Patent Grant
7926941
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to lenses. More specifically, the present invention provides lenses having multiple vision zones with reduced distortion and reduced visibility of any included discontinuities.
2. Background Art
Multifocal lenses generally have two or more adjacent regions of different optical power to provide multiple vision zones. Examples of traditional multifocal lenses include bifocals, trifocals, and progressive addition lenses. The multiple vision zones of a multifocal lens allow a wearer to more clearly view differently spaced objects using different vision zone correction prescriptions. A typical wearer of a multifocal lens may have a first vision correction prescription for viewing distant objects and a second vision correction prescription for viewing near objects.
Many multifocal lenses are lined lenses. That is, many multifocal lenses have a discontinuity separating each vision zone that can be seen by someone looking at a wearer of the lens. As a result, many individuals find lined multifocals to be cosmetically unappealing. Additionally, a wearer of a lined multifocal lens will perceive the effects of traversing the multiple discontinuities when the wearer's line of sight crosses the boundaries of the vision zones. The traversal of any such discontinuity can cause an image jump perceptible to the wearer. Experiencing an image jump can be visually disturbing and distracting to the wearer. Accordingly, experiencing multiple image jumps in a multifocal lens that provides two or more vision zones exacerbates the discomfort of the user.
Blended multifocals can reduce the effects of the abrupt discontinuity between two adjacent regions of different optical powers. Generally, a blend zone is provided between the two different optical power regions to provide a relatively smooth transition from the optical power of the initial zone to the optical power of the adjacent zone. Such blending can improve the aesthetics of a multifocal lens by reducing the visibility of the discontinuity between the adjacent regions. However, blend zones are typically unusable portions of a lens due to poor resulting optics associated with the blend zone. Therefore, using a blend zone to reduce the visibility of an optical discontinuity can reduce the usability of the vision zones of a multifocal lens by reducing their size. Further, blend zones can introduce their own unique disturbances as experienced by a wearer when traversed by a wearer's line of sight. Such disturbances can be introduced by the blending of the optical power which can create unwanted astigmatism and distortion across the blend zone.
Due to the disadvantages of traditional multifocals (lined or blended), many individuals opt to wear multiple pairs of spectacle lenses or choose to wear a progressive lens. Progressive lenses generally provide a smooth continuous change in optical power between different regions of a lens. While many individuals find progressive lenses to be more appealing cosmetically, they too are often accompanied by many disadvantages. For example, many progressive lenses have narrow channels or vision zones, cause wearers to experience an unpleasant visual motion known as swim, and have large amounts of distortion (e.g., unwanted astigmatism) in the periphery of the lens.
Many prior art lens designs have attempted to improve upon the deficiencies of traditional multifocal lenses yet continue to suffer from significant drawbacks. FIG. 11 illustrates a front and side view of a prior art multifocal lens design described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,220 to Keren. Keren describes a multifocal lens having a progressive region 1104 and a diffractive segment 1102. The diffractive segment 1102 can be on the front or back surface of the multifocal lens. The multifocal lens is made up of a single material and comprises a single layer. The diffractive segment 1102 is limited to being positioned over the intermediate region of the progressive region 1104 only. The diffractive segment 1102 does not contribute optical power to the far distance or near distance vision zones of the multifocal lens. Instead, the diffractive segment 1102 contributes multiple different optical powers to the intermediate region only. The multiple different optical powers are not additive and can make the intermediate region uncomfortable to a wearer. Overall, the multifocal lens described in Keren provides only three vision zones with only two vision zones (the near vision and the distance vision zones) being stable.
FIG. 12 illustrates a front and side view of a prior art multifocal lens design described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,550 to Legendre. Legendre describes a multifocal lens having a progressive region 1202 and a refractive segment 1204 superposed in the near vision zone of the progressive region 1202. The refractive segment 1204 can be placed on top of the multifocal lens or can be positioned within the multifocal lens. The refractive segment 1204, when buried, does not form a separate layer of the multifocal lens. The refractive segment 1204 introduces a discontinuity 1206 around the near vision zone which can be very disturbing to a wearer. The refractive segment 1204 does not contribute to the optical power provided in the intermediate or far distance vision zones of the lens. Due to the increase in near vision power from the superposed refractive segment 1204, the power ramp up of the intermediate region of the progressive region 1202 must be increased significantly. As a result, unwanted astigmatism is increased in the lens thereby reducing the sizes of the vision zones. Further, the multifocal lens described in Legendre provides only three vision zones of which only two vision zones (the near vision and distance vision zones) are stable.
FIG. 13 illustrates a front and side view of a prior art lens design described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,028 to Okano. Okano describes a multifocal lens having a fused segment that has a first spherical segment 1302 and a second spherical segment 1306 joined by a progressive region 1304. The boundaries between the progressive region 1304 and the spherical regions 1302 and 1306 are transition regions 1308. These transition regions 1308 operate similarly to blend zones and therefore restrict the usefulness of the transition regions 1308 optically. The multifocal lens of Okano comprises a single material. Further, the multifocal lens of Okano comprises multiple discontinuities which can be very discomforting to a wearer of the lens when the wearer's line of sight traverses the provided vision zones. The near vision zone of the multifocal lens described by Okano comprises the spherical region 1306 only such that the progressive region 1304 does not contribute to the total near add power of the lens.
Accordingly, what is needed is a lens that overcomes one or more deficiencies of prior art lenses. More specifically, a lens that provides multiple vision zones with low distortion and a minimum number of optical discontinuities while simultaneously remaining cosmetically pleasing is desired.
