Patent Grant
6960715
This invention relates to an instrument system for the composition and performance of sound data. More particularly, this invention relates to a system and method for an instrument which enables musical and other sound composition, and real-time creation and performance, utilizing an electronic instrument having sensor beam control, wherein the sound output, even when controlled by a novice performer, is pleasing and not disharmonious.
There have been several attempts to design an area/device wherein a person or people may, by moving within this area in certain ways, cause a sound system to generate various sounds. Some of these attempts include setting up various electromagnetic beams/patterns in the area whereby movement of a person/people interferes with these beams/patterns and causes sound generation. However, sound generation has typically been controlled by such systems in either of two ways.
One sound generation control system used in the prior art monitors a performer's movements and consistently generates exactly the same sound or sounds every time a specific movement occurs. With such systems, even slight movement variations can cause undesirable changes in pitch, tone, volume, or the like. While such systems permit a highly-trained person to “play” the system and generate exactly certain sounds at each “performance” in a more-or-less “professional” manner, these systems are not likely to produce pleasing or entertaining sounds or results if a novice attempts to perform on them.
A second sound generation control method has focused on the “power” given, say, to children in a museum setting to produce, for example, sounds by “playing” randomly in a designated area, thus permitting them to play and experiment but with little heed given to production of pleasing sounds.
Additionally, such prior art systems generally comprise relatively large areas around which are placed the light beams used for playing music or producing sounds. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,896 by Hiyosji; U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,810 by Dow; U.S. Pat. No. 5,045,687 by Gurner; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,770 by Sigalov, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The light beams in such prior art systems generally are substantially vertical in orientation, or are arranged such that the triggering motion is substantially horizontal. Such prior art systems are also relatively large and cage-like. Thus, a player of such systems must run, jump, etc. as in Hiyosji, and/or trigger a cage of vertical beams as in Sigalov.
Furthermore, such systems generally require that the beam or sensor have interaction with either a substantial part of the user's body, or at least that the beam or sensor be interrupted by an arm or a full hand. Thus, such systems also require relatively gross movements for their operation. Such systems therefore are not adapted for fine, precise, and economical user movements. Moreover, such systems are generally fairly large and require permanent or semi-permanent installations. While permanent installation is certainly desirable in many cases, equally desirable is a portable system which even a single person may disassemble, move, and re-assemble quickly and with little effort.
A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide a computer-generated sound synthesis system controlled by one or more switches, such as beam-break triggers, which allows even a novice performer to easily produce pleasing music immediately.
A further object and feature of the present invention to provide a sound generation system through which even a novice performer may make music that is harmonious, and even elegant. It is also an object and feature of the present invention that whatever sounds/notes are “played” (as by the performer moving or not-moving) will consistently be “sympathetic” (not disharmonious) to any other sounds/notes generated at that time.
Another object and feature of the present invention is to provide a music instrument designed to be playable pleasingly by anyone at first try. A further object and feature of the present invention is to provide an instrument on which a performer may independently “trigger” a series (i.e. one or more at a time) of musical “building blocks” to make up an endless variety of compositions, wherein each “building block” represents a different set of “sympathetic-to-each-other” chords, scales, rhythms, riffs, notes, etc. An additional object and feature of the present invention is to provide an instrument which consistently produces pleasing music, even when the instrument is played at random, yet which also allows a performer to progressively exercise increasing levels of control over the instrument as the performer becomes more acquainted with the various “building blocks” of the composition being played.
Yet another object and feature hereof is to provide a system that, while adaptable to very large playing areas, is specifically adaptable to small playing areas. It is a further object and feature hereof to provide a system wherein, when beam-break triggers are used as the switch, the light or sensor beams are substantially horizontal, thus enabling substantially vertical, natural, playing movements by the user.
Another object and feature hereof is to allow a performer to play the system using fine, precise, and economical movements. It is also an object and feature of the present invention to provide a system that enables a performer to use relatively thin or small members, such as conductor-type batons, drumsticks, and fingers, to control and/or play the system.
It is furthermore an object and feature hereof to provide a system that is a portable system that a single person may disassemble, move, and re-assemble easily with little effort.
Yet an additional object and feature hereof is to provide a system for programming such an instrument to achieve at least the stated advantages, objects, features, and the like. A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide such a system, which is efficient, inexpensive, and handy. Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following descriptions.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a music instrument, operable by at least one performer, capable of creating a real-time performance. Such a music instrument can comprise independently-controllable computer programs, each such computer program comprising musical elements; a plurality of independently-controllable switches, structured and arranged so that at least one switch controls at least one computer program; a plurality of interruptible electromagnetic beams, structured and arranged so that interruption of at least one respective such beam by a performer will affect operation of at least one switch; wherein operation of the music instrument will permit a plurality of the musical elements to be sounded during a performance period. Each of the musical elements used by the music instrument may be sounded during a performance period, and are preferably comprised of sound vibrations whose relative frequencies are sympathetically compatible to a performer's audience. The net result is a music instrument which allows even a novice performer, by a group of willful interruptions of the beams, to perform music consistently pleasing to the audience.
The music instrument is preferably comprised of several sub-components, including a music synthesizer in which the programs are stored and which is capable of playing one or more programs simultaneously; a plurality of independently-controllable switches, structured and arranged such that at least one of the switches controls at least one of the programs; and a plurality of electromagnetic beams, structured and arranged so that interruption of at least one beam affects operation of at least one switch. In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic beams are arranged substantially horizontally, and all electromagnetic beams are located within approximately a limb-length from the performer. The electromagnetic beams may also be preferably arranged such that a performer is only surrounded thereby on three sides. The beam emitters and beam detectors used in creating and detecting the presence or absence of the electromagnetic beams of the present invention are preferably configured such that a member having a cross section not substantially more than the diameter of a human finger or a thin conductor-type baton, can be used to interact with the beams.
The present invention may restrict the number of music elements available to a performer at any given time to a set of about seven different music elements, plus octaves of the musical elements, with the music elements related to each other such that sounding together of any combination of the music elements would ordinarily not be perceived as disharmonious by a performer's audience. While such restrictions may appear to significantly limit a performance, the present invention also allows a performer to switch from music element set to music element set, thereby providing a performer with a wider range of sound capabilities while still producing music which is not disharmonious.
In addition to providing a music instrument through which programs can be played by a performer, the present invention also preferably includes a software control system through which a performer or other programs-writer can compose their own programs. Such a software control system preferably includes a graphical interface for selecting a music element scale which serves as the basis upon which the program is built. A programs-writer can then select desired music elements to serve as a background composition and assign a tempo to the background composition. In a preferred embodiment, the music elements chosen for the background composition are notes from the selected music element scale, although the present invention may permit a programs-writer to select music elements which are not from the selected music element scale.
One or more melodies, comprised of one or more music elements, preferably selected from the selected music element scale, are next created by the programs-writer. In a preferred embodiment, the programs-writer next assigns the background composition and melodies to one or more beams. By assigning a melody comprised of multiple music elements to a beam, a programs-creator can allow a performer to play an entire melody, in some cases comprising as many as one hundred twenty-eight sequential music elements, simply by breaking a single beam for an extended period of time. Programs created in such a manner can allow even a novice performer to compose and play/perform music which is not disharmonious and which is pleasing to an audience.
