive, clockwise is negative. The upper side of the main slat 1 may be smooth or micro-toothed (smaller saw teeth) (see FIG. 6, FIG. 8 to FIG. 13), and the underside is smooth. The upper side 21 and the underside 22 of the rotating slat 2 may be smooth or micro-toothed. In this embodiment, the main slat 1 can lift up-down but not rotate, and the rotating slat 2 set on the slat 1 is rotating plane slat or curved slat that has the same shape as that of the second or the outside part of the main slat 1, and whose width is equal to its attached second or outside part of the main slat 1. One end of rotating slat 2 is hinged on the main slat 1 at the middle of bottom line of V-shape. When solar elevation angle H is high in summer (H>βca′), the rotating slat 2 is turned backward close to the inside part of the main slat 1, and the sun-shading component 4 is furled. The first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2 and the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 constitute a combination surface, whereon micro-teeth reflect sunlight back to the outdoor space. When solar elevation angle H is high in winter (H>βca′), the rotating slat 2 is turned forward close to the outside part of the main slat 1, and the sun-shading component 4 is furled. The second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 and the outside part 12 of the main slat 1 constitute combination surface, whereon micro-teeth guide sunlight into the indoor space wholly or partly, the rest light is reflected back to the outdoor space. When solar elevation angle H is low in winter and summer (H≦βca′), the rotating slat 2 is turned forward close to the inside part of the main slat 1, and the sun-shading component 4 is spread, part of sunlight is reflected back to the outdoor space. The second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 and the outside part 12 of the main slat 1 constitute combination surface, whereon micro-teeth reflect sunlight to the outdoor space wholly or partly, the rest light is guided to the indoor space.
Referring to FIG. 4-FIG. 5, three symmetrical rotating V-shaped slats combination blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35°) improves the said two-slat combination blind. Comparing to two-slat combination blind, three-slat blind has two rotating slats: the rotating slat 2 and 3, one end of the rotating slat 2 and 3 hinged on the bottom of the V-shaped slat 1. When solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in summer, the rotating slat 2 is turned backward and the rotating slats 2 and 3 are both turned close to the inside part 12 of the main slat 1, meanwhile the sun-shading component 4 is furled, so that the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2 and the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 constitute a surface, micro-teeth on it reflect all sunlight back to the outdoor space. When solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in winter, the rotating slat 3 is turned forward and the rotating slats 2 and 3 are turned close to the outside part 11 of the main slat 1, and the sun-shading component 4 is furled, so that second surface 32 of the rotating slat 3 and the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 constitute a surface, micro-teeth on it guide all light into the indoor space, or guide part into the indoor space and block the rest back to the outdoor space. When solar elevation angle is H≦βca′ in winter and summer, the rotating slat 2 is turned forward, the rotating slat 3 is turned backward, and the sun-shading component 4 is spread to block sunlight, so that the first surface 31 of the rotating slat 3 and the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 constitute a surface, micro-teeth on it guide all sunlight into the indoor space, or guide part into the indoor space and reflect the rest back to the outdoor space.
Sun-shading component 4 may be sun-shading slat 4, and the shape of sun-shading slat 4 is the same as that of the main slat 1. Sun-shading slat 4 may be a rotating plane slat or arc-shaped slat, and its surface is smooth or micro-toothed. Sun-shading slat 4 is installed at any place on the back (i.e. the underside) of the main slat 1.
Referring to FIG. 26, three different locations of the sun-shading slat 4 hinged on three-slat combination blind are the edge on the outdoor space, the middle edge and the edge on the indoor space of the main slat 1, that is to say, sun-shading slat may be located at different locations according to different requirements.
Width of the sun-shading slat 4 is determined by solar elevation angle H=βcf, normally, it is able to block sunlight while H varies from 20° to 35°. If βcf=20° is taken, draw an oblique line passing through the edge c on the indoor space of the slat 1, βcf being the angle with the horizontal plane, then draw a vertical line passing through the edge a′ on the outdoor space of the adjacent upper main slat 1, and these two lines intersect at f. Distance d from a′ to f is the width of cross section of the sun-shading slat 4 (See FIG. 1).
Surface of the sun-shading blind 4 may be smooth or micro-toothed that can retro-reflect light (see FIG. 26).
