Naphthalene compounds

The present invention relates to new compounds having a naphthalene structure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Patent Specifications EP 447 285, EP 530 087 and EP 562 956 describe naphthylalkyl-amide, naphthylalkylurea and naphthylalkylthiourea compounds having valuable pharmacological properties by virtue of their affinity for melatonin receptors and their agonist or antagonist character. All those compounds are characterised by the presence of a single substituent on the ring structure carrying the alkylamide or alkylurea chain. Application WO 9706140 describes closely related melatoninergic ligands that are acylated on the main ring structure carrying the alkylamide chain.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many studies in the last ten years have shown the key role of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) in many physiopathological phenomena and in the control of circadian rhythm. Its half-life is, however, quite short owing to its being rapidly metabolised. It is thus very valuable to be able to provide the clinician with melatonin analogues that are metabolically more stable, that have an agonist or antagonist character and which may be expected to have a therapeutic action that is superior to that of the hormone itself.
In addition to their beneficial action on circadian rhythm disorders (J. Neurosurg. 1985, 63, pp. 321-341) and sleep disorders (Psychopharmacology, 1990, 100, pp. 222-226), ligands of the melatoninergic system have valuable pharmacological properties in respect of the central nervous system, especially anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties (Neuropharmacology of Pineal Secretions, 1990, 8 (3-4), pp. 264-272) and analgesic properties (Pharmacopsychiat., 1987, 20, pp. 222-223), and also for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (J. Neurosurg. 1985, 63, pp. 321-341) and Alzheimer's disease (Brain Research, 1990, 528, pp. 170-174). Those compounds have also shown activity on certain cancers (Melatonin--Clinical Perspectives, Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 164-165) ovulation (Science 1987, 227, pp. 714-720), diabetes (Clinical Endocrinology, 1986, 24 pp. 359-364), and in the treatment of obesity (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1996, 20 (4), pp. 443-446).
Those various effects take place via the intermediary of specific melatonin receptors. Molecular biology studies have shown the existence of a number of receptor sub-types that can bind that hormone (Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 1995, 16, p. 50; WO 97.04094). It has been possible to locate some of those receptors and to characterise them for different species, including mammals. In order to be able to understand the physiological functions of those receptors better, it is very useful to have available specific ligands. Moreover, by interacting selectively with one or other of those receptors, such compounds can be excellent medicaments for the clinician in the treatment of pathologies associated with the melatoninergic system, some of which have been mentioned above.
The compounds of the present invention have a novel structure that is characterised by a naphthylalkyl-amide, -thioamide, -urea or -thiourea ring structure that is partially hydrogenated or unhydrogenated and has two substituents on the main ring structure. Surprisingly, that structure imparts to the compounds very great affinity for melatonin receptors and selectivity for one or other of the receptor sub-types.
DETAILLED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) ##STR3## wherein: the A and B rings together form a naphthalene, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, 2,3-dihydronaphthalene, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene or tetrahydronaphthalene group,
T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain optionally substituted by one or more linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, hydroxy, linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy, carboxy and/or linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxycarbonyl groups,
R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a radical R' or a group OR', R' representing an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.4 -C.sub.7)cycloalkenyl, linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group, or R forms, with two adjacent carbon atoms of the A ring, a 5- to 7-membered ring that is saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated and contains an oxygen atom, that ring being optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy, carboxy, linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxycarbonyl group, hydroxy and oxo,
G.sub.1 represents a halogen atom (and in that case is bonded to any of the junctions of the B ring), a linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy, carboxy, formyl or cyano group, a radical R.sub.1 or a group --O--CO--R.sub.1, R.sub.1 representing an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group,
G.sub.2 represents a group selected from: ##STR4## wherein: X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group,
R.sub.21 represents an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted biphenyl group,
with the proviso that:
when G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.22, then G.sub.1 represents a linear or branched trihalo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group different from pyridyl, a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group substituted by an optionally substituted heteroaryl group different from pyridyl, or a group O--CO--R.sub.1, with R.sub.1 being as defined hereinbefore,
when G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.20 or G.sub.21, and G.sub.1, which is other than an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, is bonded to any of the junctions of the A ring whilst R represents a hydrogen atom, or is bonded to any of the junctions of the B ring, then T represents an optionally substituted methylene or ethylene chain,
when A and B together form a naphthalene group, R being other than a group OR' wherein R' is a linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl or linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl group, and G.sub.1 is bonded to any of the junctions of the B ring, then G.sub.1 is other than an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl or optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl group and other than a group --O--CO--R.sub.1, R.sub.1 being as defined hereinbefore,