Aspects of the present invention provide multiple-layer (multi-layer) composite lenses comprising two or more materials and methods for making the same. A multi-layer composite lens of the present invention can use multiple surfaces (internal or external) to form optical elements that can contribute to a total desired add power. The multiple contributing optical elements can be aligned so as to be in optical communication to form multiple distinct and stable vision zones. Distributing the total desired add power across multiple appropriately aligned optical elements that are in optical communication with one another can reduce the total distortion of the lens, minimize the number of optical discontinuities introduced, can reduce optical power jump as experienced by the wearer's eye when traversing any discontinuity, and can reduce the visibility of any introduced optical discontinuity as perceived by an observer looking at the wearer.
The first and second materials can be any materials such as, but not limited to, any plastic or glass. Depending upon the selection of the first and second materials, the first index of refraction, n1, can be different from the second index of refraction, n2. As shown in
An index matching layer can be positioned between the first layer 102 and the second layer 104. The index matching layer can also be considered to be an index mediating, mitigating or bridging layer. The index matching layer can be a thin layer of material having an index of refraction that is between the indices of refraction of the first and second layers 102 and 104 (e.g., an index of refraction approximately equal to the arithmetic mean of the indices of refraction of the first and second layers 102 and 104 or to within +/−0.02 of the arithmetic mean). Either layer can also be coated or covered by a scratch resistant and index matching layer. Such a coating can be dipped or spin-coated onto a layer and can cover the entirety of a layer.
The two-layer composite lens 100 can represent a finished lens, a finished lens blank, a semi-finished lens blank or a non-finished lens blank. More specifically, the two-layer composite lens 100 can be a finished lens (edged and ready to mount in a frame), a finished lens blank (finished on both outer surfaces but not yet edged), a semi-finished lens blank (finished on a first outer surface and not finished on a second outer surface) or a non-finished lens blank (having neither outer surface finished). The two-layer composite lens 100 can be subjected to any known lens treatments or coatings prior to forming a final ophthalmic lens as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s).
A final desired state, or a state prior to the final desired state, of any external or internal surface of the two-layer composite lens 100, or any portion thereof, can be shaped by one or more molds. The shaping of any external or internal surface of the two-layer composite lens 100, or any portion thereof, can be the result of a lens blank fabrication process. Any and all known lens blank fabrication processes can be used to shape any external or internal surface of the two-layer composite lens 100, or any portion thereof, to a final desired state or a state prior to a final desired state.
Any internal surface, or portion thereof, of the two-layer composite lens 100 can be shaped to a final desired state prior to positioning the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 as shown in
An upper portion or region 120 of the two-layer composite lens 100 can form a distance vision zone. The distance vision zone 120 can be considered a first vision zone of the two-layer composite lens 100.
A lower portion 118 of the two-layer composite lens 100 can comprise one or more enhanced optical regions 106. The optical regions 106 can be considered enhanced because they can have curvatures or structures, or can contribute to optical powers, that are different from corresponding portions of the upper region 120 of the two-layer composite lens. The enhanced optical regions can contribute to the additive power of the two-layer composite lens 100 provided in the lower region 118.
As shown in
As shown in
The second enhanced optical region 106-2 can be positioned on a surface 140 of the first layer 102 (e.g., on a back surface 140 of the first layer 102). The surface 140 can be an internal surface or an unexposed surface 140 of the first layer 102. Alternatively, the second enhanced optical region 106-2 can be positioned on a surface 124 of the second layer 104 (e.g., on a front surface 124 of the second layer 104). The surface 124 can be an internal surface or an unexposed surface 124 of the second layer 104.
As shown in
The third enhanced optical region 106-3 can be positioned on an external finished surface of the second layer 104 (i.e., a second external surface 126 of the two-layer composite lens 100) when a curvature of the external surface is being finished. For purposes of illustration and clarity only, the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 are depicted as being of the same size or dimension but are not so limited. That is, the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 can each be of any size, height, width, thickness, shape and geometry. Further, the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 are not limited to extending across the entire vertical or horizontal dimensions of the two-layer composite lens 100. Any surface of either the first layer 102 or the second layer 104 can be free-formed in accordance with any desired features as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s).
The enhanced optical regions 106 are each depicted as having approximately the same vertical dimensions, lengths or sizes for purposes of illustration and clarity only and are not so limited. That is, the enhanced optical regions 106-1, 106-2 and 106-3 can each be of any height or size. Additionally, the enhanced optical regions 106 are depicted as being approximately horizontally aligned for purposes of illustration and clarity only and are not so limited. That is, the enhanced optical regions 106-1, 106-2 and 106-3 can be positioned along any respective vertical portion of the two-layer composite lens 100. More specifically, the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be vertically positioned along any portion of the first external surface 122; the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be vertically positioned along any portion of the internal surface 140 or the internal surface 124; and the enhanced optical region 106-3 can be vertically positioned along any portion of the second external surface 126. Overall, any enhanced optical region 106 can be of any vertical dimension (or any horizontal dimension though not depicted in
The enhanced optical regions 106 can be aligned such that light passing through more than one of the enhanced optical regions 106 can experience a combined optical power equal to the sum of the optical powers contributed by each individual enhanced optical region 106 through which the light passes. When any two of the enhanced optical regions 106, or any portions thereof, are so aligned, they can be considered to be in optical communication with one another.
The enhanced optical regions 106 can be aligned to form multiple vision zones 116-1 through 116-N. Vision zone 116-N can be a near vision zone and can provide a total near add power of the two-layer composite lens 100. Each of the other vision zones 116 can provide a portion of the total near add power of the two-layer composite lens 100.
An enhanced optical region 106 can contribute to a constant, substantially constant, or variable optical power or any combination thereof, including plano or zero optical power and negative optical power. An optical discontinuity can occur at a boundary, or any portion thereof, of an enhanced optical region 106. An optical discontinuity can occur within an enhanced optical region 106.
