Patent Application
20240408626
The invention relates to a material needle for a paint spray gun, to a front needle, to a paint spray gun, and to a method for exchanging a front needle.
Material needles in paint spray guns serve to open and close nozzle openings and thus to control the dispensing of sprayable material, such as lacquers, primers and paints, from a nozzle. In order to prevent irreversible contamination with an associated negative influence on the spray pattern of the paint spray gun, the material needle must be cleaned regularly. Furthermore, during the processing of abrasive materials, the material needle is subject to increased wear, which at a certain point also negatively affects the spray pattern. In order to prevent negative influence on the spray pattern, the material needle must therefore be removed regularly. For this purpose, it is usually sufficient to exchange the part of the material needle that engages the nozzle opening, for example a needle head. Exchangeable needle heads are known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,363A or DE69110099T2.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,363A discloses an exchangeable needle head which is releasably connected to a needle shaft via a screw connection.
DE69110099T2 teaches a material needle having an exchangeable needle head (valve tip), which is releasably connected to the needle head via a clamping sleeve screwed onto a needle shank. The needle head engages with an end-side ball head in an elastically deformable receptacle of the clamping sleeve. The needle head is thus mounted like a ball joint.
Such solutions satisfy the need for rapid exchange of the needle tip, but are complicated to manufacture in terms of manufacturing technology and require either the use of technically complex fine threads to ensure sufficient positioning accuracies of the needle head or do not ensure an axially sufficiently precise alignment of the needle head.
Starting from this background, one object of the invention is to further develop paint spray guns or their material needles in such a way that a simple and rapid exchange of a needle tip with simultaneously high manufacturing tolerances is possible. It is also an object of the invention to provide an exchangeable needle tip of a material needle in which an unintentional release of the needle tip from the remaining material needle can be reliably prevented and in which a radial centering of the material needle can be ensured, in particular in the region of a needle tip, independently of the axial position of the material needle.
Accordingly, embodiments of a material needle for a paint spray gun, a front needle, a paint spray gun, and a method for exchanging a front needle are disclosed herein.
Paint spray guns according to the invention are preferably designed as a high-pressure paint spray guns or as low-pressure paint spray guns. The high-pressure paint spray guns according to the invention atomize material under high pressure. The material pressure is generally between 50 and 400 bar. The high-pressure paint spray gun can be designed as conventional high-pressure paint spray guns, in which no compressed air is used, and as air-supported high-pressure paint spray guns, in which air is additionally used to support the atomization. The latter requires a lower material pressure than the high-pressure paint spray gun without air support. The high-pressure paint spray gun has, for example, a slot-shaped nozzle which, without further shaping, generates a flat spray jet, wherein a material valve is provided which serves to control the dispensing of material.
The paint spray gun as a low-pressure paint spray gun is operated with a low material pressure and supplied with material either by means of gravity, negative pressure or a low-pressure material feed (less than 40 bar material pressure). The low-pressure paint spray gun can be designed as a so-called cup spray gun in which the material is supplied via a cup fastened to the paint spray gun. A material container can also be provided, from which the material, which is, for example, under a material pressure of between 1 and 20 bar, is pumped to the paint spray gun. The embodiment of a paint spray gun as a low-pressure paint spray gun atomizes the material by means of a gas or gas mixture, preferably compressed air, which exits at an air gap surrounding the material nozzle, whereby the material is entrained and atomized from the material nozzle.
In the case of a particularly preferred embodiment, the paint spray gun according to the invention is designed as an automatic or hand-guided paint spray gun. The automatic paint spray gun is actuated via an external signal source and is not actuated directly by a user. The hand-guided paint spray gun is held and actuated by a user in his hand.
Furthermore, the paint spray gun according to the invention can preferably be designed as a single-axis and two-axis paint spray gun. In the case of the variant of the invention designed as a single-axis paint spray gun, the air valve for controlling the air dispensing and the material valve for controlling the material dispensing share a common axis. In the variant of the invention designed as a two-axis paint spray gun, the shafts for controlling the air dispensing and the material valve for controlling the material dispensing are not arranged coaxially. The variants as automatic or hand-guided paint spray guns can be designed both as a single-axis and as a two-axis paint spray guns.
According to the invention, a material needle extending along a longitudinal axis is proposed for a paint spray gun having a material nozzle, wherein the material needle can be inserted into a guide channel of the paint spray gun and can be displaced along a longitudinal axis in order to open and close a nozzle opening of the material nozzle with a defined needle stroke. The material needle comprises a front needle, which is at the front in the axial direction, and a rear needle, which is at the rear in the axial direction, which needles are connected together releasably along a connection portion between the front needle and the rear needle via an axial form-fitting connection for conducting axial forces. The axial form-fitting connection is formed by front form-fitting elements, which are arranged on the front needle, and rear form-fitting elements, which are arranged on the rear needle, wherein the form-fitting connection can be released by radial deflection of the front and/or rear form-fitting elements.
