Claims
- 1. A method for synthesizing a nanoparticle composite, the method comprising:
(a) providing a nanoparticle template; and (b) forming a shell on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing a monomer on the nanoparticle template to form a nanoparticle composite defined by the shell and the nanoparticle template.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic, an organic polymer, and combinations thereof.
- 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of chromium, rubidium, iron, zinc, selenium, nickel, gold, silver, copper, platinum and combinations thereof.
- 4. The method of claim 2, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide, and tin oxide.
- 5. The method of claim 2, wherein said organic polymer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, poly(pyrrole), poly(N-methylpyrrole), poly(ethyleneglycol) and combinations thereof.
- 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a sphere, a rod, a wire or combination thereof.
- 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 1,000 nanometers.
- 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 5 nanometers to about 200 nanometers.
- 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers.
- 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer comprises an organic monomer, a ceramic or combinations thereof.
- 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said organic monomer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of styrene, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, ethyleneglycol and combinations thereof.
- 12. The method of claim 10, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide and tin oxide.
- 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
(a) providing a plurality of nanoparticles; and (b) permitting the polymerization of the monomer to proceed for time sufficient to form a strand of nanoparticle composites from the plurality of nanoparticle templates.
- 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling shell thickness by monitoring time of polymerization of the monomer.
- 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming an additional layer on the nanoparticle composite by polymerizing an additional monomer on the nanoparticle composite.
- 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a porous solid support for polymerization, wherein the nanoparticle template is trapped in a pore of the solid support and the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in the pore.
- 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in a solution.
- 18. A product produced by the process of claim 1.
- 19. A method for synthesizing a hollow nanocapsule, the method comprising:
(a) providing a nanoparticle template; (b) forming a shell on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing a monomer on the nanoparticle template; and (c) dissolving the nanoparticle template to form a hollow nanocapsule defined by the shell.
- 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic, an organic polymer, and combinations thereof.
- 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of chromium, rubidium, iron, zinc, selenium, nickel, gold, silver, copper, platinum and combinations thereof.
- 22. The method of claim 20, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide and tin oxide.
- 23. The method of claim 20, wherein said organic polymer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, poly(pyrrole), poly(N-methylpyrrole), poly(ethyleneglycol) and combinations thereof.
- 24. The method of claim 24, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 1,000 nanometers and wherein the nanoparticle capsule has an internal diameter ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 1,000 nanometers after the dissolving of the nanoparticle template.
- 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 5 nanometers to about 200 nanometers and wherein the nanoparticle capsule has an internal diameter ranging from about 5 nanometers to about 200 nanometers after the dissolving of the nanoparticle template.
- 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers and wherein the nanoparticle capsule has an internal diameter ranging from about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers after the dissolving of the nanoparticle template.
- 27. The method of claim 19, wherein the monomer comprises an organic monomer, a ceramic or combinations thereof.
- 28. The method of claim 27, wherein said organic monomer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of styrene, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, ethyleneglycol and combinations thereof.
- 29. The method of claim 27, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide and tin oxide.
- 30. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
(a) providing a plurality of nanoparticles; (b) allowing the polymerization of the monomer to proceed for time sufficient to form a strand of nanoparticle composites from the plurality of nanoparticle templates; and (c) dissolving the nanoparticle templates to thereby form a strand of hollow nanocapsules.
- 31. The method of claim 19, further comprising controlling shell thickness by monitoring time of polymerization of the monomer.
- 32. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
(a) forming an additional layer on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing an additional monomer on the nanoparticle template; and (b) dissolving the nanoparticle template to thereby form a hollow nanocapsule having a shell comprising at least two layers.
- 33. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing a porous solid support for polymerization, wherein the nanoparticle template is trapped in a pore of the solid support and the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in the pore.
- 34. The method of claim 19, wherein the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in a solution.
- 35. A product produced by the process of claim 19.
- 36. A method for encapsulating a guest molecule in a nanoparticle, the method comprising:
(a) providing a nanoparticle template carrying a guest molecule; and (b) forming a shell on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing a monomer on the nanoparticle template to thereby encapsulate the guest molecule.
- 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic, an organic polymer, and combinations thereof.
- 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of chromium, rubidium, iron, zinc, selenium, nickel, gold, silver, copper, platinum and combinations thereof.
- 39. The method of claim 37, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide, and tin oxide.
- 40. The method of claim 37, wherein said organic polymer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, poly(pyrrole), poly(N-methylpyrrole), poly(ethyleneglycol) and combinations thereof.
- 41. The method of claim 36, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a sphere, a rod, a wire or combination thereof.
