Patent Grant
11672854
The present invention relates to a multivalent live influenza vaccine platform using a recombinant adenovirus and specifically, to avian influenza (AI virus) live vaccine using a recombinant adenovirus, wherein a vaccine candidate material capable of simultaneously defending against H5 type and H7 type highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is developed and prepared by linking the vaccine candidate material harmless to the human body to an adenovirus.
Influenza or flu is a respiratory disease caused by infection with the influenza virus, and has symptoms such as chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, and cough when infected, and in severe cases, it causes fatal complications such as fulminant pneumonia. Human or avian influenza is caused by the influenza A virus, and spreads worldwide in a short time through wild birds and travelers, causing pandemic outbreaks. Avian influenza (AI) is a type of influenza A virus, an amorphous RNA virus with an envelope. Influenza A virus is an amorphous virus with an envelope belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family and is a virus whose genes are composed of 8 segmented RNA genomes. This virus is transformed into various types by means of mutations or recombination or mixing of genome fragments, causing a new type of influenza epidemic every year, and it also causes pandemic outbreak with a cycle of about 10 years. Influenza virus infects and proliferates in various host cells such as humans, birds and pigs to produce large amounts of viral particles. Because of these characteristics, influenza viruses often have a new type of influenza virus that has changed its infectious host through gene exchange between species.
The types of influenza viruses are so diverse that new types of viruses appear whenever an epidemic occurs. Three types of influenza viruses are known, A, B, and C, but most human or avian influenza epidemics are caused by influenza A virus. Influenza A virus is classified into various H-type and N-type depending on the antigenicity of HA and NA proteins of envelope, and H5N1 and H7N9 types are representative highly pathogenic AI viruses. Influenza virus is very active in type conversion due to gene mutations during the genome duplication process or recombination or mixing of genome fragments with other types of viruses, and through such a process, a new influenza epidemic is occurring. In addition, since influenza viruses are infected with various animals such as humans, birds and pigs and gene exchange between species is possible, when an AI virus is transfected to humans, it is highly likely that the AI virus will be converted to human influenza virus through type change. For example, in the case of swine flu that occurred in 2009, it is a new influenza virus obtained through recombination of genome fragments while influenza A virus infects human, avian, and swine host cells. The novel swine-origin influenza A occurred in 2009 is a new influenza virus obtained through recombination of segmented genome when influenza A virus infects human, avian, and swine host cells. In this regard, if the human infection of the Asian H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses in epidemic increases, the emergence of new human influenza viruses is possible.
AI viruses are classified into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) depending on the propagation rate, mortality rate, and human infection and the H5N1 and H7N9 types, which are currently prevalent in Asia, are representative HPAIs. Because these HPAIs cause the death of infected individuals and contagion spreads rapidly, and thus they are classified as Class 1 infectious disease in domestic animals of the Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Control Law and high-level infection control measures are applied to prevent human infection. AI viruses can be infected to humans by contacting the virus particles secreted by birds through the eye, nose or mouth or by inhaling the virus particles in the air. Human infection of the AI virus has evolved into a deadly human influenza virus that could cause a new human influenza pandemic. HPAI virus is a deadly infectious disease in the poultry industry because high-level precautions such as poultry stamping out are applied to prevent the risk of human infection due to the rapid contagion of HPAI virus and measures such as chicken consumption and import/export control are taken. In Korea, avian influenza (AI) has occurred several times in Korea since 2003, and in 2016, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) was prevalent and large-scale stamping-out of poultry has been carried out. H5N1 and H7N9 types are Asian HPAI viruses, and because they show a very wide host range, human infection is possible. Human infection of these viruses has been reported repeatedly in China, and there remains a possibility of contagion to humans through poultry or migratory birds in Korea. The AI virus epidemic has been reported in Korea since 2003, and highly pathogenic avian influenza has spread since 2016 to have a fatal impact on the domestic poultry industry, up to now. Due to the avian influenza outbreak in the winter of 2016, 50 million chickens were killed for three months, and economic losses were incurred over 1.5 trillion won due to the sudden rise of egg prices, egg imports and the like.
