Patent Grant
6974913
The invention is generally directed to a composite tape for use in cable manufacture. In particular, the invention provides a multifolded composite tape constructed in a single tape configuration with a multiple of longitudinal channels or grooves for wrapping and shielding individual insulated conductors. The invention also provides methods of making a multifolded composite tape as a single tape configuration. The invention further provides a communications cable comprising a multifolded composite tape for separating and shielding one or more conductors.
High-speed data communications cables currently in use include pairs of insulated conductors twisted together to form a two-conductor group or a transmission line. Such pairs of insulated conductors are commonly referred to in the art as “twisted pairs”. Multiples of twisted pairs are typically bundled or closely spaced together within high-speed data cables. Such close proximity between twisted pairs often causes electrical energy to transfer from one twisted pair to other adjacent twisted pairs coexisting within a cable. This transfer of electrical energy between twisted pairs is a phenomenon known as crosstalk, which interferes and degrades electrical signals and data transmission. Twisted pairs must, therefore, be sufficiently separated physically and shielded electrically in order to reduce and isolate crosstalk.
Crosstalk presents a particular problem in high frequency applications wherein as the frequency of transmission increases, crosstalk increases logarithmically. Thus, the need to shield twisted pairs increases with the need for greater transmission speed. For instance, a category 7 cable used for relatively high speed data transmission is required to meet specific performance standards for crosstalk isolation established by third party testing organizations. Therefore, in order to meet such performance standards, while providing greater transmission speed and throughput, methods of shielding and isolating twisted pairs become important for maintaining the quality of data transmission.
Various prior art methods attempt to meet standards for crosstalk isolation in high-speed data communications cable and include techniques and cable designs for physically separating twisted pairs and maintaining twisted pairs in fixed positions. In addition, prior art methods include individually shielding twisted pairs to insulate twisted pairs from crosstalk. Such shielding techniques typically include various techniques and shielding tapes for tape wrapping individual twisted pairs prior to cabling. Typically, tape wrapping involves wrapping a metal or metallized tape longitudinally or helically around a twisted pair. Such tape wrapping techniques cause a portion of the metal or tape to overlap upon itself as it is wound around the twisted pair to achieve a continuous wrap. The result is that areas along the twisted cable face a metal-to-nonmetal portion of the wrapping tape at the site of a tape overlap. Typically, shielding or wrapping tape comprises a conductive, often metallic, surface and a dielectric film, often plastic, surface such that the overlap created is a metal-to-film interface. Such overlaps are susceptible to signal leakage, interference and signal degradation as well as contribute to crosstalk between adjacent twisted pairs and proximate cables. In addition, individually wrapping twisted pairs is a lengthy operation and an additional step in manufacturing twisted pairs.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a shielding tape and techniques for individually wrapping twisted pairs prior to cabling that overcomes the problems associated with the prior art described above. Such a shielding tape and techniques would reduce or eliminate the negative effects upon electrical properties and conductor performance associated with tape overlap and more particularly would isolate crosstalk. In addition it is desirable to provide a communications cable comprising a shielding tape for physically separating and electrically isolating individual insulated conductors contained therein to substantially reduce crosstalk between adjacent conductors situated within the cable as well as between the cable and other proximately located communications cables.
According to the invention, a multifolded composite tape is provided to better facilitate isolation and electrostatic shielding of multiple pairs of insulated conductors of a high-speed data transmission cable that is required to meet the need for greater speed, throughput and quality of signal and data transmission. The multifolded composite tape of the invention is constructed as a single tape configuration having a robust shielding construction to compartmentalize and encapsulate individual pairs of insulated conductors (referred to herein as “twisted pairs”) during cable manufacture. The composite tape of the invention has the benefit of using a single tape configuration that completely wraps, electrically shields, and isolates individual twisted pairs to achieve a desired crosstalk performance.
