The invention is generally in the field of ballistic munitions such as missiles, artillery rounds, etc.
A disclosed multi-warhead munition supports a variety of configurations and provides for flexible use against a variety of targets. The munition may utilize a warhead of the general type described in US patent application publication US20150033971 entitled “Warhead having Selectable Axial Effects,” providing significant additional/alternative effects and enabling one munition to defeat a variety of different targets by taking on different geometries.
US20150033971 describes a cylindrical explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead which is split into longitudinal sub-warheads or segments having essentially wedge-shaped cross-sections. There is also a central, conical warhead affixed to the EFP liner. The longitudinal, wedge-shaped segments are attached/hinged at the forward end of the EFP warhead and are free to rotate outward under the proper conditions. While in the initial, stowed geometry the longitudinal segments together form a cylindrical fragmentation warhead. Upon detonation these segments create a radially-outward moving cylindrical-shaped cloud of anti-personnel or anti-material fragments. When commanded, the longitudinal segments rotate outward to about 90 degrees so that they are orthogonal to the missile axis and the fragments generated by the segments are projected forwardly.
In one aspect of the present invention, segments of a transformable warhead are rotated less than or more than 90 degrees. In particular, with simultaneous detonation of a set of identical, symmetrically arranged segments (e.g., four segments) rotated to about 135 degrees, for example, a forward moving cloud of fragments is created as well as a forward-moving, higher velocity jet of fragment material. The tip velocity of the jet of fragment material may be 2 to 3 times the fragment launch velocity. This may be similar to jetting observed in conical-lined, shaped charge warheads. The jet may have the capability to penetrate hardened targets such as rolled homogeneous armor (RHA). The jet produced by such a warhead could also serve as a precursor to an EFP slug or jet produced by a separate (aft) warhead of a multi-warhead munition.
One practical application might be to clear a path through explosive reactive armor (ERA) when attacking an armored vehicle from a short standoff distance. The jet or EFP slug of the aft warhead follows a precursor jet created by the transformable warhead, which has cleared the ERA from the path of the attacking penetrator. Many other warhead variants are possible. The EFP warhead could have a standard geometry, and the transformable warhead with the segments in a folded (non-articulated) position could function as a full cylindrical fragmenting warhead located in front of the EFP. Against area targets (personnel in the open) the segments may not be rotated outward but rather detonated in place to create a radially expanding cylindrical cloud of fragments. Against a light vehicle (point target) the segments can be rotated to 90 degrees and detonated a short distance from the vehicle. For a small group of targets the segments could be rotated to only 60 degrees, for example, to obtain wider coverage. For a concrete building target the segments might be rotated to 125 degrees to form a large diameter jet and slug combination to perforate the wall and produce some spallation effects, with the EFP or shaped charge aft warhead also being detonated to create follow-through effects. Against an armored target the longitudinal warheads could be rotated to 150 degrees to create a higher velocity jet for clearing the ERA as described above.
Even in the absence of an aft EFP warhead, the cylindrical array of wedge-shaped cross-section, longitudinal warhead segments of a transformable warhead could be effective against a spectrum of targets. The warhead segments may include fragmenting liners that may be naturally fragmenting (smooth steel or other metal without notches) or they may be notched to form uniform size fragments when used in the anti-personnel or anti-material mode. The fragmenting liners could be circular arcs with uniform thickness or some more complicated geometry. One approach might be a small EFP cross-section to make a linear EFP (LEFP) from the center of the liner and make fragments from arc—shaped liner sections on either side. This would create a more massive jet from the four warheads as the four LEFPs interact along the missile axis. An additional smaller caliber follow-through thermobaric warhead could also be incorporated as the rear-most warhead of a series of 3 warhead types (transformable, shaped charge and thermobaric) on a single missile.
One advantage of the presently disclosed munition is providing more flexible use of a single weapon. Previously, a number of different warheads and or missiles were needed for different target types. For example, a known lightweight, shoulder-fired missile has an array of six different warheads to be used on six different types of targets. The disclosed munition can potentially reduce this to a single large shaped charge plus a single transformable warhead which can be adjusted to the target being attacked. In a military setting, the munition might be deployed in shoulder-fired, crew launched and aircraft-launched missiles. It could also be used in both military and commercial demolition.