The development of an effective and safe poultry vaccine is the surest way to avoid concerns of human contagion as well as economic losses to farmers. In particular, since it is difficult to predict which type of influenza virus will cause the AI epidemic, it is necessary to develop a multivalent vaccine that can prevent the contagion of various types of HPAI. In addition, as for the AI infectious disease vaccine, the development of a live vaccine is necessary, which can respond immediately in the event of a disease, can be produced in large quantities in a short period of time and have high immune effect and can be administered easily like respiratory vaccination. In addition, there is a need for an efficient multivalent vaccine that can be used prophylactically in areas where HPAI is not prevalent, and can prevent various HPAI viruses. Currently, as a multivalent vaccine, viruses obtained by culturing several types of viruses separately and mixing them are used. In this case, there are problems such as an imbalance in the composition of virus types in the vaccine and bias in immune response due to a specific type. In order to solve these shortcomings, to develop an AI vaccine which has high immune response and is easy to inoculate, it is urgent to develop a HPAI vaccine using a recombinant virus that produces various types of influenza antigens from one virus particle.
An object of the present invention is a recombinant expression vector comprising an influenza virus H5 type hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) gene and an influenza virus H7 type HA1 gene, a recombinant strain transformed with the recombinant expression vector, and a recombinant fusion protein of influenza virus H5 type HA1 and H7 type HA1, which is obtained from the recombinant strain.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a recombinant adenovirus particle comprising transfecting an adenovirus with the recombinant expression vector and a recombinant adenovirus particle prepared according to the method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a vaccine composition for preventing or treating influenza comprising recombinant adenovirus particles as an active ingredient, and a method of preventing or treating influenza by administering the vaccine composition to individuals other than humans.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a recombinant expression vector comprising an influenza virus H5 type hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) gene and an influenza virus H7 type HA1 gene.
Also, the present invention provides a recombinant strain transformed with the recombinant expression vector.
In addition, the present invention provides a recombinant fusion protein of influenza virus H5 type HA1 and H7 type HA1, which is obtained from the recombinant strain.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of preparing recombinant adenovirus particles comprising: transfecting adenovirus with recombinant expression vector; and culturing transfected adenovirus.
In addition, the present invention provides recombinant adenovirus particles prepared according to the above method.
In addition, the present invention provides a vaccine composition for preventing or treating influenza comprising the recombinant adenovirus particles as an active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating influenza by administering the vaccine composition to individuals other than humans.
The present invention relates to a multivalent live influenza vaccine platform using a recombinant adenovirus. The present invention is a live attenuated vaccine platform using a recombinant virus and it is easy to inoculate because it is infected with the respiratory tract like influenza virus and exhibits a vaccine action. It is a multivalent vaccine which combines two types into one and it is a highly novel vaccine that does not need to mix viruses compared to vaccines using multiple combinations of one vaccine. The present invention is the first vaccine in which a gene obtained by fusion of two influenza antigen genes into one gene is incorporated into a recombinant virus. Instead of using the entire HA gene of influenza, but using a structurally independent HA1 gene, which is about half of the total HA gene, several types of HA genes could be fused into one. When the recombinant virus was inoculated into mice by nasal inhalation, it was confirmed that it is an effective vaccine in which the vaccine effect is induced by two inoculations, and the vaccine platform of the present invention is expected to be useful for the development of a vaccine for human influenza infection.
Accordingly, the present inventors used a gene in which H5 type and H7 type HA genes were fused into one gene for vaccine production in order to prepare a recombinant adenovirus vaccine against HPAI of H5 and H7 types. The HA protein of the influenza virus is a protein that acts as a receptor when the virus infects host cells, and consists of an HA1 portion and an HA2 portion. Even if these two parts are separated from each other, they maintain an independent structure without any modification of their structure in the HA protein, and the HA1 part alone can bind to the host cell receptor. Based on these points, a fusion gene was prepared by combining two reduced H5 type and H7 type HA1 genes into one gene. By linking two H5 and H7 HA1 genes into one gene, the overall gene size is not excessively large, so a recombinant adenovirus containing the fused gene can be produced and this recombinant virus can be used as a multivalent live influenza vaccine to complete the present invention.
The present invention provides a recombinant expression vector comprising an influenza virus H5 type hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) gene and an influenza virus H7 type HA1 gene.
Preferably, the recombinant expression vector may comprise a ribosome binding site, an influenza virus H5 type HA1 gene, a linker, an influenza virus H7 type HA1 gene and a tag gene in order, but it is not limited thereto.
More preferably, the influenza virus H5 type HA1 gene may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, and the influenza virus H7 type HA1 gene may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, but they are not limited thereto.
More preferably, the ribosome binding site may be RBS/Kozak (aaggaggccgccacc) to help the protein decoding, and the linker may be glycine/serine linker peptide, as a role of serving to link two genes for expression, and, and the tag gene may be a Flag tag (DYKDDDDKG) and His tag (HHHHHH) genes, as a role of serving to facilitate purification of the protein for expression, but they are not limited thereto.
