Multiple band ligator and anoscope system and method for using same

Abstract

A hemorrhoidal ligator and anoscope system used to facilitate ligation of internal hemorrhoids. The ligating device consists of head, shaft and firing handle assemblies and is capable of storing and releasing multiple rubber bands singularly. The ligating device comprises an inner cylinder that is removable for disposal or reloading for reuse. The inner cylinder may also be configured with a disposable sleeve, the sleeve being disposable or capable of reloading. A modified loading cone is provided for facilitating loading of the rubber bands onto the inner cylinder or the inner cylinder sleeve 9. The anoscope is configured with three lateral apertures that coincide with the anatomic locations of the internal hemorrhoids in man and thus, simultaneously expose all three hemorrhoids for ligation and grading.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention is generally related to hemorrhoidal ligator and anoscope systems and, more particularly, is related to a system and method for ligation of internal hemorrhoids with a reloadable hemorrhoidal ligator and a configured anoscope.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Rubber band ligation is widely used in medicine to entrap tissue in order to obliterate tissue or occlude blood vessels. Such applications consist of the utilization of “rubber bands” to strangulate and necrose tissue, such as internal hemorrhoids.

[0004] The principle of the rubber band ligator is well-known. In fact, the original hemorrhoidal ligating instrument (the Barron's bander) is still widely-used today. Although rubber band ligators are practical for treating hemorrhoids, most rubber band ligators can only hold and place one rubber band at a time. The Barons bander is a typical, “single shot” device and, thus, necessitates reloading of the instrument for application of each rubber band. Reloading the ligator is a time consuming and fiustrating task which must occur while the patient is in an uncomfortable position. Thus, a major disadvantage of the typical ligator is the difficulty encountered in reloading the rubber bands.

[0005] In order to reduce the number of reloadings necessary during a hemorroidectomy, some ligator devices are configured to store and dispense a number of rubber bands. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,009 to Mears, a ligating band dispenser is disclosed which stores multiple rubber bands and dispenses a single band at a time from a storage position to a release position (see FIG. 1). However, like many other devices intended to store and release multiple bands, the ligating band dispenser of the type taught by Mears can be bulky, difficult to hold and use particularly in conjunction with other instruments, difficult to position accurately, have an abundance of moving parts related to dispensing of bands, and have only a limited amount of space for storage of bands. Furthermore, if more rubber bands are needed than are preloaded on the Mears-type device, then the device must be retracted, reloaded and reinserted. These actions are likely to cause discomfort to the patient and may compromise the sterility of the procedure. Such factors tend to increase the complexity, cost, and size of the ligator devices and to decrease the reliability, reusability and maneuverability of the ligator devices.

[0006] Conventionally, anoscopes have hollow cylindrical configurations and allow only limited access and viewing of internal hemorrhoid areas. For instance, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,067 to Block, many anoscopes have only a single lateral aperture to provide exposure to a single internal hemorrhoid. As such, in order to gain access to and apply a rubber band to multiple internal hemorrhoids, the operator is required to retract and reinsert the anoscope multiple times. Some anoscopes are constructed of clear material to increase visibility, while some are configured with a plurality of apertures so as to attempt to provide better access to hemorrhoid areas. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,594 to Bayer, an anoscope is provided which has a plurality of annularly spaced apertures that allow simultaneous access to multiple hemorrhoid areas (see FIG. 2). Although Bayer may reduce the number of times that insertion of the anoscope is required, the plurality of apertures in this type of anoscope must be aligned so as to properly expose the hemorrhoids, and if adjustment is required for access to an internal hemorrhoid, unnecessary discomfort may result.

[0007] Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies and to provide a ligator and anoscope system that provides access to the locations of multiple internal hemorrhoids and simultaneously supplies multiple rubber bands for ligation of multiple hemorrhoids without necessitating multiple retractions and reinsertions of the ligator and anoscope.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention provides a system and method for ligation of internal hemorrhoids. Briefly described, in architecture, one embodiment of the apparatus, among others, can be implemented as follows.

[0009] A system for ligating hemorrhoids includes a reloadable, multiple rubber band ligating device having head, shaft and handle assemblies and a three-apertured anoscope.

