Patent Application
20110055990
Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Pleurotus Eryngii
Variety denomination: Eryngii ‘PLE-3’ and Eryngii ‘PLE-5’
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of mushroom plant of the species Pleurotus eryngii. Particularly, this invention relates to a new cultivar of eryngii, which is produced by crossbreeding eryngii varieties having dominant traits and featured by its presentable carpophore, delicacy, stability and uniformity and pronounced distinguishability.
Bottle cultivation has started around 1993 in Japan to produce the eryngii. In 2008, 38000 tons of eryngii was produced in Japan. The eryngii grows wild in North America, but it has been sparsely cultivated by a cultivation method using a bag and is in slight demand as food. Recently, bottle cultivation for producing the eryngii on a factory scale has started. Since it has been learned that the eryngii is low in calories and has beneficial effects of preventing fatty liver, future increase in demand for eryngii is expected.
However, the modern cultivar of eryngii is good in quality, but it has little adaptability to cultivation conditions such as a culture medium type in the U.S. As an example, a cultivating cycle are somewhat lengthened, thus posing a problem to industrial yieldability.
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of eryngii now present in the prior art, for the purpose of solving problems in cultivating the modern cultivar of eryngii and preserving the quality as well or better than the modern cultivar, the present invention provides mushroom plants named ‘PLE-3’ and ‘PLE-5’ cultivated and produced by crossbreeding parent strains ‘PLE-2’ and ‘MH006376’ having superior properties of stability, uniformity and distinguishability.
The successfully cultivated mushrooms named ‘PLE-3’ and ‘PLE-5’ of the invention are the same strain created by crossbreeding the same parents, so to speak, brothers. These two strains have the closely similar characteristics.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of mushrooms named ‘PLE-3’ and ‘PLE-5’ belonging to Pleurotus eryngii, featured by its presentable carpophore, delicacy, stable and consistent productivity and pronounced distinguishability. The mushrooms ‘PLE-3’ and ‘PLE-5’ of the invention are cultivated in the following cultivation processes.
July 2004: Strain MH006367 having dominant trait was produced by crossbreeding parent strains HOKUTO PLE-2 and MH006220.
February 2007: Strain MH006376 was produced by crossbreeding an existing strain MH006322 and the aforementioned strain MH006367.
December 2007: Varieties PLE-3 and PLE-5 were produced by crossbreeding the aforementioned HOKUTO PLE-2 and MH006376, and then, a cultivation experiment and a characteristic assay were made about the varieties PLE-3 and PLE-5 thus obtained.
August 2008: The cultivation of PLE-3 and PLE-5 was concluded after confirmation of distinguishability, stability and uniformity of the strains.
September 2008: With respect to the new varieties PLE-3 and PLE-5, applications for plant variety registration were filed with Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of Japan and accepted on 5 Sep. 2008.
To briefly confirm a genetical new kind of variety, a method for investigating a reluctant reaction in a dual culture can be applied. That is, this method can clarify genetic difference of the new variety from the existing by observing the reluctant reaction in the dual culture. Consequently, PLE-3 and PLE-5 of the invention could be identified as new varieties by the dual culture method using the existing varieties (
To verify the reluctant reaction, the dual culture was prepared by placing fungal strains on potato dextrose agar medium at intervals of 3 cm in juxtaposition and cultivating the strains at 25 degrees C. for 28 days. The fungal strains used in the reluctant reaction experiment in the dual culture are shown in Table 1 below.
[Results:]
The results of the reluctant reaction experiment are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the mark “+” denotes occurrence of reluctant reaction, and the mark “−” denotes no reluctant reaction.
All strains other than PLE-3 showed reluctant reaction relative to PLE-3 (07E2232) of the invention.
All strains other than PLE-5 showed reluctant reaction relative to PLE-5 (07E2228) of the invention.
The strains PLE-3 and PLE-5 of the invention were cultivated on the potato dextrose agar medium to be investigated in mycelial characteristics and so on. Consequently, the mycelia of all of the strains energetically grew. The growing rate of the mycelia at 20 degrees C. was about 3 mm a day (colony diameter). The strain having a flora surface of white (RHS: NN155C) could be obtained.
The strains were cultivated severally by 5 degrees C. in the range of 5 to 30 degrees C. When the strains were cultivated at 25 degrees C. for 14 days, PLE-5 grew somewhat poorly relative to PLE-3. The temperature for growing the strain PLE-3 best was 27 degrees C. differently from PLE-5 growing best at 28 degrees C.
(Examination Standard for Eryngii prescribed for plant variety registration based on Japanese Seeds and Seedlings Law was adopted.)
Bottle cultivation was performed using a polypropylene bottle having a bore diameter of 58 mm and a capacity of 850 ml. A culture medium was prepared by mixing cedar sawdust, bran and corn bran at the mixture ratio of 10:3:0.5 and regulating the water content to 65%. The cultivating bottle was filled up to the bottle shoulder with 510±10 grams of the culture media, and then, sterilized at high pressure. After the culture medium cooled, about 15 ml of sawdust seed fungus was implanted in the culture medium. The culture medium was controlled at 23 degrees C. and at a humidity of about 70%.
The culture medium was subjected to fungus scratching treatment after being cultivated for 40 days, and then, moved to an emergence room without dilution by water. The emergence room was controlled at a temperature of 17±1 degrees C., a humidity of 90%, an illumination intensity of 200 LUX and CO2 concentration of approximately 2000 ppm. Mushrooms thus grown were harvested three days after the mushroom cap at the center of the carpophore spreads horizontally. The carpophore thus harvested was observed to determine the shape of its pileus. The results of verification based on Examination standard for Eryngii prescribed for plant variety registration based on Japanese Seeds and Seedlings Law will be described below.
The pileus of PLE-3 has a concave shape, but that of PLE-5 has a flat shape. There was a sharp difference in that PLE-3 has a thickness of 15.38 mm and PLE-5 has a thickness of 20.41 mm. PLE-3 and PLE-5 are similar in other pileus configuration.
With respect to the shape of hymenophorum, PLE-3 has a mushroom stem moderately attached to the pileus, and PLE-5 has a mushroom stem lightly attached to the pileus. PLE-3 and PLE-5 are similar in other hymenophorum feature.
The mushroom stem of PLE-3 has a relatively thick lower part, and that of PLE-5 is thick and long. The mushroom stem of PLE-3 is 79.41 mm in length, and that of PLE-5 is 86.22 mm in length. The mushroom stem of PLE-3 is 26.7 mm in diameter, and that of PLE-5 is 26.7 mm in diameter. Other features of PLE-3 and PLE-5 are approximately the same.
With respect to the other features than those noted above, PLE-3 has 3.14 carpophore stems on an effective average, and PLE-5 has 1.59 carpophore stems on an effective average. Further, a period from planting to peak of growing development and from fungus scratching to budding of PLE-5 was longer one day than that of PLE-3.
These characteristic features of the respective PLE-3 and PLE-5 are shown in
The culture media prescribed as above were used herein to evaluate the varieties cultivated according to the invention and identify the morphological features of the varieties, but the culture media applicable for cultivating the object varieties have been improved to increase productivity of the subject mushrooms in an actual commercial production. Accordingly, the quality of the mushrooms actually produced may possibly not be consistent with the resultant data obtained from the cultivation experiment as described above. Thus, the mushrooms produced commercially in actuality according to the invention are demonstrated in