More preferably, the influenza virus may be an influenza A virus, but it is not limited thereto.
In the present invention, “hemagglutinin (HA)” is one of the surface glycoproteins of influenza virus and mediates viral-cell membrane fusion during adhesion of the virus to host cells and cell penetration of the virus. It is a surface antigen protein of influenza virus that determines antigen specificity.
In the present invention, “vector” refers to a DNA molecule that replicates itself and is used to carry a clone gene (or other fragment of clone DNA).
In the present invention, “expression vector” refers to a recombinant DNA molecule comprising a target coding sequence and an appropriate nucleic acid sequence essential for expressing a coding sequence operably linked in a specific host organism. The expression vector may preferably contain at least one selectable marker. The marker is typically a nucleic acid sequence having a property that can be selected by a chemical method, and includes all genes capable of distinguishing a transformed cell from a non-transformed cell. Examples include antibiotic resistance genes such as Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Geneticin (G418), Bleomycin, Hygromycin, and Chloramphenicol, but it is limited thereto, and can be appropriately selected by a person skilled in the art.
In order to express the DNA sequence of the present invention, any of a wide variety of expression regulatory sequences can be used in the vector. Examples of useful expression regulatory sequences may include, for example, early and late promoters of SV40 or adenovirus, promoters and enhancers of CMV, LTR of retroviruses, lac system, trp system, TAC or TRC system, T3 and T7 promoters, main operator and promoter region of phage lambda, the regulatory region of the fd code protein, the promoter for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase or other glycolase, the promoters of the phosphatase such as Pho5, alpha-crossing system promoters of yeast and constructs and other induced sequences known to regulate the expression of genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells or their viruses, and various combinations thereof.
In addition, the present invention provides a recombinant strain transformed with the recombinant expression vector. Preferably, the recombinant strain may be an adenovirus, but it is not limited thereto.
In addition, the present invention provides a recombinant fusion protein of influenza virus H5 type HA1 and H7 type HA1, which is obtained from the recombinant strain.
Preferably, the recombinant fusion protein may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but it is not limited thereto.
In the present invention, “fusion protein” means that one or more polypeptides are bound to a single strand of polypeptide through a peptide bond, and it refers to a fusion protein prepared by fusion of one or more genes including a target gene by a recombinant method and translation into a single polypeptide. In the present invention, the fusion protein may include an amino acid cleavage sequence (chemical materials or enzyme specific cleavage sequence) which can be cleaved by specifically recognizing by a chemical substance or enzyme between proteins or peptide sequences of interest which are fused to each other.
In addition, the present invention provides a method of preparing recombinant adenovirus particles comprising: transfecting adenovirus with recombinant expression vector; and culturing transfected adenovirus. Preferably, the recombinant adenovirus particles may express a recombinant fusion protein of influenza virus H5 type HA1 and H7 type HA1. More preferably, the recombinant fusion protein may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, but it is not limited thereto.
Furthermore, the present invention provides recombinant adenovirus particles prepared according to the above method.
In addition, the present invention provides a vaccine composition for preventing or treating influenza comprising the recombinant adenovirus particles as an active ingredient.
Host animals capable of causing an immune response by the vaccine of the present invention may include humans, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, chickens, ducks, turkeys, ferrets, etc., and preferably, the influenza may be avian influenza, swine influenza or human influenza, but it is not limited thereto.
The vaccine of the present invention may be an attenuated live vaccine or killed vaccine, a subunit vaccine, a synthetic vaccine or a genetic engineering vaccine, but live vaccines that induce an effective immune response are preferred.
In the present invention, the term “live vaccine” or “live attenuated vaccine” refers to a vaccine containing a live viral active ingredient. In addition, “attenuation” means that the toxicity of a living pathogen is artificially weakened, and it does not cause disease in the body by mutating genes involved in the essential metabolism of pathogens, but only stimulates the immune system to induce immunity. Viral attenuation can be achieved by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, chemical treatment, or high-order continuous subculture in vitro. Attenuation can also be achieved by making clear genetic changes, for example by specific deletions of viral sequences known to provide toxicity or by insertion of sequences into the viral genome.
In addition, the vaccine of the present invention may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a solvent, an adjuvant and an excipient. Examples of the solvent include physiological saline or distilled water, and examples of immune enhancing agents include Freund's incomplete or complete adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide gel and vegetable and mineral oils, and excipients include aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, or aluminum potassium sulfate, but they are not limited thereto, and may further include a material used in the preparation of a vaccine, well known to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the vaccine of the present invention may be prepared in an oral or parenteral formulation, and may be administered by intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, nasal or epidural routes.