[0010] The head assembly of the ligating device includes two concentric cylinders, telescopically slidably opposed over each other so that the outer cylinder surrounds the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder is detachably connected to a central rod of the shaft assembly. The inner cylinder is designed to be removable from the ligating device and is further configured to accommodate the premounting of one or more rubber bands upon it. The central rod passes through an aperture in a firing handle and is secured to the firing handle by means of a spring clip or ratchet mechanism located in relation to the firing handle aperture. In this manner, the inner cylinder can be removed and replaced with another preloaded inner cylinder while the ligating device is in use without retraction of the entire ligating device.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the inner cylinder is modified to incorporate a shoulder against which a replaceable inner cylinder sleeve may be abutted. Thus, the inner cylinder is surrounded with a disposable sleeve upon which the multiple rubber bands can be mounted. In this manner, the inner cylinder itself is not replaced; instead, the inner cylinder sleeves which surround the inner cylinder are replaced, thus producing a reusable multiple rubber band ligator device. The use of a disposable inner cylinder sleeve is very cost effective as it reduces the amount of material for the ligator device that must be sterilized or thrown away.

[0012] The shaft assembly comprises a central rod, which is slidably enclosed within a surrounding outer rod. The central rod is detachably connected (e.g. by a screw and threading) to the inner cylinder of the head assembly, and the outer rod is affixed to the outer cylinder. In one embodiment of the device, the central rod passes through an aperture in the proximal aspect of the firing handle and is secured to the firing handle by means of a “V” or “N” shaped spring clip or ratchet mechanism located in relation to the aperture. By activating the firing handle, the central rod is retracted and the inner cylinder is withdrawn within the outer cylinder. As the inner cylinder is retracted within the outer cylinder, rubber bands are released from the end of the inner cylinder and ligate the targeted tissue.

[0013] To reload or replace the inner cylinder, the spring clip or ratchet is released. The central rod is then pushed forward, the inner cylinder detached from the central rod and a new inner cylinder attached. In this manner, one or more rubber bands are premounted on the new inner cylinder of the head assembly, such that after each firing, the inner cylinder is replaced by a preloaded inner cylinder. The central rod is then pulled back and the inner cylinder slid within the outer cylinder. The spring clip or ratchet is then re-engaged back to its original position prior to firing. This configuration provides the ability to reload the ligator by a simpler and less time consuming method.

[0014] In one embodiment of the ligator, forceps may be passed through the head assembly and used to grasp hemorrhoidal tissue for ligation. Alternatively, tissue may be aspirated into the head of the instrument by suction applied via a suction channel in the central rod, which communicates with the head assembly. It is anticipated that in enclosing the head of the instrument to make it airtight, one may use a magnifying lens to optimize visualization of the anal canal and hemorrhoidal areas. Having aspirated tissue into the instrument head, the firing handle is activated and the tissue is ligated.

[0015] Furthermore, a cylindrical anoscope is utilized to expose all three internal hemorrhoids simultaneously. The anoscope is configured for telescopically receiving the ligator device in that the anoscope is a hollow, tapering cylinder, with three apertures located on its distal aspect. These apertures are located at the three, seven and eleven o'clock positions, which are the normal anatomic location of internal hemorrhoids in man (in the prone position). Thus, the anoscope is configured to expose all three internal hemorrhoids simultaneously. In this respect, having once inserted the anoscope and removed the central obturator, all three internal hemorrhoids are accessible by virtue of the location of the lateral apertures in the anoscope to a ligator device which is inserted through the hollow cylinder of the anoscope. Thus, ligation of the internal hemorrhoids is facilitated by means of the multiple ligator or other instrument (e.g. infra-red coagulator, stapling device or cryo-ablation), and discomfort from repeated insertions is minimized. The anoscope of the present invention may also be used to quantitatively grade hemorrhoids as the apertures provide a means of comparing the sizing of the internal hemorrhoids.

[0016] The present invention can also be viewed as providing methods for accessing and ligating internal hemorrhoids. In this regard, one embodiment of such a method, among others, can be broadly summarized by the following steps: insertion of anoscope in alignment with the three, seven and eleven o'clock positions; isolating the internal hemorrhoids; retraction of tissue to be ligated; application of rubber bands onto tissue using a multiple band ligator device; reloading of the ligator device if necessary; and retraction of the ligator and anoscope.

[0017] Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present invention will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Many aspects of the invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

[0019] FIG. 1 is a prior art ligator;

[0020] FIG. 2 is a prior art anoscope;

[0021] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the head assembly, showing detachable inner cylinder and premounted rubber band(s);

[0022] FIG. 4 is side view of the firing handle mechanism and central rod configuration;

[0023] FIG. 5A is an end view of the anoscope showing the three apertures at the three, seven and eleven o'clock positions;

[0024] FIG. 5B is a side view of the anoscope showing the three longitudinal apertures located at the normal anatomic sites of the three internal hemorrhoids in man;

[0025] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a modified loading cone; and

[0026] FIG. 7 is a side view of the multiple band ligator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0027] A hemorrhoidal ligator device for applying multiple rubber bands to desired tissue comprising a head assembly 10 for protrusion into the internal cavities of a life form, where the head assembly 10 includes an inner cylinder 12 and an outer cylinder 11 arranged in telescopic slidable relationship with respect to each other. The inner cylinder 12 includes an end portion that protrudes beyond the outer cylinder 11 and which inner cylinder 12 is preloaded with a plurality of rubber bands 13. The outer cylinder 11 having an inner dimension for engaging the rubber bands 13 mounted on the end portion of the inner cylinder 12 such that the rubber bands are urged off the end portion of the inner cylinder 12 when said outer cylinder 11 is slid about the inner cylinder 12.