A preferred software control system allows a programs-creator to not only create programs containing melodies and background compositions, but also to create transposition tables. Transposition tables allow a performer to add another dimension to a performance while keeping the sounds produced during the performance harmonious. Transposition tables allow a programs-creator to define how one or more music elements are to be modified during a performance. The transpose table creation process preferably comprises selecting a particular transposition and selecting at least one first note to be played when performing the transposition is undertaken, thereby signaling to the performer that the transposition has occurred. Thus, for example, a programs creator can use a transposition table to specify that all music elements of all melodies currently being played should be shifted up one octave, while the background composition should remain unchanged. The software control system preferably allows a programs-writer to assign a transposition table, or series of transposition tables, to at least one beam, foot switch, or other switch associated with the present invention, such that a performer effect a transposition when desired. Alternatively, the software control system can allow a programs-writer to force a transposition to occur at a certain time after the program has begun. Such a system may be more entertaining in some of the embodiments described below, such as those for rehabilitation, especially those used for rehabilitating children.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the drawings:
a, b, c, and d are elevational and sectional views showing details of sensor elements according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
General MIDI Description
MIDI is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. Additional information about MIDI, including technical specifications related thereto, can be obtained on the World Wide Web from the MIDI Manufacturer's Association. It is noted that the difference between MIDI and digital audio is that MIDI is merely performance data which by itself does not produce an audible output of sound. Instead, production of audible sound from MIDI data requires a MIDI instrument. Generally MIDI instruments tend to be of the MIDI synthesizer keyboard or module type, and are considered to be hardware-based synthesizers. However, in addition to the hardware synthesizers, software synthesizers are also available. Such software synthesizers are possible due to the computational power available to modern personal computers. The combination of a personal computer and appropriate synthesizer software can result in a fully capable and fully functional MIDI synthesizer module.
Hardware Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The music composition and performance system 10 comprises at least one, and preferably a plurality of, sensor posts, illustrated as sensor post 12, sensor post 14, sensor post 16, and sensor post 18 in FIG. 1. The sensor posts are preferably substantially identical columns placed on, or into, a floor. Each sensor post preferably comprises, either individually or in combination, at least one beam emitter and at least one beam receiver or beam detector. In an alternative embodiment, sensor posts may also include beam reflectors, beam splitters, and other such beam elements. It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that alternative sensor post arrangements, including, but not limited to, sensor posts of various heights, and sensor posts integrated into a physical structure, such as a wall, may be used without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
For example,
Laser beams are presently a preferred beam type in the present invention, and beam elements geared toward laser beams are presently used in the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that in appropriate circumstances, other forms of energy generation, manipulation, and detection circuitry may be utilized in preferred embodiments of the present invention, including, but not limited to, infrared beam emitters and detectors, ultrasonic sound generators and receivers, metal detectors, and proximity detectors.
In a sensor post based embodiment, beam emitters, beam receivers, beam reflectors, and other such beam elements in the sensor posts allow the sensor posts to be selectively coupled with one another by one or more sensor beams. As described below, the present invention is designed such that a user may interrupt a sensor beam with a part of their body or some other thin object, such as a drumstick-like object, and the interruption of the sensor beam will cause or enable a function as described below. A feature of the present invention is the enablement of the use of thin objects such as, but not limited to, thin sticks or wands, drumsticks, and one or more user fingers, to interrupt a sensor beam. This feature enables greater and more precise control, or playing/performance, of embodiments of the present invention than systems of the prior art.
It should be noted that, in a preferred embodiment, sensor beams 11, 13, 15 and 17 have a descending aspect of approximately one inch down for each foot of horizontal space between the sensor posts. This feature enables a user to position themselves in an optimum playing location relative to the motions required to interrupt sensor beams 11, 13, 15 and 17. This feature also enhances the ability of a user in a wheelchair, or in any chair, to play system 10. Also, small children may find the system 10 easier to play due to the downward angle of the side sensor beams 11, 13, 15 and 17. Alternatively, beam reflectors 30 and 32, and beam elements 26, 28, 34, and 36, may be mounted to their respective sensor posts by a mounting means which allows their height to be adjusted to better accommodate one or more performers of various height.
Although the above description discusses preferred arrangements and numbers of sensor posts and beam elements, those skilled in the art will recognize that, under appropriate circumstances, other numbers and arrangements of sensor posts, beam elements, and the like may be utilized without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention. For example, reflectors 44, 46, and 48 may be replaced with a combination of beam emitters and beam detectors. In such an alternative arrangement, a sensor beam emitted by beam element 38 may be received by beam element 44, and a sensor emitted by beam element 44 may be received by beam element 38. This arrangement can be repeated for each beam element. Such an arrangement can effectively double the number of sensor beams, which may allow for greater or more precise control of the present invention. In addition, alternative beam angles can be used, such that beam element 38 would emit a beam that was received by beam element 46 and/or beam element 48. Furthermore, varying numbers of sensor beams may be utilized in alternate embodiments. Some such alternate embodiments are described in more detail below.
A preferred embodiment of system 10 also includes foot switches 20, 22, and 24. In one embodiment, the foot switches are comprised of a MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller, Model MP 128, which is manufactured by RFX Corporation of Salt Lake City Utah. A MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller comprises a plurality of foot switches, with Model MP 128 having twelve foot switches. The MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller is programmable, and capable of sending MIDI program change information to any MIDI controllable device when one or more of the foot switches are activated. In this embodiment, the MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller sends program change information to controller 54. Information on interfacing with and controlling the MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller can be found in the MP MIDIBUDDY MIDI CONTROLLER manual, published by RFX Corporation, the teachings and contents of which are included by reference herein in their entirety.
Although this specification makes reference to foot switches, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that other switches, such as, but not limited to, hand switches, proximity switches, beam switches, and the like may be utilized herein without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Individual or collective interruption of sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, or 25 or, optionally, activation of foot switch 20, 22, or 24, will generate one or more control, or trigger, signals 51 that can be coupled to sound data generator system 50. Control or trigger signals 51 can be coupled to sound data generator system 50 through a variety of both wireless and/or wired means, including, but not limited to, traditional single or multi-channel electrical cables, such as parallel or Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables; fiber optic cables; infrared data transmissions; and radio frequency data transmissions using the BlueTooth standard or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of wireless communication standards; as well as wireless communications means capable of transmitting data over a larger distance. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the method of coupling may vary under appropriate circumstances.
Sound data generator system 50 preferably comprises software and/or hardware that enables features of producing, storing, and outputting sound data. Such sound data may include musical data, nature sound data, special sound effects data, and the like. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, such sound data may include portions of or entire musical compositions, water noises, wind noises, animal noises, artificial “electronic” sounds, and the like.
Sound data generator system 50 is preferably comprised of detection and trigger circuitry 52, controller 54, and synthesizer/sequencer 56. Detection and trigger circuitry 52 processes control, or trigger, signal(s) 51 from sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, and 25 and foot switches 20, 22 and 24. Detection and trigger circuitry 52 outputs a controller input signal 53 into controller 54 based on such control signals 51. Controller 54 preferably comprises electronic circuitry, preferably with its own software controlling its functions, that receives controller input signal 53 from detection and trigger circuitry 52, and converts it into an appropriate, configurable, control signal 55 for input to synthesizer/sequencer 56. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, synthesizer/sequencer 56 preferably comprises a MIDI synthesizer (also known as a sound module), or a sequencer, and control signal 55 is a MIDI control signal.
By way of an example, without intending to limit the present invention, one embodiment of the present invention utilizes a DrumKAT Controller, manufactured by Alternate Mode, Inc., of Chicopee, Mass., running the TURBO DrumKAT operating system 4.5 or greater as controller 54. DrumKAT Controllers are velocity-sensitive MIDI controllers designed to couple drum pads or other percussion instruments into a MIDI system, synthesizer, sound module, and the like.
Use of a DrumKAT Controller in such an embodiment can provide several advantages, including giving controller 54 as many as 9 trigger inputs and the capability of linking up to 3 of them to each other or to 9 other internal triggers. This offers the possibility of playing up to 384 notes by breaking any one beam. Although such long note groups may be desirable in some circumstances, a preferred embodiment of the present invention allows a performer to play from 1 note (called simple mode) to 4 notes each time a particular beam is broken. Each note can have its own gate time (ranging from 5 milliseconds to 6.4 seconds in the DrumKAT Controller). In addition, performers can choose alternating 8, 24, or 128 note groups. It is also possible to load sequences from a MIDI sequencer into controller 54's sequence player and trigger the sequence on and/or off by breaking a beam. The sequence can also be “sliced” and played 1 note at a time allowing for an extremely long note stream if desired.