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating influenza by administering the vaccine composition to individuals other than humans.
In the present invention, “individual” means all animals, including humans, who have already been infected with or can be infected with influenza virus. The disease can be efficiently prevented and treated by administering the vaccine composition of the present invention to an individual. For example, the composition of the present invention can treat humans infected with various influenza virus subtypes or variants of influenza virus. In addition, the composition of the present invention can treat chickens or pigs infected with various influenza virus subtypes or variants of avian influenza. The composition of the present invention can be administered in combination with the conventional therapeutic agent for influenza virus infection disease.
In the present invention, “prevention” means any action of inhibiting or delaying the onset of influenza virus infection by administration of a vaccine composition. In addition, “treatment” refers to any action in which symptoms caused by influenza virus infection are improved or beneficially changed by administration of a vaccine composition.
The vaccine composition of the present invention is administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. The term “pharmaceutically effective amount” means an amount sufficient to treat a disease with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to medical treatment, and the effective dose level may be determined by factors including the type and severity of the individual, age, sex, type of infected virus, drug activity, sensitivity to drugs, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, treatment period, drugs used concurrently, and other factors well known in the medical field. The vaccine composition of the present invention may be administered as an individual therapeutic agent or administered in combination with other therapeutic agents, and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with a conventional therapeutic agent. Also, it can be administered single or multiple. It is important to administer an amount capable of obtaining the maximum effect in a minimum amount without side effects in consideration of all the above factors, and can be easily determined by a person skilled in the art.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. These examples are only intended to illustrate the present invention in more detail, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples according to the gist of the present invention.
In order to secure the nucleic sequence of the H5 type HA1 gene, in amino acid sequences of the HA protein of the influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1)) isolated from goose in Guangdong, China in 1996 in Gene Bank Database (NC_007362.1), the amino acid sequences from amino terminals 1 to 346 corresponding to the HA1 region were selected. This amino acid sequence contains the leader peptide portion of the HA protein and the protein coding region of the portion corresponding to the HA1 region. This region contains the receptor-binding site and esterase part of the HA protein, but excludes fusion peptide, HA2 part, and transmembrane region. To secure the nucleic sequence of the H7 type HA1 gene, in amino acid sequence of the HA protein of the influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Italy/1067/99(H7N1)) isolated from Italian chickens in 1999 in the Gene Bank Database (AJ584647.1) amino acid sequences from amino terminals 17 to 339 corresponding to the HA1 region were selected. This region contains the receptor-binding site and esterase part of the HA protein, but excludes leader peptide part, fusion peptide, HA2 part, and transmembrane region. These two HA1 proteins were linked in the order of H5 type HA1(1-334)-linker(335-349)-H7 type HA1(350-572) with glycine/serine linker peptide to express one protein. In order that the linked peptides are effectively decoded in eukaryotic cells or E. coli, and can be used for identification and separation of proteins expressed on the carboxy terminal side of the linked peptide amino acids, peptides that act as flag tags (DYKDDDDKG) and His tags (HHHHHH) are linked to design a protein composed of a total of 587 amino acids (
In order to prepare a recombinant virus expressing the protein as produced in animal cells, the codon nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of this protein was determined by optimizing the codon in a form that can be read best in animal cells. Finally, a gene expressing the fusion protein was synthesized by adding the RBS/Kozak nucleotide sequence, which is a ribosome binding site that helps protein decoding in front of the entire nucleotide sequence (RBS KOZAK/HA1(H5) (1-346; SEQ ID NO: 2)/GS linker(15)/HA1(H7)(17-339; SEQ ID NO: 3)/FLAG/His6tga)(SEQ ID NO: 4). Gene synthesis was performed using Cosmo Genetech's gene synthesis service.