In order to prevent unintentional release of the form-fitting connection, the axial form-fitting connection is secured by a securing means which prevents a radial deflection of the front and/or rear form-fitting elements, wherein the securing means contains a radially outer sliding bearing surface of the front needle and/or of the rear needle for form-fitting interaction with a corresponding sliding bearing surface of the paint spray gun.
As a result, high axial forces can be transmitted between the front and rear needles, and at the same time the releasability of the connection with a slight application of force can be ensured. Furthermore, an unintentional release of the axial form-fitting connection in an operating state of the paint spray gun can be reliably prevented. The securing means can, for example, be formed by wings extending radially away from the material needle or can also be formed by the outer circumference of the material needle itself.
A form-fitting connection is to be understood as a direct or indirect form-fitting connection between at least two connection partners, in this case the front needle and the rear needle, which interlock in such a way that the connection does not become detached in the direction of the impeded movement even in the absence of normal force (perpendicular to the surfaces of the connection partners or to the direction of the impeded movement).
A force-fitting connection (frictional connection) is to be understood as a direct or indirect force-fitting connection between at least two connection partners, in this case the front needle and the rear needle, which is caused by means of a frictional connection between the contact surfaces of the connection partners caused by a normal force (perpendicular to the surfaces of the connection partners or to the direction of the impeded movement).
The connection between the front needle and the rear needle can be both a form-fitting and a force-fitting connection or a combination of both connection techniques.
A frictional connection can in particular be achieved by an interference fit in a connection region of the connection between the front and the rear needle, so that a connection region of the front needle is elastically compressed and a connection region of the rear needle is elastically widened, or vice versa.
A connection portion is understood to mean that portion of the material needle in which parts of the front needle and the rear needle overlap axially. In addition to the axial form-fitting connection, further functions or functional components, such as guide surfaces, tilting bearings and other functional surfaces or components, can also be integrated in the connection portion.
In the context of this specification, form-fitting elements are understood to mean those form-fitting elements which contribute to the axial form-fitting connection between the front and the rear needles.
The front end of the front needle and/or the rear needle is to be understood as meaning the end that, in the material dispensing direction, is situated downstream of the rear end of the same part substantially along the longitudinal axis of the material needle, whereas the rear end is situated upstream of the front end in the material dispensing direction. Analogously, this also applies to the designation front and rear, which also relate to the material dispensing direction. In the sense of the invention, axial refers to the axis of the material needle which coincides with the axis of the material nozzle and the front needle axis and the rear needle axis.
Replacement is not only to be understood to be the exchange of a front needle with another front needle, but also the front needle is removed with subsequent insertion of the same front needle, as is done, for example, when cleaning the front needle and/or the material-carrying regions of the paint spray gun.
Further embodiments and features of the invention are also disclosed herein.
In an advantageous embodiment, the front needle or the rear needle respectively has a plurality of form-fitting elements which are preferably arranged so as to be distributed axially symmetrically and/or radially symmetrically over the circumference of the front or rear needle. This means, for example, that in each case two form-fitting elements of the front needle are opposite one another, wherein a different circumferential distribution of, for example, three or more form-fitting elements is also possible, which makes it possible to ensure the coaxial alignment of the front needle and the rear needle relative to one another.
The form-fitting connection can advantageously act axially on both sides. This means that each form-fitting element has contact surfaces which are both axially at the front and axially at the rear and interact with corresponding contact surfaces of the corresponding front needle or rear needle, respectively. A play-free connection can thereby be realized. This can be achieved, for example, by form-fitting elements of the front needle and/or of the rear needle having concave contact surfaces and the corresponding form-fitting elements of the rear needle or of the front needle having corresponding convex contact surfaces. Other corresponding shapes of the contact surfaces, such as a toothing or fluting, are possible.
Advantageously, the sliding bearing surface of the securing means is coated with a friction-reducing material. In this way, frictional forces can be reduced and thus the smooth movement of the material needle in the paint spray gun can be ensured. For this purpose, the sliding bearing surface can also be provided with a lubricant for reducing friction.
In an advantageous embodiment, the sliding bearing surface of the securing means is rounded in the longitudinal direction (in a longitudinal section), for example (circular) curved or involute. Rounding makes it possible advantageously to reduce the contact surface in the sliding bearing to a line contact extending in the direction of rotation. Furthermore, the risk of tilting and the occurrence of slip-and-stick effects are reduced.
In particular, the sliding bearing surface can be rounded in the circumferential direction. The rounding can thereby, for example, be adapted to a radius of curvature of the wall of the guide channel or be selected to be smaller than the radius of curvature of the wall. Among other things, the elasticity of the securing means can thereby be increased, but above all a cross-sectional shape that is advantageous in terms of flow is achieved. If the rounding of the sliding bearing surface is greater than the radius of curvature of the wall of the guide channel, or no rounding is present, a contact can be achieved at two points spaced apart from one another.