The multifolded composite tape of the invention resolves many of the problems associated with individually wrapping twisted pairs, to achieve greater consistency of electrical properties and electrical performance. In addition, the various single tape configurations of the invention increase manufacturing productivity by reducing the amount of tape required to wrap individual twisted pairs and increasing production speed. In addition, the single tape configurations provide greater strength, thereby reducing the incidence of tape break during cable manufacture. The single tape design also provides a more consistent geometry that imparts consistency and predictability with respect to electrical properties and cable performance.
The multifolded composite tape of the invention ‘also’ provides a number of embodiments comprising a variety of single tape configurations to simultaneously wrap and completely encapsulate a multiple of twisted pairs during cable manufacturing. The single tape configurations generally comprise one or more metallic foil/plastic film laminates that are folded and assembled to form a multiple of channels or grooves for containing twisted pairs.
Embodiments of the single tape configuration according to the invention comprise one or more laminates assembled into a single tape. Each laminate is constructed of at least one layer or sheet of a first material, such as a conductive material, bonded to at least one layer or sheet of a second material, such as an insulating dielectric material, to form a single laminate. The single laminate is a basic component of the various single tape configurations according to the invention. The construction of the laminate as described herein does not limit the invention to a single layer of conductive material, such as a metallic foil, bonded to a single layer of dielectric material, such as a plastic or polyester film, but contemplates other laminate constructions comprising more than one layer or sheet of conductive material and/or more than one layer or sheet of dielectric material. In addition, the invention is not limiting with respect to the materials of construction of the laminate layers and contemplates other materials in addition to a metallic foil and plastic or polyester film.
In a first embodiment of the invention, a single tape configuration comprises four metallic foil/film laminates folded and assembled to form a single tape configuration having an X-shaped cross-section or profile that forms or defines four channels or grooves extending longitudinally along a length of the single tape. Each laminate is constructed of at least one, layer or sheet of metallic foil bonded to at least one layer or sheet of thin plastic film to form a metallic foil/film laminate. During assembly of the single tape configuration, the foil/film laminates are folded and/or bonded such that the foil layers of the laminates are oriented to face or define the four channels or grooves. The single tape configuration which results comprises four fin-like, shield members extending radially from a center axis or vertical center line and longitudinally along the length of the tape to form or define the four channels or grooves. Each shielding member has an internal portion of dielectric material disposed between conductive material.
Each channel or groove is of sufficient size to lay at least one twisted cable therein. During cable manufacturing, four twisted pairs are laid in the X-shaped single tape configuration and therein simultaneously wrapped by utilizing one or more forming dies. The foil layer facing each channel or groove essentially provides a continuous, longitudinal foil-to-foil wrap in which a twisted pair is encapsulated. The foil-to-foil wrap physically separates and electrically shields the twisted pair by achieving a continuous and closed conductive shield. The resultant foil-to-foil contact achieved avoids the problems associated with foil-to-film overlap produced during individually wrapping twisted pairs.
In a second embodiment of the invention, a single tape configuration comprises at least one metallic foil/film laminate accordion-folded to form a single tape configuration having a cross-section or profile that forms or defines one or more channels or grooves extending longitudinally along a length of the single tape. The metallic foil/film laminate is similarly constructed as described above with respect to the foil/film laminates of the first embodiment. The metallic foil/film laminate is accordion-folded lengthwise into a multiple of pleats to achieve a single tape configuration having an accordion cross-section or profile. Each pleat can be of a substantially equal width. Each pleat includes a foil layer on a first side and a film layer on a second opposite side. During formation of the multiple of accordion pleats, each pleat having the film layer folded therein is fused or bonded to seal the pleat. The foil/film laminate is accordion-folded lengthwise until a desired number of pleats is achieved. The number of pleats created is related to the number of channels or grooves required. Thereafter, the single tape configuration is opened by unfolding the pleats having the foil layer folded therein and wrapping the single tape back upon itself such that the foil layer is oriented to face or define one or more channels or grooves. The single tape configuration which results comprises two or more fin-like shield members extending radially from a center axis or vertical center line and longitudinally along the length of the single tape to form or define the one or more channels or grooves. The single tape configuration of the second embodiment provides, the flexibility to provide as many channels and grooves as may be required to wrap any number of twisted pairs contained within a particular cable design.