Now more particularly, a multi-warhead munition is disclosed that includes:
In one embodiment, the second cylindrical warhead is disposed axially forward of the first cylindrical warhead. In this arrangement, the segments of the second cylindrical warhead may be mounted for rotation by a rotation angle greater than 90 degrees toward a focal region at which each of the segment faces is pointed, the focal region located on the axis of the munition at a forward end of the second cylindrical warhead. The rotation angle may be in a range between 105 degrees and 170 degrees. The first and second detonators may be co-configured to detonate the second cylindrical warhead before the first cylindrical warhead.
Also in such an embodiment, the second cylindrical warhead may be configurable into a plurality of deployment configurations including a folded configuration and an open configuration, the open configuration having the segments rotated away from the axis of the munition by the rotation angle of greater than 90 degrees, the folded configuration having the segments extending parallel to the axis of the munition with the segment faces pointed radially away from the axis of the munition for detonation. The open configuration may be a first open configuration and the rotation angle of greater than 90 degrees a first rotation angle, and the deployment configurations may further include a second open configuration having the segments rotated away from the axis of the munition by a second rotation angle of substantially 90 degrees for detonation. Further, there may be two variants of the first open configuration, a first variant having the first and second detonators configured and operative to simultaneously detonate the first cylindrical warhead and the segments of the second cylindrical warhead, and a second variant having the first and second detonators configured and operative to detonate the segments of the second cylindrical warhead before detonating the first cylindrical warhead.
The segments of the second warhead may include rotating segments as well as non-rotating segments extending parallel to the axis of the munition with segment faces pointed radially away from the axis of the munition for detonation. In this case the second cylindrical warhead may be configurable into a plurality of deployment configurations including first and second configurations, the first configuration having the second detonators configured and operative to detonate the rotating and non-rotating segments simultaneously, the second configuration having the second detonators configured and operative to detonate the rotating segments without detonating the non-rotating segments.
The multi-warhead munition may further include a nose member to which the segments are hingedly attached for rotation. The segments may be spaced from a point of hinged attachment to become spaced from the nose member in the open position to locate the focal region ahead of the nose member.
In another type of embodiment, the multi-warhead munition may further include a third cylindrical warhead axially displaced from the first and second cylindrical warheads. The second cylindrical warhead may be located forward of both the first and third cylindrical warheads. In one specific arrangement, the first cylindrical warhead is a shaped charge warhead located aft of the second cylindrical warhead, and the third cylindrical warhead is a thermobaric warhead located aft of the first cylindrical warhead.
In another type of embodiment, the second cylindrical warhead is located aft of the first cylindrical warhead, and the segments of the second cylindrical warhead are mounted for rotation by a rotation angle no more than 90 degrees. The first cylindrical warhead may be a shaped charge.
In some embodiments, the segment faces may include a respective elongated liner configured to form a penetrating slug upon detonation of the segment.
Also in some embodiments, the segments may be linear segments with wedge-shaped cross sections having respective interior apexes facing the axis of the munition when the segments are in a folded, non-rotated position.
In another aspect, a method is disclosed of engaging a target with a multi-warhead munition including a cylindrical shaped charge warhead aft of a cylindrical transformable warhead. The method includes:
delivering the munition with selected configuration to the target for detonation.
The selecting may be performed prior to launch of the munition from a vehicle. The munition may include target acquisition electronic circuitry operative to automatically perform the classifying and selecting during delivery of the munition to the target.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views.
Each warhead 12, 14 generally includes one or more cavities packed with high explosive that is detonated to produce designed-for effects. The munition 10 generally includes some type of detonation control (DET CNTL) 18 responsible for initiating detonation of the warheads 12, 14 at a desired time. In some cases the warheads 12, 14 may be detonated simultaneously, while in other cases there may be a slight delay between them to establish a desired sequence. Higher-level control, such as the timing of detonation relative to proximity to a target, may be established upon launch or other deployment of the munition 10, or it may be performed more autonomously by the munition 10 itself based on machine awareness. Examples are given below. Apparatus and methods for detonation are generally known and are not elaborated herein.
In the open or deployed position of
The munition 30 has the capability to transform its geometry in order to effectively attack any of several different target types. In its folded or stowed configuration, the munition 30 acts as a traditional sidewall fragmentation bomb. The warhead casings produce fragments that are distributed in a radial/lateral direction. This may be ideal for area targets such as dismounted personnel.