when R represents a group OR', R' being as defined hereinbefore, then G.sub.1, if it is bonded to any of the junctions of the A ring, is other than a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms hydroxy or linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy groups, and other than linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl or linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl group,
when A and B together form a tetrahydronaphthalene group, G.sub.1 is bonded in the 3- and 4-position of that ring structure,
when G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.20 or G.sub.21, A and B together form a naphthalene group or a tetrahydronaphtalene group and R represents a hydrogen atom, then G.sub.1, if it is bonded to any of the junctions of the A ring, is other than a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms or hydroxy or linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy groups, other than a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group substituted by a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, and other than a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms,
when G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.20 in which X is an oxygen atom and R.sub.21 represents a phenyl group, and A and B together form a 1,2-dihydronaphtalen group, then G.sub.1, if it is bonded in the 2-position of that ring structure, is other than a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group,
when T represents an ethylene group and G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.21 wherein X represents a sulphur atom, then R.sub.21 is other than an optionally substituted aryl group,
the term "aryl" denoting a phenyl or naphthyl group,
the term "heteroaryl" denoting a mono- or bi-cyclic group having from 4 to 11 ring members, being saturated or unsaturated and containing from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur,
it being understood that:
the term "optionally substituted" applied to the terms "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl", "cycloalkyl" and "cycloalkenyl" means that those groups are substituted by one or more halogen atoms, and/or (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, hydroxy, linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,
the term "optionally substituted" applied to the terms "aryl", "biphenyl" and "heteroaryl" means that those groups are substituted by one or more halogen atoms, and/or linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, hydroxy, linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxy and/or nitro groups and/or amino groups (optionally substituted by one or two identical or different linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl groups) and/or cyano, carboxy and/or linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylcarbonyl groups and/or aminocarbonyl groups (optionally substituted by one or two identical or different linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl groups),
their enantiomers, diastereoisomers, and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
Compounds of formula (1) having one or more asymmetrical carbon atoms that are obtained in the form of a mixture can be subjected to separation according to conventionally used techniques, and the resulting enantiomers and/or diastereoisomers form part of the invention in the same way as the compounds of formula (I).
Amongst the pharmaceutically acceptable acids there may be mentioned by way of non-limiting example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, methanesulphonic acid, camphoric acid, oxalic acid, etc.
Amongst the pharmaceutically acceptable bases there may be mentioned by way of non-limiting example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethylamine, tert-butylamine, etc.
The present invention relates advantageously to compounds of formula (I) wherein:
the A and B rings together form a naphthalene group,
T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain,
R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a radical R' or a group OR', R' representing an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.4 -C.sub.7)cycloalkenyl, linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group,
G.sub.1, which is bonded to any of the junctions of the B ring, represents a halogen atom or a linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy, carboxy, formyl, cyano, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted biphenyl group,
G.sub.2 represents a group selected from: ##STR5## wherein: X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group,
R.sub.21 represents an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted biphenyl group.
A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein:
the A and B rings together form a tetrahydronaphthalene group,
T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain,
R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a radical R' or a group OR', R' representing an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.4 -C.sub.7)cycloalkenyl, linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group,
G.sub.1, which is bonded in the 3- or 4-position of the B ring, represents a halogen atom or a linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy, carboxy, formyl, cyano, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group,
G.sub.2 represents a group selected from: ##STR6## wherein: X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group,
R.sub.21, represents an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted biphenyl group.
A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein:
the A and B rings together form a naphthalene group,
T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain,
R represents a hydrogen atom,
G.sub.1, which is bonded to any of the positions of the A ring, represents a linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy, carboxy, formyl, cyano, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted biphenyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group,
G.sub.2 represents a group selected from: ##STR7## wherein: X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group,
R.sub.2 represents an optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, optionally substituted linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl, optionally substituted (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted biphenyl group.
The preferred compounds of the invention are those wherein T represents an alkylene chain having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
In the compounds of the invention, the group R is preferably attached in the 7-position of the bicyclic ring structure.
