Patent Application
20210144360
The invention relates to the field of personal display devices. More specifically, the invention relates to a multifocal display system and method, in particular an image transmission device and an image reception device of a multifocal display system.
Personal display devices make it possible to provide image content to a viewer in applications where the use of conventional display screens would be an encumbrance. Head-mounted display (HMD) devices (also referred to as near-eye display (NED) or near-to-eye (NTE) devices), such as display goggles, are being considered as a useful type of wearable personal display device usable in a variety of fields, with applications ranging from military, medical, dental, industrial, and game presentation, among others. For many of these applications it can be advantageous to have a three-dimensional (3D) or stereoscopic display. However, stereoscopic displays conventionally suffer from mismatched convergence and accommodation cues. This conflict hinders visual performance and causes visual fatigue.
Multifocal displays (MFDs) are one approach that has attempted to address the convergence-accommodation conflict. MFDs typically use rapid temporal (i.e., time multiplexed) and focal modulation of a series of 2-dimensional (2D) images to render 3D scenes. This series of images is typically focused at parallel planes positioned at different, discrete distances from the viewer. The number of focal planes directly affects the viewers' eye accommodation and 3D perception quality of a displayed scene.
Usually, in conventional MFDs the series of 2-dimensional (2D) images is provided from an image generator to an image display controller for displaying the images at different focal planes. In the absence of any transmission errors, where the images are not exposed to any kind of error sources between the image generator (i.e., the source of the images) and the image display controller, those images can be displayed properly. If, however, the transmission channel is imperfect, the images may be corrupted or lost, and the image quality will suffer substantially.
Thus, there is a need for improved multifocal display devices and methods allowing a better handling of image sequences affected by transmission errors.
Illustrative examples according to the disclosure are defined by the features of the independent claims, and further advantageous implementations of the embodiments by the features of the dependent claims.
Generally, illustrative examples of the disclosure are based on the idea to apply an error concealment scheme to the images in a time-multiplexed MFD system. Once the error concealment scheme has been applied, any further conventional error concealment method can be applied. According to embodiments of the invention the error concealment is implemented by partitioning the image area for each focal plane and combining the image parts corresponding to all focal planes (depths) into one composite image frame to be transmitted. The partitioning may be arbitrary and based on several aspects such as the depth maps. In this way, each transmitted image contains image parts coming from (preferably) all different focal plane images. In other words, each focal plane image is distributed across several transmitted image frames.
As used herein, when referring to a first image and a second image which have the same size and shape, the statement that a portion of the first image and a portion of the second image are “corresponding portions” or that they “correspond to each other” means that the two image portions overlap each other when the two images are stacked atop each other. In other words, corresponding portions of different images are identical in size, shape and position within the respective image.
More specifically, according to a first aspect the disclosure relates to an image transmission device, i.e., an image source of a multifocal display system for transmitting a set of N composite images based on a set of N primary images to an image reception device, in particular a display controller of the multifocal display system with N greater than or equal 2. Each of the N primary images has a focus distance associated with it. The image transmission device comprises: processing circuitry configured to partition each of the N primary images into a plurality of image portions and to generate the N composite images by placing each image portion of each of the N primary images into one of the N composite images such that each of the N composite images comprises image portions from two or more of the N primary images; and a communication interface configured to transmit the N composite images to the image reception device.
In other words, the content of the N primary images is distributed over the N composite images. When no composite image is lost or corrupted, the set of composite images available to the image reception device will comprise the N composite images provided by the image transmission device (and thus the whole image content of the N primary images). The image reception device can then reconstruct the N primary images from the N available composite images exactly (i.e., with no loss in image quality). When one or more composite images are lost or corrupted (e.g., in the course of transmitting them to the image reception device), these lost or corrupted composite images will not be available for reconstructing the primary images. In other words, they are not included in the set of composite images available to the image reception device. In this case, i.e., when the set of composite images available to the image reception device comprises one or more but not all of the N composite images send by the image transmission device, the image reception device can reconstruct the N primary images from the set of available composite images in an approximate manner, e.g., by inter- or extrapolation.
Thus, illustrative examples of the disclosure provide an error concealment scheme, where images are modified in such a way that when the image sequence is sent, artifacts in the rendered image that are caused by transmission channel errors will be less noticeable. Advantageously, compared to conventional schemes a much smaller artifact can be observed when an error corrupts one of the images in the sequence.