The preferred use of a DrumKAT Controller as controller 54 also provides system 10 with 2 MIDI input jacks and 2 MIDI output jacks. These jacks allow controller 54 to serve as a powerful MIDI mapper and to control anything that has a MIDI input, including, but not limited to, synthesizers, samplers, drum machines, sequencers, transcription software on personal computers, and the like. In addition, the MIDI output features can be simultaneously connected to an array of instruments, thus permitting controller 54 to control the entire instrument bank simultaneously by breaking the beams. By also connecting foot switches 20, 22, and 24 to controller 54, a performer can control not only which device or devices is controlled by controller 54, but also change the programs, notes, sounds, and other parameters selected on the instruments.
A preferred DrumKAT Controller based embodiment also allows the polyphony, or number of simultaneously played notes, sounds, or the like, to be adjusted from 1 note to as many as 4 notes. Embodiments based on other systems, such as a software-based system, may permit even more polyphony. This allows each note to continue to sound as subsequent notes are played, as opposed to clipping or switching off the notes, so that sustained chords can be played. The DrumKAT Controller also provides 8 levels of transpose, which can be assigned to one or more beams so that when a transpose beam is broken, all beams (or specified beams) are transposed at the same time (including any notes on the transpose beam itself). There is also a reverse feature that lets melodies be played in reverse, and a mode that allows for programmed panning and volume changes, as well as a control path mode that can accesses any MIDI controller function. System 10 also supports a notation mode, which allows a performer to store and copy music generated by the present invention in a computer. Additional control features of a DrumKAT Controller based embodiment can be found in DrumKAT Turbo 4.0-4.5 Guide; and DrumKAT 3.5 Manual, Rev. 9/96, both published by Alternate Mode Inc., the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that, under appropriate circumstances, other controllers, including custom-made controllers and controllers made by different manufacturers, may be substituted for the DrumKAT Controller without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention. Further, although the DrumKAT Controller utilized herein accepts nine independent trigger inputs which are coupled to detection and trigger circuits 52, those skilled in the art should recognize that, under appropriate circumstances, additional or alternative controller 54 units may be incorporated into system 10 to accommodate more than nine trigger inputs.
In basic terms, the present invention uses controller 54 to translate trigger pulses from the sensor beams into events which are sent to synthesizer/sequencer 56 via an Output port. Events received by controller 54 can comprise musical notes, such as those stored in MIDI, format and control information that will be sent to synthesizer/sequencer 56 over a designated control channel. Information sent from controller 54 to synthesizer/sequencer 56 may comprise event information, designated channel information, selected voice, and other such control information. When synthesizer/sequencer 56 receives information from controller 54, synthesizer/sequencer 56 may either play a note against one of it's internal synthesizer voices, or it can play a custom-made audio sample from an external source, such as a Flash-RAM card, CD-ROM, or the like.
One embodiment of the present invention employs an Alesis QSR 64 Voice Expandable Synthesizer Module, manufactured by Alesis of Santa Monica, Calif., as synthesizer/sequencer 56. The Alesis QSR 64 is preferred in such an embodiment, as it comprises the features of a sequencer and synthesizer without having an attached keyboard, thus reducing the overall spatial requirements of this embodiment. The Alesis QSR 64 has several unique features which make it preferable for use in the present invention, including a library of over 1000 quality musical voices and programmable effects; 4 audio outputs, which are useful for polyphonic, and especially quadraphonic, imaging; and the ability to play custom samples from optional Flash RAM cards, with each flash card currently capable of holding a total of over 8MB of samples. The current version of the Alesis QSR 64 also supports up to 64 simultaneous voices (future models may have a greater number), and can make over 500 programs and 500 mixes available, which can result in an extremely large number of different sounding programs. Providing sample playback and imaging qualities is advantageous for providing environments-based programs. This, in turn, allows the present invention to utilize a host of animal and environment samples, for instance, original samples not available on any other synthesizer available today. The availability of such different sounds is a staple of the present invention.
In a hardware-based embodiment, voltage that comes from a beam switch is sent to a trigger-to-MIDI converter. Many such converters are currently available, including converters from manufacturers such as Yamaha and Roland. Unfortunately, current trigger-to-MIDI converters are limited in their use with the present invention, and an alternative, software-based trigger-to-MIDI converter has been developed as part of the present invention. Although a software-based trigger-to-MIDI converter is described herein and is presently preferred, the present invention will focus on the use of currently available trigger-to-MIDI converters in the description of a preferred embodiment for ease of reference. A preferable trigger-to-MIDI controller unit, the DrumKAT, unit is made by Alternate Modes. Some features of this controller work well for controlling the signals from the beams and assigning the melody streams, loops playback, etc.
Coupling sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, or 25 and foot switches 20, 22 or 24 to synthesizer/sequencer 56 enables the coupling and control of the sound libraries and programmability features of synthesizer/sequencer 56 to the trigger events generated by the interruption of one or more of the sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, or 25 or the foot switches 20, 22 or 24. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention preferably employ one or more Alesis QSR 64s for synthesizer/sequencer 56, those skilled in the art will recognize that under appropriate circumstances, other synthesizers/sequencers, including those by different manufacturers, may be utilized in alternative embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or the scope of the present invention. Further information on the controllable attributes of the Alesis QSR 64 can be found in the QSR Reference Manual published by Alesis of Santa Monica, Calif., the teachings of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
Synthesizer/sequencer 56 further preferably comprises audio output signals 57 that can be coupled from synthesizer/sequencer 56 out of sound data generator system 50 and input into a sound generation system 60. Audio output signals 57 may comprise digital and/or analog signals. Sound generation system 60 preferably comprises a 5.1 surround sound system, although one skilled in the art should appreciate that sound generation system 60 can alternatively comprise stereo, four channel, Dolby ProLogic™, Dolby Digital™, Digital Theater System (DTS), or other such sound systems as those skilled in the art would find appropriate without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Sound generation system 60 preferably comprises a number of speakers appropriate for the accurate creation and reproduction of audible sound data produced by system 10. In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in
System 10 further comprises at least one bi-directional auxiliary control signal pathway 58. Control signal pathway 58 allows system 10 to be coupled to and to control additional synthesizer/sequencers, lighting or other effect systems, additional sound data production processing or storage equipment, and the like.
In one embodiment, system 10 can be placed into an arcade location. Users may walk up and, following an appropriate payment of money, tokens, or the like, system 10 can be played for a predetermined time period. Additionally, as system 10 is played a temporary memory, such as a loop recorder, digital video recorder, or computer memory (“buffer”), may record the user's performance. If desired, when the user has finished his or her performance or at other desired points in time, the user may elect, most likely by paying an additional sum, to have his or her performance transferred to portable media or converted into another format, such as storing the recording on a compact disc in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video, MPEG Layer 3 (MP3) format, Windows Media Audio (WMA), or another such format. This can allow a user to capture, for his or her own use, a unique musical composition composed by him or her using system 10. Although the terms his and her are used above to refer to a user, the terms should not be construed as limiting the invention to operation by a single performer.