In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the maximum static frictional force between the sliding bearing surface of the securing means and the sliding surface of the paint spray gun is smaller than the force exerted by a counter-actuating element, for example a spring, on the material needle in the direction of the longitudinal axis in the material dispensing direction and counteracting the needle stroke.
The sliding bearing surface of the securing means is advantageously continuously closed in a circumferential direction of the sliding bearing. The securing means is designed with the sliding bearing surface in the case of a cylindrical guide channel, for example as a circular disk or as a circular cylinder or as a sleeve, wherein the sheath of the circular disk or of the circular cylinder forms the sliding bearing surface. A closed sliding bearing surface can achieve precise centering of the front needle in the guide channel. Passage openings for passage of material in the longitudinal direction of the guide channel can be provided in the securing means.
Alternatively, however, the sliding bearing surface can also be designed with interruptions in a circumferential direction of the sliding bearing. In particular, the sliding bearing surface can be composed of a plurality of non-contiguous sliding bearing partial surfaces which, for example, are connected to a needle shaft of the front needle and/or the rear needle via radially projecting webs or vanes. Static overdeterminations, in particular as a result of manufacturing errors, can thereby be avoided.
In an expedient development of the invention, the sliding bearing surface can be designed to be continuously closed in the axial direction. However, the sliding bearing surface can also be designed with one or more interruptions in the axial direction. An axially continuously closed sliding bearing surface is easy to manufacture in terms of manufacturing technology. Interruptions in the sliding bearing surface are complicated in terms of manufacturing technology, but can improve sliding properties of the sliding bearing, for example by forming a lubricating film from the material to be atomized in the interruptions. The interruptions can be designed, for example, as a plurality of slots or grooves in the sliding bearing surface.
In order to produce a high angular positional accuracy of the front needle and the rear needle in the sense of a coaxiality or concentricity, the material needle advantageously has two tilting bearings which are axially spaced apart from one another, wherein each tilting bearing comprises an outer circumferential bearing surface extending in the axial direction on the front needle or the rear needle and an inner circumferential bearing surface, which extends in the axial direction and is associated with the outer circumferential bearing surface, on the rear needle or the front needle, so that the inner circumferential bearing surface encloses the outer circumferential bearing surface of each tilting bearing at least partially in contact with each other. The two tilting bearings form contact points or surfaces which prevent tilting of the front needle relative to the rear needle. Due to the tilting bearings, the front needle is statically precise and tilt-proof relative to the rear needle.
The tilting bearings can expediently be designed as cylinders and a cylinder receptacle associated with the cylinder in such a way that the inner circumferential bearing surface forms a cylinder receptacle and the outer circumferential bearing surface substantially forms a cylinder. The cylinder receptacle can, for example, be produced as a bore in the front needle or the rear needle. In another embodiment, the cylinder receptacle can also be formed by contact surfaces which bear in a punctiform or linear manner against the outer circumferential bearing surface.
For example, a pin-like projection of the rear needle or the front needle delimited by a shaft shoulder can be used as the cylinder. The cylinder and the cylinder receptacle can be manufactured with a slight interference fit. As a result, a press fit is present between the front needle and the rear needle, so that the front needle and the rear needle are also connected together in a fixed but releasable manner in a state removed from the paint spray gun. However, this connection can also be realized by an undercut in the front needle or the rear needle into which a counter element of the front needle or the rear needle engages.
It is advantageous if one of the tilting bearings is arranged at the axial rear end of the front needle or if the bearing surfaces of the front or rear needle forming the tilting bearing start at the height of the axial rear end of the front needle and extend axially in the material dispensing direction over a limited portion.
In order to achieve a material needle that is as short as possible, it is furthermore advantageous if the inner circumferential or outer circumferential bearing surface of a tilting bearing are at the same time designed as form-fitting elements of the axial form-fitting connection between the front needle and the rear needle, i.e., the form-fitting elements fulfill both the function of a tilting bearing and the function of a form-fitting connection. Such form-fitting elements enable the connection to be secured against unintentional release, even if increased forces act on the connection. Such a securing is, for example, important for application in high-pressure paint spray guns, in which a material is sprayed under pressures of 40 bar to 400 bar, which can lead to the high material pressure counteracting the opening of the material valve. In low-pressure paint spray guns, such a securing of the connection is advantageous, for example, if the front needle becomes wedged or for other reasons a higher application of force must be applied for retracting the front needle.
For a further improvement in the positional accuracy between the front and the rear needles, the front needle and/or the rear needle can expediently each form at least two form-fitting elements, respectively axially spaced apart from one another for the axial form-fitting connection between the front needle and the rear needle. In addition, the forces that can be transmitted via the form-fitting connection can be increased. High transmission forces also serve to improve the connection between the front and rear needles.
It can advantageously also be provided that the form-fitting elements are arranged in an axial front half of the front needle and—analogously the rear form-fitting elements are arranged at the height of the front half of the front needle, i.e., substantially at the axial end side on the rear needle, in particular at the axial front end of the rear needle.