Micro-teeth on surface of the slat are divided into two: one type is to retro-reflect sunlight, and the other is to guide sunlight. FIG. 6a-FIG. 6d defines micro-teeth types and angles of the slat which retro-reflects and guides sunlight. FIG. 6a is definition of geometry and angles of micro-teeth on arbitrary surface (so called retro-reflection teeth), which play a role of retro-reflecting direct light. FIG. 6b is definition of geometry and angles of micro-teeth (retro-reflection teeth) on arbitrary vertical surface, which play a role of retro-reflecting direct light. FIG. 6c is definition of geometry and angles of micro-teeth (so called forward teeth) on arbitrary surface, which reflect and guide sunlight. FIG. 6d is definition of geometry and angles of micro-teeth (so called backward teeth) on arbitrary surface, which reflect and guide sunlight. Widths p of all kinds of teeth are the same. The first tooth surface 6 and the second tooth surface 5 are adjacent and orthogonal. The included angle αH between the surface 5, reflecting sunlight back to the outdoor space, and the horizontal plane is 90°−(βia′+H)/2≦αH≦90°−(βia+H)/2. The included angle αH between the surface 5, guiding sunlight into the indoor space, and the horizontal plane is (βic−H)/2≦αH≦(βic′−H)/2, wherein H is solar elevation angle. The second tooth surface 5 of retro-reflection teeth reflects sunlight back to the outdoor space directly, or reflects sunlight to the first tooth surface 6 then the surface 6 reflects it to the outdoor space, or on the contrary. So that sunlight is not allowed to convert to heat on the slat that plays a role of sun-shading. It is generally used when solar elevation angle H is high (H>βca′) in summer. The second tooth surface 5 of forward teeth is much wider than the first tooth surface 6, the surface 5 guides sunlight falling on it to the indoor space for illuminating and heating (sunlight will not fall on the first tooth surface 6 generally). Forward tooth is used when solar elevation angle H is high (H>βca′) in winter or solar elevation angle H is low (H≦βca′) in winter & summer. The second tooth surface 5 of backward teeth is much wider than the first tooth surface 6, and these two tooth surfaces play completely different role to sunlight. Part of sunlight is reflected back to the outdoor space by the second tooth surface 5, the rest sunlight is reflected to the first tooth surface 6 then guided into the indoor space by the first tooth surface 6. Backward tooth is used when solar elevation angle H is maximum (H=45°) in winter, so that sunlight will not be reflected to the edge c′ on the indoor space of the adjacent upper slat. To deal with sunlight when solar elevation angles are different in different seasons, the upper side of slat has various types: 1. wholly smooth surface (the edge d is the middle along the width direction of slat), 2. Part of it is smooth surface, the rest is toothed (e.g. the edge on the outdoor space is backward teeth, the edge on the indoor space is smooth, the edge d is junction between the said two parts), 3. Part of it is one kind of micro-teeth, the rest is another different kind of micro-teeth (e.g. the edge on the outdoor space is retro-reflection teeth, the edge on the indoor space is forward teeth, the edge d is junction between the said two parts), 4. Slat is covered by the same kind of micro-teeth (e.g. all are retro-reflection teeth; the edge d is middle along the width direction of the slat).