In an alternate embodiment, as will be discussed further below, sound data generator system 50 can comprise a software system running upon a personal computer, laptop computer, portable desktop assistant (PDA), workstation, or other computerized device. One skilled in the art should appreciate that such a system can enable all of the features of controller 54 and synthesizer/sequencer 56, and may also provide additional features as discussed below. Such a system preferably comprises hardware interface components as appropriate to couple sensor beams, sound output equipment, and auxiliary functions to the computer comprising such software system.
a-5d illustrate elevational and sectional views of beam elements according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As
Referring again to
By way of an example of the functions of detection and trigger circuit 52a, without intending to limit the present invention, beam emitter 78 may emit sensor beam 77, which is preferably a laser beam. Sensor beam 77 strikes beam diffuser 79 and enters beam detector 76. Beam detector 76 allows sensor beam to travel through beam coupler 82 to sensor component 86, preferably comprising an infrared (“Ir” hereinafter), or visible light, laser sensor. Such sensor components typically function in a manner similar to a transistor, and sensor component 86 is illustrated as a transistor whose base portion is activated by incoming photons. The collector portion of sensor component 86 is coupled via resistor 94, which is preferably a 3.3K Ohm resistor, to the base portion of transistor 96, which is preferably a 2N222A transistor. The collector portion of transistor 96 is, in turn, coupled via resistor 98, which is preferably a 3.3K Ohm resistor, to the base portion of a second transistor 100, also preferably a 2N222A. The collector portion of transistor 100 is coupled via resistor 102, preferably a 1K Ohm resistor, to output 104. Output 104 can be hardwired to detection and trigger circuit 52a, or output 104 may constitute a wireless or wired communications means, such as a male or female plug, for connecting detection and trigger circuit 52a to one or more devices. Output 104 allows the controller-input signal 53a, generated by detection and trigger circuit 52a, to be transmitted to controller 54. Additionally, as would be understood by those skilled in the art, a power supply preferably supplies +9 volts via resistors 88, 90, and 92, each preferably 47K Ohm resisters, to collector portions of transistors 86, 96, and 100 respectively. The foregoing is only one example of detection and trigger circuit 52a, and it is noted that strictly Ir versions of detection and trigger circuit 52a may utilize and output approximately +12 volts DC.
Alternative coupling means for beam detector 76 and detection and trigger circuit 52a coupling may also be used. For example, sensor component 86 can be mechanically coupled directly to beam detector 76 without an beam coupler 82. In such an embodiment, beam diffuser 79 may still coupled to the front end of sensor component 86 to serve as a broad target for sensor beam 77. Thus, sensor beam 77 impacts beam diffuser 79 and the resulting diffused sensor beam 77 then impacts sensor component 86. The electrical power and signals from sensor component 86 are connected to the balance of detection and trigger circuit 52a. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other circuits, including microchips, may be utilized in appropriate circumstances for detection and trigger circuits.
Switches 20 and 22 are preferably coupled to controller 54 and enable switching and selection of a desired program from among those stored in controller 54. It should be noted that the number of programs available in controller 54 is limited only by the available memory of the controller 54, and additional programs may be added by connecting controller 54 to the Internet, or by adding plug-in cards or other enhancements to controller 54. It should also be noted that in an alternative embodiment, switches 20 and 22 may comprise a multiple switch unit such as the RFX Corporation MIDIBUDDY MIDI Controller.
In the portable embodiments illustrated in
Although the descriptions above discuss specific numbers of sensor beams and specific sensor beam arrangements, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the number and arrangement of sensor beams can be varied without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention.
Hardware Operation Description
With reference to
As supported by current generation Alesis QSR synthesizers, a Mix may comprise a combination of one to sixteen individual programs. These Mixes can be used in many ways. The most common usage is to produce multi-timbral sounds, especially when connected to a MIDI sequencer. Multi-timbral sounds means that for each of the sixteen possible channels supported in a hardware-based synthesizer/sequencer 56 (a sensor beam triggers one or more MIDI channels in embodiments of the present invention) a different program may be selected, thus creating anything from a small pop/rock ensemble to a complete orchestra. Another way of using a mix is to layer two or more programs together so that they play simultaneously from a MIDI controller. An instrument can also be program split, for example by assigning one program to the lower half of a keyboard while another program is assigned to the top half. Programs can even overlap in the middle in such embodiments. Further information on programs, Mixes, and splits is available in commercially available references, such as the QSR Reference Manual, published by Alesis of Los Angeles, Calif., and the drumKAT Turbo Guide, published by Alternate Mode, Inc. of Chicopee, Mass., the teachings of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
Additionally, it should be noted that a traditional synthesizer/sequencer 56 plays one or more Programs in synchronization once a pre-programmed Program is started. Thus, be it one or sixteen tracks, once started all selected tracks or channels will play in synchronization, or at the same clock speed (also known as dwell time). Thus, although the individual tracks or channels may not play together, the timing intervals are the same. However, in the software embodiment in development discussed below, the clock speed of the different tracks or channels is adjustable on an individual channel basis.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In the preferred embodiment of
Beams four, five and six, identified as sensor beams 11, 21, and 23 are melody beams. These three sensor beams preferably comprise detailed melodies as their sound data, wherein such melodies are in sympathy with those upon Beams one and two. Those skilled in the art will recognize that under appropriate circumstances other sound data may be programmed onto sensor beams 11, 21, and 23. Additionally, as previously described, such sound data may also preferably comprise nature sound data, special sound effects data, etc. e.g.—water noises, wind noises, animal noises, artificial “electronic” sounds, etc. that is in sympathy with sensor beams 13 and 15.
Beam three, identified as sensor beam 17, is known as the transpose beam. The transpose beam transposes each assigned sensor beam 11, 13, 15, 21 or 23 to a new key, chord, or sound. Such transposition changes the “color” of the sound data being output by system 10. Each time sensor beam 17 is interrupted all sensor beams designated in a transpose matrix are instantly transposed to a new key, chord, sound, or combination thereof. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, a transpose value can be added to a real-time offset, and each note that is transpose enabled is offset by this amount. Preferably, the number of transpose steps or values is unlimited, although the Alesis QSR is currently limited to a maximum of 8 transpose values. A software based embodiment may not face such limitations.
Sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23 each represents a “building block” to a composition played upon system 10. A user builds their composition in real time depending on when and for how long they interact with one of these blocks of music by interrupting sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 or 23, and further by when, where, and how the user transposes sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23 at any given moment. All of the music elements of the building blocks coupled to sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23 are preferably “harmonious” or “sympathetic” with each other and can be arranged in any order. Thus, a user will be able to perform increasingly complex concerts of sound data as they become more and more familiar with the programmed contents of sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23. The various building blocks programmed and coupled to each applicable sensor beam preferably relate to the tempo of the running beam. By way of example, some sensor beam building blocks can be set very fast for trills, fills, and the like, while others match or are slower than the tempo of the running beam.
An example of a preferred Program playback setup (utilizing seven sensor beams as shown in
STEP 1: Assign or select a particular Program of building blocks for the running beam (Beam 7), sensor beam 25.
STEP 2: Assign or select a particular Program of building blocks for Beam 1, sensor beam 15, preferably comprising 1 to 128 notes or building blocks in length.
STEP 3: Assign or select a particular Program of building blocks for Beam 2, sensor beam 13, preferably comprising up to 128 notes or building blocks in length.
STEP 4: Assign or select a particular transpose effect or mode to the transpose beam, Beam 3, sensor beam 17. Note that a note or sound effect may be added to the transpose beam that is played when the transpose beam is interrupted, usually the root note in music, and a transpose matrix is also programmed. Note that all beams in the matrix preferably transpose simultaneously, including the transpose beam if desired.
STEP 5: Assign or select particular Programs of building blocks for Beams 4, 5, and 6, sensor beams 11, 21, and 23. Such musical building blocks are preferably comprised of alternate chords that fit against the predominant scale (relative minors, suspended chords, etc.). It should be noted that sensor beams may also be linked so a melody in 3-part harmony could be written on a single sensor beam.
As previously discussed, each of the sensor beams may now be “played” or “performed”. In other words, the sensor beams can create control, or trigger, signal(s) 51 of FIG. 1. Such “playing” can be done using objects of varying size, such as, but not limited to, thin sticks or wands, drumsticks, one or more fingers, a hand, a foot, a leg, or a head, to interrupt one or more of sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23. Each of sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23 is “synchronized” such that if a user passes their hand through a sensor beam once, they trigger exactly one note, or sound data event. However, if the user holds their hand in the path of a sensor beam continuously, the notes, or sound data events, will play for as long as the sensor beam is blocked.
