The invention relates to data management of medical data and more specifically to the selection, association, and storage of multiple patients' diagnostic images acquired by imaging systems of various types in a database.
Historically, interpretation and diagnosis of mammograms and other medical image analysis has been performed using hardcopy x-ray films viewed on an alternator that typically allows x-ray films to be illuminated and masked for diagnostic viewing. Newer technology allows a radiologist or other medical professional to view mammograms and other diagnostic images electronically on high-resolution monitors. These images can also be digitally stored and transmitted across secure networks for archiving or review by other professionals.
A radiologist generally begins his or her review process by reviewing a patient's background information relevant to a radiology study, such as a patient's name, age, and any applicable medical conditions or risk factors. After reviewing the background information, the radiologist views multiple images created by radiological, X-ray, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tomosynthesis, or other imaging technique of the patient's breast, or other organ, and dictates or uses a computerized information system to track findings, create reports, and make recommendations for future examinations. Such findings can include information pertaining to tissue density, the presence of masses, cysts, calcifications and other abnormalities, or any other breast tissue characteristics.
While there has been recent debate regarding the frequency at which women should undergo regular mammogram screenings, and at what age such screenings should begin, it is unlikely that the relatively quick and typically effective practice of mammography screening for breast cancer will disappear completely. Accordingly, there will continue to be a need for radiologists to view and interpret the images generated from patient examinations and screenings. Because the risk of breast cancer threatens the lives of many women, especially those over age 40, radiologists are often inundated with large numbers of mammogram images that must be viewed and, if abnormalities are present, categorized in order to determine if further examination is required. The developments in advanced patient imaging techniques, such as MRI, are also increasing the raw number of images that a radiologist can review. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to improve the speed and efficiency of the radiologist's review of the mammogram images, without sacrificing accuracy, and with the smallest number of false-positive diagnoses. Additionally, given that mammograms are taken periodically, such as annually or biannually, once screening begins for a particular woman, there is also a need to manage, track and analyze data taken over a period of years or decades for a woman.
One commercially available computerized mammography information system (MIS) in use by radiologists to review patient images is the PenRad Mammography Information System, which is able to electronically track abnormalities, generate statistics, and provide patient correspondence. The PenRad™ system is described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/625,910 and 12/625,898, each filed on Nov. 25, 2009, and incorporated by reference in their entireties, and is available from PenRad. This system provides for the digital correlation of patient data related to a mammography or other diagnostic imaging procedure.
Legislation has mandated that mammography facilities track positive mammography findings and correlate such findings with biopsy results, maintain statistics for mammography medical outcome and analysis audits on each physician, and provide direct written notification to all patients of their exam results. The generation and correlation of this data is maintained locally by each medical center for each patient.
One system for categorizing this information is the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) published by the American College of Radiology (ACR). BI-RADS provides a system of mammography assessment categories in the form of standardized codes assigned by a radiologist during or after the viewing and interpretation of a medical image. BI-RADS allows for concise and unambiguous understanding of patient records between multiple radiologists and medical facilities. Consequently, a large number of mammogram images, biopsy results, and diagnosis statistics are potentially available in a patient-anonymous format, in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).
Recently, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) systems have become the accepted format for medical imaging systems. This format provides for the distribution and viewing of medical studies and images across a variety of platforms. The use of DICOM has, among other things, enabled industry compatibility and improved workflow efficiency between imaging and other information systems located in various healthcare environments. Currently, the DICOM standard is an 18-part publication, PS 3.1-2008 through PS 3.18-2008 describing a standard for digital imaging and communications in medicine developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Among other elements, the DICOM standard provides a method of uniquely numbering any image or other information object to facilitate the unambiguous identification of images or information objects as they are viewed or manipulated in a system or transported across a network.
Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for analyzing and retrieving patient abnormality data for use with a mammography information system as part of or in conjunction with the diagnosis and interpretation of patient mammography images that substantially meets the aforementioned needs of the medical industry.
In an embodiment, a method for managing patient mammography data comprises obtaining a first mammographic image, wherein the image includes a region of interest categorized according to an established lexicon, storing a selected region of the first mammographic image as a second image, mapping the second image to a storage location of the first mammographic image, and associating the selected region with the categorized region of interest.
In an embodiment, a configurable mammography diagnostic system comprises a plurality of electronic displays, at least one of the plurality of electronic displays configured to display a mammographic image having at least one region of interest, a graphical user interface configured to be displayed on at least one of the plurality of electronic displays and comprising an anatomical diagram on which the at least one region of interest can be marked, a clipping tool with which a portion of the mammographic image including the at least one region of interest and displayed on at least one of the plurality of electronic displays can be selected as a second image, the second image displayable on at least one of the plurality of electronic displays as a subset of the mammographic image, and a processing engine configured to link the second image to the mammographic image, store the second image in an image database, and to associate the second image with a corresponding region of interest marked on the anatomical diagram.