According to three different solar elevation angle areas, surface of two V-shaped rotating slats combination blind has different micro-teeth (referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3). Surface S is composed of the main slat 1, the rotating slat 2 and 3. Odd subscript of S is for the slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, while even subscript is for the slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground. S1 is composed of the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 located over 1.8 m above indoor ground and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2; S3 composed of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2. S2 is composed of the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 located below 1.8 m above indoor ground and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2; S4 composed of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2. For three V-shaped rotating slats combination blind (referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 5), S1 is composed of the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 located over 1.8 m above indoor ground and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2, S3 composed of the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 and the first surface 31 of the rotating slat 3, S5 composed of the second surface 32 of the rotating slat 3 and the inside part 12 of the main slat 1; S2 is composed of the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 located below 1.8 m above indoor ground and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2, S4 composed of the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 and the first surface 31 of the rotating slat 3, S6 composed of the surface 32 of the rotating slat 3 and the inside part 12 of the main slat 1. For easy description, divide surface S into the outside part and the inside part at the edge d. Second subscript 1 is for the edge on the outdoor space, whose width is L1 measured from the edge a on the outdoor space of the slat. Second subscript 2 is for the inside part, whose width is L2 measured from the edge c on the indoor space of the slat. FIG. 9 shows micro-teeth type and distribution set on plane slat wherein FIG. 9a is toothed slat located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, FIG. 9b is toothed slat located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, FIG. 9c is surface S1 of slat located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, and FIG. 9d is surface S2 of slat located below 1.8 m above indoor ground. Both S1 and S2 are used for solar elevation angle H>βca′ in summer, and covered by retro-reflection teeth. The included angle αH is between the second surface 5 of teeth and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βia′+H)/2, wherein H=βca′. FIG. 9e is surface S3 of the slat which is located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, and is used for solar elevation angle H>βca′ in winter or H≦βca′ in summer and winter. The outside part S31 of the surface S3 has backward teeth, so that sunlight cannot be reflected to the edge on the indoor space c′ of the adjacent upper slat even when solar elevation angle H is maximum (H=45°). The included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 of micro-teeth and the horizontal plane is αH=(βix−H)/2, and (βic−H)/2≦αH≦(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=45°, width L1=0˜L. The inside part S32 is smooth. FIG. 9f is surface S4 of slat which is located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, and is used for solar elevation angle H>βca′ in winter or H≦βca′ in summer & winter. The outside part S41 has retro-reflection teeth. The included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βia+H)/2, wherein H=βcf, width L1=2L/3. The inside part S42 has forward teeth, and the included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=βca′, width L2=L/3, so that reflected light cannot reach the underside of the adjacent upper slat, and the included angle between the guided light and the horizontal plane is larger than 50° when solar elevation angle is 20°≦H≦βca′.
Referring to FIG. 6b, the included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 of retro-reflection teeth laying on the reflective surface of the sun-shading slat 4 and the horizontal plane is 45°.
Not only is main slat 1 V-shaped shown in FIG. 7b, but also its inside part and outside part can be arc-shaped, approximately being V-shaped. Another shape is combination by line-shaped outside part and arc-shaped inside part. FIG. 7 shows different slat shapes of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (−35°≦γ1≦35°, −35°≦γ2≦35°) and the asymmetrical V-shaped (−90°≦γ1≦0°, 0≦γ2≦90°). Comparing to FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b, FIG. 8 to FIG. 12 show the cross section of two V-shaped rotating slats combination blind, type and distribution of micro-teeth according to different solar elevation angle. FIG. 8 is symmetrical V-shape, FIG. 9 is plane slat, FIG. 10 is upside-down V-shape, FIG. 11 is arc-shape, and FIG. 12 is wave-shape. FIG. 8a-FIG. 12a show slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground; FIG. 8b-FIG. 12b show slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground. Micro-teeth on plane slat in FIG. 9 play the same role as that of FIG. 8a-FIG. 12a and FIG. 8b-FIG. 12b as above mentioned.
FIG. 11
c shows the ratio of the choral height h to the choral length L of the arc-shaped slat and, the definition of angle θi between the tangent line passing through any edge i on arc and the horizontal plane. FIG. 12c shows the ratio of the sum of two arcs' choral heights h to the choral length L of wave-shaped combination blind, the definition of the included angle θi between the tangent line passing through any edge i on arc and the horizontal plane. The included angle between the normal line passing through this point and the vertical line is equal to θi.