An optical discontinuity can be considered to be a change in optical power that causes most individuals to perceive an image break when the change in optical power is traversed by an individual's line of sight. The change in optical power can occur at a boundary between two optical regions of different optical power. In many instances, a change in optical power (e.g., a step up in optical power or a step down in optical power) of approximately 0.1 diopters (D) or greater can cause most individual to perceive an image break that can be considered to be caused by an optical discontinuity.
An enhanced optical region 106 can comprise a refractive structure, a diffractive structure, a variable power structure, or a progressive structure (e.g., a progressive refractive structure) or any combination thereof. Any enhanced optical region 106 can be blended at its boundary, or any portion thereof, or within any portion of the enhanced optical region 106. As a refractive structure, an enhanced optical region 106 can comprise a refractive curve that is spherical, substantially spherical, aspheric, or any combination thereof. As a progressive structure, an enhanced optical region 106 can comprise a progressive structure that is either cropped or not cropped. A cropped refractive progressive structure can be a progressive region that has a portion of any associated astigmatism regions removed. A cropped diffractive progressive structure can have a reduced size (e.g., by removing or not forming a portion of a concentric ring of a typical diffractive structure) while maintaining a desired shape and effective optical power.
Further, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), an enhanced optical region 106 as a progressive structure can comprise a region of continuously varying optical power ranging from a first optical power (e.g., a minimum optical power), typically in an upper portion of the progressive structure, to a second optical power (e.g., a maximum optical power), typically in a lower portion of the progressive structure. A progressive structure can be of a hard of soft design as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s). Additionally, a progressive structure can be a progressive optical power surface and can be diffractive or refractive.
As a progressive structure, an enhanced optical region 106 can be considered to begin or start when the optical power contributed by the progressive structure is increased above the optical power contributed by an adjacent region or vision zone (e.g., the distance vision zone) of the two-layer composite lens 100. Typically, this increase is a positive optical power of approximately +0.01 D or greater. The difference in optical power between a start of the progressive structure and the adjacent region or vision zone of the two-layer composite lens 100 can be formed by a mostly continuous increase in positive optical power (e.g., a slow ramp up in optical power).
Alternatively, the difference in optical power between a start of the progressive structure and the adjacent region or vision zone of the two-layer composite lens 100 can be caused by a step up in optical power which is either part of the progressive optical power region or part of a different optical power region. Such a step-up in optical power can form an optical discontinuity as previously described. Additionally, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), the optical power of the progressive structure can decrease after reaching its maximum optical power (e.g., prior to reaching the end or bottom of the progressive structure). In general, an enhanced optical region 106 as a progressive structure can be of any size or shape and can contribute to any substantially continuous change in optical power and therefore any optical power profile.
As previously mentioned, an optical discontinuity in a lens may result in a perceived image break when traversed by the line of sight of a wearer of the lens. Further, such an optical discontinuity may be visible to a person viewing the lens when the lens is being worn by a wearer. An example of a lens exhibiting this characteristic can be a traditional lined bifocal. In a traditional lined bifocal, a boundary separates a distance viewing zone and a near vision zone. This boundary is generally visible because of the large difference in the index of refraction between the material comprising the lens and the air surrounding or on top of the lens. This phenomenon can occur or can be found in many non-blended multifocal lenses that comprise one or more optical discontinuities.
An aspect of the present invention, in contrast to prior art lenses that contain multiple visible optical discontinuities, can reduce or remove the visibility of such an optical discontinuity as perceived by an observer of the lens. The visibility of an optical discontinuity can be reduced or removed entirely by positioning the optical discontinuity on a layer of material that is then covered by another layer of material having a similar index of refraction. Because the optical discontinuity is positioned behind another layer of material, and because the difference between the refractive indices of the two layers is less than the difference between the refractive indices of the layer containing the optical discontinuity and air, the visibility of the optical continuity can be reduced.
As an example, an optical discontinuity can be positioned on the front surface 124 of the second layer 104—e.g., by the boundary of the enhanced optical region 106-2. Because the first layer 102 has an index of refraction that is closer to the index of refraction of the second layer 104 as compared to air, the visibility of any optical discontinuity introduced by the enhanced optical region 106-2 can removed or reduced as compared to a lens not having a first layer 102. As such, an aspect of the present invention enables the two-layer composite lens 100 to provide many of the benefits of a lined bifocal or multifocal (e.g., multiple distinct vision zones 116) while improving the cosmetics or aesthetics of the two-layer composite lens 100 as compared to prior art lens systems.
A further aspect of the present invention includes the design of the shape and profile of an optical element that contributes to the total add power of lens such that the visibility of any discontinuity associated with the optical element is substantially reduced.
Further, it should be noted that any layer of the two-layer composite lens 100 can comprise one or more polarized layer or layers. Additionally, any layer of the two-layer composite lens 100 can be photochromic. For example, the first layer 102 can be photochromic. As another example, the second layer 104 can be photochromic and the first layer 102 can be formed to block or filter out as little Ultraviolet (UV) light as possible.
As shown in
As progressive surfaces, the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-3 can contribute to variable optical powers that each range from a first value (e.g., a minimum value) to a second value (e.g., a maximum value) with respect to a top and bottom of the respective enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-3. When combined with the constant optical power contributed by the enhanced optical power region 106-2, the enhanced optical regions 106 can form the vision zones 116-1 through 116-N. As previously described, the visibility of any optical discontinuity that may be formed at the boundary of the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be reduced or removed by positioning of the first layer 102 over the second layer 104.
As depicted in
As used herein, refractive segments are not limited to fused, glued, adhered, or joined optical elements. Further, as used herein, refractive segments are not limited to optical elements that must extend across the entire surface of a lens. Instead, refractive segments as contemplated by the present invention can also include regions having an enhanced or different (e.g., additive) optical power relative to an adjacent region. Accordingly, a refractive segment can also be considered to be a portion of a lens surface having a curvature that is different from a remaining portion of the lens surface having a second, different curvature. Therefore, a refractive segment can comprise an additive power of a lens.