In a hardware-based embodiment, continuous sound data playback is made possible by “overdriving” controller 54 input with sensor beam trigger signal(s) 51. Controller 54 is input with approximately 12 volts DC which results in a continuous triggering of the program on that channel of controller 54. Note that this feature may be particular to the DrumKAT system, in that overdriving controller 54 inputs in a manner other than specified in a controller's specifications or manual can result in the continuous triggering or playing of the sound data events. These features thus enable control, or playing, of embodiments of the present invention in a manner affording more precise control than systems in the prior art.
By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, in the embodiment illustrated in
It should be noted that although the following refers to “MIDI notes” the explanation applies also to other building block events or notes.
Playback modes for pre-programmed MIDI note(s):
a. Single Note:
One MIDI note is played for each trigger signal(s) 51.
b. Multiple (single step) Notes:
Between one and four MIDI notes are played with programmed delay and duration for each trigger signal(s) 51.
c. Alternating single-step loops of MIDI notes.
Each trigger signal(s) 51 plays the next successive MIDI note in a specific pattern.
d. Programmed Motifs (MIDI note sequences).
Each trigger signal(s) 51 starts or stops playback of MIDI Motifs in a fashion that is similar to a MIDI sequencer. Motifs are played with a specified tempo and are played once or looped.
e. Continuous playback.
Interruption of one beam causes a prolonged trigger signal, which causes a single note, if one is assigned to the trigger, to be played for an extended duration, or, if multiple notes are assigned to the trigger, the multiple notes are played in synchronization and sequentially until the beam is no longer interrupted.
Thus, a user may “play” system 10 by moving their fingers, or by other means as previously discussed, so as to interrupt one or more sensor beams 11, 13, 15, 21 and 23.
An additional feature of the embodiment illustrated in
It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention have features that enable their installation and use in many and diverse situations. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, some suggested applications comprise:
Professional Musicians—In one embodiment, various drum sounds can be assigned to individual beams, and the system can be played like a drum set. In another embodiment, the present invention can be configured with a plurality of running beams, such that activation of one or more beams produces rhythmic, harmonious music without requiring a performer to constantly interact with the present invention. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, such an embodiment may be of interest to dance club disc jockeys (“DJ's”) or the like.
Home entertainment center—The music room of the future.
“Edu-tainment” centers for children (such as Planet Kids)—Kids tend to eventually break or wear out things, such as the piano keys made for jumping around on, but embodiments of the present invention are unbreakable and last forever.
Performance Theater of all kinds, from experimental musicals to Hip-Hop or Rock bands. Embodiments of the present invention have the potential to become a staple with hip-hop bands or dance-oriented acts.
Fashion Show Runways
Ballet—the music coming from the movements of the dancers themselves. Or skaters, as in the Ice Capades
The Folk instrument of the future—anyone can make impressive music immediately.
Physical therapy—the simplicity of the design makes it ideal for handicapped children or adults to have a fulfilling musical experience, regardless of age or level of intellect. The beams are so precise that when positioned properly, they can be adjusted for even the tiniest range of movement—even using a fingertip, a wand held between the teeth, or a breath controller.
Museum Exhibits—active participation, or an array of beams across the entrance. It is the very definition of “interactive”.
Toys—anyone, but especially children, can be encouraged to learn using the present invention. A simplified embodiment of the present invention, without the above-described foot switches, may be desirable in such applications. Further, the individual beams can be labeled, such as with numbers, letters, or symbols, to facilitate learning. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, one or more farm animal sounds may be assigned to each beam, and a corresponding picture of an animal can be placed next to the beam. When a child interrupts a beam, the present invention can cause the sound typically associated with the animal depicted next to the beam to be played, thus encouraging children to recognize the names and sounds of various animals. In another example, the present invention can be configured to teach the alphabet by playing back recordings of other children singing letters of the alphabet each time a beam is interrupted or continuously if a beam is interrupted for an extended period of time. In still another example, the present invention can be configured to teach a user to count by playing back recordings of one or more persons saying a numbers, in incrementing and/or decrementing order, each time a beam is interrupted or continuously if a beam is interrupted for an extended period of time.
Music System Description
The “sympathetic” musical system of the present invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, will now be described. Each beam of the music instrument can represent a “building block” to a composition. A composition is built in real time based on the style and duration of a performer's interaction with one or more of these blocks of music (as by interrupting a beam), and when and where the performer transposes the beams at any given moment. All building blocks are harmonious with each other and can be arranged in any order. The more a performer learns about what is programmed on a particular beam the more control the performer has over the musical “scene”.
According to a preferred seven beam embodiment, such as that illustrated in
The running beam, sensor beam 25, is normally addressed first by the user. It establishes the mood, the musical scale, and the root note of the piece (so the melody beams don't feel rootless). Beam #3, sensor beam 17 is preferably the transpose beam. Each time it is interrupted, all beams designated in the transpose matrix are instantly transposed to a new key, chord, sound, or combination thereof. All other beams are preferably programmed with melodies or effects, in various tempos that relate to the tempo of the running beam. Some are set very fast for trills and fills or the like. They are all preferably “synchronized melody” type beams, meaning that if a user passes his or her hand through the beam once, one note is triggered; a user who holds his or her hand in the beam will cause the melody to be played for as long as the beam is blocked, with the played melody in synchronization with the other sounds played by the invention.
The composition scheme is typically to go from one beam to another, or from one building block to another, rather than playing many at the same time. To get two or several notes to play at the same time in an harmonious way, a program writer may place such synchronous notes directly under the control of a melody beam, or the performer may interrupt two or more melody beams at the same time. A typical performance can include, but is not limited to, a performer playing a few notes on one beam, then switching to another beam, then throwing in an accent on still another beam. This is opposed to the prior art way of writing a composition that is locked into an exact harmony scheme or that can only be played one way. According to the present invention, a performer can spend a little time on one beam, a little on another, and see a composition begin to take shape. Depending on the player, the composition can be different every time.
Applicant has developed, using the western 12-tone equal tempered scale supported by the Alesis QSR, programs that work in the following modes or styles: Jazz, classical, new age, calypso, hip hop, R & B (Rhythm and Blues), country, rock, dance, swing, flamenco, film score, arcade-style sound effects, environments (such as, but not limited to, ocean, rain forest, rain storm, and animal sounds) and modern synthesizer patches that are impossible to categorize. Sample programs are provided in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/312,843, filed Aug. 16, 2001, entitled “Music Instrument System and Method”.
While the Alesis QSR is presently a preferred synthesizer/sequencer 56, the present invention can easily be adapted to support scales other than western by using a synthesizer that allows user scales, such as the Korg M1. With the Korg M1, the musical scheme “composer” could program scales for intervals for Chinese music, or ¼ tones, or any other type of interval.
In writing a program, when a note is input into the controller, typically from a keyboard or sequencer, the channel address comes with it, as do volume and velocity. When a program writer changes to a new program, the controller typically sends out a program change telling the synthesizer which program is to be addressed. The controller can use a single synthesizer or be hooked up to a chain of synthesizers, as desired or necessary, for a particular application.
It is presently preferable that the “sympathetic” scales and chords used by a program writer will be selected from the following example kinds of scales (i.e., including transpositions of such scales/chords):
Abbreviated C MAJOR SCALE (no B note used)—C D E F G A-C—The chords used as counterpoint will preferably be—C-Csus-Dm-Dm7-Am-Am7-F-Fmaj7-G-G7—(also-C bass-F bass-and G bass work well against all of these scales).