FIG. 14
a-FIG. 14d respectively show schematic diagram of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind of rotating type retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter, dashed lines mean the incident sunlight and solid lines mean the reflected or guided sunlight. FIG. 14a shows slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, which retro-reflect and guide sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer, FIG. 14b shows slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, which retro-reflect and guide sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer, FIG. 14c show slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, which retro-reflect and guide sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in winter, and FIG. 14d shows slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, which retro-reflect and guide sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in winter. Referring to these figures, two symmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blinds can optimize the control of retro-reflecting and guiding sunlight depending on seasons and personalized specific needs. While solar elevation angle is H≦βca′ (βca+=33°˜35°), blinds can also have high transparency (over 50%), and control the amount of retro-reflecting and guiding of sunlight, so as to satisfy the different demands of sunlight in summer and winter. No mater solar elevation angle is high or low, blinds can provide high transparency to meet people's needs for visual communication with outside scenery. Comparing to recent commercial sun-shading blinds, these blinds are self-adaptive to sunlight, and only need to be handled twice in a day to avoid the trouble of frequently adjusting as time goes by and easy for intelligent controlling (for two-slat with plane, upside-down V-shape, arc-shape and wave-shape, the schematic diagrams of reflecting and guiding light are the same as that of V-shape slat. They are not shown in the figures.). Referring to these figures, while solar elevation angle is H≧βca′ in winter, small part of sunlight is reflected to the edge c′ on the indoor space (horizontal distance L/4 from the edge c on the indoor space) of slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, and results in glare. To get rid of glare, the underside of slat may be frosted or coated to prevented reflection, or the area with width L2=L/4 from the edge c on the indoor space of the underside of the slat is covered by forward or backward teeth, and the included angle between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is −16°≦αH≦3°, enlarging the included angle between the reflected light and the horizontal plane. Alternative suggestion is to add one more rotating slat 3 to two rotating slats combination blind located below 1.8 m above indoor ground to form a three rotating slats combination blind referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 13. FIG. 13 shows type and distribution of micro-teeth on surface of three symmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blind for various solar elevation angles. When solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in summer, the surface S2 composed of the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2 is covered by retro-reflection teeth. The included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βia′+H)/2, wherein H=βca′. When solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in winter, the outside part S61 of the surface S6 composed of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the second surface 32 of the rotating slat 3 is covered by retro-reflection teeth. The included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βia′+H)/2, wherein H=βca′, width L1=2L/3, while the inside part S62 is covered by forward teeth, the included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=45°, width L2=L/3, so that, even when solar elevation angle is βca′<H≦45°, sunlight will not be reflected to area around the edge c′ on the indoor space of the underside of the adjacent upper main slat 1, and the included angle between guided light and the horizontal plane is above 50°. When solar elevation angle is H≦βca′ in winter and summer, the outside part S41 of the combination surface composed of the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2 and the first surface 31 of the rotating slat 3 is covered by retro-reflection teeth, and the included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βif+H)/2, wherein H=βcf, width L1=2L/3, while the inside part S42 is covered by forward teeth, and the included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=βca′, width L2=L/3, so that, even when solar elevation angle is βcf≦H≦βca′, sunlight will not be reflected to area around the edge c′ on the indoor space on the underside of the adjacent upper main slat 1, and the included angle between guided light and the horizontal plane is above 50°. FIG. 15 shows schematic diagrams of three symmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blind retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter, which is located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, wherein FIG. 15b is for summer and FIG. 15d is for winter. Referring to these figures, for two-slat combination blind with sun-shading component, sunlight will not be reflected to area around the edge c′ on the indoor space of the adjacent upper main slat 1 when solar elevation angle is H>βca′ in winter.