[0028] The ligator device further comprises a shaft assembly 20 including a central rod 14 having a first end connected to the inner cylinder 12 and a second end for protruding out beyond the internal aspects of a life form. The outer rod 17 having a first end connected to the outer cylinder 11 of the head assembly 10 and a second end for protruding out beyond the internal aspects of the life form. In this regard, the inner cylinder 12 and outer cylinder 11 can be manipulated internal to the life form by movement of the shaft assembly 20 from outside the life form.

[0029] The ligator device further includes a handle assembly 30 mounted to the second ends of the central rod 14 and the outer rod 17 for use in manipulating the inner cylinder 12 and outer cylinder 11. Thus, the ligator device of the present invention consists of three basic parts: a head assembly 10, handle assembly 20 and shaft assembly 30.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 3, the head assembly 10 of the ligator is comprised of two concentric cylinders 11, 12. The outer cylinder 11 of the head is slidably disposed about the inner cylinder 12. One or more rubber bands 13 are premounted on the inner cylinder 12. With this configuration, the rubber bands 13 are, therefore, located on the same circumferential plane as the outer cylinder 11. As the inner cylinder 12 is withdrawn through the outer cylinder 11, the rubber bands 13 are forced from the inner cylinder 12 and onto tissue drawn within the head assembly 10. In this manner, the tissue is ligated.

[0031] As further shown in FIG. 3, the inner cylinder 12 is detachably affixed to a central rod 14. In one embodiment, the length of the central rod may be approximately between 6 and 8 inches; however, it is anticipated that the length of the central rod or overall length of the ligator device may be adjusted. In a preferred embodiment, a screw 15 and thread 16 attachment is used to detachably affix the inner cylinder 12 and the central rod 14; however, any means of detachably affixing the central rod 14 to the inner cylinder 12 may be used. The inner cylinder 12 of the head assembly 10 connects to the central rod 14, while the outer cylinder 11 is secured to the outer rod 17. In a preferred embodiment, the outer cylinder 11 is fixedly attached to the outer rod 17; however the outer cylinder 11 and the outer rod may be detachably secured in an alternative embodiment. In this manner, as the firing handle is activated, the inner cylinder 12 is retracted rearward and withdrawn within the outer cylinder 11.

[0032] In one embodiment, the inner cylinder 12 is configured to be removed and reloaded with additional multiple rubber bands 13. In another embodiment, the inner cylinder 12 is configured to be removed and replaced with another preloaded replacement inner cylinder. In a further embodiment, the inner cylinder 12 is configured to be removable and is further configured with a shoulder against which a disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 is abutted. In this manner, the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 is opposed about the inner cylinder 12 and another preloaded disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 may be used to replace the disposable sleeve after firing. That is, the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 is configured with multiple rubber bands 13 upon it and is replaced after firing with another disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 4, the handle 20 and shaft 30 assemblies are shown. In one embodiment of the present invention, the central rod 14 passes through an aperture 19 in the proximal aspect of the firing handle 21. Immediately posterior to the aperture 19, the central rod 14 passes through a “V” or “N” shaped spring clip 18, which secures the central rod 14 in place during firing of the ligator.

[0034] It is anticipated that other alternative configurations of the spring clip 18 may include any means of temporarily securing the central rod 14 to the firing handle 21 mechanism. By way of example, as shown in FIG. 7, the spring clip 18 may be replaced with serrations 74 along the central rod 14. In this manner, pulling the firing handle 21 withdraws the rod 14 by means of a ratchet mechanism. In the ratchet configuration, a first spring 75 is used to draw the serrated central rod 14 rearward and a second spring 76 is used to stabilize and prevent forward slippage of the central rod 14.