C MODAL SCALE (pentatonic with Bb added) (has no 3rd)—C D F G A Bb-C—This type of scale is darker than major and not as dark as minor. The chords used as counterpoint will preferably be Dm-Dm7-Bb-F-Fsus-G7 (no 3rd is “bluesy”)-C7 (no 3rd is “bluesy”)-Csus-Gm-Gm7—.
Modified C Natural MINOR SCALE (no Ab used)—C D Eb F G Bb-C—The chords used as counterpoint will preferably be-Cm-Cm7-Bb-Bbsus-Gm-Gm7-F7 (no 3rd is “bluesy”)-Eb-Ebmaj7-Dm-G7 (no 3rd is “bluesy”).
Modified C Harmonic MINOR SCALE (B changed to Bb)—C D Eb F G Ab Bb-C—The chords used as counterpoint will preferably be-Cm-Cm9-Bb-Bb7-Ab-Abmaj7-Fm-Fm7-Gm-Gm7-G-F7 (no 3rd is “bluesy”).
C Minor Blues Scale (no 2nd)-C-Eb-F-G-Bb-C—It's a minor blues scale when played against a C bass but is a major scale (with a 6th) when played against an Eb bass. An F7th chord (with no 3rd) or an F9 chord works well against it.
As used above, the term “chord” is intended to mean a block chord or a group of melody notes assigned to a beam that, when played, will outline the chord. The idea is to use, at essentially all times, only the 5 or 6 or 7 notes which, when sounded together in pairs or more will not sound disharmonious.
It is noted, as applicant has found, that the above example sets of notes (and their transpositions) fall into highly preferred restricted classes. Put simply, counting each half-step in a usual 12-half-step scale, the spaces between the preferred notes of a set would be, as below modified, either a 2-3-2-2-3 spacing or a 3-2-2-3-2 spacing (where the asterisk (*) highly-preferred bass note location):
For the *2 3 2 2 3 spacing, either the first “3” space will become a “2-1” pair of spaces or the second “3” space will become a “1-2” pair of spaces with the bass note in the sets being the note just before the “2” space as shown.
For the *3 *2 2 3 2 spacing, either neither “3” will change or the first “3” will become a “2-1” pair of spaces or the first “3” will become a 2-1 pair of spaces and the second “3” will become a “1-2” pair spaces with the base note in the sets being as shown above and in the corresponding example scales above.
The note sets discussed above, and all their transpositions as a set, comprise the highly preferred sets of notes from which a program writer, according to this invention, will preferably choose essentially all of the notes to be played during a selected time period. These sets of notes each represent a “sympathetic” scale and note-set, in that the sounding of more than one of the notes in a set together will not be heard by an ordinary audience as disharmonious.
Example of the Development of a Seven Beam Sound “Scene”
Preferred Example or the Development of a Seven Beam Sound “Scene”
STEP 1—Develop a loop, riff, strum, or other underpinning for the “running” beam (preferably Beam 7-sensor beam 25). This decides the key, scale, and the mode for all the other beams.
STEP 2—Write a melody, preferably on Beam 1 (sensor beam 15) which is 1 to 128 notes long, using a scale that fits “sympathetically” with the notes and scale of the running beam.
STEP 3—Write a melody or counterpoint, preferably on Beam 2 (sensor beam 13) and again up to 128 notes long, that is harmonious to the melody on Beam 1 (e.g., using same “sympathetic” scale). Beams 1, 2, 3, and 4 preferably never (but always only briefly and seldom) have notes on them that will “clash” with the running beam (i.e., notes not found on the then-being-used “sympathetic” scale). This allows the inexperienced player to “walk around” in these beams/notes without the possibility of a “clashing” note.
STEP 4—Assign the “transpose beam”, preferably to Beam 3 (sensor beam 17). A note or sound effect is then preferably added to Beam 3 (usually the root note) and a transpose matrix is preferably also programmed on it. When a performer breaks this beam, all beams in the transpose matrix transpose simultaneously (including Beam 3, if desired).
STEP 5—Write melodies and/or chords on Beams 4, 5, and 6 (sensor beams 11, 21, and 23) using alternate chords that fit against the predominant scale (relative minors, suspended chords, and the like). Beams can also be linked so that, for example, a melody in 3-part harmony could be written on a beam. Each melody is preferably programmed with up to 128 notes written on it and any or all using complimentary but different synthesizer sounds (such as different “instruments” playing in different octaves, etc.). Although the melodies are preferably complementary, no other restrictions are placed on the melodies, such that the melodies can, for example, move in different directions, such as one ascending and one descending, or play with one an octave higher than the other.
Thus, a program writer can create building blocks to an endless variety of possible real-time compositions to be composed/played by a performer.
Other Preferences
It is noted that if a performer breaks a melody beam on the beat, a note will preferably play on the beat. If a performer breaks a melody beam one or more times between beats, a single note will be “syncopated” into the melody. While this configuration is preferable for amateur musicians, the present invention can be made to include an option that allows users to turn off such forced syncopation should they wish more control over the system.
It is also noted that, although the tempo settings assigned to the synchronized melody beams are currently global, they will preferably be independently settable. As a tempo example, a performer may set beam #1 to a 12/4 (3 notes per quarter note as relates to the “running beam”), Beam #2 to an 8/4, Beam #3 (one shot) as the transpose beam, Beam #4 is also set as a one-shot, and Beams #5 and #6 can be made synchronized melody beams but set extremely fast (for trills—drum fills etc.). Beam #7 is the “running beam” (also a one-shot), so that means in this example we really only deal with the tempo relationships between the running beam and Beams #1 and #2. For example, if the running beam is set at 100 BPM and Beam #1 is set at 12 beats per bar and Beam #2 at 8 beats per bar, then if a running beam is used at the tempo of 133 BPM, then Beam #1 will play 8th notes against it and Beam #2 will play ¼ note triplets. And if a running beam tempo of 67 is used, then Beam #1 will be playing 16th notes and Beam #2 will play ⅛th note triplets. This global tempo setting is currently a limiting characteristic of the Alesis QSR controller and will be corrected to give any beam complete tempo control with development of the software system herein described.
As also stated elsewhere herein, the present invention includes software and hardware that implements preferred trigger-to-MIDI capabilities. Trigger-to-MIDI functions, as well as synthesizer sounds, samples, loops, etc., are reducible to software or digital sound representations, and such reduction can allow the present invention's capabilities to increase immeasurably, costs to drop dramatically, and ease of programming to increase. Such software will preferably be upgradeable by E-mail, dial-up connection, Internet download, or other wireless or wired means. Further, a “Band in a Box” type program is preferably included with the present invention to generate melodies, with such a program preferably programmable by a person with simple computer skills and little musical knowledge. By including an artificial intelligence music program like “Band in a Box” (a current popular program for writing original music on a home computer), a user is able to generate unlimited melodies just by signifying a root note and choosing a chord structure. When a user finds a melody that is to their liking, they can then insert that melody into the sequence of notes assigned to a particular beam. There are many programs of this type currently on the market which allow music writers to write music very quickly, including backing tracks for songs, and the programs can generate a considerable assortment of melodies, modes, and styles of backing tracks. These backing tracks and/or loops can also be programmed onto the “running beam” of the system of this invention as easily as a simple melody.
A professional user will undoubtedly make more use of his/her own melodies and effects and may do this in an endless number of ways. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, a professional user might program two beams to be used specifically in the verse of a piece, two others to be effective in the bridge, and two for another section—and all of them could contain program change information so that the 2nd time around they use completely different sounds or effects. Any melody, rhythm, sequence, loop, harmony, or sample can be programmed on a beam so the musical possibilities are truly endless.