In an illustrative example, the image portions of the N primary images are placed into the composite images such that each composite image comprises image portions from all the N primary images. This minimizes the loss in image quality when one of the composite images is lost or corrupted.
In an illustrative example, the N primary images are identical in size and shape. This facilitates transforming the N primary images into the N composite images and transforming the N composite images back into the N primary images.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the processing circuitry is configured to place any two image portions of any one of the N primary images into different composite images if the two image portions are adjoining image portions. In other words, adjoining image portions of a primary image can be placed into different composite images. Two image portions are considered adjoining if they share a common boundary. Two image portions which share merely a point (e.g., a corner point) are not considered adjoining. Thus, if one the two image portions is lost or corrupted (e.g., due to loss or corruption of the composite frame which contains this image portion), the other image portion can be reconstructed by inter- or extrapolation of neighboring image portions contained in composite frames that have not been lost.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the communication interface is configured to transmit the N composite images in a predefined sequence to the image reception device. Advantageously, this allows the image reception device to identify each composite image based on the position of that composite image in the received sequence of composite images, and no further information for distinguishing the composite images from each other needs to be provided to the image reception device. In an embodiment, the N primary images are images of a video frame, the video frame is an element of a sequence of video frames, and the predefined sequence is the same in every frame of the sequence of video frames.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the processing circuitry is configured to place any two corresponding image portions of any two of the N primary images into different composite images. This facilitates reconstruction of the primary images by the image reception device when the set of composite images available to the image reception device is incomplete (i.e., when not all of the N composite images have been received by the image reception device).
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the N primary images are identical in size and shape, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to partition the N primary images into image portions in the same manner. In other words, the geometrical layout of image portions can be the same in each of the N primary images. Each image portion of each of the N composite images can thus be filled with the corresponding image portion of one of the N primary images.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the processing circuitry is configured to place each image portion of each of the primary images at the same position within the composite image as in the primary image. Thus a simple and efficient transformation from primary to composite images is provided.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the image portions of the N primary images have a rectangular or quadratic shape.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the image portions of the N primary images are pixels.
In a further possible implementation form of the first aspect, the N primary images are images of a video frame. It is understood that the video frame is part of a sequence of video frames. The sequence of video frames provides an animated picture (i.e., a moving picture).
According to a second aspect the disclosure relates to a corresponding image transmission method for transmitting a set of N composite images based on a set of N primary images to an image reception device, wherein N is greater or equal 2 and wherein each of the N primary images has a focus distance associated with it. The image transmission method comprises the following steps: partitioning each of the N primary images into a plurality of image portions; generating the N composite images by placing each image portion of each of the N primary images into one of the N composite images such that each of the N composite images comprises image portions from two or more of the N primary images; and transmitting the N composite images to the image reception device.
The method according to the second aspect of the disclosure can be performed by the image transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention. Further features of the method according to the second aspect of the invention result directly from the functionality of the image transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention and its different implementation forms described above and below.
According to a third aspect, the disclosure relates to an image reception device, e.g. a display controller of a multifocal display system, for receiving a set of composite images from the image transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention. The image reception device comprises: a communication interface configured to receive the set of composite images from the image transmission device, wherein the composite images are based on a set of N primary images, wherein N is greater or equal 2, wherein each of the N primary images has a focus distance associated with it and wherein each of the composite images comprises image portions from two or more of the N primary images; and processing circuitry configured to reconstruct the N primary images from the set of composite images by placing each image portion of each of the composite images into one of the N primary images.
In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the processing circuitry is configured to reconstruct the N primary images in an approximate manner from the set of composite images when the set of composite images includes one or more but less than N composite images, i.e., in case not all N composite images generated and transmitted by the image transmission device have been received by the image reception device.