As shown in
Specifically, the distortion introduced by a progressive structure can exceed the maximum optical power contributed by the progressive structure for high optical power values. For example, a progressive structure providing a maximum add power of 1.00 D may introduce only 1.00 D of unwanted astigmatism; however, a progressive structure providing a maximum add power of 2.00 D may introduce 2.25 D of unwanted astigmatism and a progressive structure providing a maximum add power of 3.00 D may introduce 3.75 D of unwanted astigmatism. As the maximum add power of a progressive structure is increased, the unwanted astigmatism introduced by the progressive structure can outpace the additive power. Therefore, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, by reducing the optical power to be contributed by an enhanced optical region as a progressive structure 106, the total distortion introduced in the lens can be reduced. Further, if more than one enhanced optical region 106 is formed as a progressive structure, then the progressive structures can be aligned to cancel out or reduce a portion of the unwanted astigmatism.
Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention can provide the same or more vision zones with the same optical powers as a traditional multifocal lens while simultaneously reducing the total introduced distortion and improving the cosmetics of the lens. This improvement can be achieved without blending and with minimizing the number of introduced optical discontinuities.
The two-layer composite lens 300 can comprise two enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2. The second external surface 126 (or back surface 126) of the two-layer composite lens 300 can be shaped to a final desired state. For example, the surface 126 can comprise a refractive surface having a substantially constant radius of curvature in both the upper region 120 and the lower region 118. The surface 126 can also comprise a toric surface. The surface 126 can also be shaped to include a progressive surface or structure in addition to a spherical, aspherical or toric surface. In general, the back surface 126 can be shaped in accordance with a particular distance correction prescription.
The first external surface 122 (or front surface 122) in the upper region 120 can be shaped to a final desired state. For example, the surface 122 can comprise a refractive curve having a substantially constant radius of curvature. The internal surfaces 140 and 124 in the upper region 120 can also comprise a refractive curve having a substantially constant radius of curvature. The front surface 122 and the internal surfaces 140 and 124 can be substantially parallel such that the radius of curvature of the surfaces 140 and 124 match, parallel or follow the radius of curvature of the surface 122.
The curvature of the back surface 126 can contribute to the distance power of the two-layer composite lens 300. During a finishing process, the radius of curvature and/or toric surfaces of the back surface 126 (in both the upper region 120 and the lower region 118) can be set to be substantially equal to establish a desired optical power in the upper region 120. Accordingly, the set desired optical power in the upper region 120 can form a far distance vision zone 120 of the two-layer composite lens 300.
The enhanced optical region 106-1 can comprise a progressive addition surface. In particular, the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be a refractive progressive optical power structure. As such, the enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to a first progressive optical power ramp (i.e., change in optical power) between a start or top 130 of the enhanced optical region 106-1 and a first boundary 134 of the enhanced optical region 106-1. The enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to a second progressive optical power ramp between the first boundary 134 and a second boundary 136 of the enhanced optical region. The enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to a constant optical power between the second boundary 136 and a bottom or end 132 of the enhanced optical region 106-1.
The first progressive optical power ramp contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to the total optical power provided within the vision zone 116-1. The second progressive optical power ramp contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to the total optical power provided within the vision zone 116-2. The constant optical power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to the total optical power provided within the vision zone 116-3. The optical power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 between the boundaries 130 and 136 can be a continuously increasing optical power that reaches a maximum at or near the boundary 136.
The enhanced optical region 106-2 can comprise a refractive surface having a substantially constant radius of curvature. Alternatively, the enhanced optical region 106-2 can comprise a refractive surface having a changing radius of curvature as found in an aspheric lens. The enhanced optical region 106-2 can be of any shape including, but not limited to, round, oval, elliptical or rectangular and can comprise a refractive surface that is spherical, substantially spherical, aspheric, or any combination thereof. The enhanced optical region 106-2 can contribute to an optical power that is substantially constant. The enhanced optical region 106-2 can be located on the interior surface 124 of the second layer 104 or the interior surface 140 of the first layer 102. Therefore, the interior surface 124 (and/or the interior surface 140) can comprise regions of at least two different curvatures—a first curvature in the upper portion 120 and a second curvature in the lower region 118 that forms the enhanced optical region 106-2.
The first curvature of the surface 124 of the second layer 104 can contribute to a first optical power (in the upper region 120) and the second curvature of the surface 124 can contribute to a second optical power (in the lower region 118. The second optical power can be considered to be an additive optical power with respect to the first optical power. The difference in the radii of curvatures between the first curvature and the second curvature can form an optical discontinuity. That is, a boundary, or any portion thereof, between the first curvature of the interior surface 124 and the second curvature of the enhanced optical element 106-2 can form an optical discontinuity. The surface 124 and the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be formed by way of any known manufacturing process including, but not limited to, casting, stamping, thermoforming, molding, free-forming, diamond turning, and machining.
The optical power of a refractive surface having a substantially constant radius of curvature can be determined using the lens maker's formula:
where nx represent the index of refraction of a material X immediately after the refractive surface with respect to the direction of light, ny represents the index of refraction of a material Y immediately prior to the refractive surface, and r represents the radius of curvature of the refractive surface between materials X and Y. Generally, for a radius of curvature expressed in units of meters (m), optical power is expressed in units of diopters (m−1 or D). For the enhanced optical region 106-2, the optical power it contributes to is given by:
where r124 represents the radius of curvature of the surface 124. Accordingly, it can be seen from equation (4) that as the difference in the refractive indices between the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 increases, optical power increases for a given radius of curvature. Further, the difference between refractive indices between the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 can be any value such as, but not limited to, at least 0.01.