It is particularly expedient if the securing means, and in particular the sliding bearing surface of the securing means, is formed axially at the height of the front form-fitting elements. The sliding bearing surface is preferably arranged axially between two axially spaced-apart form-fitting elements of the front needle or the rear needle. By means of such a positioning of the securing means or its sliding bearing surface relative to the form-fitting elements, on the one hand a force that is substantially vertical (i.e., acting in the radial direction relative to the axis of the material needle) is realized for securing the axial form-fitting connection between the front and rear needles and on the other hand a uniform division of this force onto two or more form-fitting elements of the front needle that are axially spaced apart from one another.
The axial form-fitting connection or the connection portion can be arranged at different positions within a paint spray gun. In one embodiment, the axial form-fitting connection or the connection portion can be relatively speaking arranged in the front, so that they are located within a material-carrying guide channel (paint channel). The entire front needle is preferably located in the guide channel, as a result of which the sliding bearing is partially lubricated by the material itself between the sliding surface of the wall of the guide channel and the sliding bearing surface of the securing means.
In an alternative embodiment, the axial form-fitting connection or the connection portion can be located outside the material-carrying channel, preferably in a guide channel that is sealed with respect to the material-carrying channel and arranged axially behind it. This guide channel which is not material-carrying is also referred to below as a guide bushing. The sliding bearing formed in the guide bushing can then, for example, be lubricated by means of a separate lubricant. This solution has the advantage that the entire portion of the material needle located in the material-carrying channel is formed by the front needle, and therefore no flow resistances of the detachable connection, such as the securing means represents, for example, hinder a flow of material. Furthermore, the entire part of the material needle that comes into contact with the material can be cleaned by simple removal.
In an expedient embodiment, the front needle has guide surfaces for forming a second sliding bearing with the wall of the guide channel. The second sliding bearing is in this case located at an axially different position than the first sliding bearing formed by the sliding bearing surface and the sliding surface. The coaxial alignment of the front needle and/or the rear needle is thereby ensured, and the vibration tendency of the material needle is reduced.
The guide surface of the second sliding bearing is advantageously radially rotated relative to the sliding bearing surface of the first sliding bearing, thus increasing a radial position (angular position) that differs from the radial position (angular position) of the sliding bearing surface.
It is advantageous if the form-fitting elements at least of the front needle and/or the rear needle are arranged on radially deflectable spring tongues, in particular in such a way that the spring tongues of the front needle do not touch the rear needle in the connected state in regions or over the entire axial length, or that, in the event of spring tongues arranged on the rear needle, the spring tongues of the rear needle do not touch the front needle, preferably only the form-fitting elements arranged at the ends of the spring tongues and the opposite region of the front needle or rear needle touch each other. A radial elasticity of the front needle or the rear needle can be increased in regions via the spring tongues, and, for example, a release of the axial form fitting can be facilitated. The spring tongues can be produced, for example, by introducing longitudinal slots or recesses into a closed circular cylinder surface of the front needle and/or the rear needle.
It is possible for the axial form fitting between the front needle and the rear needle to be prestressed in the radial direction, in particular by forming a pairing of the front form-fitting elements with the rear form-fitting elements as an interference fit. A release protection between the front needle and the rear needle is thereby present which prevents the front needle from releasing or falling from the rear needle when the securing means is released, for example in a maintenance state for exchanging the front needle. Otherwise, it is also possible to ensure a corresponding stiffness of the spring tongues without the need for an interference fit. In addition, the form-fitting elements can be configured such that a tactile and/or acoustic feedback arises when the front needle is connected to the/rear needle.
The axial form fitting between the front and rear needles can be
designed to be self-locking or non-self-locking with respect to an axial tensile force in a release direction. The axial form-fitting connection is expediently designed to be not self-locking, so that the form fitting can be released solely by applying an axial tensile force. In contrast to, for example, self-locking clip connections, cumbersome release handles, in which a form-fitting connection must be levered open with a tool, can be avoided.
A non-self-locking form-fitting connection can in particular be realized via a force transfer device acting between the front and rear needles. A force transfer device proposed here is to be understood as a mechanical operative surface pair in which an introduced axial tensile force is converted at least partially into a radially acting force which causes the form-fitting elements of the axial form-fitting connection between the front and the rear needles to lift off from one another. The force transfer device can be realized, for example, in the form of an inclined surface which deflects the adjacent region of the front or rear needle during a movement in the axial direction in the radial direction and thus serves to translate an axial force component into a radial force component. The smooth movement of a release process can thereby be advantageously influenced.
In one embodiment, it can be provided that the securing means is radially elastically deformable, in particular by a recess located in the securing means and/or an opening located there. As a result, the first sliding bearing can be clamped radially between the sliding bearing surface and the sliding surface of the guide channel. This allows improved centering under only slight increase in the frictional forces in the sliding bearing.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a front needle for the above-described material needle, wherein the front needle has a needle tip forming a valve seat and a connection portion with front form-fitting elements for releasable connection to a rear needle. The front needle is characterized in that the front needle comprises a radially projecting securing means, which has a sliding bearing surface, for introducing radially acting forces onto the connection portion at the height of the connection portion.