Thus the transformable warhead 14 has the ability to transform from a weapon with efficient area-target fragmentation effects, to one that directs all that fragmentation in the forward direction onto a point target, or to one that can penetrate medium armor, reactive armor, or structures. Segment rotation in a range of about 105 to 130 degrees produces what might be called a stretchy EFP or a very wide angle shaped charge. From about 130 degrees to about 145 degrees, a wide angle shaped charge is obtained, and a more conventional shaped charge is obtained from about 145 degrees to about 170 degrees. Thus, for different applications, rotation somewhere in the range of about 105 degrees to about 170 degrees gives practical jetting creating either an EFP or a shaped charge.
It will be appreciated that there will be an effect on missile dynamics of rotating the warhead segments 26 into the airstream. One way to reduce the aerodynamic load is to make each of the rotating segments 26 smaller in width than a full quadrant (90 degrees) of the initial cylindrical warhead 14. Reducing the segments from 90 degrees to 45 degrees can serve several useful purposes. The number of segments can be increased to eight, with four being rotating and four being non-rotating. The aerodynamic load may be cut approximately in half. The non-rotating segments can be firmly attached to the missile and provide a structure for the hinges for the rotating segments. Fragments from the non-rotating segments provide radial area coverage to increase lethality against widely dispersed ground targets, while still allowing forward focused fragmentation in one of the warhead modes. For hard target (tank) attack, the non-rotating segments may not be detonated because they could interfere with the main shaped charge.
In Mode 1, the transformable warhead 14 remains in the closed or stowed position. This configuration is intended to attack dispersed ground targets in an area coverage mode. In operation, a missile carrying the munition dives vertically until the proper altitude above ground level is reached, at which time all the segments 26 are detonated simultaneously to create a hail of fragments traveling radially outward. The main shaped charge 12 may have a slight delay. The main shaped charge jet is firing forward through the detonation products from the eight warhead segments 26, which tends to disperse the main shaped charge jet into a cloud of copper and other metal fragments in the downward direction.
Mode 2 in
Mode 3 in
Mode 4 in
Initiation trains for the transformable warhead 14 may consist of four equal lengths of deta-cord for the four non-rotating warhead segments 26-NR and another four equal lengths of deta-cord for the four rotatable warhead segments 26-R. Each set of four may have its own detonator/booster arrangement to insure initiation of the deta-cord. At the terminus of the deta-cord inside the warhead segment may be another booster to reliably initiate the segment's explosive charge. The main shaped charge 12 has its own detonator, so the system has a total of 3 detonators. The airbag (described more below) will also have an initiator. As an alternative, low energy exploding foil initiators (LEEFIs) can be used to detonate the individual warhead segments 26. LEEFIs may actually allow more flexibility in the number of modes of operation. This may allow asymmetric warhead configurations, for example, which could aim the rotatable segments 26-R based on exact target locations.
The fixed warhead segments F may be stiff and attached to endplates (not shown) as well as to the perforated tube 42 through which the airbag lobes push the rotatable warhead segments R to deploy them. The rotatable warhead segments R may be wider or narrower than the fixed warhead segments F, but should be identical among themselves to create the jet.
The transformable warhead structure could be fabricated from steel or possibly aluminum but needs to have a high strength-to-weight ratio. A single airbag 40 having four lobes may be a good choice since the pressure history in each interconnected lobe should be similar thereby making the rotation of each warhead segment R similar. This is adequate for the 90 degree forward fragmentation function (light vehicle attack). For medium or heavy armor attack, the warhead segments need to be further rotated (e.g., to 135 degrees) and aligned to create the jetting. Sufficient time for the full rotation of all the segments can be allowed since the segments will reach a stop and continue to be pushed (held) against the stops by the high pressure in the airbag 40.
At 80, the target is classified as one of an area target, a point-and-area target, a hardened-point-and-area target, and a hardened-point target.
At 82, a configuration of the transformable warhead is selected based on the classification of the target, including:
At 84, the munition with the selected configuration is delivered to the target for detonation.
While various embodiments of the invention have been particularly shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62256815 | Nov 2015 | US |