[0035] In one configuration of the present invention, the handle assembly 20 is comprised of a firing handle 21 having two opposing grips 22 and 23, a pivot 24 and a spring 25. The firing handle 21 is articulated by means of a pivot 24, and is returned to the original position after firing by means of a spring 25 located within the grips 22, 23. During firing, the central rod 14 is retracted by the firing handle 21 by means of a slidable spring clip 18, or ratchet mechanism, which secures the central rod 14 to the firing handle 21 during firing. The central rod 14 is retracted by activating the firing handle 21 by the two opposing grips 22 and 23. Retraction of the central rod 14 causes the inner cylinder 12 to retract and forces the rubber bands 13 off the end of the inner cylinder 12.

[0036] To reload the inner cylinder 12, the spring clip 18 or ratchet mechanism is disengaged from the central rod 14, so releasing the central rod 14. The central rod 14 may then be advanced forward and the inner cylinder 12 may be detached for reloading or replacement. The inner cylinder 12 may then be detached and replaced with a preloaded cylinder or reloaded. Once the inner cylinder 12 is replaced, the central rod 14 is returned to its original position, and the spring clip 18 or ratchet mechanism is re-engaged back to its original position prior to firing.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 6, a modified loading cone 40 is used to preload the inner cylinder 12 or the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9. In this manner, the inner cylinder 12 or the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 of the head assembly 10 may be reloaded with multiple rubber bands 13 using the modified loading cone.

[0038] In application, tissue that is to be ligated will be drawn into the head assembly 10 of the ligating device by using either grasping forceps or a suction mechanism. The grasping forceps are passed through the head assembly 10, and tissue is grasped and retracted into the head of the instrument. Alternatively, a suction mechanism may be utilized to draw tissue within the head of the instrument. While the tissue is retracted, the ligating device is fired and one or more bands are secured around the tissue. In this manner, the tissue is ligated.

[0039] If a suction mechanism is utilized, this embodiment consists of a hollow central rod 14, which transmits suction pressure from an external source, to the head of the ligating device. In this embodiment, the head assembly 10 is modified by enclosing the rear aspect of the head assembly 10 with a clear plastic disc or lens, to render the head assembly into a closed, airtight system. In another embodiment, the clear plastic disc or lens that is used to enclose the head assembly may be a magnifying lens that optimizes visualization of the anal canal and hemorrhoidal areas. Suction is transmitted to the ligating device via flexible suction tubing, which detachably affixes to the rear aspect of the hollow central rod 14. Alternatively, an internal suction source may be configured into the ligating device by, for example, the incorporation of a suction bulb into the device. By activating and releasing the suction bulb, suction is generated which aspirates tissue into the head of the ligating device for appropriate ligation with the bands 13.

[0040] Although the present ligating device has been described for use in ligation of internal hemorrhoids, it is anticipated that this device may be useful for other applications involving the banding of tissue with a ligating device, such as, but not limited to esophageal varices, hemorrhages, etc.

[0041] The present ligator device facilitates reloading the rubber band dispenser, reduces or eliminates the need to retract and reinsert the anoscope and ligator into the patient, easily facilitates accurate placement of one or more rubber bands about tissue to be ligated, and utilizes a simple design to dispense the bands one at a time. Compared with other multiple band ligator devices, the present ligator is inexpensive and is substantially, if not completely, re-useable because of the reloadable or replaceable inner cylinder or disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9.

[0042] In performing a hemorroidectomy using the banding procedure, it is necessary to insert an anoscope to expose the hemorrhoids in the anal canal. In man, the three internal hemorrhoids are located at fairly constant locations within the anal canal: left lateral, right anterior and right posterior positions. These positions are equivalent to the three, seven and eleven o'clock locations, with the patient in the prone position. Other, prior art, anoscopes are configured to either expose only one hemorrhoid location at a time or are configured with a plurality of apertures. With an anoscope having only one aperture, the placement of the anoscope must be precise and movement to expose other hemorrhoids requires the retraction and reinsertion of the device. For anoscopes having a plurality of apertures, careful placement is also required to expose as many of the multiple hemorrhoids as possible. Imprecise placement of the prior art anoscopes requires retraction and reinsertion or adjustment of the device internally, both of which are time consuming and result in discomfort to the patient.