The two-layer composite lens 300 can be designed such that the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 are each either positive or negative lenses and/or provide positive or negative add powers. For some implementations of the two-layer composite lens 300, the materials selected for the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 can be such that n2>n1. Under such a scenario, a spherical segment positioned on the second layer 104 can protrude outward, thereby increasing the thickness of the second layer 104. For other implementations of the two-layer composite lens 300, the materials selected from the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 can be such that n1>n2. Under such a scenario, a spherical segment positioned on the second layer 104 can protrude inward, thereby decreasing the thickness of the second layer 104.
The enhanced optical region 106-2, as a substantially spherical segment, can contribute a constant optical power that is additive with respect to the upper region 120 of the two-layer composite lens 300. The substantially spherical segment 106-2 can comprise an aspheric region. For example, the substantially spherical segment 106-2 can comprise an aspheric region in the periphery of the substantially spherical segment 106-2 that can form a boundary or intermediate region surrounding the substantially spherical segment 106-2 or any portion thereof.
The substantially spherical segment can increase the thickness of the second layer 104 beyond an initial thickness contributed by a first curvature of the upper region 120 of the surface 124. Generally, as the width of the spherical segment is increased, the thickness contributed by the spherical segment will increase if the optical power of the spherical segment is to remain substantially the same. Alternatively, as the width of the spherical segment is increased, the thickness contributed by the spherical segment can be held constant but at the expense of decreasing optical power.
For some implementations of the two-layer composite lens 300, it may be desirable to maintain or increase the optical power contributed by the spherical segment so that the optical power required to be contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be kept low. Also, for some implementations of the two-layer composite lens 300, it may be desirable to maintain or increase the width of the spherical segment to increase its radius of curvature. By doing so, any optical discontinuity associated with the spherical segment can be pushed out into the peripheral nasal directions such that any optical discontinuity is less noticeable. However, the desire to increase the optical power and width of the spherical segment should be balanced against any increase in thickness contributed by the spherical segment as any such increase may increase the overall thickness of the two-layer composite lens 300.
Reducing the thickness of the two-layer composite lens 300 may be important for modifying the two-layer composite lens 300 to fit a particular eyeglass frame and/or to improve the cosmetics or aesthetics of the two-layer composite lens 300. As shown by equation (1), increasing the difference in the refractive index of the first layer 102 and the refractive index of the second layer 104 can increase the optical power contributed by the spherical segment 106-2. By increasing this difference in refractive index, the optical power contributed by the spherical segment 106-2 can be increased while maintaining the thickness contributed by the spherical segment 106-2. Overall, the refractive indices of the first layer 102 and the second layer 104, the width of the spherical segment 106-2, and the radius of curvature of the refractive curve can be varied to meet a variety of design constraints.
The enhanced optical region 106-2 can be considered to be a “buried segment” of the two-layer composite lens 300. That is, the front surface of the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be completely covered by another layer of material—specifically, the first layer of material 102. As a result, as previously discussed, the visibility of any optical discontinuity typically manifested as a lined discontinuity and introduced by a boundary of the enhanced optical region 106-2, can be greatly reduced, minimized or removed.
Further, as described above, the enhanced optical region 106-2 as a buried segment can contribute to one or more optical powers. As an example, the buried segment 106-2 can comprises one or more optical discontinuities (e.g., a lined multifocal design) separating or defining boundaries between different optical power zones. The visibility of any discontinuities positioned within the boundary of the buried segment 106-2—as seen by an observer looking at a wearer of the two-layer composite lens 300—can be reduced as a result of an aspect of the present invention as previously described. In a particular implementation, the buried segment 106-2 can have a round shape which can provide a significant reduction in the visibility of the buried segment 106-2 and a significant improvement in the overall aesthetics of the two-layer composite lens 300.
As shown in
The first vision zone of the overall two-layer composite lens 300 can be the distance zone 120. The distance zone 120 can allow a wearer of the two-layer composite lens 300 to see an object clearly that is approximately 5 feet to approximately 20 feet or more from the wearer's eyes. The vision zones 116-1, 116-2 and 116-3 can comprise second, third and fourth vision zones, respectively, of the overall two-layer composite lens 300. The vision zones 116-1, 116-2 and 116-3 can be considered to be first, second and third vision zones within the lower region 118 of the two-layer composite lens 300 and may be referred to as such in the discussion herein for purposes of clarity only.
The vision zone 116-1 can be considered to be a far intermediate vision zone. Such a far intermediate vision zone 116-1 can provide, for example, a vision correction for viewing objects that are in range of approximately twenty-nine inches to approximately four feet to five feet from the eye of the wearer. As a further example, the far intermediate vision zone 116-1 can provide a vision correction for viewing objects that are in range of approximately twenty-nine inches to approximately ten feet from the eye of the wearer.
The third vision zone 116-2 can be considered to be an intermediate vision zone. Such an intermediate vision zone 116-2 can provide, for example, a vision correction for viewing objects that are in a range approximately twenty-nine inches to approximately eighteen inches from the eye of the wearer.
The vision zone 116-3 can be considered to be a near vision zone. Such a near vision zone 116-3 can provide, as an example, a vision correction for viewing objects that are in a range approximately eighteen inches to approximately ten inches from the eye of the wearer.
Overall, in combination with the distance vision zone 120, the two-layer composite lens 300 can provide four vision zones. One or more of the four vision zones can be stable in a horizontal and/or in a vertical direction. A stable vision zone can be any region having optical power that varies no more than 0.20 D per millimeter (mm)—for example, no more than 0.10 D/mm or nor more than 0.05 D/mm—across the region in a particular direction. Stable vision zones can also include regions having somewhat varying optical power across the region in particular direction but without introducing an optical discontinuity, swim or other distortion perceptible to a wearer. The sizes of the stable vision zones in both the vertical and horizontal directions can be designed to be of any shape and size.