In a third embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for making a composite tape for use in cable manufacture, the method comprising providing a first laminate of at least one layer of conductive material bonded to at least one layer of dielectric material; folding the first laminate conductive material-to-conductive material to form an interface of conductive material; providing; a second folded laminate constructed and folded similar to the first folded laminate; butting the first and second folded laminates fold-to-fold; providing a third laminate and a fourth laminate, the third laminate and the fourth laminate each having at least one layer of conductive material bonded to at least one layer of dielectric material; bonding the layer of dielectric material of the third laminate to a first plane of dielectric material formed by the dielectric material of the butted first and second folded laminates; bonding the layer of dielectric material of the fourth laminate to a second opposing plane of dielectric material formed by the dielectric material of the butted first and second folded laminates; and opening the conductive material interfaces to form a plurality of fin-like shielding members that extend radially from a center axis and longitudinally along a length of the laminates to define a plurality of channels.
In a fourth embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for making a composite tape for use in cable manufacture, the method comprising providing a laminate of at least one layer of conductive material bonded to at least one layer of dielectric material, the laminate having a length and a width; folding the laminate along its length repeatedly to form a multiple of longitudinal accordion pleats, each pleat having either a dielectric material interface or a conductive material interface disposed therein; bonding the dielectric material interfaces, and opening the conductive material interfaces to form a plurality of fin-like shielding members extending radially from a center axis and longitudinally along the length of the laminate to define a plurality of channels.
In a fifth embodiment of the invention, a communications cable is provided comprising a tubular jacket; a composite tape contained within the jacket including two or more fin like shielding members joined at a center axis, each shielding member extending radially from the center axis and longitudinally along a length to define two or more channels, each shielding member having an internal portion of a first material disposed between portions of a second material; and at least one twisted pair of insulated conductors disposed in each of the channels.
In a sixth embodiment of the invention, a communications cable is provided comprising a tubular jacket and a composite tape constructed according to the method of the invention as described with respect to the fourth embodiment. The composite tape is contained within the jacket and includes two or more fin-like shielding members joined at a center axis, each shielding member extending radially from the center axis and longitudinally along a length to define two or more channels, each shielding member having an internal portion of a first material disposed between portions of a second material; and at least one twisted pair of insulated conductors disposed in each of the channels.
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the drawings, which are incorporated herein by reference and in which:
Illustrative embodiments of the present invention described below are directed to a composite tape for use in manufacture of communications cable. In particular, the present invention provides a multifolded composite tape for shielding pairs of insulated conductors or twisted pairs of a high-speed data transmission cable. The multifolded composite tape of the invention is constructed of one or more laminates. Each laminate is formed by at least one layer of conductive material, such as a metallic foil, bonded or laminated to at least one layer of dielectric material, such as a polyester or plastic film. The one or more laminates are folded and assembled into a single tape configuration. The single tape configuration includes a number of laminate portions or fin-like shielding members that extend radially from a center axis or a vertical center line to define a multiple of channels or grooves extending longitudinally along a length of the single tape. The single tape configuration can comprise any number of channels or grooves to accommodate the number of twisted pairs contained within a particular cable design. Each channel or groove is of sufficient size to hold at least one twisted pair. The multifolded composite tape is assembled into the single tape configuration in such a manner that the conductive material, such as a metallic foil, of the shielding members is oriented to face or define the multiple of longitudinal channels or grooves and the twisted pairs contained therein. During cable manufacturing, at least one twisted pair is laid in each channel and thereafter the composite tape is simultaneously wrapped around the twisted pairs of the cable by utilizing one or more forming dies. Each twisted pair contained within a channel or groove is individually wrapped and completely, encapsulated by the conductive material or metallic foil. In effect, each twisted pair is physically separated and electrically shielded from other twisted pairs within the cable by a continuous longitudinal shield of conductive material or metallic foil provided by the single tape configuration.