[0043] The three-aperture configuration of the present anoscope 50 addresses the deficiencies of the prior art. Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the present anoscope 50 is comprised of a hollow cylinder 56, tapered at its distal aspect for ease of insertion. A central removable obturator 57 extends beyond the distal tip of the anoscope 50, for ease of insertion. The obturator 57 is made of a smooth, low-friction material and has a smooth, rounded tip 58 to permit easy introduction of the anoscope 50. Having introduced the anoscope 50, the obturator 57 is removed to permit examination of and access to the internal hemorrhoids.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 5A, at its distal aspect, the anoscope 50 has three lateral apertures 59a, b, c, located at the three, seven and eleven o'clock positions. The lateral apertures 59a, b, c coincide with the normal anatomic location of the internal hemorrhoids in a patient in the prone position. Thus, using the present anoscope 50, a single insertion of the anoscope therefore allows simultaneous access to all three internal hemorrhoids. The three lateral apertures 59a, b, c extend in a longitudinal direction, in the plane of the anoscope 50 and extend approximately half-way along the length of the anoscope 50. In one configuration of the current device the width of the apertures is equal to one sixth of the total circumference of the tip of the anoscope, In this configuration, the combined width of the three apertures is equal to one half of the circumference of the tip of the anoscope.

[0045] A flange or shoulder 54 is located at the proximal aspect of the anoscope 50 so as to optimize exposure of the anal canal and to facilitate visualization through the anoscope 50. A handle 51 extends from the proximal flange or shoulder 54 and extends at an angle away from the axis of the anoscope 50. This handle 51 provides a means of inserting, withdrawing and rotating the anoscope. The handle 51 incorporates a housing 52 for the attachment of an external light source and a fiber optical cable or rod 53 which transmits the light from the external source, into the lumen of the anoscope 50 for the purpose of illuminating the interior of the anal canal.

[0046] The location of the handle 51 in relation to the anoscope 50 may be in the twelve o'clock or six o'clock positions in order to assure proper positioning of the apertures of the anoscope to the corresponding hemorrhoid locations in man. When the handle 51 is configured in the twelve o'clock position relative to the anoscope 50, the apertures 59a, b, c of the anoscope 50 are correctly oriented in relation to the internal hemorrhoids for a patient in the prone position. When, alternatively, the handle 51 is configured in the six o'clock position, the apertures 59a, b, c of the anoscope 50 are correctly oriented in relation to the internal hemorrhoids for a patient in the supine position.

[0047] The present anoscope also makes it possible to quantitatively grade internal hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are currently graded according to patient history as: Grade I, no prolapse; Grade II, spontaneous reduction after prolapse; Grade III, requiring manual reduction after prolapse; Grade IV, prolapsed and irreducible. This method is subjective, qualitative and dependent upon individual patient interpretation. Using the current anoscope, specifically with each of three apertures comprising one sixth of the anoscope circumference, it is possible to grade internal hemorrhoids in a quantitative manner. Internal hemorrhoids may be graded as: Grade I, extending <0.5 of the radius of the anoscope; Grade II extending >0.5 of the radius and Grade III extending >1.0 of the radius i.e. contact between two or three hemorrhoids at the center of the anoscope. Grade IV (prolapsed and irreducible) remains unchanged from the previous system. Thus, the present anoscope provides an objective and quantitative method of grading internal hemorrhoids and represents an improvement over the previous method.

[0048] Reference is made to FIG. 6 showing a modification of a conventional loading cone. Loading cones are used to load rubber bands 13 onto prior art ligating instrunents. The conventional loading cone has been modified to facilitate the preloading of multiple rubber bands 13 on the detachable inner cylinder 12 or the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 using a modified loading cone 40. The loading cone 40 incorporates a shouldered mandrel 47, at the rear aspect of the cone 40, and a tapered front section 46 for ease in maneuvering the rubber bands 13 onto the cone 40. The diameter of the interior of the inner cylinder 12 is greater than that of the exterior of the mandrel of the shouldered mandrel 47 such that the inner cylinder 12 of the current ligating device slides into the shouldered mandrel 47, and multiple rubber bands 13 may be slid over the loading cone 40 and onto the inner cylinder 12. In this respect, the diameter of the shouldered mandrel 47 should be less than that of the greatest diameter of the tapered front section 46 of the loading cone 40. Additionally, the diameter of the inner cylinder 12 should be equivalent to or less than the greatest diameter of the loading cone 40 such that the rubber bands 13 are transitioned easily from the loading cone 40 onto the inner cylinder 12. Once the inner cylinder 12 is loaded with rubber bands 13, the inner cylinder 12 is detached from the cone 40 and is ready for attachment onto the ligator device prior to firing.

[0049] The preferred method for treating internal hemorrhoids using the rubber band ligator and anoscope 50, involves introducing the anoscope 50 and obturator 57 into the anal canal. When the obturator 57 is removed, all three internal hemorrhoids are exposed in their usual anatomic location, through the lateral apertures 59a, b, c of the anoscope 50. In conjunction with the multiple band hemorrhoidal ligator, all three internal hemorrhoids can be ligated without re-introducing the anoscope 50. Furthermore, the ligator by virtue of its removable inner cylinder 12, may be quickly reloaded with multiple rubber bands if necessary without removing the anoscope and without significant delay associated with single band devices. Thus, this technique, comprising the system of the three-apertured anoscope and rubber band ligator described herein, renders the hemorroidectomy procedure simpler, faster and less painful for the patient.