In a particular implementation, the distance vision zone 120, the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 and the near vision zone 116-3 can each be stable zones—either horizontally stable, vertically stable, or both—while the—intermediate vision zone 116-2 can be designed to not meet the aforementioned requirements of a stable zone. Further, according to an aspect of the present invention, based on the placement of an optical discontinuity associated with the enhanced optical region 106-2, the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 can be perceived by a wearer of the lens as being continuous with the intermediate zone 116-2 and discontinuous with the far distance zone 120. Alternatively, the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 can be perceived by a wearer of the lens as being discontinuous with the intermediate zone 116-2 and discontinuous with the far distance zone 120.
The two-layer composite lens 300 can provide these four vision zones, in a particular implementation, with as few as one optical discontinuity. As discussed above, the visibility of this single optical discontinuity, as observed by an individual looking at a wearer of the two-layer composite lens 300, can be significantly reduced or removed. Further, the enhanced optical region 106-1 as a refractive progressive optical power structure can be positioned or shaped to push any unwanted astigmatism (or at least an area of high unwanted astigmatism) off to the periphery of the two-layer composite lens 300.
Based on the positioning of the refractive progressive optical power structure 106-1, a portion of any introduced unwanted astigmatism can be pushed to the bottom or below the distance vision zone 120. Additionally, the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be made wider to further push into the periphery of the wearer's visual field the optical discontinuity as seen by the wearer when looking through the two-layer composite lens 300. By doing so, distortion introduced by the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be located off to the sides of a wearer's typical line of vision such that the distortion is less disturbing or noticeable to a wearer.
Each vision zone 116-1, 116-2 and 116-3 provides an additive power with respect to the optical power provided by the distance vision zone 120. The additive power of any vision zone 116 is determined by the summation of the individual additive powers contributed by the corresponding portions of the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2. Specifically, the additive optical power provided by the vision zone 116-1 is determined by the optical power contributed by the refractive progressive optical power structure 106-1 in combination with the optical power contributed by the substantially spherical segment 106-2 within the boundaries 130 and 134 (the additive optical powers of the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 between the boundaries 130 and 134); the additive optical power provided by the vision zone 116-2 is determined by the optical power contributed by the refractive progressive optical power structure 106-1 in combination with the optical power contributed by the substantially spherical segment 106-2 within the boundaries 134 and 136 (the additive optical powers of the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 between the boundaries 134 and 136); and the additive optical power provided by the vision zone 116-3 is determined by the optical power contributed by the refractive progressive optical power structure 106-1 in combination with the optical power contributed by the substantially spherical segment 106-2 within the boundaries 136 and 132 (the additive optical powers of the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 between the boundaries 136 and 132).
According to this partitioning of the additive powers of the two-layer lens 300 between separate additive optical powers contributed by the first layer 102 and the second layer 104, the optical powers contributed by the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2 provide the total or full near add power of the two-layer composite lens 300. In essence, the total near add power of the two-layer composite lens 300 is provided by a first component—the enhanced optical region 106-1 as a refractive progressive optical power structure—and a second component—the enhanced optical region 106-2 as a substantially spherical constant refractive optical power structure. Therefore, the optical power contribution of the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be considered to be a first incremental add power and the optical power contribution of the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be considered to be a second incremental add power. Therefore, in general, the enhanced optical region 106-1 can be considered to be a first incremental add power region (or zone) and the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be considered a second incremental add power region (or zone). Any additional enhanced optical regions can provide additional portions of the total add power of a lens of the present invention.
Together, the first and second incremental add powers provide the full or total add power of the lens desired for near distance vision as found in optical region 116-3. Since the enhanced optical region 106-1 contributes to an increasing progression of optical power between boundaries 130 and 136, the region between the boundaries 130 and 134 can provide an optical power that is a portion of the first incremental add power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 in a region between the boundaries 136 and 132. Likewise, the region between boundaries 134 and 136 can provide an optical power that is a portion of the first incremental add power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 in a region between the boundaries 136 and 132.
The contribution of the first incremental add power—and likewise the contribution of the second incremental add power—can be any fractional split of the total add power of the two-layer composite lens 300 provided in the near vision zone 116-3. As an example, the first incremental add power can be two-thirds or approximately 67% of the total add power of the two-layer composite lens 300. Under this scenario, the second incremental add power can provide the remainder or balance of the total add power or one-third or approximately 33% of the total add power of the two-layer composite lens 300.
In general, the first and second incremental add powers can take on any values such that together they sum to a total desired add power for a particular wearer. That is, the first incremental add power (or maximum optical power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1) can be any fraction or percentage of the total desired add power. Consequently, the second incremental add power (or the optical power contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-2) can be any complementing fraction or percentage of the total desired add power given the value of the first incremental add power. As an example, the enhanced optical region 106-1 can contribute to a first incremental add power that is 20%-80% of a total desired add power.
The optical powers provided in the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 and the intermediate vision zone 116-2 can be any respective percentages of the total near add power provided by the near vision zone 116-3. For example, the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 can provide an optical power that is approximately 20% to 44% of the total add power of the two-layer composite lens 300. Also as an example, the intermediate vision zone 116-2 can provide an optical power that is approximately 45% to 55% of the total add power of the two-layer composite lens 300.
In general, the portions of the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2 of the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 and the portions of the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2 of the intermediate vision zone 116-2 and the portions of the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2 of the near vision zone 116-3 can contribute to optical powers that are any percentage or fraction of the total near add power of the two-layer composite lens 300. Further, the range of optical powers contributed by the enhanced optical region 106-1 (e.g., the power profile of the enhanced optical region 106-1) can be varied in accordance with any desired optical power to be provided by the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 and the intermediate vision zone 116-2.