The features described in connection with the material needle can be applied analogously to the front needle.
The invention also relates to a rear needle of the above-described material needle having the features mentioned in reference to the rear needle.
The statements made above are therefore in particular not to be understood to mean that the invention is to be limited to a material needle which comprises a front needle and a rear needle. Both the front needle and the rear needle can form independent subjects of the invention. Furthermore, the material needle can also be constructed from more than two parts, which can in particular be separated from one another.
Another aspect of the invention proposes a paint spray gun having a material needle mounted in the paint spray gun, as described above. The paint spray gun comprises a material nozzle (nozzle) with a nozzle opening that defines an axis. The material needle extends along a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis of the material needle and the axis of the nozzle opening coincide. The paint spray gun comprises a guide channel which extends in the direction of the axis of the nozzle opening and in which the material needle runs at least in portions. The material needle can be moved axially in relation to the longitudinal axis in order to release or close the nozzle opening within a defined needle stroke in the guide channel. The guide channel has a sliding surface facing the axis of the nozzle opening and, with the sliding bearing surface of the securing means of the material needle, forms an axial sliding bearing for securing the axial form-fitting connection between the front needle and the rear needle.
It can be advantageous to form the sliding surface of the guide channel
from a first material and the sliding bearing surface of the securing means from a second material that is different from the first material. In particular, the guide channel can be formed from a metal or a metal alloy, while the sliding surface is formed from a technical plastic. As a result, abrasion effects can be limited substantially to the front needle serving as a wear part. On the other hand, a part of or the entire front needle forming the sliding surface can consist of a particularly abrasion-resistant material such as a metal alloy suitable for this purpose or a technical ceramic. On the other hand, only the needle tip or the front part of the front needle can also consist of such a material.
The invention also relates to a first method for exchanging a front needle of a material needle mounted in a paint spray gun having a longitudinal axis, wherein this longitudinal axis coincides with an axis of the nozzle opening defined by a nozzle opening of a material nozzle. The longitudinal axis defines a radial direction which extends circumferentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The material needle comprises a front needle, which is at the front in the axial direction, and a rear needle, which is at the rear in the axial direction, which needles are releasably connected together in order to transmit axial forces via an axially extending connection portion. The paint spray gun has a guide channel extending in the direction of the axis defined by the nozzle opening, in which guide channel the material needle is displaceable axially relative to the longitudinal axis in order to release or close the nozzle opening in an operating mode for spraying paint or another liquid within a defined needle stroke, and wherein the guide channel precisely defines a radial position of the connection portion. The axially extending connection portion of the material needle is located at least in portions in the guide channel if the material needle is located within the defined needle stroke. In order to exchange the front needle, the material needle can be displaced in a maintenance mode (maintenance state) beyond the defined needle stroke, so that the connection portion is located outside the guide channel, wherein the front needle and the rear needle can be separated from one another only and precisely if the connection portion is located outside the guide channel. To exchange the front needle, the following steps are performed:
An intermediate step is preferably carried out between the release and the connection of the same or other front needle with the rear needle. This can be the cleaning of the front needle and/or the choice of another, preferably unused front needle.
To the extent necessary, components axially closing the guide channel of the paint spray gun and/or axial stop surfaces impeding the axial movement of the material needle, such as an air cap, are to be removed from the paint spray gun in order to carry out the method.
The paint spray gun can advantageously be designed in such a way that the axial displacement of the material needle takes place beyond the defined needle stroke in the axial direction toward the rear up to a point at which the connection portion is located outside of the guide channel. This is achieved, for example, by the guide channel being designed to be open toward the rear and/or one or more components being provided which hinder a backward movement of the material needle and are attached to the paint spray gun in a removable manner and preferably provide an end stop for the rear end of the rear needle.
In another, second method for exchanging a front needle of a material needle mounted in a paint spray gun with substantially the same structure as described in connection with the first method-instead of moving the connection portion of the material needle from the guide channel by axial displacement of the material needle from the guide channel-it can be provided to remove the guide channel from the paint spray gun and thereby to release the sliding bearing between the sliding bearing surface of the securing means and the sliding surface of the guide channel, so that the securing of the axial form-fitting connection is released.
In particular, the following steps are to be carried out:
Analogous to the first method, an intermediate step is carried out between the release and the connection of the same or other front needle to the rear needle. This can be the cleaning of the front needle and/or the choice of another, preferably unused front needle.
The invention is described by way of example below with reference to
the accompanying set of figures, wherein the statements are to be understood equally in reference to a front needle according to the invention, a material needle according to the invention, and a paint spray gun according to the invention, and the method according to the invention.