In an embodiment, a method of correlating multiple image modalities comprises obtaining a first mammographic image including a region of interest categorized according to an established lexicon, obtaining a second mammographic image, wherein the second mammographic image is of a different modality than the first mammographic image, storing a selected region of the first mammographic image as a second image, storing a selected region of the second mammographic image as a third image, associating the second image with an anatomical diagram, associating the third image with the anatomical diagram, associating the second image with the categorization of the region of interest, associating the third image with the categorization of the region of interest, and presenting the second image and the third image in a gallery based on a selection of the region of interest.
The above summary of the invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The embodiments of the present invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
a is an another depiction of the ROI gallery window of
b is another example of a ROI gallery window for use with embodiments of this invention.
While the present invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
The increasing availability and quantity of digital information representing patient medical data and diagnostic images has created a need for a system that allows a doctor or radiologist to quickly review, organize, and if necessary retrieve, multiple diagnostic images that may be indicative of an individual patient's condition. In addition to the availability of digital mammography images, other patient associated data, such as biopsy or other test results and even entire medical histories or correspondence records can be stored in a digital format. Therefore, there is a need for a system that will quickly allow a radiologist to select a ROI in a mammogram or other image and correlate the ROI to a mapping or outline of the patient's anatomy in order to improve efficiency of patient diagnosis and record retrieval including a mechanism to “clip” a ROI from any image modality, or form of electronic record, and associating that “clipping” with a specific ROI placement in the patient's record.
In an example embodiment, a MIS is provided for use by a radiologist or other medical professional that preloads all of an individual patient's medical images for a specific portion of the patient's anatomy, regardless of the modality used to create the images. For example, in a breast cancer screening, any available x-ray, ultrasound, MRI, biopsy, or other images for the patient are retrieved and preprocessed by an appropriate CAD algorithm. A CAD module for the appropriate image type can isolate one or more ROI for review in an individual image. The disclosed invention takes these individual CAD results and correlates any common ROI findings between images of the same or different modalities. A summary “map” or outline of the examined patient's anatomy is then generated and displayed for the medical professional along with any other details about the potential ROI(s) that were generated by the CAD module(s).
The mammography image gallery and clipping system according to the present invention provides a convenient organization of all of the images associated with a ROI, regardless of modality, for presentation to a medical professional. The system stores lower resolution clippings, or thumbnail images, for pathological images, reports, and abnormalities found and optionally categorized, by radiologists or CAD products at a facility that have been entered into a mammography information system. The system stores low resolution images as well as the reference to the original image and ROI of the original image. As more patients are definitively diagnosed and their pathology records updated in the system, the larger the collection of abnormality images depicting a previously diagnosed and imaged condition that become available in the system. This system can be integrated into an existing MIS or utilized as a standalone interface providing access to a large sample of mammogram abnormality images.
The system also provides an efficient mechanism for creating a comprehensive collection of abnormality data. The collection comprising a uniform lexicon of classifications that allows for further analysis and study of the data while still maintaining patient privacy as required by the applicable law. Those skilled in the art of developing and maintaining electronic databases will appreciate and understand the tradeoffs associated with the storage requirements necessary for the implementation of the contemplated system. As numerous mammography facilities implement this non-patient identifying (and HIPAA compliant) data can be transferred to a central location accumulating a more complete database of abnormality images and the corresponding characterization of data points for various pathology types.
The invention can be better understood by reference to
As shown in
In an embodiment, the ROI data underlying either craniocaudal mark 252 or mediolateral mark 262 can be represented as the number of pixel spaces from at least two edges of the original image represented by the ROI. The retention of the number of pixels from at least two edges provides for the derivation of the location of the ROI on the original image. This allows the storage of multiple ROI for a single high-resolution image without the need to store multiple copies of the high-resolution image or even high-resolution clippings. It also permits derivation or mapping of an ROI in one image to other images based on known pixel sizes and edge distances.