In the compounds of the invention, preferably the group G.sub.1 is attached in the 3-position of the bicyclic ring structure or in the 7-position of that same ring structure.
The preferred G.sub.1 groups of the invention are optionally substituted aryl (for example phenyl) groups and optionally substituted heteroaryl (for example furyl, thienyl, pyridyl) groups.
In the compounds of the invention, especially R represents a group R' or OR', wherein R' represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group (for example a methyl group) or a linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl group.
The preferred G.sub.2 groups of the invention are those wherein X represents an oxygen atom, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom and R.sub.21 represents a group selected from linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl and (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl. Preferably G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.20 or G.sub.22.
More preferably, the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein A and B together form a naphthalene group, T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain, R, which is attached in the 7-position of the bicyclic ring structure, represents a group R' or OR', R' being a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl group, G.sub.1, which is attached in the 3-position of the bicyclic ring structure, represents a halogen atom or a linear or branched trihalo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylsulphonyloxy, carboxy, formyl, cyano, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and G.sub.2 represents a group G.sub.20 or G.sub.22 wherein X represents an oxygen atom, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.21 represents a group selected from linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl and (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl.
A further highly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein A and B together form a tetrahydronaphthalene group, T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain, R, which is attached in the 7-position of the bicyclic ring structure, represents a group R' or OR', R' being a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl group, G.sub.1, which is attached in the 3-position of the bicyclic ring structure, represents an optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and G.sub.2 represents a group selected from G.sub.20 and G.sub.22 wherein X represents an oxygen atom, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.21 represents a group selected from linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl and (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl.
A further highly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein A and B together form a naphtalene group, T represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene chain, R represents a hydrogen atom, G.sub.1, which is attached in the 7-position of the bicyclic ring structure, represents an optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl group, and G.sub.2 represents a group selected from G.sub.20 and G.sub.22 wherein X represents an oxygen atom, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.21 represents a group selected from linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl and (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)-cycloalkyl.
Amongst the preferred compounds of the invention there may be mentioned most especially the following compounds:
N-[2-(7-methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-{2-[3-(2-furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
N-{2-[7-methoxy-3-(4-pyridyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
N-{2-[7-methoxy-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
N-{2-[7-methoxy-3-(3-aminophenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
N-[2-(7-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-{2-[7-(4-methylphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
N-[2-(7-methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-{2-[7-methoxy-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide.
The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I), characterised in that there is used as starting material a compound of formula (II/a) ##STR8## wherein T, A, B, R and G.sub.1 are as defined for formula (I) and G.sub.3 represents a group --COOH or --NH--R.sub.2, R.sub.2 being as defined for formula (I),
which, when G.sub.3 represents a group --NH--R.sub.2, is reacted with
a) an acyl chloride of formula (III): ##STR9## wherein R.sub.21 is as defined for formula (I), or with a corresponding acid anhydride (mixed or symmetrical),
to yield a compound of formula (I/a): ##STR10## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.21 and G.sub.1 are as defined for formula (I),
which compound of formula (I/a) can be subjected to a thionisation agent, for example Lawesson's reagent, to obtain a compound of formula (I/b): ##STR11## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.21 and G.sub.1 are as defined hereinbefore,
b) an iso(thio)cyanate of formula (IV):
X.dbd.C.dbd.N--R.sub.21 (IV)
wherein X and R.sub.21 are as defined for formula (I),
to yield a compound of formula (I/c): ##STR12## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.21, X and G.sub.1 are as defined hereinbefore,
or,
when G.sub.1 represents a carboxy group, is reacted with a compound of formula (V): ##STR13## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.21 are as defined for formula (I), to yield a compound of formula (I/d): ##STR14## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.21 and G.sub.1 are as defined hereinbefore,
which compound (I/d) can be subjected to a thionisation agent, for example Lawesson's reagent, to obtain a compound of formula (I/e): ##STR15## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.21 and G.sub.1 are as defined hereinbefore,
which compounds (I/a), (I/b), (I/c), (I/d) and (I/e), constituting the totality of the compounds of formula (I),
can be purified, if necessary, according to a conventional purification technique,
are separated, where appropriate, into their isomers according to a conventional separation technique,