An alternate embodiment of the trigger-to-MIDI software further comprises hardware to interface trigger circuitry into a personal computer or workstation, preferably using the Universal Serial Bus interface. This embodiment also includes hardware and software for outputting sound signals into an appropriate sound amplification and playback system, such as a Dolby Digital sound card within the computer. The interface trigger circuitry is currently implemented via a “breakout box”. Such a breakout box preferably allows the coupling of the control, or trigger, signal(s) 51 (see
Hardware/Software Comments
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a hardware-based configuration comprises an Alternate Mode DrumKAT MIDI controller and an Alesis QSR sound module. In the most basic terms, the function of the DrumKAT controller is to translate trigger pulses from the various beams into MIDI events which are sent to the Alesis QSR via a MIDI Output port. When the Alesis QSR receives MIDI notes from the controller, it either plays the note against one of its internal synthesizer voices or it plays a custom-made audio sample from a Flash-RAM card.
A goal of a software-based embodiment is to replace the above-stated hardware functions, and other related functions, with an integrated software system, preferably for a Windows(TM) platform. While a Windows platform is presently preferred, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that alternative operating system and related computer hardware architectures platforms can be substituted therefor, such as, but not limited to, Mac OSX, produced by Apple, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.; Linux, originally produced by Linus Torvalds of the University of Helsinki in Findland and now available from a variety of software developers; and Lindows, produced by Lindows.com, Inc. of San Diego, Calif., without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Listed below are brief descriptions of some of the functions which are preferably supported in a software-based embodiment. This list is intended for illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted as limiting the present invention to these functions.
A software-based embodiment of the present invention should include positive features of the hardware-based embodiment, including the following:
Comparing Hardware to Software
By comparing the preferred MIDI sequencing functions outlined above with those available with current music software such as Cakewalk Sonar, produced by Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. of Boston, Mass., it is apparent that such functions can be replaced or replicated with current Windows DirectX(TM) plug-in software. The types of plug-ins needed in such software include synthesizers, sound modules, samplers, DSP effects processing, and Dolby 5.1 Surround Sound encoding. All of these plug-ins are currently available in a variety of versions.
There is now no direct software replacement for the Alternate Mode MIDI controller. However, almost all of the necessary MIDI controller functions are represented in some form within music software such as Cakewalk Sonar(TM) software. The MIDI playback functions of the Alternate Mode MIDI controller involve the playing back of one or more pre-defined MIDI note sequences. A selection of playback modes govern the manner in which the sequence is played. The playback mode is determined at the time the sequence is created. Playback is started and stopped by a trigger pulse from a designated Beam. A trigger pulse from another designated Beam can further govern the playback by adjusting the value of the MIDI Note Transpose Offset. In summary, the current controller gives each Beam the option of playing a selected sequence, and/or it can change the transpose value in real-time.
With a few differences, MIDI software, such as, but not limited to, Cakewalk Sonar, provides the same basic playback capabilities of the Alternate Mode controller. Instead of the Beams providing real-time user input, Cakewalk Sonar uses the Mouse, Keyboard, other input devices, or combinations thereof, to start and/or stop sequence playback and to adjust the value of a real-time MIDI Note Offset. Normally, Cakewalk Sonar sequences are played in sequential mode or they are continuously looped at predefined points. Although Cakewalk Sonar can record sequences in a single-step mode, it currently lacks the ability to play them back that way. Hence, the alternating single-step playback mode provided by the current MIDI controller cannot be achieved by Cakewalk Sonar without some additions/modifications. While a software embodiment offers advantages over a hardware-based embodiment, such a limitation can make a hardware-based embodiment more desirable in some situations.
Cakewalk Sonar and other music software also cannot currently provide the ability to limit the number of notes that will be actively played at a given time. Some existing plug-in synthesizers can regulate note polyphony within their own programming, however it would be preferable to have this feature as part of the MIDI playback engine. It is noted that as presently implemented in a hardware embodiment, controller 54, which is presently preferably a DrumKAT MIDI controller running the TURBO DrumKAT operating system version 4.5 or greater, allows for a maximum of four note polyphony. Future embodiments will want a much greater polyphony feature.
To provide for all of the current requirements of the system of the present invention, a software-based embodiment should include a shell that has the ability to run specific music software modules of the types in current use. For example, a stripped-down version of the Cakewalk Sonar playback engine can be used to play pre-sequenced MIDI data according to proprietary run-time parameters according to the present invention. These user-supplied parameters are typically created and maintained by a software shell and stored as a “patch” on the hard disk. For example, pre-sequenced MIDI data can be created and maintained for each Beam as a normal Cakewalk Sonar (.WRK) file. A direct link to Cakewalk Sonar itself can provide this capability. Further information and features are explained in detail in the soft cover manual Sonar Power! By Scott R. Garrigus published in July 2001 by Muska & Lipman Publishing; ISBN: 192968536X.
In addition to using Cakewalk Sonar, the present invention can also take advantage of DirectMusic Producer, an Application Programmer Interface for Windows based computers published by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash. An embodiment including DirectMusic Producer is described later herein.
Transpositions
With the Alternate Modes MIDI controller, any beam can be set, or linked to a beam that is set, to the option of “Control Mode”. In control mode the option of “Transpose” includes eight stages of transpose. Each step can be programmed up or down 0 to 50 half steps, then reset to the first level and started over again. Which of the beams is caused to transpose is decided on another page of the controller by assigning it a “Y” or an “N” in the transpose grid. Other options in control mode include:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention uses control mode for transposes and motif playback, although other uses should be apparent to one skilled in the art.
By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, a transpose beam can be put in control mode and linked to a trigger that sends one or more notes when it's interrupted (the idea being that, if a performer is breaking that beam to transpose everything, it might be preferable as well to issue such notes). Sometimes a program-writer may use an effect, such as castanets on a flamenco program, but most of the time it is preferred to use a note or group of notes such as a strum.
This brings up the problem of what notes to use, as these notes will preferably be the first notes of the transposed key that follows. Another problem that arises is whether to transpose the “transpose” beam along with all of the rest. Different schemes may be preferred depending on the mode or sound of the program, and the present invention supports all of these various options. Several examples of how such options can be treated by the present invention are detailed below.
In the first two examples the transpose beam is transposed along with the others. If the program is in a major mode or a mode with no 3rd in it, it is often preferred to use the root on the transpose beam. Then when the transpose beam is struck, the root (e.g., C) sounds but every note after it will be in the new key. So a “friendly sounding” transpose scheme might be from C up +5 steps (these are half steps) to F (the C note will sound fine against the F chords), then +5 more to Bb (causing an F against Bb), then +5 to Eb (Bb against Eb) +2 to F (Eb against F), then down −10 (½ steps) to G (F against G), and then it resets to beginning (with G against C). In a minor mode, it is often preferred to use the 5th on the transpose beam with this scheme. If in C minor, the transpose scheme preferred may be to go up +7 steps to Gm (G against Gm), down −5 steps to Dm (D against Dm), up +7 to Am (A against Am), down −5 to Em (E against Em), up +4 to G♯ (B against G♯), down −3 to Fm (Eb against Fm), down −5 to C (C against Cm) and reset over, etc.
In a third example, a user or program-writer prefers not to transpose the transpose beam along with the others, and a seven or eight note sequence is linked to the transpose beam such that each time the transpose beam is hit, all other beams are transposed and the note on the transpose beam itself has exactly the effect on the following chord that a program-writer prefers. This method works especially well with scales that leave out the 3rd as a program-writer may make subsequent notes feel major, minor, suspended, etc. A fourth example transpose beam scheme is to link two triggers to the transpose beam and make a seven or eight note sequence in parallel 5ths. This is a preferred alternative against a scale with no thirds.
It should also be noted that it is possible to transpose to a separate range on the synthesizer itself, for example 2 octaves up, where there may have been installed an entirely different set of sounds for that range, thereby changing the color or colors of the program entirely, at least until a subsequent transposition brings it back down. In such a transposition scheme, the program is using the same notes, but now they may be played by violins instead of flugelhorns, and in any desired key as it is also possible to program the synthesizer in a way that it plays chosen intervals (for example, in 5ths).