In a further possible implementation form of the third aspect, the processing circuitry is configured to reconstruct the N primary images in an approximate manner by reconstructing a missing image portion of one of the N primary images based on one or more available image portions. As used herein, an available image portion of a primary image is an image portion that is contained in one of the composite images available to the image reception device. An unavailable (or missing) image portion is an image portion that is not contained in any of the available composite images. Any missing portion of a primary image can be filled with image content obtained by inter- or extrapolation. The inter- or extrapolation may be based on available portions of the primary image (in particular, portions located near the missing portion in the primary image). Alternatively or additionally, the inter- or extrapolation may be based on available portions of one or more of the other N−1 primary images. In particular, if the N primary images have the same size and shape, the inter- or extrapolation may be based on one or more available portions that have the same position as the missing portion, i.e., based on one or more available portions that correspond to the missing portion. Note that image portions of different primary images which are located at the same position (e.g., upper left corner) will generally show the same part of a captured scene and will differ from each other mainly in resolution or blurriness on account of the fact that they are associated with different focus distances (i.e., with different depths).
According to a fourth aspect the disclosure relates to a corresponding image reception method for receiving a set of composite images from an image transmission device. The image reception method comprises the steps of: receiving the set of composite images from the image transmission device, wherein the composite images are based on a set of N primary images, wherein N is greater or equal 2, wherein each of the N primary images has a focus distance associated with it and wherein each of the composite images comprises image portions from two or more of the N primary images; and reconstructing the N primary images from the set of composite images by placing each image portion of each of the composite images into one of the N primary images.
The method according to the fourth aspect of the disclosure can be performed by the image reception device according to the third aspect of the disclosure. Further features of the method according to the fourth aspect of the disclosure result directly from the functionality of the image reception device according to the third aspect of the disclosure and its different implementation forms described above and below.
According to a fifth aspect the disclosure relates to a multifocal display system for displaying a set of N primary images, wherein the multifocal display system comprises an image transmission device according to the first aspect of the disclosure and an image reception device according to the third aspect of the disclosure, wherein the multifocal display system is configured to display the set of N primary images reconstructed by the image reception device. The multifocal display system could be implemented in a near eye three-dimensional (3D) display device.
In a further possible implementation form of the fifth aspect, the multifocal display system is configured to display the reconstructed primary images one after the other. Thus a time-multiplexing scheme can be implemented.
In a further possible implementation form of the fifth aspect, the multifocal display system is configured to display each of the reconstructed primary images with an optical power that conforms to the respective focus distance thereof.
According to a sixth aspect the disclosure relates to a computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to the second aspect and/or the method according to the fourth aspect when executed on a computer.
Details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.
In the following illustrative examples of the disclosure are described in more detail with reference to the attached figures and drawings, in which:
In the following identical reference signs refer to identical or at least functionally equivalent features.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the invention or specific aspects in which embodiments of the invention may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the invention may be used in other aspects and comprise structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For instance, it is understood that a disclosure in connection with a described method may also hold true for a corresponding device or system configured to perform the method and vice versa. For example, if one or a plurality of specific method steps are described, a corresponding device may include one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, to perform the described one or plurality of method steps (e.g. one unit performing the one or plurality of steps, or a plurality of units each performing one or more of the plurality of steps), even if such one or more units are not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. On the other hand, for example, if a specific apparatus is described based on one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, a corresponding method may include one step to perform the functionality of the one or plurality of units (e.g. one step performing the functionality of the one or plurality of units, or a plurality of steps each performing the functionality of one or more of the plurality of units), even if such one or plurality of steps are not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. Further, it is understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments and/or aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
In an illustrative example, the multifocal display system 100 is configured to display the reconstructed primary images one after the other. Thus, the multifocal display system 100 can implement a time-multiplexing image display scheme.
As illustrated in
In an illustrative example, the multifocal display system 100 comprises the image transmission device 101 and the image reception device 103 implemented as illustrated in
As will be described in more detail further below, the image transmission device 101, i.e., the image source of the multifocal display system 100, is configured to transmit a set of N composite images based on a set of N primary images via a potentially error prone communication channel to the image reception device 103, e.g. a display controller 103 of the multifocal display system 100 with N greater than or equal 2. Each of the N primary images has a focus distance associated with it. The image reception device 103, e.g. the display controller 103 of the multifocal display system 100, is configured to receive a set of composite images from the image transmission device 101.
In order to provide a better understanding of the invention
In order to overcome this limitation, as can be taken from
Likewise, the image reception device 103 comprises a communication interface 103b configured to receive the set of composite images from the image transmission device 101, wherein the composite images are based on the set of N primary images and wherein each of the composite images received by the image reception device 103 comprises image portions from two or more of the N primary images. Moreover, the image reception device 103 comprises processing circuitry 103a, e.g. one or more processors 103a, configured to reconstruct the N primary images from the set of composite images by placing each image portion of each of the composite images into one of the N primary images.