The two-layer composite lens 300, having the first enhanced optical region as a refractive progressive optical power structure and the second enhanced optical region as a refractive substantially spherical incremental add power segment can be considered to be a refractive-refractive two-layer composite multifocal lens. As described herein, the first and second incremental add power regions can be positioned on different surfaces—i.e., on different surfaces or surfaces that are separated with respect to one another by a thickness—yet still provide vision zones that are perceived by a wearer of the lens as continuous.
For example, the additive powers provided by the intermediate vision zone 116-2 and the near vision zone 116-3 of the two-layer composite lens 300 are provided by the first and second incremental add power regions 106-1 and 106-2. The first and second incremental add power regions 106-1 and 106-2 are located on separate surfaces of the two-layer composite lens 300. Therefore, the first and second incremental add power regions 106-1 and 106-2 are discontinuous with respect to one another. However, to a wearer of the two-layer composite lens 300, the intermediate vision zone 116-2 and the near vision zone 116-3 appear to be continuous.
As previously described, an aspect of the present invention enables the two-layer composite lens 300 to provide at least three stable vision zones with only one optical discontinuity (with at least two stable vision zones located below the fitting point 128 and a third stable vision zone above the only one optical discontinuity—e.g., the distance zone 120). Further, an aspect of the present invention enables the two-layer composite lens 300 to introduce less distortion than a traditional multifocal lens or progressive addition lens having the same total near add power. More specifically, providing substantially the same add power in a single layer progressive addition lens requires that more distortion (e.g., unwanted astigmatism) be introduced. By spreading a desired add power over multiple optical elements, the two-layer composite lens 300 reduces the distortion contribution from the enhanced optical region 106-1 as a refractive progressive optical power structure while providing a desired number of vision zones 120 and 116 with desired associated optical powers.
The positioning and alignment of the enhanced optical regions 106-1 and 106-2 as depicted in
The enhanced optical region 106-2 can be substantially round in shape and can have a have a diameter 142. The diameter 142 of the enhanced optical region 106-2 can be any value such as, but not limited to, greater than 22 mm (e.g., 25 mm or larger—28 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm or larger). The enhanced optical region 106-1 can be positioned entirely within the boundary of the enhanced optical region 106-2. Alternatively, any portion of the enhanced optical region 106-1 can overlap any portion of the enhanced optical region 106-2 (i.e., the enhanced optical region 106-1 can begin above or below a top of the enhanced optical region 106-2). As such, any portion of the enhanced optical region 106-1 can extend beyond any portion of the boundary of the enhanced optical region 106-2.
The end of the third distance 506 can correspond to the boundary 134. In this way, the distance between the boundary 130 and the end of the third distance 506 can correspond to the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1.
The length of the first, second and third distances 502, 504 and 506, as well as the corresponding first, second and third optical power values can be adjusted and modified to accommodate any ramp-up in optical power within the enhanced optical region 106-1. For a sharp ramp up in optical power, the distances 502, 504 and 506 can be designed to be short and/or the power changes within each zone can be high. For a slow ramp up in optical power, the distances 502, 504 and 506 can be designed to be extended and/or the power changes within each zone can be low. In general, the distances 502, 504 and 506 and corresponding power change values can be designed to be any value.
As an example, each of the distances 502, 504 and 506 can be 1 mm in length and the changes in optical power can be +0.03 D in the first distance 502, +0.03 D in the second distance 504, and +0.04 D in the third distance 506. Under this scenario, the total optical power of the first distance 502 is +0.03 D, the total optical power of the second distance 504 is +0.06 D, and the total optical power of the third distance 506 is +0.1D. This enables the distance between the boundary 130 and the end of the third distance 506 to be a stable vision zone that can form the far-intermediate vision zone 116-1 of the two-layer composite lens 300.
The optical power contributed in part by the spherical incremental add power segment 106-2 (when substantially spherical) can be substantially constant across the vision zones 116-1, 116-2 and 116-3. Further, the optical power contributed in part by the progressive optical power region 106-1 can begin at approximately the boundary 130. Accordingly, between the fitting point 128 and the boundary 130, approximately 0 D of additive optical power can be provided by the two-layer composite lens 300. The distance viewing zone 120 of the two-layer composite lens 300 can therefore extend below the fitting point 128 of the two-layer composite lens 300.
Between the boundary 130 and 134, the progressive optical power region 106-1 can have a slow ramp up of optical power. Specifically, the progressive optical power region 106-1 can increase from approximately 0 D of optical power to approximately 0.1 D of optical power at the boundary 134 in accordance with the power ramp described above in relation to
Between the boundary 134 and 136, the progressive optical power region 106-1 can have a sharper ramp up in optical power. Specifically, the progressive optical power region 106-1 can increase from approximately 0.1 D of optical power at approximately the boundary 134 to its approximately maximum optical power at approximately the boundary 136. As mentioned previously, the maximum optical power contributed by the progressive optical power region 106-1 can be considered to be the first incremental add power of the two-layer composite lens 300. The distance between the boundary 134 and the boundary 136 can be, for example, approximately 9 mm. In general, the distance between the boundary 134 and the boundary 136 can be between 3 mm and 15 mm. The progressive optical power region 106-1 can contribute to a substantially constant optical power between the boundary 136 and the boundary 132.
The distance between the boundary 136 and the boundary 132 can be designed to be any desired distance. Further, the progressive optical power region 106-1 can provide a decrease in optical power at or near the boundary 132 if desired.