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 1 shows a symmetric V-shaped main slat 1, i.e. the vertical line passing through the bottom of V-shape is symmetry axis, the second and the outside part are equal width, and the rotating slat 2 is as wide as each portion of the V-shaped main slat; the rotating slat 2 is hinged at the bottom of V-shaped main slat. When main slat is asymmetrical V-shape (rough V-shape), the edge on the outdoor space and the edge on the indoor space of the V-shaped main slat are on the same horizontal plane, and the rotating shaft is not at the bottom of V-shape but any edge on one portion of the slat. FIG. 7c and FIG. 7d show asymmetric V-shaped combination blind with main slat and rotating slat. FIG. 16 shows its specific geometries and FIG. 17-FIG. 19 show combination structures and diagrams of FIG. 16a. FIG. 17 shows definitions of angles for two asymmetrical V-shapes slats combination blind (γ1≦0, γ2≧0), where γ1, is the included angle between the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane, γ2 is the included angle between the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane, and γ1 and γ2 ranges −90°≦γ1≦0° and 0°≦γ2≦90°, anticlockwise is positive and clockwise is negative. βcb′ is the included angle between the line, linking the edge c of the main slat 1 and the V-shape bottom b′ of the adjacent upper main slat 1, and the horizontal plane, βib′ is the included angle between the line, linking any edge i of the main slat 1 and the V-shape bottom b′ of the adjacent upper main slat 1, and the horizontal plane, Lbc is horizontal distance from the edge c on the indoor space of the main slat to the limit edge b of the main slat touched by the free edge of the rotating slat 2 when the rotating slat is turned forward (in this Embodiment, b is the bottom of the V-shaped main slat 1), L1 is the horizontal distance from the edge d of slat to the edge b, and L2 is the horizontal distance from the edge d of the slat to the edge c on the indoor space of the main slat 1. The definitions of other angles—βca′, βia′, βia, βic′, βic, βif are the same as that shown in embodiment 1. FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 shows types and distributions of micro-teeth on slats and schematic diagrams of slats' action and sunlight reflection of two asymmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−55°, γ2=18°) according to different solar elevation angle. FIG. 18 is slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, and FIG. 19 is slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, FIG. 18a and FIG. 19a show the connection between each slat and the surface IDs of two asymmetric V-shaped rotating slats combination blind with sun-shading slat. Referring to FIG. 18b, the combination surface S1 of the slats located over 1.8 m above ground is composed of the half part 121 on the outdoor space of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2. FIG. 19b shows the combination surface S2 of the slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground is composed of the half part 121 on the outdoor space of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the first surface 21 of the rotating slat 2. Both kinds of slats are used for when solar elevation angle is high H>βcb′ in summer, and retro-reflection teeth are set on both. The optimization calculation formula for angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βib′+H)/2, where H=βcb′. FIG. 18c and FIG. 18d show the surface S3 of the slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, which is composed of the half part 122 on the indoor space of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2. The surface S3 is covered by backward teeth, which can reflect and guide sunlight when solar elevation angle is H>βcb′ in winter, and H≦βcb′ in winter and summer, so that sunlight will not be reflected to the underside around the edge c′ on the adjacent upper slat when solar elevation angle H is maximum (H=45°) in winter. Optimization calculation formula of angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 of backward teeth and the horizontal plane is αH=(βix−H)/2, and (βic−H)/2αH≦(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=45°, width L1=Lbc. FIG. 19c and FIG. 19d show the surface S4 of the slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, which is composed of the half part 122 on the indoor space of the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the second surface 22 of the rotating slat 2. The outside part S41 of the surface S4 is covered by retro-reflection teeth, which retro-reflect light when solar elevation angle is H>βcb′ in winter, and Hcb′ in winter and summer. The included angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=90°−(βif+H)/2, wherein H=βcf, width L1=Lbc−L/3. Teeth on the inside part S42 turn from backward teeth to forward teeth gradually, which deflects and guides sunlight into the indoor space when solar elevation angle is H>βcb′ in winter, and H≦βcb′ in winter and summer. Calculation formula of angle αH between the second tooth surface 5 and the horizontal plane is αH=(βIC′−H)/2, wherein H=βca′, width L2=L/3, so that sunlight will not be reflected to the underside around the edge c′ on the indoor space of the adjacent upper slat when solar elevation angle is βcf≦H≦βca′, and the included angle between the guided light and the horizontal plane is larger than 50°.
FIG. 20
a-FIG. 20d show schematic diagrams of two asymmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blind (γ1=−55°, γ2=18°) which retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter. Two asymmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blind is used as advertising curtain wall, resulting in low transparency due to its special requirements, and except this, this embodiment has the same optical function with embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, as an inflectional form, the outside part and the inside part of the V-shaped main slat 1 are arc-shape, which makes the slat be V-shape roughly at the width direction. Another inflectional form is that the outside part of the main slat 1 is plane, and the inside part is arc-shape, which makes the slat be V-shape roughly at the width direction.