[0050] It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention, particularly, any “preferred” embodiments, are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the invention without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the invention. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A system for ligation of internal hemorrhoids, comprising: a ligator device comprised of a head assembly; a shaft assembly having opposed first and second ends, said first end mounted to said head assembly; a handle assembly mounted to said second end of said shaft assembly, and said head assembly including a removable member that stores multiple rubber bands and releases said rubber bands individually for ligation; and a three-apertured anoscope device sized and shaped to telescopically receive said head assembly.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the head assembly includes concentric inner and outer cylinders, said cylinders being slidably opposed over each other so that the outer cylinder surrounds the inner cylinder; said shaft assembly including an outer rod connected to said outer cylinder and a central rod connected to said inner cylinder, said outer cylinder being secured to the outer rod; the inner cylinder configured to accommodate two or more rubber bands about the inner cylinder on the same circumferential plane as the outer cylinder; and the inner cylinder is removable.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the inner cylinder is detachably connected to said central rod with a screw and thread attachment.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the outer cylinder is detachably connected to said outer rod.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein said central and outer rods are telescopically mounted to each other.

6. The system of claim 2, wherein the inner cylinder is configured for removal for reloading with multiple rubber bands and replacement within the ligator device for reuse.

7. The system of claim 2, wherein the inner cylinder is configured to be removed after firing of said multiple rubber bands and replaced with another preloaded inner cylinder.

8. The system of claim 2, wherein the inner cylinder is configured with a shoulder against which a disposable inner cylinder sleeve is abutted; the disposable inner cylinder sleeve configured to surround said inner cylinder; the disposable inner cylinder sleeve configured with one or more premounted rubber bands; and the disposable inner sleeve configured for removal and replacement after firing of the rubber bands with another preloaded disposable inner cylinder sleeve.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the shaft assembly is comprised of a central rod being slidably opposed by an outer rod so that the outer rod surrounds the central rod; the central rod being detachably connected to an inner cylinder of the head assembly; the central rod passing through an aperture in a firing handle of the handle assembly and being secured to said firing handle; and the outer rod being connected to an outer cylinder of the head assembly.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the central rod has a length of between approximately 6 inches and approximately 8 inches.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a spring clip, so that when the spring clip is released, the central rod is retracted and the inner cylinder is withdrawn within the outer cylinder and rubber bands are released from the inner cylinder.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a ratcheting mechanism, said ratcheting mechanism comprised of serrations along a proximal end of the central rod, a first spring used to withdraw the serrated central rod and a second spring used to stabilize and prevent forward slippage of the central rod, so that when the firing handle is activated, the central rod is retracted and the inner cylinder is withdrawn within the outer cylinder and rubber bands are released from the inner cylinder.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the handle assembly is comprised of firing handle having two opposing grips, a pivot and a spring located between said opposing grips.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the three-apertured anoscope comprises a hollow cylinder, tapered at its distal aspect and configured with three apertures; a removable obturator, comprised of a smooth, low-friction material and having a smooth, rounded tip which extends beyond the distal aspect of said hollow cylinder; a flange located at a proximal aspect of said hollow cylinder; and a handle extending from said proximal flange.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the three apertures each extend approximately one-half of a length of the anoscope along a lateral plane of the anoscope.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the apertures have a width approximately equivalent to one-sixth of a total circumference of the anoscope.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the apertures are configured to correspond to normal hemorrhoid locations in a patient, said normal hemorrhoid locations being at three o'clock, seven o'clock and eleven o'clock locations when a patient is in a prone position.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the apertures provide a means for quantitatively grading internal hemorrhoids, as the hemorrhoids may be sized relative to the width of the apertures, where each of three apertures comprises one sixth of the anoscope circumference; internal hemorrhoids may be graded as: Grade I, extending <0.5 of the radius of the anoscope; Grade II extending >0.5 of the radius; Grade III extending >1.0 of the radius; and Grade IV prolapsed and irreducible.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the handle is configured at an angle away from an axis of the anoscope such that when the handle is located in a twelve o'clock position, the apertures of the anoscope are properly oriented for normal hemorrhoid locations in a patient in a prone position.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the handle is configured at an angle away from an axis of the anoscope such that when the handle is located in a six o'clock position, the apertures of the anoscope are properly oriented for normal hemorrhoid locations in a patient in a supine position.