As shown in
The incremental add powers contributed in part by the spherical incremental add power region 106-2 and the progressive addition optical power region 106-2 can form two stable vision zones—vision zones 116-1 and 116-3—and one non-stable vision zone 116-2 as described above.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), variations in form and detail of the two-layer composite lens 100 and the three-layer composite lens 300 can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For purposes of clarity, non-limiting variations in several design parameters of the two-layer composite lens 100/300 are given in the following table.
The third layer 144 can comprise a third material having a third index of refraction, n3. The third material can comprise a material that is different from the first material of the first layer 102 and the second material of the second layer 104. Alternatively, the third material of the third layer 144 can comprise a material that is substantially the same as first material of the first layer 102 or the second material of the second layer 102. Further, the third material can be substantially homogeneous.
The third material can be any material such as, but not limited to, any plastic or glass. Depending upon the selection of the third material, the third index of refraction, n3, can be the same as either the first index of refraction, n1, or the second index of refraction, n2. Alternatively, the third index of refraction can be different from the first index of refraction, n1, and the second index of refraction, n2.
As shown in
The three-layer composite lens 900 can represent a finished lens, a finished lens blank, a semi-finished lens blank or a non-finished lens blank. More specifically, the two-layer composite lens 900 can be a finished lens (edged and ready to mount in a frame), a finished lens blank (finished on both outer surfaces but not yet edged), a semi-finished lens blank (finished on a first outer surface and not finished on a second outer surface) or a non-finished lens blank (having neither outer surface finished). The two-layer composite lens 900 can be subjected to any known lens treatments or coatings prior to forming a final ophthalmic lens as will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s).
The three-layer composite lens 900 can comprise four enhanced optical regions 106-1, 106-2, 106-3 and 106-4. The enhanced optical region 106-3 can be positioned on the surface 126 or on a surface 146 of the third layer 144. The enhanced optical region 106-4 can be positioned on a surface 146. The enhanced optical regions 106 can be aligned in any desired manner to be in optical communication with one another to form vision zones 116-1 through 116-N. The three layers 102, 104 and 144 can also form a first distance zone (e.g., a far distance vision zone) 120. Variations in the optical powers contributed by and the positioning and sizing of the enhanced optical regions can be varied as was discussed in relation to the two-layer composited lenses 100 and 300 discussed above and as one skilled in the pertinent art(s) would appreciate.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), the distance power of the three-layer composite lens 900 can be determined by a curvature of the surface 146 and 148. In particular, when the first layer 102 and the second layer 104 are conformal—i.e., the surfaces 122, 140, 124 and 126 have curvatures that are substantially the same as the curvature of the surface 146 in the distance zone 120—then the back layer 144 can determine the distance power of the three-layer composite lens 900. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), this result is applicable to the two-layer composite lens 100—i.e., when the surfaces 122 and 140 have curvatures that are substantially the same as the curvature of the surface 124 in the distance zone 120—then the back layer 104 can determine the distance power of the three-layer composite lens 100.
Overall, the multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention provides numerous advantages over prior art lenses. The multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention can provide multiple stable vision zones. For example, as described in relation to
Any introduced discontinuity can be positioned well below the fitting point of the lens to increase the cosmetic appeal of the lens while not interfering with distance vision gaze. In addition, the positioning of the discontinuity enables a lens of the present invention to be used as an occupational or computer lens. This is generally due to the discontinuity not being positioned neither too high nor too low—e.g., 3-5 mm below the fitting point of the lens—and acceptable for most applications of the lens. In particular, any introduced discontinuity can be positioned no greater than 10 mm below the fitting point (approximately 4 mm below the fitting point as described in relation to
The multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention can also exploit the benefits of a refractive progressive optical power structure while minimizing any unwanted astigmatism introduced by such a structure. As an example, the multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention as described in relation to
Further, the multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention can use a progressive structure that provides a slow ramp up in power to help provide a stable vision zone. A progressive structure used by the multiple layer multifocal composite lens of the present invention, as described in relation to
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the pertinent art(s), the principles described herein with respect to a multiple-layer lens are applicable to a single layer lens. That is, the present invention includes a single layer lens comprising a first incremental add power region—e.g., a refractive progressive optical power region—and a second incremental add power region—e.g., a spherical, substantially spherical, aspheric or any combination thereof segment—that are positioned to be in optical communication to obtain the beneficial lens characteristics described herein. As an example, a single layer lens of the present invention can include a substantially spherical segment positioned on a front surface (e.g., an anterior surface) of the lens and a refractive progressive optical power region positioned on a back surface (e.g., a posterior surface) of the lens. The spherical segment can be fabricated by mold while the progressive region can be fabricated by mold or by free-forming.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example and not limitation. As such, all optical powers, add powers, incremental add powers, optical power ranges, refractive indices, refractive index ranges, thicknesses, thickness ranges, distances from the fitting point of the lens, and diameter measurements that have been provided are examples only and are not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to one skilled in the pertinent art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention should only be defined in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/059,908, filed on Mar. 31, 2008, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/964,030, filed on Dec. 25, 2007, each of which is incorporated by reference in their entirety. This application claims priority from and incorporates by reference in their entirety the following provisional applications: U.S. application Ser. No. 61/013,822, filed on Dec. 14, 2007; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/025,477, filed on Feb. 1, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/037,958, filed on Mar. 19, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/041,094, filed on Mar. 31, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/044,802, filed on Apr. 14, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/047,614, filed on Apr. 24, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/047,888, filed on Apr. 25, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/048,851, filed on Apr. 29, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/048,860, filed on Apr. 29, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/048,862, filed on Apr. 29, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/052,034, filed on May 9, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/052,700, filed on May 13, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/053,734, filed on May 16, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/054,379, filed on May 19, 2008; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/056,663, filed on May 28, 2008; and U.S. application Ser. No. 61/078,986, filed on Jul. 8, 2008.
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