In another alternative embodiment, the data underlying these two marks are used to then calculate an approximate location of the abnormality as viewed by a physician when facing the patient. This calculation also compensates for the fact that during the creation of a mammography image, the patient's breast is compressed to increase the amount of viewable tissue in the two-dimensional x-ray image. Additionally, compensation must be made for the angle at which the mediolateral/oblique view 260 is taken relative to the craniocaudal view 250 during mammogram imaging. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the two views are not necessarily created at angles exactly perpendicular to each other due to the wide variety of patient anatomy and the need to capture as much tissue as possible in each image. The resulting combination of the craniocaudal data and the mediolateral data produce the clock-position 270 as shown for the exemplary ROI. This calculation is not possible if the ROI is only visible on a single image, as both a craniocaudal and mediolateral position are required, along with a distance either from the patient's nipple or chest wall to calculate the location of the ROI in three-dimensional space.
An abnormality does not need to be located or seen in both views to be characterized. Often in mammography an abnormality is only seen in one view and additional imaging is conducted to confirm its location in another view. The additional imaging can also reveal superimposed tissue, a situation in which the breast tissue of several layers was compressed together causing a potential mass seen in a single image with the appearance of an actual abnormality. A radiologist viewing multiple images of the same tissue area can appropriately categorize these situations.
Also shown in
An additional feature of the system is the capability of importing any ROI from a patient's previous examination that are already present in the system's database. A radiologist or technician can select the “Clone Prey” button 280 to review and import data from a previous examination. This feature further eliminates the need for duplicated effort on the part of the medical professional conducting the review of the patient's exam images.
The system is capable of handling a variety of imaging technologies.
Detailing window 400 displays information that can be stored as BI-RADS compatible data points, or another suitable lexicon. Optionally the ROI data can be generated by a CAD software package used to pre-evaluate and categorize the ROI in the MIS. In one embodiment, the CAD software package can populate the various fields presented by an abnormality window, such as exemplary MRI abnormality-dimensioning window 442. Detailing window 400 also provides a radiologist with an interface to adjust, re-characterize, correct, add, or remove the ROI data based on their professional assessment of the ROI depicted in the patient's images if they radiologist disagrees with the CAD generated results. All of this information can be stored in a database configured to correlate all of a patent's ROI data and images.
The features provided by the system can also be combined with any one of several available computer aided diagnostic (CAD) products to validate, improve, and allow simplified characterization of images. A CAD product can be integrated to provide the lexicon abnormality descriptors to generate ROI entries, such as those depicted in
The combination of the database of ROI characterizations and the ROI images allows an embodiment of the system to provide a radiologist with images stored at a local facility for comparative diagnostic purposes. The system also allows a radiologist to select images based on the BI-RADS or other lexicon abnormality descriptors, allowing a comparison of additional images from a larger database or final pathology results if the abnormality was biopsied.
The association of image clippings 510 can allow the radiologist to associate a variety of images with the set of categories, such as those associated with the ROI of
Additionally, the system provides for the clipping of various modalities of images. In addition to the mammogram images as shown in the ROI Gallery 500, additional images such as ultrasound or MRI captures can also be included in the gallery. One embodiment of this system can employ the storage of individual image clippings 510 in a compressed image format, such as the JPEG image format established by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, or another appropriate standard. The use of a compressed image format provides an acceptable resolution for a thumbnail image for an initial investigation, while requiring less storage space than a high-resolution image format, such as the DICOM format. The system also provides a link from the compressed image clippings 510 to the full-sized high-resolution image for the situations, such as making a diagnostic assessment, that require a radiologist to view the high-resolution image.
In one embodiment of the system, a database of thumbnail or clipped images can provide a source of investigational data that may assist a radiologist in categorizing an abnormality that he or she is unfamiliar with, or for use as a training tool. The association of the ROI categorizations with the clipped images also provides an efficient mechanism to search for individual image clippings 510 of a particular type of abnormality or to provide a convenient link to pathology reports or patient correspondence. Non-image based information such as patient correspondence or reports can be stored in the ROI Gallery 500 either in their native format or in an image format, such as JPEG, TIFF, GIF, or another appropriate standard, derived from a screen-capture of the report or document.
a is another depiction of ROI Gallery 500. Image clipping 510, as well as other images, can be attached or associated directly to an abnormality such as ROI is depicted by the craniocaudal mark 252.
Within the title bar the description of the view is display from the image it was obtained from for example RCC (RightCranioCaudal) image. In a contemplated embodiment, if the image was processed through a CAD tool the feature descriptors, such as CAD generated ROI outlines provided by that tool, are displayed. In another embodiment feature descriptors can be superimposed as an overlay on top of the image. Alternatively a hovering tool bar tool—for example when a user leaves the mouse cursor over an image a small message appears describing the area. Additionally, in order to reduce right/left errors when associating images to an ROI the imaging gallery does not allow right ROI to be associated to left breast abnormality and a left ROI is not allowed to be associated with a right breast image or abnormality.