In the drawings:
A material needle 3 is mounted in the circular cylindrical and hollow cylindrical paint channel F′ of the paint spray gun, so as to be displaceable axially along the longitudinal axis X of the material needle 3. The longitudinal axis X coincides with the axis X′ of the paint channel F′. The longitudinal axis X defines a radial direction R perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
In the normal state, the material needle 3 is pre-loaded by a counter-actuating element 11, which is designed here as a spring, as can be seen inter alia from
For dispensing paint from the nozzle opening 2′, an extraction element 20 of the paint spray gun 1 is manually actuated, via which the material needle 3 is displaced axially rearward over a defined needle stroke in order to release the nozzle opening 2′.
The material needle 3 is designed substantially in two parts, with a front needle 4, which is at the front in the axial direction, and a rear needle 5 connected to the front needle 4 along a connection portion V. The front needle 4 or rear needle 5 are connected together via an axial form-fitting connection.
The form-fitting connection is formed by respectively interlocking form-fitting elements 6a or 6b attached to the front needle 4 or the rear needle 5. In the embodiment shown here, the form-fitting elements 6b of the rear needle 5 are in each case two axially spaced-apart form-fitting elements 6b having a concave cross-section and formed as circumferential annular grooves at a front end of the rear-needle 5′, as can be seen from the representation of a front portion of the rear needle 4 from
Because the form-fitting elements 6a and 6b are designed to be concave-convex, the form-fitting elements 6a and 6b form a force transfer device, which causes tensile forces applied in the axial direction into radial deflection forces for lifting the form-fitting elements 6a from the form-fitting elements 6b. In other words, the form fitting connection designed in this way is designed to be not self-locking and is not designed to be releasable without a deflection of the spring tongue 14 in the radial direction R.
The form-fitting connection can be established by axially pushing the front needle 4 onto the rear needle 5 or by axially pulling the front needle 4 off of the rear needle 5.
In order to prevent a release of the axial form-fitting connection in an operating state A of the paint spray gun, the front needle 4 has a wing-like securing means 7 projecting radially from the spring tongue 14. The securing means 7 has a sliding bearing surface 8 which is shown in the axial direction with an arc shape in
The sliding bearing 10 thus formed prevents a radial deflection of the spring tongue 14 and thus a lifting of the form-fitting elements 6a from the form-fitting elements 6b. The corresponding contact of the sliding bearing surface 8 on a portion of the wall 9 of the guide channel F′, the sliding surface 9′, is apparent, for example, from
By means of such improved positional accuracy of the front needle 4, the needle tip 16 can be positioned more precisely relative to the nozzle opening 2′ or the valve seat. This results in less wear, and in particular in a more uniform wear, and thus a greater service life of the front needle 4 and a more uniform spray pattern of the paint spray gun 1.
In addition, in the embodiment shown here, the securing element 7 is designed to be radially elastically “soft,” namely web-like and with an opening O or at least a recess located in the securing element 7; see, for example,
The operating state A is understood to mean a state of the paint spray gun 1 in which the paint spray gun 1 is usable for dispensing paint or another liquid from the nozzle opening 2′ and in which, in particular, the sliding bearing surface 8 and the sliding surface 9′ are in contact.
For the best possible coaxiality of the front needle 4 with respect to the rear needle 5, which can be described via the front needle axis XV and the rear needle axis XH, the material needle 3 has two tilting bearings, namely a front tilting bearing 12a, which is in the front in the axial direction, and a rear tilting bearing 12b, which is in the rear in the axial direction, which tilting bearings prevent a tilting of the front needle 4 (front needle axis XV) relative to the rear needle 5 (rear needle axis XH).
The rear tilting bearing 12b is formed by an outer circumferential bearing surface 12b″ of the circumferential surface of a front end of the rear needle 5, which is formed by an inner circumferential bearing surface 12b′, an inner surface of an end sleeve portion at the rear end of the front needle 4. The front tilting bearing 12a is formed by the form-fitting elements 6a and 6b.
The axially spaced-apart tilting bearings 12a, 12b thereby form support points via their bearing surfaces, which support points prevent a tilting of the front needle axis XV relative to the rear needle axis XH.
The overlapping portion of the front needle 4 and the rear needle 5 between the axial front end of the rear needle 5′ and the axial rear end of the front needle 4′ forms the connection portion V.
