Claims
- 1. A frequency selective surface, comprising:
a pattern of electromagnetic material formed on a substrate suspendable over a ground plane for reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves at one or more particular frequencies; one or more meandering line inductors and/or one or more interdigitated capacitors formed within the pattern of electromagnetic materials for adjusting the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted.
- 2. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic waves propagate in free space or are surface currents or transmission line currents.
- 3. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the pattern of electromagnetic materials and the meandering line inductors and/or interdigitated capacitors affect a phase of at least one electromagnetic wave that is reflected or transmitted.
- 4. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a periodic design.
- 5. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a space-saving design.
- 6. The frequency elective surface of claim 1, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged within one or more cells in a space-saving design.
- 7. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic waves are caused to be reflected or transmitted at multiple frequencies by distributed or parasitic effects in the inductors and/or the capacitors.
- 8. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the inductors and/or the capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and distributed or parasitic effects in the inductors and/or the capacitors cause each cell to reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies.
- 9. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein multiple inductors and/or multiple capacitors are included in cells, such that each cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies.
- 10. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein inductance values and capacitance values are adjusted by varying the geometries of the inductors and capacitors, respectively.
- 11. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in cells, and the cells are arranged in clusters.
- 12. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein within each cluster, at least one cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency that is different from at least one other frequency at which at least one other cell within the same cluster reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves.
- 13. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern in rows and columns such that each row and each column has at least one cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency and at least one other cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one different frequency.
- 14. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern such that cells that reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at each different frequency are evenly distributed across a surface of the pattern.
- 15. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein a frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material.
- 16. The frequency selective surface of claim 15, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in cells within the electromagnetic pattern, and the frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted for each individual cell is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material within the cell. different from at least one other frequency at which at least one other cell within the same cluster reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves.
- 13. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern in rows and columns such that each row and each column has at least one cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency and at least one other cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one different frequency.
- 14. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern such that cells that reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at each different frequency are evenly distributed across a surface of the pattern.
- 15. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein a frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material.
- 16. The frequency selective surface of claim 15, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in cells within the electromagnetic pattern, and the frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted for each individual cell is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material within the cell.
- 17. The frequency selective surface of claim 15, wherein the magnetic and/or dielectric materials are intermixed to cause multiband or wide-band reflection or transmission of the electromagnetic waves.
- 18. The frequency selective surface of claim 11, wherein an array of cells that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at different frequencies is created by applying an array of same dielectric material of different dimensions to the capacitors and/or an array of same permeability material of different dimensions to the inductors.
- 19. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective surface includes multiple layers, at least one layer of the multiple layers having a pattern of electromagnetic material with meandering line inductors and/or interdigitated capacitors formed on a substrate therein, and wherein the multiple layers are stacked together to cause the electromagnetic waves to be reflected, or transmitted at multiple frequencies.
- 20. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the meandering line inductors and/or the interdigitated capacitors are arranged in a self-similar pattern, a pseudo self-similar pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern.
- 21. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the ground plane includes a self-similar pattern, a pseudo self-similar pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern of electromagnetic materials.
- 22. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective surface prevents unwanted escape of some electromagnetic waves from the substrate while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 23. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective surface is formed in an area of a printed circuit board at which cables are attached to block some unwanted electromagnetic waves from escaping onto the cables while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 24. The frequency selective surface of claim 1, wherein the frequency selective surface is used in conjunction with an antenna.
- 25. A frequency selective surface, comprising:
a pattern of electromagnetic materials formed on a substrate suspendable over a ground plane to reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at one or more frequencies; and one or more inductors and/or one or more capacitors arranged in series within the pattern of electromagnetic materials to adjust the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted.
- 26. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the electromagnetic waves propagate in free space or are surface currents or transmission line currents.
- 27. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the pattern of electromagnetic materials and the meandering line inductors and/or interdigitated capacitors affect a phase of at least one electromagnetic wave that is reflected or transmitted.
- 28. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a periodic design.
- 29. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a space-saving design.
- 30. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged within one or more cells in a space-saving design.
- 31. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the electromagnetic waves are caused to be reflected or transmitted at multiple frequencies by distributed or parasitic effects in the inductors and/or the capacitors.