As depicted, a user can delete 522 the image clipping 510 or open the image clipping 510 in an individual ROI viewer upon the selection of magnification button 528.
The foregoing descriptions present numerous specific details that provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various embodiments, having been disclosed herein, may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, known components have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments are set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments, this disclosure is illustrative only. Other embodiments may be constructed that nevertheless employ the principles and spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the invention. It is manifestly intended that this invention be limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof
For purposes of interpreting the claims for the present invention, it is expressly intended that the provisions of Section 112, sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked with respect to a given claim unless the specific terms “means for” or “step for” are recited in that claim.
Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such that no subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicit disclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of non-priority documents above is further limited such that no claims included in the documents are incorporated by reference herein and any definitions provided in the documents are not incorporated by reference herein unless expressly included herein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/282,000, entitled “MAMMOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEM” and filed on Nov. 24, 2009, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The following co-pending patent applications of common assignee contain some common disclosure: “Mammography Statistical Diagnostic Profiler and Prediction System,” and “Mammography Information System,” filed Nov. 25, 2009, having Ser. Nos. 12/625,910 and 12/625,898, respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. A copy of each of the above-identified related applications is attached hereto as Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4972264 | Bishop et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
5021770 | Aisaka et al. | Jun 1991 | A |
5212637 | Saxena | May 1993 | A |
5229585 | Lemberger et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
5241659 | Parulski et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5321520 | Inga et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5325478 | Shelton et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
5343390 | Doi et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5452416 | Hilton et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
5565678 | Manian | Oct 1996 | A |
5670984 | Robertson et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
5708810 | Kern et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
5719567 | Norris | Feb 1998 | A |
5917929 | Marshall et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5940188 | Kurozasa | Aug 1999 | A |
6006191 | DiRienzo | Dec 1999 | A |
6047257 | Dewaele | Apr 2000 | A |
6176429 | Reddersen et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6243095 | Shile et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6246782 | Shapiro et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6253184 | Ruppert | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6260021 | Wong et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6311419 | Inbar | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6317617 | Gilhuijs et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6347241 | Burbank et al. | Feb 2002 | B2 |
6347299 | Holzman et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6349143 | Hastings et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6355024 | Small et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6434262 | Wang | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6587830 | Singer | Jul 2003 | B2 |
6614921 | Chung et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
6629378 | Gustafson | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6678703 | Rothschild et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6766297 | Lamer et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
6785358 | Johnson et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6831648 | Mukherjee et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
6901156 | Giger et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
6909795 | Tecotzky et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6970587 | Rogers | Nov 2005 | B1 |
7081976 | Harrington | Jul 2006 | B2 |
7103205 | Wang et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7124760 | Wong | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7146031 | Hartman et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
7184582 | Giger et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
7247139 | Yudkovitch et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7308126 | Rogers et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7321668 | Horie et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7418119 | Leichter et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
7616801 | Gkanatsios et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
7668718 | Kahn et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7783094 | Collins et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
8014576 | Collins et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8014578 | Suryanarayanan et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8391574 | Collins et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8606497 | Doherty et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
20010041991 | Segal et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20010043742 | Melen | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020016718 | Rothschild et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020070973 | Croley | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020107885 | Brooks et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20020139019 | Gustafson | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020161628 | Lane Poor, Jr. et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20030007598 | Wang et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030013951 | Stefanescu et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030026503 | Kallergi et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030065705 | Santos-Gomez | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030103663 | Li et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030110178 | Woods et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030174873 | Giger et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20040034550 | Menschik et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040052443 | Heaton et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040086158 | Leichter et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040101206 | Morimoto et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20040111299 | Onishi | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040122702 | Sabol et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040141661 | Hanna et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040181412 | Menhardt | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040258287 | Gustafson | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040258291 | Gustafson | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050031177 | Langille et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050049497 | Krishnan et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20050108060 | Sasano | May 2005 | A1 |