In order to confirm the production of the fusion protein from the gene produced as described above, the synthesized gene was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector to produce a recombinant adenovirus particle containing the expression vector. To produce fusion protein gene, firstly, a pAd5-AI #4212 clone inserted in a direction in which the gene can be transcribed between the CMV promoter of the pShuttle-CMV shuttle vector and the SV40 polyA site, required for the production of recombinant adenovirus was obtained (
The pAd5-AI #4212 DNA was investigated by Genuine Tech Co., Ltd. to confirm that the fusion protein can be produced in animal cells using recombinant adenovirus particles containing this plasmid. To this end, 2×105 HEK293A cells were cultured overnight, and then 2×109 pfu of pAd5-AI #4212 recombinant adenovirus particles were mixed in the culture solution so that the MOU became 10,000, and the cells were infected, and then incubated for 24 hours in a medium containing fetal bovine serum. Thereafter, the medium was replaced with a medium without fetal bovine serum, and then cultured for 24 hours, and then the culture medium was collected. In this way, the culture medium of the infected cells was collected three times to recover the fusion protein. The culture medium containing the collected fusion protein was concentrated 20-fold, and then the production of fusion protein was investigated by a western blotting method using a Flag tag. As a control, a recombinant adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used instead of the fusion protein. The concentrated culture was separated by SDS-PAGE, and the protein was transferred to the NC Membrane, reacted with a mouse anti-Flag antibody, and then reacted with a secondary antibody, Rat-anti-mouse IgG1-HRP (eBioscience). After the reaction was completed, the reaction was washed with PBS and then reacted with WEST-Queen™ kit (iNtRON), and the presence or absence of the protein reacting with the Flag tag antibody and its size was measured using a fluorescence image analyzer (Fusion-SL4) (
Four five-week-old female BALB/c mice were inoculated with pAd5-AI #4212 recombinant adenovirus particles expressing H5 type and H7 type HA1 fusion protein by intranasal instillation. As a control, 4 mice were inoculated with a recombinant adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) instead of the fusion protein by intranasal inhalation. For intranasal inhalation, 5×108 pfu recombinant adenovirus particles were diluted in 30 μl of a phosphate buffer solution and 5 μl of each was alternately inhaled using both nose holes. After the completion of the first inoculation and breeding for 3 weeks, and then the virus was inoculated again in the same manner. One week after the inoculation, blood was collected from the eyes of mice to prepare antisera.
The presence or absence of antibody against the fusion protein in the serum obtained by inoculating a recombinant adenovirus expressing the fusion protein twice by intranasal inhalation was confirmed using Enzyme-linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). First, the H5 type and H7 type HA1 fusion protein culture solution obtained from cell culture were added to the ELISA plate and reacted overnight at 4° C. to coat the fusion protein. The next day, the serum of the mice inoculated with the fusion protein recombinant adenovirus was diluted 500 times and reacted for 2 hours at room temperature, and then reacted with the HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG/M secondary antibody (Merck Millipore AP130P) and antigen-antibody reaction was measured at 450 nm with an ELISA leader (ThermoFisher MULTISKAN GO). As a result, it was confirmed that antibodies reacting with the fusion protein were formed in the serum of mice inhaled with the recombinant adenovirus expressing the H5 type and H7 type HA1 fusion proteins (
These results show that the recombinant adenovirus expressing the H5 type and H7 type HA1 fusion proteins was infected in the respiratory mucosa like a normal adenovirus, and the antibody response was induced in the mouse immune system in a similar manner as when infected with the influenza virus. In other words, it is suggested that the recombinant adenovirus having the HA fusion protein gene of the influenza virus can be effectively infected in the respiratory tract of an animal to be used as a live vaccine that effectively induces an immune response to the inserted influenza protein. Influenza vaccine using this type of fusion protein is a multivalent vaccine that simultaneously provides two or more influenza antigens to the immune system and it is a new preparation method of influenza vaccine that has not been attempted at all so far. These vaccines offer several advantages over multivalent vaccines using a mixture of several types of influenza viruses.
The multivalent influenza live vaccine platform in which multiple antigens are bound to one recombinant viral particle as the present invention does not require the process of producing and mixing each monovalent vaccine virus, so it is expected to be able to quickly respond to avian influenza transmission. Also, because recombinant adenovirus is a live virus, it can induce a strong immune response against influenza virus as in AI virus infection and it is a live attenuated vaccine, it can be easily administered by respiratory inhalation like influenza virus infection, and mass vaccination is possible, and it is a vaccine manufacturing method suitable for poultry vaccination. In addition, since recombinant adenovirus is a relatively harmless virus and does not use highly pathogenic influenza virus for vaccine production, the risk of biosafety in the manufacturing process is low, and it will further contribute to shorten the production period and to reduce the production cost.
While the present invention has been particularly described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it is apparent that this specific description is only a preferred embodiment and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby to those skilled in the art. That is, the practical scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2018-0029823 | Mar 2018 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2019/000651 | 1/16/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/177256 | 9/19/2019 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20210361763 A1 | Nov 2021 | US |