Thus, as illustratively depicted in
Thus, in an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 103a of the image reception device 103 is configured to reconstruct the N primary images in an approximate manner from the set of composite images provided by the image transmission device 101, when the set of composite images includes one or more but less than N composite images (i.e., in a case where not all N composite images generated and transmitted by the image transmission device 101 have been received by the image reception device 103 or in a case where the composite images have been corrupted).
In an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 103a of the image reception device 103 is configured to reconstruct the N primary images in an approximate manner by reconstructing a missing image portion of one of the N primary images based on one or more available image portions. As used herein, an available image portion of a primary image is an image portion that is contained in one of the composite images available to the image reception device 103. An unavailable (or missing) image portion is an image portion that is not contained in any of the available composite images. Any missing portion of a primary image is filled by the processing circuitry 103a of the image reception device 103 with image content obtained by inter- or extrapolation. The interpolation or extrapolation may be based on available portions of the primary image (in particular, portions located near the missing portion in the primary image). Alternatively or additionally, the interpolation or extrapolation may be based on available portions of one or more of the other N−1 primary images. In particular, if the N primary images have the same size and shape, the interpolation or extrapolation may be based on one or more available portions that have the same position as the missing portion (i.e., based on one or more available portions that correspond to the missing portion. Note that image portions of different primary images which are located at the same position (e.g., upper left corner) will generally show the same part of a captured scene and will differ from each other mainly in resolution or blurriness on account of the fact that they are associated with different focus distances (i.e., with different depths).
In an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 101a of the image transmission device 101 is configured to place the image portions of the N primary images into the composite images such that each composite image comprises image portions from all the N primary images. In an illustrative example, the N primary images are identical in size and shape.
In an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 101a of the image transmission device 101 is configured to place any two image portions of any one of the N primary images into different composite images if the two image portions are adjoining image portions. In other words, adjoining image portions of a primary image can be placed into different composite images. Two image portions are considered adjoining if they share a common boundary. Two image portions which share merely a point (e.g., a corner point) are not considered adjoining. Thus, if one the two image portions is lost or corrupted (e.g., due to loss or corruption of the composite frame which contains this image portion), the other image portion can be reconstructed by the image reception device 103 by interpolation or extrapolation of neighboring image portions contained in composite frames that have not been lost or are not corrupted.
In an illustrative example, the communication interface 101b of the image transmission device 101 is configured to transmit the N composite images in a predefined sequence to the image reception device 103. This allows the image reception device to identify each composite image based on the position of that composite image in the received sequence of composite images, and no further information for distinguishing the composite images from each other needs to be provided to the image reception device 103. In an illustrative example, the N primary images are images of a video frame, the video frame is an element of a sequence of video frames, and the predefined sequence is the same in every frame of the sequence of video frames.
In an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 101a of the image transmission device 101 is configured to place any two corresponding image portions of any two of the N primary images into different composite images. This facilitates reconstruction of the primary images by the image reception device 103 when the set of composite images available to the image reception device 103 is incomplete (i.e., when not all of the N composite images have been received by the image reception device 103).
In an illustrative example, the N primary images are identical in size and shape, wherein the processing circuitry 101a of the image transmission device 101 is configured to partition the N primary images into image portions in the same manner. In other words, the geometrical layout of image portions can be the same in each of the N primary images. Each image portion of each of the N composite images can thus be filled with the corresponding image portion of one of the N primary images.
In an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 101a of the image transmission device 101 is configured to place each image portion of each of the primary images at the same position within the composite image as in the primary image, which allows a simple and efficient transformation from primary to composite images.
The person skilled in the art will understand that the “blocks” (“units”) of the various figures (method and apparatus) represent or describe functionalities of embodiments of the invention (rather than necessarily individual “units” in hardware or software) and thus describe equally functions or features of apparatus embodiments as well as method embodiments (unit=step).
In the several illustrative example provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely exemplary. For example, the unit division is merely logical function division and may be other division in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented by using some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2018/070525, filed on Jul. 30, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety including any references contained therein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2018/070525 | Jul 2018 | US |
| Child | 17156105 | US |