20050123185 | Balasubramanian et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050149360 | Galperin | Jul 2005 | A1 |
20050171430 | Zhang et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050177312 | Guerrant et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20050216314 | Secor | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050238216 | Yoden | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050244041 | Tecotzky et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050244082 | Yamatake | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20060058603 | Dave et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060111937 | Yarger et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
20060147099 | Marshall et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060173303 | Yu et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060212317 | Hahn et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060257009 | Wang et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060274928 | Collins et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070003119 | Roehrig et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070038085 | Zhang et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070041623 | Roehrig et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070098243 | Gustafson | May 2007 | A1 |
20070118384 | Gustafson | May 2007 | A1 |
20070118399 | Avinash et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070122021 | Zingaretti et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
20070185732 | Hicks et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
20070211930 | Dolwick et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070274585 | Zhang et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20080019581 | Gkanatsios et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080025592 | Jerebko et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080130968 | Daw et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080162352 | Gizewski | Jul 2008 | A1 |
20080187241 | Talati et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080255849 | Gustafson | Oct 2008 | A9 |
20080267470 | Zhang et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080285825 | Zhang et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
20090093711 | Hermosillo Valadez | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090129644 | Daw et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
20090154782 | Zhang et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090165009 | Heffernan et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20090171236 | Davies | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090171871 | Zhang et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090185732 | Zhang et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090192823 | Hawkins et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090220138 | Zhang et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090238421 | Zhang et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090238422 | Zhang et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
20090310843 | Moriya | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100086185 | Weiss | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100280375 | Zhang et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20110028825 | Douglas et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110087137 | Hanoun | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110110576 | Kreeger et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
20110123079 | Gustafson | May 2011 | A1 |
20110137132 | Gustafson | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20120029936 | Hanoun | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20130016092 | Collins et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130343626 | Rico et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0487110 | May 1992 | EP |
WO 03046796 | Jun 2003 | WO |
WO 03046796 | Jun 2003 | WO |
WO 2005003912 | Jan 2005 | WO |
WO 2005003912 | Jan 2005 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 12/625,910, filed Nov. 25, 2009, Inventor Gustafson. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 12/625,898, filed Nov. 25, 2009, Inventor Gustafson. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 10/418,191, filed Apr. 17, 2003, Inventors Schafer et al. |
Henry A. Swett, Pradeep G. Mutalik, Vladimir P. Neklesa, Laura Horvath, Carol Lee, Joan Richter, Irena Tocino, and Paul R. Fischer, Voice-Activated Retrieval of Mammography Reference Images, Journal of Digital Imaging, vol. 11, No. 2 May 1998: pp. 65-73. |
GPCALMA: a Grid-based tool for Mammographic Screening. Authors: S. Bagnasco, U. Bottigli, P. Cerello, S.C. Cheran, P. Delogu, M.E. Fantacci, F. Fauci, G. Forni, A. Lauria, E. Lopez Torres, R. Magro, G.L. Masala, P. Oliva, R. Palmiero, L. Ramello, G. Raso, A. Retico, M. Sitta, S. Stumbo, S. Tangaro, E. Zanon. HealthGrid Workshop 2004. arXiv.org. |
Selenia—User Guide / Administrator Guide, P/N 9-500-0293, Rev. 1, Copyright 2002-2003. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 11/443,742, filed May 31, 2006, Inventor Gustafson. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 11/603,554, filed Nov. 22, 2006, Inventor Gustafson. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 10/871,763, filed Jun. 17, 2004, Inventor Gustafson. |
Application and File History of U.S. Appl. No. 10/871,740, Jun. 17, 2004, Inventor Gustafson. |
PenRad, “Technologist Mammography System Handbook”, Copyright 1995-2003 rev. Jul. 7, 2003. |
AuntMinnie, “Confirma, PenRad Steamline Breast MRI Reporting”. Nov. 27, 2007. |
PenRad, “PenRad CAD Connectivity Module” Copyright 1997-2003 rev. Jul. 2, 2003. |
AuntMinnie, “A Guide to Digital and Soft-Copy Mammography” Jul. 21, 2005. |
Altera, “Medical Imaging Implementation Using FPGAs” Apr. 2006. |
AuntMinnie, “PenRad Highlights Mammography Management Tools” Nov. 7, 2005. |
PenRad, “PenRad Mammography Information System”.Copyright Sep. 18, 2002 rev. Jun. 16, 2004. |
Internet Archive-PenRad.pdf files, as downloaded on Apr. 24, 2012. |
Application and File History for U.S. Appl. No. 12/953,100, filed Nov. 23, 2010, inventor Gustafson. |
Hsu et al.,“SPIRS: A Web-based Image Retrieval System for Large Biomedical Databases”, 21 pages. Sep. 26, 2009. |
PenRad, Mammography Information System awith R2 Checkmate Ultra CAD Connectivity Module. Copyright Sep. 18, 2002—REV. Jun. 16, 2004. |
Definition of “Synthesize” freedictionary.com as download Oct. 22, 2012. |
Doi, “Current Status and future potential of computer-aided diagnosis in medical imaging” The British Journal of Radiology, 78. 2005. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20110125526 A1 | May 2011 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61282000 | Nov 2009 | US |