- 32. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or the capacitors are arranged in one or more cells, and distributed or parasitic effects in the inductors and/or the capacitors cause each cell to reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies.
- 33. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein multiple inductors and/or multiple capacitors are included in cells, such that each cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies.
- 34. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein inductance values and capacitance values are adjusted by varying the geometries of the inductors and capacitors, respectively.
- 35. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in cells, and the cells are arranged in clusters.
- 36. The frequency selective surface of claim 35, wherein within each cluster, at least one cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency that is different from at least one other frequency at which at least one other cell within the same cluster reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves.
- 37. The frequency selective surface of claim 35, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern in rows and columns such that each row and each column has at least one cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency and at least one other cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one different frequency.
- 38. The frequency selective surface of claim 35, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern such that cells that reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at each different frequency are evenly distributed across a surface of the pattern.
- 39. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein a frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material.
- 40. The frequency selective surface of claim 39, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged in cells within the electromagnetic pattern, and the frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted for each individual cell is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material within the cell.
- 41. The frequency selective surface of claim 39, wherein the magnetic and/or dielectric materials are intermixed to cause multiband or wide-band reflection or transmission of the electromagnetic waves.
- 42. The frequency selective surface of claim 35, wherein an array of cells that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at different frequencies is created by applying an array of same dielectric material of different dimensions to the capacitors and/or an array of same permeability material of different dimensions to the inductors.
- 43. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the frequency selective surface includes multiple layers, at least one layer of the multiple layers having a pattern of electromagnetic material with meandering line inductors and/or interdigitated capacitors formed on a substrate therein, and wherein the multiple layers are stacked together to cause the electromagnetic waves to be reflected, or transmitted at multiple frequencies.
- 44. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the meandering line inductors and/or the interdigitated capacitors are arranged in a self-similar pattern, a pseudo self-similar pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern.
- 45. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the ground plane includes a self-similar pattern, a pseudo self-similar pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern of electromagnetic materials.
- 46. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the inductors and/or the capacitors are arranged in a self-similar, a pseudo self-similar pattern, a meandering pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern.
- 47. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the frequency selective surface prevents unwanted escape of some electromagnetic waves from the substrate while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 48. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the frequency selective surface is formed in an area of a printed circuit board at which cables are attached to block some unwanted electromagnetic waves from escaping onto the cables while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 49. The frequency selective surface of claim 25, wherein the frequency selective surface is used in conjunction with an antenna.
- 50. A frequency selective surface, comprising:
a pattern of electromagnetic materials formed within a substrate suspendable over a ground plane to reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at one or more frequencies, wherein the pattern is arranged in such a manner that the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted are tunable.
- 51. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagnetic waves propagate in free space or are surface currents or transmission line currents.
- 52. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the pattern of electromagnetic materials affects a phase of at least one electromagnetic wave that is reflected or transmitted.
- 53. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagnetic pattern is arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a periodic design.
- 54. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagnetic pattern is arranged in one or more cells, and the cells are arranged within the frequency selective surface in a space-saving design.
- 55. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagnetic pattern is arranged in one or more cells, and each cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies.
- 56. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagentic pattern is arranged in cells, and the cells are arranged in clusters.
- 57. The frequency selective surface of claim 56, wherein within each cluster, at least one cell reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency that is different from at least one other frequency at which at least one other cell within the same cluster reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves.
- 58. The frequency selective surface of claim 56, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern in rows and columns such that each row and each column has at least one cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one frequency and at least one other cell that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at at least one different frequency.
- 59. The frequency selective surface of claim 56, wherein the clusters are arranged in the electromagnetic pattern such that cells that reflect or transmit electromagnetic waves at each different frequency are evenly distributed across a surface of the pattern.
- 60. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein a frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material.
- 61. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the electromagnetic pattern is arranged in cells, and the frequency at which electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted for each individual cell is adjusted by applying magnetic and/or dielectric material on either side or both sides of the pattern of electromagnetic material within the cell.
- 62. The frequency selective surface of claim 60, wherein the magnetic and/or dielectric materials are intermixed to cause multiband or wide-band reflection or transmission of the electromagnetic waves.
- 63. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the frequency selective surface includes multiple layers, at least one layer of the multiple layers having a pattern of electromagnetic material formed on a substrate therein, and wherein the multiple layers are stacked together to cause the electromagnetic waves to be reflected, or transmitted at multiple frequencies.