are converted, if desired, into addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I), characterised in that there is used as starting material a compound of formula (II/b): ##STR16## wherein T, A, B, R and G.sub.2 are as defined for formula (I), which is subjected to a halogenation reaction when, in the desired compound of formula (I), G.sub.1 represents a halogen atom, or
which is subjected to an acylation reaction using as reagent an acyl chloride Cl--CO--R.sub.1, R.sub.1 being as defined for formula (I), to yield a compound of formula (II/c) ##STR17## wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined for formula (I), which can be subjected to a Baeyer-Villiger reaction to yield a compound of formula (I/g): ##STR18## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore,
which, by a hydrolysis reaction, yields a compound of formula (VI) ##STR19## wherein T, A, B, R and G.sub.2 are as defined for formula (I), the hydroxyl function of which compound of formula (VI) is converted to trifluoromethanesulphonate, using, for example, phenyl bis(trifluoromethanesulphonimide) in a basic medium, to yield a compound of formula (VII): ##STR20## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R and G.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore,
which can be converted, via the intermediary of a reaction catalysed by a suitable palladium(0) compound using as reagent a boric acid compound (R.sub.1 B(OH).sub.2) or a tin compound (R.sub.1 SnBu.sub.3), with R.sub.1 being as defined for formula (I), to a compound of formula (I/h): ##STR21## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R, R.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore,
which compounds of formulae (I/g), (I/h) and (VII),
are purified, if necessary, according to a conventional purification technique,
separated, where appropriate, into their isomers according to a conventional separation technique, and
converted, if desired, into addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base,
which compounds of formulae (I/g) and (I/h), when R represents an O--Alk group (--Alk representing a linear or branched (C.sub.1 C.sub.6)alkyl group), can, when that is compatible with the substituents present on the molecule, be treated with boron tribromide to yield a hydroxylated compound corresponding to formula (VIII): ##STR22## wherein T, A, B, G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined for formula (I), the hydroxyl function of which compound (VIII) can be:
converted to trifluoromethanesulphonate to yield a compound of formula (IX): ##STR23## which is a particular case of the compound of formula (I), wherein T, A, B, G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore,
which, via the intermediary of a reaction catalysed by a palladium(0) compound using as reagent a boric acid compound (R'B(OH).sub.2) or a tin compound (R'SnBu.sub.3) wherein R' is as defined for formula (I), makes it possible to obtain a compound of formula (I/i): ##STR24## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R', G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined for formula (I),
or is subjected to an O-substitution reaction, in a basic medium, using the appropriate halogenated compound as reagent, to yield a compound of formula (I/j): ##STR25## which is a particular case of the compounds of formula (I) wherein T, A, B, R', G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are as defined hereinbefore,
which compounds of formulae (IX), (I/i) and (I/j):
are purified, if necessary, according to a conventional purification technique,
separated, where appropriate, into their isomers according to a conventional separation technique, and converted, if desired, into addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base.
A G.sub.1 group as defined for formula (I) can be converted, when that is useful for the purpose of simplifying the above process, to a different group represented in the description of G.sub.1 for formula (I), using conventional reactions of organic chemistry.
The compounds of formulae (I/a) to (I/j) and (II) to (IX) as described in the above process, in which the A and B rings together form a naphthalene group, can be subjected to a reduction reaction, when that is compatible with the substituents present on the molecule, to yield compounds of formula (I) wherein the A and B rings together form a group selected from dihydronaphthalene and tetrahydronaphthalene.
Inversely, aromatisation of the compounds of formulae (I/a) to (I/j) and (II) to (IX) as defined hereinbefore, wherein the A and B rings together form a dihydronaphthalene or tetrahydronaphthalene group, when that is compatible with the substituents present on the molecule, yields naphthalene analogues of formula (I).
The starting materials used in the process described hereinbefore are either commercial or are readily available to the person skilled in the art according to processes well known in the literature.
The compounds of the invention and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them have proved useful in the treatment of disorders of the melatoninergic system.
The pharmacological study of the compounds of the invention has in fact demonstrated that they are atoxic, have a very high selective affinity for melatonin receptors and have substantial activity on the central nervous system and, in particular, therapeutic properties on sleep disorders, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and analgesic properties and properties in respect of microcirculation have been found, enabling it to be established that the compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, seasonal affective disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, insomnia and fatigue due to jetlag, schizophrenia, panic attacks, melancholia, appetite disorders, obesity, insomnia, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, various disorders associated with normal or pathological ageing, migraine, memory losses, Alzheimer's disease, and in cerebral circulation disorders. In another field of activity, the compounds of the invention appear to have ovulation-inhibiting and immunomodulating properties and they appear to be able to be used in the treatment of cancers.