In addition, a further guide surface 13 is integrally formed on a protruding wing in a radially protruding manner on the connection portion V of the front needle 4, in this case a guide sleeve of the front needle 4 designed as a hollow cylinder and forming the bearing surface 12b′, which further guide surface 13 forms a second slide bearing 10′ in combination with the channel wall 9 of the guide channel F′. In this case, the guide surface 13 is arranged with respect to the sliding bearing surface 8 of the securing means 7 at a different angular position in the circumferential direction U. This angular position is rotated by approximately 45° with respect to a radial position (circumferential direction) of the sliding bearing surface 8. The sliding bearing surface 8 thus defines a first radial position of the front needle 4, while the guide surface 13 determines a second radial position of the front needle 4. As a result, the front needle 4 is statically precisely determined in the guide channel F′. A corresponding contact of the guide surface 13 with the wall 9 of the guide channel F′ can be seen in
In summary, the front needle 4 can be subdivided accordingly into three functional portions, namely into the guide sleeve at the axial rear end of the front needle 4 to form a tilting bearing 12b, spring tongues 14 which adjoin axially in the material dispensing direction M, and on which are arranged radially to the inside the form-fitting elements 6a for forming an axial form-fitting connection with the rear needle 5 and at the same time the bearing surface 12a′ of the first tilting bearing 12a and also on the outside a securing means 7 having a sliding bearing surface 8 for forming the sliding bearing 10, and finally a front needle head adjoining the spring tongues 14 in the material dispensing direction and on which a needle tip 16 serving as a valve (needle valve) for opening and releasing the nozzle 2 is integrally formed.
In summary, the rear needle 5 has two annular grooves (form-fitting elements 6b) at the axial front end of the rear needle 5′ to form the axial form-fitting connection and the bearing surface 12a″; following counter to the material dispensing direction, the rear needle 5 has a bearing surface 12b′ to form the tilt bearing 12b.
In order to increase the service life, the needle tip in this embodiment is
designed in multiple parts, in this case with a ball made of a hard metal or a technical ceramic introduced as a separate component into the needle tip. The rest of the front needle 4 is made here of a fiber-reinforced construction plastic, a ceramic or a metal alloy. The rear needle 5 is made of a metal, a metal alloy or a ceramic. Wear phenomena are thereby substantially limited to the exchangeable front needle 4, so that a regular exchange of the rear needle 5 can be avoided.
To exchange the front needle 4, the paint spray gun can be set into a maintenance state B shown in
In the embodiment shown here, the maintenance state B is produced by removing an air cap 18 and a channel component 17 that forms the guide channel F′. By pulling the channel component 17 off of the sliding bearing surface 8 of the securing means 7 of the front needle 4, the axial form-fitting connection between the front needle 4 and the rear needle 5 is no longer secured, so that the front needle 4 can be pulled off by pulling it axially toward the front (to the left in the drawing plane) from the rear needle 5 under a radially elastic deflection of the horse tongue 14. The remote front needle 4 can be exchanged with a new front needle and pushed onto the rear needle 5 until an axial form-fitting connection of the form-fitting elements 6a, 6b is restored. Subsequently, the channel component 17 and then the air cap 18 are again mounted on the paint spray gun or the main body 30 of the paint spray gun 1.
The rear needle 5 can remain in the paint spray gun 1 for the exchange and need not be released, loosened or otherwise removed from the paint spray gun 1.
A corresponding embodiment of the paint spray gun 1 makes it possible to clean or, advantageously, exchange a front needle 4 quickly, easily and in particular without tools.
The rear needle 5 is mounted circumferentially over the entire circumference of the needle shaft of the rear needle 5 via a guide bushing F″ located axially behind the paint channel F′. The guide bushing F″ is sealed relative to the paint channel F′ via sealing elements D. The radial position of the rear needle 5 is precisely defined via the guide bushing F″.
Insofar as identical or similar components are also provided with the same or similar reference characters for second and subsequent embodiment variants of the invention, reference is always made to the preceding statements and only the essential differences are highlighted and explained.
The paint spray gun 1 shown in the second embodiment is a low-pressure paint spray gun 1 in a paint flow cup variant in which paint can be introduced into the paint channel F′ using gravity via a paint flow cup which can be attached to the material connection S, and the paint can be sprayed via the material nozzle 2 or the nozzle opening 2′ thereof. In contrast to the high-pressure paint spray gun of the first embodiment, the paint is not fed under high pressure into the guide channel F′ carrying the paint and atomized due to the pressure, but is entrained via a separate air flow, which comes out as atomizing air at the annular gap 26 near the nozzle opening, and is thereby atomized.
In addition to the different embodiment of the paint supply S, the nozzle 2 and the compressed air distribution, the second embodiment is distinguished by air outlet openings 18′ arranged and designed differently with regard to the valve seat and the needle tip 16 forming the valve head, which is designed here with a needle shape, i.e., with a conically tapering end, see in particular
A further difference relates to the embodiment of the second portion of the front needle 4 arranged between the needle tip 16 and the second tilting bearing 12b, which, in contrast to the first embodiment, is not open on the side and is instead designed to be circumferentially closed with a spring tongue 14, so that the front needle 4 substantially has a continuous sleeve-like shape from the axial rear end of the front needle 4′ up to the needle tip 16, wherein a sliding bearing surface 8 is integrally formed on the radially projecting and wing-like securing means 7 in the front half of the front needle 4 analogously to the first embodiment. On the inside, analogous to the first embodiment, form-fitting elements 6a which can be seen in the figures with longitudinal sections are integrally molded onto radially inwardly oriented sides.