- 64. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the ground plane includes a self-similar pattern, pseudo self-similar pattern, or stochastic, substantially random pattern of electromagnetic materials.
- 65. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the pattern of electromagnetic materials is formed on a substrate that is tunable.
- 66. The frequency selective surface of claim 65, wherein the substrate is tuned by applying an electric or magnetic field.
- 67. The frequency selective surface of claim 65, wherein the substrate is tuned by applying an AC or DC bias voltage or current.
- 68. The frequency selective surface of claim 65, wherein the substrate includes a field tunable dielectric and/or magnetic material.
- 69. The frequency selective surface of claim 68, wherein the dielectric is tuned by applying a bias current or voltage to change the dielectric constant of the dielectric and/or the magnetic material is tuned by applying a bias current or voltage to change the permeability of the magnetic material.
- 70. The frequency selective surface of claim 65, wherein the field tunable dielectric includes barium strontium titanate.
- 71. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, further comprising one or more tunable meandering-line inductors or interdigitated capacitors arranged within the pattern of electromagnetic material.
- 72. The frequency selective surface of claim 71, wherein the inductors and/or capacitors are arranged within one or more cells in a space-saving design.
- 73. The frequency selective surface of claim 71, wherein an array of cells that reflects or transmits electromagnetic waves at different frequencies is created by applying an array of same dielectric material of different dimensions to the capacitors and/or an array of same permeability material of different dimensions to the inductors.
- 74. The frequency selective surface of claim 71, wherein the meandering line inductors and/or the interdigitated capacitors are arranged in a self-similar pattern, pseudo self-similar pattern, or a stochastic, substantially random pattern.
- 75. The frequency selective surface of claim 71, wherein inductance values and capacitance values are adjusted by varying the geometries of the inductors and capacitors, respectively.
- 76. The frequency selective surface of claim 71, wherein inductance is changed by opening or shorting circuiting an inductance changing path of the line inductors, and capacitance is changed by connecting or disconnecting fingers of the interdigitated capacitors.
- 77. The frequency selective surface of claim 76, further comprising one or more diodes and/or transistors for opening or short circuiting the inductance changing path and/or for connecting or disconnecting the fingers of the interdigitated capacitors.
- 78. The frequency selective surface of claim 76, further comprising an optically activated device for opening or short circuiting the inductance changing path and/or for connecting or disconnecting the fingers of the interdigitated capacitors.
- 79. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the frequency selective surface is connected to an antenna to enable beam steering and/or focusing.
- 80. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, further comprising one or more active or passive loads.
- 81. The frequency selective surface of claim 80, wherein the active loads contain negative resistors, negative inductors, and/or negative capacitors.
- 82. The frequency selective surface of claim 80, wherein the active loads contain tunable elements such that the operating frequency of the FSS may be adjusted.
- 83. The frequency selective surface of claim 80, wherein the active load may be used to allow amplification of an incident radio frequency wave or amplification of an outgoing wave when used in conjunction with an antenna, used to generate RF energy, or used scatter incident radio frequency energy, with or without tunability.
- 84. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the frequency selective surface prevents unwanted escape of some electromagnetic waves from the substrate while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 85. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the frequency selective surface is formed in an area of a printed circuit board at which cables are attached to block some unwanted electromagnetic waves from escaping onto the cables while allowing electromagnetic waves at particular frequencies to escape.
- 86. The frequency selective surface of claim 50, wherein the frequency selective surface is used in conjunction with an antenna.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/072,739 filed on Feb. 8, 2002, which itself claims priority from commonly assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/267,146, filed on Feb. 8, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/349,185, filed on Jan. 15, 2002. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, this application is a Continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/188,909 filed on Jul. 3, 2002, which itself claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/302,375 filed Jul. 3, 2001. These applications are also hereby incorporated by reference. Also, this application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/333,702 filed on Nov. 27, 2002 and hereby incorporated by reference.
Provisional Applications (4)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60267146 |
Feb 2001 |
US |
|
60349185 |
Jan 2002 |
US |
|
60302375 |
Jul 2001 |
US |
|
60333702 |
Nov 2001 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
10072739 |
Feb 2002 |
US |
Child |
10305793 |
Nov 2002 |
US |