Asymmetrical V-shaped advertising bracket is attached to the underside of two asymmetrical V-shaped rotating slats combination blind and the sun-shading component being set at the bottom of the advertising bracket, which fits various requests of advertising wall on blind. FIG. 21 shows three kinds of advertising blind. FIG. 22-FIG. 24 show connections for blind in FIG. 21a. FIG. 22 defines angles of asymmetrical V-shaped blind (γ1≦°, γ2≧0°) with advertising bracket (γ1′≦0°, γ2′≧0°), wherein γ1 is the included angle between the outside part 11 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane, γ1 is the included angle between the inside part 12 of the main slat 1 and the horizontal plane, and the value of γ1 and γ2 is −35°≦γ1≦0°, 0°≦γ2≦35°, wherein anticlockwise is positive, clockwise is negative. γ1′ is the included angle between the outside part 71 of the advertising bracket 7 and the horizontal plane while γ2′ is the included angle between the inside part 72 of the advertising bracket 7 and the horizontal plane, and value of γ1′ and γ2′ is −90°≦γ1′≦0°, 0°≦γ2′≦90°, wherein anticlockwise is positive, clockwise is negative. L1 is the horizontal distance of the edged on the upper side of the slat from the edge a on the outdoor space of the main slat 1, while L2 is the horizontal distance of the edge d from the edge c on the indoor space, and definitions of the other angles—βca′, βcb′, βcf, βib′, βic′, βif are the same as that of embodiment 1. FIG. 23 shows type and distribution of micro-teeth on slats, schematic diagrams of slats' action and sunlight reflection of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−18°, γ2=18°) located over 1.8 m above indoor ground with advertising bracket (γ1=−55°, γ2′=18°) according to different solar elevation angle, while FIG. 24 is for slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, wherein FIG. 23a and FIG. 24a define connection between slats and surface IDs. The combination of surfaces is the same as the embodiment 1, FIG. 23b shows the combination surface S1 of the slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, and FIG. 24b shows the surface S2 of the slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, and both are used for solar elevation angle H>βcb′ in summer. The surfaces S1 and S2 are covered by retro-reflection teeth, and calculation formula for angle αH optimum value is αH=90°−(βib′+H)/2, wherein αH is the included angle between the second tooth surface 5 of retro-reflection teeth and the horizontal plane, wherein H=βcb′. Referring to FIG. 23c and FIG. 23d, the surface S3 of the slats located over 1.8 m above indoor ground, is used for solar elevation angle H>βcb′ in winter or H≦βcb′ in winter and summer, while the inside part and the outside part of S3 are covered by forward teeth and backward teeth. When solar elevation angle H=βcf, sunlight will not be reflected to the inside part S32, and when H=45°, sunlight will not be reflected to area around the edge c′ on the indoor space of the underside of the adjacent upper main slat. Calculation formula for angle αH optimum value is αH=(βix−H)/2, and (βic−H)/2≦αH≦(βic′−H)/2, wherein αH is the included angle between the second tooth surface 5 of retro-reflection teeth and the horizontal plane, and H=45°, width L1=L. Referring to FIG. 24c and FIG. 24d, the surface S4 of the slats located below 1.8 m above indoor ground, is used for solar elevation angle H>βcb′ in winter or H≦βcb′ in winter and summer. The outside part S41 is covered by retro-reflective teeth. Calculation formula for angle αH optimum value is αH=90°−(βif+H)/2, wherein H=βcf, width L1=2L/3. The inside part S42 is covered by backward teeth. Calculation formula for angle αH optimum value is αH=(βic′−H)/2, wherein H=βca′, width L2=L/3, so that the reflected light cannot reach the underside of the adjacent upper slat, and the included angle between the guided light and the horizontal plane is larger than 50° when solar elevation angle is βcf≦H≦βcb′.
FIG. 25
a-FIG. 25d shows schematic diagrams of two symmetrical V-shaped slats combination blind (γ1=−18°, γ2=18°) with advertising bracket (γ1=−55°, γ2=18°) retro-reflects and guides sunlight according to different solar elevation angle H in summer and winter. Referring to the figure, blind retro-reflects sunlight back to the outdoor space to avoid overheating and glare in summer, and guides sunlight into deep room to illuminate whole room so as to get uniform luminance in winter. When solar elevation angle is H≦βcb′, the sun-shading component is spread to block part of sunlight that can cause glare, meanwhile, part of sunlight is guided into the indoor space for lighting.
Said embodiment is optimized one not only one of recent invention. For technician in this field, some improvements or modifies basing the principle of this invention should be under the protection range of this invention.
Patent Grant
9163452