21. The system of claim 14, wherein the handle is further configured with a housing for attachment of an external light source.

22. The system of claim 1, further comprising a modified loading cone, said loading cone configured with a tapered front section for maneuvering of rubber bands onto the loading cone and a shouldered recess for attachment of said loading cone with an inner cylinder or inner cylinder sleeve of said head assembly.

23. The system of claim 1, wherein the ligator device is configured to permit the introduction of grasping forceps through the head assembly so as to grasp tissue to be ligated and draw said tissue into the head assembly for ligation.

24. The system of claim 1, wherein the ligator device is configured with a suction mechanism, wherein the central rod is hollow and the head assembly is enclosed so as to render the head assembly airtight, suction is transmitted to the ligator device from a source connected to a rear aspect of the hollow central rod, and suction aspirates tissue to be ligated into the head assembly for ligation.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the head assembly is enclosed with a magnifying lens so as to render the head assembly airtight and optimize visualization during a ligation procedure.

26. A system for ligation of internal hemorrhoids comprising an apertured anoscope, a multiple rubber band ligator device and a modified loading cone device, wherein the anoscope is configured with multiple apertures; wherein the ligator device is configured to store multiple rubber bands on an inner cylinder and further configured to release a single rubber band at a time from the inner cylinder; and wherein the modified loading cone is configured for attachment to the removable inner cylinder to facilitate loading of rubber bands onto said inner cylinder.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the anoscope is configured with three apertures, said apertures configured to correspond to normal hemorrhoid locations in a patient, thus permitting simultaneous access to three normal locations for internal hemorrhoids, said apertures extend laterally in a longitudinal direction approximately half-way along a length of the anoscope, and said apertures having a width approximately equivalent to one-sixth of a circumference of the anoscope.

28. The system of claim 26, wherein the ligator device is comprised of an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central rod, an outer rod, and a firing handle.

29. The system of claim 28, wherein the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are detachably affixed, the outer cylinder and the outer rod are fixedly attached, and the central rod is secured to the firing handle, such that movement of the firing handle withdraws the central rod, which in turn withdraws the inner cylinder and a single rubber band is released from the inner cylinder.

30. The system of claim 28, wherein the inner cylinder is configured for removal for reloading with multiple rubber bands and replacement within the ligator device for reuse.

31. The system of claim 28, wherein the inner cylinder is configured for removal after firing of said multiple rubber bands and replacement with another preloaded inner cylinder.

32. The system of claim 28, wherein the inner cylinder is configured with a shoulder against which a disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 is abutted; the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 configured to surround said inner cylinder; the disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9 configured with one or more premounted rubber bands; and the disposable inner sleeve configured for removal and replacement after firing of the rubber bands with another preloaded disposable inner cylinder sleeve 9.

33. The system of claim 29, wherein the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a spring clip, so that when the spring clip is released, the central rod is retracted and the inner cylinder is withdrawn within the outer cylinder and rubber bands are released from the inner cylinder.

34. The system of claim 29, wherein the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a ratcheting mechanism, said ratcheting mechanism comprising serrations along a proximal end of the central rod, a first spring used to withdraw the serrated central rod and a second spring used to stabilize and prevent forward slippage of the central rod, so that when the firing handle is activated, the central rod is retracted and the inner cylinder is withdrawn within the outer cylinder and rubber bands are released from the inner cylinder.

35. The system of claim 26, wherein the modified loading cone is configured with a tapered front section and a shouldered recess which receives an inner cylinder to facilitate the loading of multiple rubber bands onto the inner cylinder.

36. A method for ligating internal hemorrhoids, comprising the steps of: insertion of an apertured anoscope to reveal an anal canal, wherein the apertures of said anoscope correspond to the normal positions of internal hemorrhoids in man; activation of a multiple rubber band ligator device to ligate internal hemorrhoids, wherein the ligator device is comprised of an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central rod, an outer rod, and a firing handle; and retraction of ligator device and anoscope.

37. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of reloading of said ligator device with rubber bands, wherein reloading is comprised of removing said inner cylinder from ligator device; connecting said inner cylinder to a cone loader; using said cone loader to load multiple rubber bands onto said inner cylinder; and reinserting said inner cylinder into said ligator device.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of reloading of said ligator device with rubber bands is comprised of the steps of removing said inner cylinder from ligator device and replacing said inner cylinder with a preloaded replacement inner cylinder.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of reloading of said ligator device with rubber bands is comprised of the steps of removing said inner cylinder from ligator device, wherein the inner cylinder is configured with a shoulder against which a disposable inner cylinder sleeve is abutted, said inner cylinder sleeve being further configured with one or more preloaded rubber bands, and replacing said inner cylinder sleeve with a preloaded replacement inner cylinder sleeve.

40. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of properly orienting said apertures in the anoscope, wherein the anoscope is configured with a handle and said handle insures proper orientation when the anoscope is inserted with the handle at a twelve o'clock position, such that said apertures correspond to the normal positions of internal hemorrhoids in man in a prone position, said normal positions of internal hemorrhoids being three o'clock, seven o'clock and eleven o'clock positions.

41. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of properly orienting said apertures in the anoscope, wherein the anoscope is configured with a handle and said handle insures proper orientation when the anoscope is inserted with the handle at a six o'clock position, such that said apertures correspond to the normal positions of internal hemorrhoids in man in a supine position, said normal positions of internal hemorrhoids being three o'clock, seven o'clock and eleven o'clock positions.

42. The method of claim 36, wherein the step of operating a multiple rubber band ligator device further comprises the steps of: insertion of the ligator device through the anoscope into the anal canal; aligning the ligator device with a hemorrhoid to be ligated; retraction of tissue to be ligated into the ligator device; application of a rubber band about the tissue to be ligated; release of ligated tissue from ligator device; and retraction of ligator device.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the tissue to be ligated is retracted into the ligator device using forceps passed through a head assembly of the ligator device.

44. The method of claim 42, wherein the tissue to be ligated is retracted into the ligator device using a suction mechanism, said suction aspirates said tissue into a closed, airtight head assembly of the litigation device, where said suction is transmitted to the head assembly of the ligator device via a hollow central rod.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein a magnification lens is utilized to close and render airtight the head assembly, said magnification lens further configured to optimize visualization of ligation procedure.

46. The method of claim 42, wherein the step of the application of a rubber band is accomplished using the ligator device, where said ligator device comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central rod, an outer rod, and a firing handle; the inner cylinder is detachably connected to the central rod; the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a spring clip; and activation of the firing handle releases the spring clip, where releasing the spring clip retracts the central rod and withdraws the inner cylinder within the outer cylinder, thus releasing rubber bands from the inner cylinder.

47. The method of claim 42, wherein the step of the application of a rubber band is accomplished using the ligator device, where said ligator device comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder, a central rod, an outer rod, and a firing handle; the inner cylinder is detachably connected to the central rod; the central rod is secured to the firing handle with a ratcheting mechanism; said ratcheting mechanism comprising serrations along a proximal end of the central rod, a first spring used to withdraw the serrated central rod and a second spring used to stabilize and prevent forward slippage of the central rod; and activation of the firing handle releases the first spring, where releasing the first spring retracts the central rod and withdraws the inner cylinder within the outer cylinder, thus releasing rubber bands from the inner cylinder.

48. A ligator device for applying bands to internal organs of animal life comprising: a head assembly for protruding into the animal including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder arranged in telescopic slidable relationship with respect to each other, said inner cylinder including an end portion for protruding beyond said outer cylinder and supporting thereabout a plurality of rubber bands, and said outer cylinder having an inner dimension for engaging the rubber bands mounted on said end portion of said inner cylinder and urging the rubber bands off said end portion of said inner cylinder when said outer cylinder is slid about the inner cylinder, and a shaft assembly including a central rod having a first end connected to said inner cylinder and a second end for protruding out of the animal, and an outer rod having a first end connected to said outer cylinder and a second end for protruding out of the animal, so that the inner and outer cylinders can be manipulated in the animal by movement of said shaft assembly from outside the animal.

49. The ligator device of claim 48, and further including a handle mounted to said second ends of said central and outer rods for manipulating said inner and outer cylinders.

50. The ligator device of claim 48, wherein said first and second cylinders define an elongated passage through which surgical instruments can pass, and said handle projects away from said elongated passage so as to not interfere with the passing of surgical instruments through said elongated passage.

51. The ligator device of claim 49, and wherein said handle includes a trigger for engaging and moving said central and outer rods with respect to each other, so that said inner and outer cylinders also move with respect to each other and urge a rubber band off said inner cylinder.

52. The ligator device of claim 48, wherein said first and second cylinders define an elongated passage through which surgical instruments can pass.

53. The ligator device of claim 48, and further including a rubber band loading cone defining a mandrel configured to fit in said end portion of said inner cylinder and a tapered head of a breadth corresponding to the exterior breadth of said inner cylinder and suitable for transferring rubber bands from said tapered head onto said end portion of said inner cylinder

54. The ligator device of claim 48, and further including a three-apertured anoscope for insertion in a cavity of an animal defining an internal passage configured to slidably receive said outer cylinder.