- 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 1,000 nanometers.
- 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 5 nanometers to about 200 nanometers.
- 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers.
- 45. The method of claim 36, wherein said guest molecule is a biologically active agent.
- 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the active agent comprises a therapeutic agent or an imaging agent.
- 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an immunogenic peptide or protein, a chemotherapeutic agent, a toxin, a radiotherapeutic agent, a radiosensitizing agent and combinations thereof.
- 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the imaging agent is selected from the group consisting of paramagnetic, radioactive and fluorogenic chemical species.
- 49. The method of claim 36, wherein the monomer comprises an organic monomer, a ceramic or combinations thereof.
- 50. The method of claim 49, wherein said organic monomer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of styrene, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, ethyleneglycol and combinations thereof.
- 51. The method of claim 49, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide and tin oxide.
- 52. The method of claim 36, further comprising dissolving the nanoparticle template to thereby form a nanocapsule defined by the shell, whereby the guest material resides in the nanocapsule.
- 53. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
(a) providing a plurality of nanoparticles; and (b) allowing the polymerization of the monomer to proceed for time sufficient to form a strand of nanoparticle composites comprising encapsulated guest molecules from the plurality of nanoparticle templates.
- 54. The method of claim 36, further comprising controlling shell thickness by monitoring time of polymerization of the monomer.
- 55. The method of claim 36, further comprising forming an additional layer on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing an additional monomer on the nanoparticle template.
- 56. The method of claim 36, further comprising providing a porous solid support for polymerization, wherein the nanoparticle template is trapped in a pore of the solid support and the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in the pore.
- 57. The method of claim 36, wherein the monomer polymerizes on the nanoparticle template in a solution.
- 58. A product produced by the process of claim 36.
- 59. A composition of matter comprising:
(a) a nanoparticle template; and (b) a shell formed on the nanoparticle template by polymerizing a monomer on the nanoparticle template.
- 60. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic, an organic polymer, and combinations thereof.
- 61. The composition of matter of claim 60, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of chromium, rubidium, iron, zinc, selenium, nickel, gold, silver, copper, platinum and combinations thereof.
- 62. The composition of matter of claim 60, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide, and tin oxide.
- 63. The composition of matter of claim 60, wherein said organic polymer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, poly(pyrrole), poly(N-methylpyrrole), poly(ethyleneglycol) and combinations thereof.
- 64. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the nanoparticle template comprises a sphere, a rod, a wire or combination thereof.
- 65. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 1,000 nanometers.
- 66. The composition of matter of claim 65, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 5 nanometers to about 200 nanometers.
- 67. The composition of matter of claim 66, wherein the nanoparticle template is a sphere having a diameter ranging from about 10 nanometers to about 50 nanometers.
- 68. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the monomer comprises an organic monomer, a ceramic or combinations thereof.
- 69. The composition of matter of claim 68, wherein said organic monomer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of styrene, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, ethyleneglycol and combinations thereof.
- 70. The composition of matter of claim 69, wherein said ceramic comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ruthenium oxide and tin oxide.
- 71. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the nanoparticle template is dissolved to thereby form a nanocapsule defined by the shell.
- 72. The composition of matter of claim 59, further comprising a guest molecule, wherein the nanoparticle template carries the guest molecule and the guest molecule is encapsulated by the shell.
- 73. The composition of matter of claim 72, wherein said guest molecule is a biologically active agent.
- 74. The composition of matter of claim 73, wherein the active agent comprises a therapeutic agent or an imaging agent.
- 75. The composition of matter of claim 74, wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an immunogenic peptide or protein, a chemotherapeutic agent, a toxin, a radiotherapeutic agent, a radiosensitizing agent and combinations thereof.
- 76. The composition of matter of claim 74, wherein the imaging agent is selected from the group consisting of paramagnetic, radioactive and fluorogenic chemical species.
- 77. The composition of matter of claim 72, wherein the nanoparticle template is dissolved to thereby form a nanocapsule defined by the shell and wherein the guest material resides in the nanocapsule.
- 78. The composition of matter of claim 59, further comprising a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the polymerization of the monomer is allowed to proceed for time sufficient to form a composition of matter strand comprising the plurality of nanoparticle templates.
- 79. The composition of matter of claim 59, wherein the shell has a thickness determined by a time of polymerization of the monomer.
- 80. The composition of matter of claim 59, further comprising an additional layer on the nanoparticle template, the additional layer formed by polymerizing an additional monomer on the nanoparticle template.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is based on and claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application serial No. 60/171,013, filed Dec. 15, 1999, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Provisional Applications (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60171013 |
Dec 1999 |
US |