The rear needle 5 shown in
Due to the sleeve-like design of the front needle 4, the elasticity in the
radial direction R or the deflectability of the form-fitting elements 6a relative to the first embodiment is reduced and designed to be more rigid, so that somewhat higher axial forces are necessary to release the axial form-fitting connection. As mixed forms of both configurations, the lateral recesses of the first embodiment, which are provided for easier deflectability of the spring tongues in the radial direction R and run in the direction of the longitudinal axis X, can also be of a different shape, a different length and/or width or a different depth, and, for example, non-overlapping.
However, the function of securing the axial form-fitting connection in the
operating state (
The cross-sectional design of the securing means 7 and the associated sliding bearing surface 8 can be seen in the cross-sectional view of
Furthermore, the reference signs 7′, 8″ and 10″ indicate that, in addition to the securing means 7 with the sliding bearing surface 8, the front needle comprises a diametrically opposite second securing means 7′ with an associated sliding bearing surface 8, which forms a second opposite sliding bearing 10″ with the wall 9 of the guide channel F′.
However, instead of a front needle 4 having two securing means 7, 7′, any other preferably radially symmetrical arrangement of a plurality of, and in particular precisely three, securing means 7 with correspondingly three sliding bearing surfaces 8 is also conceivable.
The third embodiment differs substantially in the arrangement and the design of the connection portion V from the first embodiment. In the third embodiment, the front needle 4 is likewise connected to the rear needle via an axial form-fitting connection which is formed by form-fitting elements 6a, 6b of the front needle 4 or the rear needle 5. However, the form-fitting elements 6b are designed as latching projections on a front end ‘of the rear needle 5’ designed in a fork-like manner with two spring tongues 14, which engage in a circumferential annular groove at the axial rear end of the front needle 4′, wherein the annular groove represents the form-fitting elements 6a.
Unlike in the first embodiment, the front, substantially cylindrical end of
the rear needle 5′ forms the securing means 7, wherein a circumferential surface of the cylindrical end of the rear needle 5′ forms the sliding bearing surface 8. The circumferential surface is mounted in a guide channel F, which is designed as a guide bushing F″ for the cylindrical front end of the rear needle 5′. The inner circumferential surface of the guide bushing F″ forms the counter bearing surface required for the sliding bearing 10 in the form of the sliding surface 9′. Via the sliding bearing 10, the axial form-fitting connection is also secured here against release as long as the connection portion V is located between the front and rear needles 4, 5 within the guide channel F″.
The securing means is released by displacement of the connection section V of the material needle along the longitudinal axis of the material needle X counter to the material dispensing direction M. The material needle is displaced in this direction until a point is reached at which the connection section V is located outside of the guide channel F″, whereby the securing means is released. This state characterizes a maintenance state B.
Depending on the design of the paint spray gun 1, as indicated here in
In addition, the rear part 22 can also serve as a material quantity regulation with which the maximum quantity of material discharged can be set. In the operating state A, the rear part 22 forms a stop for the rear end of the rear needle 5″, which stop abuts against an inner surface of the rear part 22 at a maximum deflection of the material needle counter to the material dispensing direction M, that is to say when the extraction element 20 is completely released. If this stop or the rear part 22 itself is displaced counter to the material dispensing direction M, the material needle can be deflected further counter to the material dispensing quantity M, whereby the material valve can be opened further and a larger quantity of material can be dispensed. If the rear part is displaced in opposition, i.e., in the material direction, the maximum material dispensing quantity can be reduced. The rear part preferably has an adjusting mechanism which allows a translational movement relative to the longitudinal axis X of the material needle 3, which movement preferably takes place via a rotational movement in or counter to the circumferential direction and preferably in the manner of a screw gear. Such a material quantity regulation is used, preferably with air-atomizing low-pressure paint spray guns corresponding to
As can be seen in particular from
In all the figures except
By means of the invention shown here, it is possible to produce a front needle that can be manufactured inexpensively and simply with a rear needle for use in a paint spray gun, which ensures excellent positional accuracy between a guide channel and the front needle and a front needle relative to a rear needle.
In reference to the figures and the above embodiments, preferred embodiments of the invention are described only by way of example. Other designs, materials or types of connection are conceivable and become apparent to a person skilled in the art when reading the embodiments and the prior art. All individual features of the embodiments can be combined with one another, even if this is not explicitly mentioned. This also relates to the embodiments per se. A person skilled in the art clearly recognizes if a combination is not possible or not useful. All embodiments can be applied to different types of paint spray guns, even if this is not explicitly described.
The invention described can be applied to all types of paint spray guns, even if these do not fall into the above categorization. In particular, the single-axis paint spray guns shown in the drawings 1 to 7 and 15 to 20 can also be equipped with a material valve corresponding to
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2021 124 140.5 | Sep 2021 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/075664 | 9/15/2022 | WO |