The multifolded composite tape of the invention provides a number of embodiments comprising a variety of single tape configurations to form any number of longitudinal channels or grooves corresponding to the twisted pairs that coexist within a single cable. Embodiments of the invention will be described below in further detail with reference to
Referring to
As shown in
As shown in
The metallic foil/plastic film laminate 12 acts as a basic component or a building block of the various embodiments of the multifolded composite tape according to the invention. Although the foil/film laminate shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Referring to
The single X tape configuration also provides the additional benefit of providing a more consistent geometry of finished cables than cables produced by individually wrapping each twisted pair, which further enhances electrical qualities. In addition, as the width and thickness of the single X tape configuration can be readily varied for different cable sizes, the single X tape configuration allows flexibility with respect finished cable design.
In one aspect of the first embodiment of a single tape configuration according to the invention, two or more foil/fusible film laminates are utilized to form a single tape. Each foil/fusible film laminate comprises at least one layer of a conductive material, such as a metallic foil, on which at least one layer or one coat of a bondable material or fusible film is disposed. The foil/fusible film laminate serves as a basic component of the single tape configuration and may be folded and assembled together as described with respect to
Referring to
The single laminate 60 is similarly constructed as the laminate described with reference to
As shown in
The aluminum or copper metallic foil layer 16 and the polypropylene or polyester film layer 14 are laminated together by any method or means well known in the art such as, for example, by a suitable adhesive 18, including, although not limited to, a heat-fusible adhesive resin, a solvent-based adhesive or a water-based adhesive. The adhesive 18 is disposed between the aluminum or copper metallic foil layer and the polypropylene or polyester film layer to bond the conductive and dielectric layers together to form a metallic foil/plastic film laminate 12.
As shown in
Upon completion of the accordion folding of the foil/film laminate and fusing of the film layer interfaces, the single tape configuration 62 is unfolded by opening the pleats comprising the foil layer interfaces. The single tape configuration is then folded back upon itself and bonded to form an X-shaped cross-section, as shown in
Although the single X tape configuration 62 of the second embodiment illustrated in
In addition, the second embodiment of the multifolded composite tape 62 according to the invention is not limited to the single X tape configuration shown in
In addition to the consistency of electrical properties and the enhanced performance imparted by the embodiments of the single tape configuration according to the invention, the single tape configuration has the additional benefit of improving manufacturing productivity. In particular, the single tape configuration provides greater and more consistent strength than shielding tape helically or cigarette-wrapped longitudinally around individual twisted pairs, which results in a reduction of tape break that occurs during cable manufacture. Greater tape strength also reduces the risk of reduced or failed electrical performance of installed cables. The single tape configuration also increases manufacturing speed by eliminating the lengthy operation and additional step of tape, wrapping individual twisted pairs prior to cabling and by reducing the extent of tape break that would interrupt the cabling process. The single tape configurations described herein also require less tape than is needed to individually wrap twisted pairs and, thus, are more economical to use. In addition, to achieve similar electrical properties and performance as is attained by the overall and continuous wrap provided by the single tape configuration according to the invention, a greater width of conventional shielding tape would be required to individually wrap twisted pairs. Therefore, the single tape configuration increases the efficiency of wrapping twisted pairs. In addition, the single tape configuration can be readily supplied to cable manufacturers, and makes ordering and inventorying easier for cable manufacturers.