Any one or all of the above effects and transpose schemes can be accomplished by controlling which notes are transposed and how the synthesizer's receive channels are programmed. There is an interesting, albeit limited, amount of control available to a program-writer over these attributes, but it involves programming the controller and the synthesizer to accomplish all of them. A preferred software-based embodiment of the present invention makes it simple to do this and much more. In such an embodiment a program-writer can simply choose a root note and chord type, etc., from a menu. Such a software system can create a better controller than the Alternate Modes DrumKAT, for example, with the ability to link as many notes or sequences as desired, to add loops onto the end of other loops, to transpose by chord signature instead of just moving the same note stream up or down in increments, and other such functions. Most importantly, by implementing the controller as a software-based system, the features and functions of the controller can be easily upgraded as the world changes or as a performer's or program-writer's needs change.
Ways to Play Music Instrument
A performer would usually prefer to play the instant music instrument in the following manners, as relates to playing the above-described seven beam instrument with reference to the beam numbers and descriptions detailed elsewhere herein.
Normally, the running beam is triggered first to turn the motif sound on, but at times a performer may elect to “introduce” the running-beam motif with, for example, some single notes or strums played by multiple triggers of selected melody beams. A performer will usually wish to “test” all the beams for a while to get familiar with the arrangements of notes and effects on the various beams. For this purpose a “shortcut” might be to hold one's hand in each melody beam steadily (thus playing continuous notes) until the performer knows what kinds of notes and/or effects are contained in a beam. In this manner, a performer may identify, for the program selected, which beam or beams are running beams, which are melody beams and which are transpose beams, etc. If all or a set of available programs have a particular pattern of using the same beam for a running beam and transpose beam, it will help a performer.
Even a novice performer can quickly learn to start the running beam early, keep it running, and avoid the transpose beam until/unless desired. Usually, a performer will obtain favorable results by “triggering” melody beams quickly rather than blocking such beams for multiple-note effects. Often, one or more melody beams will then play single notes at the will of the performer; and one or more other melody beams may play trills or runs of a few notes each when triggered a single time. The performer, by determining the timing of the interruption of various melody beams, will quickly be able to play the kind of composition desired (e.g., fast notes, slow notes, syncopation, rhythms, etc.).
The performer has many other options to modify/enliven the creation of the real-time composition. For example, the performer may choose to break two or more beams at a time to create a harmony of notes; or the performer may choose to transpose regularly (by breaking the transpose beam) to enjoy different sets of notes, octaves, instrument effects, etc., depending upon the transposition schemes made available by a program-writer.
In terms of body performance, the music instrument of the present invention permits each performer to use as much or as little body movement to interrupt various beams as desired by the performer. For example, the performer may wish to use only slight movements of not much more than each forefinger to interrupt transpose beams. Or the performer may use exaggerated movements of body, arms, and legs in the interruption of beams. Thus not only is the real-time composition a unique expression of the performer, but so is also the style of presentation of the performer.
Even multiple performers playing on the same instrument at the same time, such as two children, will provide, for each program, unique real-time performances. The music instrument system of the present invention may also be equipped with abilities to record real-time performances to capture them for playback. Since the quality of the performances will tend to vary, sometimes unpredictably, it is preferred to have a “re-looping” type of recording so that, when a performer or observer senses that a “savable” performance has been going on, the preceding set number of minutes of music played, beams triggered/interrupted and the timing related thereto, or other events, may be saved to a more permanent memory device.
For playing of fast runs or trills, even when these have not been set up to be played by interrupting a beam once, the performer may, by quickly moving spread fingers through a single-note-at-a-time melody beam, create a pleasing run/trill. It has been found that an interesting program-writer technique may be captured for this instrument by writing, say, a succession of upwardly moving notes on a melody beam and also using those same notes, but in reverse order, on another beam to produce a pleasing succession of downwardly moving notes. In that way, a performer is set up by the program-writer to manufacture a pleasing “run” using spread fingers.
Presently Preferred Hardware Environment Overview
Presently, a preferred hardware-based system configuration consists of an Alternate Mode DrumKAT (DrumKAT) MIDI controller and an Alesis QSR (QSR) MIDI sound module. In the most basic terms, a DrumKAT MIDI controller translates trigger pulses from the beams themselves into MIDI events which are sent to a QSR MIDI sound module. When a QSR MIDI sound module receives a MIDI note from a DrumKAT MIDI controller, the QSR MIDI sound module can either play the note against one of its internal synthesizer voices or play the note from a limited number of custom-made audio samples from an external Flash-RAM card.
In their standard form, current DrumKAT MIDI controllers only provide most of the preferred requirements of the present invention. To accommodate all of these requirements, modifications to the DrumKAT MIDI controller's processor chip or operating system is necessary. Current QSR MIDI sound modules provide all of the preferred requirements of the present invention, although its sample playback capabilities are both complex and extremely limited.
Presently Preferred Software Environment Overview
The goal of a software-based embodiment is to provide the functions of a DrumKAT MIDI controller and a QSR MIDI sound module in an integrated software system, preferably developed for the Microsoft Windows platform. This goal is currently being realized by utilizing features provided by Microsoft's DirectMusic Application Programmer's Interface (API), a sub-set of Microsoft's Direct-X API set. Incorporated herein by reference in their entirety are printouts describing DirectMusic and the functions available therefrom, which have been obtained from www.msdn.microsoft.com. Additional information about Microsoft's DirectX API, Microsoft's DirectMusic API, and the related Direct Music Producer can be found on the World Wide Web at www.msdn.microsoft.com. The primary purpose of the DirectMusic architecture is to provide real-time control of programmed audio content for interactive games and other multimedia software applications. Microsoft's DirectMusic Producer software provides a development system for designing and producing DirectMusic content. Currently, all DirectMusic content is preferably played (processed) by a Windows based execution shell that serves as the primary user interface.
Real-time playback control of the DirectMusic content in a software-based embodiment of the present invention is accomplished by a custom designed execution shell that serves as an interactive interface between each beam or trigger and the DirectMusic content that has been developed for that beam. Interactive input control of this shell program is preferably provided by a proprietary Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface to the beam pulse circuitry. Information on USB, including technical specifications, can be found on the World Wide Web at www.USB.org.
Most of the software requirements can be accomplished using standard functions within DirectMusic Producer itself. Those functions which are not directly supported by DirectMusic and DirectMusic Producer can be implemented through script programming capabilities within DirectMusic Producer. Where appropriate, certain functions can also be programmed into the custom designed execution shell.
In Table 3, functions are identified with these designations:
Unlike some previously described software-based embodiments, a software-based embodiment utilizing DirectMusic Producer can allow for more versatility than a hardware-based embodiment, and may therefore be more desirable in some applications. By way of example, without intending to limit the present invention, a software-based embodiment can allow entirely new sounds to be associated with one or more beams based on a single user command, in addition to simple sound transpositions. Thus, for example, a software-based embodiment can allow a performer to switch from a set of sounds, or sound scene, designed to play music to a sound scene for playing nature sounds simply by breaking a transpose beam, breaking the transpose beam or another beam for an extended period of time, pressing a foot switch, or the like. In addition, a software-based embodiment typically allows more sounds to be played simultaneously and can operate on more simultaneous trigger signals, as many as one hundred in a preferred embodiment, compared to the sixteen channels supported by traditional MIDI.
Through the above-described invention, a user can easily play music which is not disharmonious and exercise increasing control over the generation thereof. Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of this invention includes such modifications as diverse shapes, sizes, and materials. Further, many other advantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions, including the drawings, specification, appendix, and all other contents of this patent application and the related provisional patent application.
The present invention is related to and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/312,843, filed Aug. 16, 2001, entitled “Music Instrument System and Method”, and the teachings thereof are incorporated herein by reference.
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| 60312843 | Aug 2001 | US |