In one, aspect of the second embodiment of a single tape configuration according to the invention, at least a first foil/fusible film laminate is used to form a single tape. The foil/fusible film laminate comprises at least one layer of a conductive material, such as a metallic foil, on which at least one layer or one coat of a bondable material or fusible film is disposed. The foil/fusible film laminate serves as a basic component of the single tape configuration and may be accordion-folded and assembled as described with respect to
Referring to
In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the dielectric material comprises an insulating material such as, although not limited to, polyester film, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, a polyamide, a polyimide or the like a thickness in a range of from about 0.0001 inch to about 0.006 inch, and preferably in a range of from about 0.00028 inch to 0.003 inch.
In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, a layer or film of bondable or fusible material is disposed on at least one surface of the dielectric material. The bondable layer or fusible film serves to bond or fuse the dielectric material comprising one or more laminates when the dielectric materials are disposed together or positioned face-to-face during the assembly of a single tape configuration. The bondable layer or fusible film includes a layer or a film of a suitable material including, although not limited to, ethyl acrylic acid (EAA), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) or other thermoplastic polymers, which may be applied to the dielectric layer as a coating or co-extruded as a component of the dielectric material during its formation.
The method comprises disposing the layer of conductive material on the layer of dielectric material, preferably such that the length and width of the conductive and dielectric layers are aligned with one another (Step 110), and then bonding or laminating the conductive and dielectric layers to form a first laminate (Step 115). In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the conductive and dielectric layers are bonded to form the first laminate by disposing a suitable adhesive between the conductive and dielectric layers such as, although not limited to, a heat-fusible adhesive resin, a solvent-based adhesive or a water-based adhesive. The first laminate comprised of at least one conductive layer and at least one dielectric layer acts as a basic component or a building block for use in the method according to the invention for making a multifolded composite tape in a single tape configuration. However, the method of the invention as described herein utilizing the first laminate should not be considered a limiting. The method may utilize the first laminate comprised of two or more layers of conductive, material and two or more layers of dielectric material to form a multi-layer first laminate of, for instance, film/foil/film/foil layers.
The method further comprises folding the first laminate lengthwise; and preferably in half lengthwise wherein the conductive layer forms an interface inside the first folded laminate sandwiched between portions of the dielectric layer forming a surface of the laminate (Step 120). The method comprises providing a second folded laminate (Step 125) similarly constructed and folded according to the method as described above in Steps 100–120, and laying the first and second folded laminates adjacent to each other fold-to-fold to align and butt the folds together (Step 130).
The method further comprises providing a third unfolded laminate and a fourth unfolded laminate (Step 135) similarly constructed according to the method of the invention as described above in Steps 100–115. The method comprises placing the dielectric layer of each of the third and fourth unfolded laminates on one of two opposing planes of dielectric material formed by butting the first and second folded laminates (Step 140), such that the bondable layer or fusible film of the dielectric layers are face-to-face and the first and second folded laminates are sandwiched between the third and fourth unfolded laminates. The method comprises bonding or fusing the bondable layers or the fusible films of the dielectric layers and the, butted folds to form a single composite (Step 145). In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, bonding or fusing the bondable layers or the fusible films of the dielectric layers includes applying a sufficient heat, and/or a sufficient pressure, to the sandwiched laminates to bond or fuse the dielectric layers. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the sandwiched laminates are subjected to a bonding temperature generally in a range of from about 70° C. to about 150° C. for a bonding time of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 seconds. One skilled in the art can adjust a bonding temperature, a bonding time and/or a bonding pressure to obtain ideal results with respect to bonding or fusing the dielectric layers of the sandwiched laminates.
The method finally comprises opening the interfaces of the conductive layers of the first and second folded laminates to unfold the single composite, thereby forming a single tape configuration of four longitudinal channels or grooves having an X-shaped cross-section or profile (Step 150).
Referring to
The method comprises according folding the first laminate lengthwise wherein an initial step includes folding a portion of the width of the first laminate lengthwise in a first fold to form a first pleat such that the dielectric layer forms an interface inside the first pleat (Step 205). The method comprises bonding or fusing the bondable layer or the fusible film disposed on the dielectric layer of the first pleat to bond or fuse the interface and to seal the first pleat. (Step 210) In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, bonding or fusing the dielectric layer interface includes applying a sufficient heat and/or a sufficient pressure to the first pleat to bond or fuse the bondable layer or fusible film of the dielectric layer. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the dielectric layer interface of the first pleat is subjected to a bonding temperature generally in a range of from about 70° C. to about 150° C. for a bonding time of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 seconds. One skilled in the art can adjust a bonding temperature, a bonding time and/or a bonding pressure to obtain ideal results with respect to bonding or fusing the dielectric layer interface of each pleat.
The method further comprises accordion folding the first pleat over a portion of the width of the first laminate lengthwise in a second fold to form a second pleat such that the dielectric layer forms an interface inside the second pleat. (Step 215) In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the second pleat has a width similar to a width of the first pleat. The method comprises bonding or fusing the bondable layer or fusible film disposed on the dielectric layer of the second pleat to bond or fuse the interface and seal the second pleat (Step 220). The method further comprises accordion folding the second pleat over a portion of the width of the first laminate lengthwise in a third fold to form a third pleat such that the dielectric layer forms an interface inside the third pleat, and the third pleat has a width similar to the first and second pleats. (Step 225) The method comprises bonding or fusing the bondable layer or fusible film of the dielectric layer of the third pleat to bond or fuse the interface and to seal the third pleat (Step 230). The method further comprises repeating Steps 205 to 225 until a desired number of accordion-folded pleats are formed and sealed (Step 235). The method finally comprises opening and separating each pleat having an interface of the conductive layer, folding the first laminate back upon itself and joining longitudinal edges of the first laminate, for instance, by bonding or fusing such that the conductive layer of each pleat faces outward (Step 240). The opened pleats form a multiple of longitudinal channels or grooves defined by the conductive layer of each pleat.
Referring to
The inventive principles as described herein with respect to'the fifth embodiment of the invention can be applied to different cable designs including a different number of twisted pairs of conductors. In particular, the initial X-shaped cross-section or profile of the multifolded composite tape 330 illustrated in
As shown in
Each insulated conductor of each twisted pair 320a, 320b, 320c and 320d includes a conductor 350 encased by a layer of insulating material 351. The conductor 350 may include a metallic wire or any other metallic conductor well known in the art such as, although not limited to, copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, etc. The insulating material 351 may be constructed of any suitable material well known in the art such as, although not limited to polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, and flame retardant materials such as fluorinated polymers. The insulated conductors of each twisted pair are helically twisted around one another with a desired longitudinal distance between each complete helical twist, referred to in the art as lay length. It is preferable that each twisted pair of conductors has a different lay length than other twisted pairs that coexist in the cable. It is also preferable that adjacent twisted pairs of conductors are helically twisted in different directions, thereby having different twist directions. Varying the lay lengths and the twist directions of the twisted pairs of conductors within the cable helps to increase the spacing between twisted pairs and prevent adjacent twisted pairs from lying too closely to one another.
As shown in
Referring to
The jacket 310 of the communications cable according to the fifth embodiment of the invention is tubular in shape and constructed of any suitable material such as flexible polymer materials conventionally used in cable construction. Suitable polymer materials include, although are not limited to, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and flame retardant materials such as fluorinated polymers.
Referring to
The multifolded composite tape 330 having an +-shaped cross-section or profile is formed by a single laminate strip constructed of at least one layer of conductive material and at least one layer of dielectric material accordion-folded into a multiple of folds or pleats, as described herein with respect to the method of the fourth embodiment. Although
Having thus described at least one illustrative embodiment of the invention, various alterations, modifications and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting. The invention's limit is defined only in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.
This application is a continuation application pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.53(b) of application Ser. No. 10/020,582, filed Dec. 14, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,624,359 which is incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040026113 A1 | Feb 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10020582 | Dec 2001 | US |
| Child | 10603567 | US |