The compounds will preferably be used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders, sleep disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, insomnia and fatigue due to jetlag, appetite disorders and obesity.
For example, the compounds will be used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders and sleep disorders.
The present invention relates also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) on its own or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Amongst the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention there may be mentioned more especially those that are suitable for oral, parenteral, nasal, per- or trans-cutaneous, rectal, perlingual, ocular or respiratory administration, especially tablets or dragees, sublingual tablets, sachets, paquets, gelatin capsules, glossettes, lozenges, suppositories, creams, ointments, dermal gels and drinkable or injectable ampoules.
The dosage varies according to the sex, age and weight of the pateint, the route of administration, the nature of the therapeutic indication or associated treatments, and ranges from 0.01 mg to 1 g per 24 hours in 1 or more administrations.
The following Examples illustrate the invention, but do not limit it in any way. The structures of the compounds described have been confirmed by customary spectroscopic techniques.

EXAMPLE 1
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Step a: N-[2-(3-Acetyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
0.45 mol (60 g) of aluminium chloride are added at 0.degree. C. to a solution of 0.16 mol (40 g) of N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide (described in Patent EP 447 285) in 350 ml of dichloromethane. 0.21 mol (15.3 ml) of acetyl chloride is then added dropwise at 0.degree. C. The reaction medium is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then poured onto ice. The organic phase is decanted and concentrated to yield the expected compound.
Step b: N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide.
0.32 mol (54 g) of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid is added to a suspension of 0.16 mol (46 g) of the compound described in the preceding Step in 1.4 litres of dichloromethane. The reaction medium is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The mixture is then washed with water, and the excess acid is extracted with a molar solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic phase is decanted, dried and concentrated. The resulting residue is dissolved in 400 ml of ethanol, and then 500 ml of an aqueous 1 M sodium hydroxide solution are added. After stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, the ethanol is removed by evaporation and the aqueous phase is extracted with 500 ml of dichloromethane. The aqueous phase is then acidified to pH=1, and subsequently extracted with 800 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic phase is concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, using a dichloromethane/methanol mixture, 95/5, as eluant, to yield the expected product.
Step c: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
60 ml of triethylamine are added to a solution of 0.07 mol (18.15 g) of the compound described in the preceding Step in 1 litre of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture is refluxed until solubilisation, and then 0.1 mol (35.8 g) of phenyl bis(trifluoromethanesulphonimide) and 0.75 mol (10.5 g) of potassium carbonate are added. After 4 hours' refluxing, the mixture is washed with 1 litre of 1M sodium hydrogen carbonate and then with 1 litre of 1M hydrochloric acid. The organic phase is dried, concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, using ethyl acetate as eluant, to yield the title product.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N S______________________________________% Calc. 49.10 4.12 3.58 8.19 % Found 48.72 4.05 3.60 8.30______________________________________
EXAMPLE 2
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
0.1 mol (13.3 g) of phenylboric acid, 1.8 g of palladium(0) tetrakistriphenylphosphine and 5.5 g of lithium chloride are added under an inert atmosphere to a solution of 0.067 mol (24.5 g) of the compound described in Example 1 in 225 ml of dimethoxyethane. The reaction mixture is stirred for 10 minutes and then 160 ml of a molar solution of sodium carbonate and 110 ml of absolute ethanol are added. The reaction mixture is heated at 90.degree. C. for 4 hours. After cooling, 500 ml of 1M sodium carbonate are added, and the reaction mixture is extracted twice with 500 ml of dichloromethane. The organic phase is dried, concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, using ethyl acetate as eluant, to yield the expected compound.
Melting point: 135.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 3
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide
Step a: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, Steps a and b, starting from N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide described in Patent EP 447 285.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2 starting from the compound described in the preceding Step.
EXAMPLE 4
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-(2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]propionamide described in Patent EP 562 956.
EXAMPLE 5
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide described in Patent EP 447 285.
Example 6
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide described in Patent EP 562 956.
EXAMPLE 7
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide described in Patent EP 447 285.
EXAMPLE 8
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide described in Patent EP 562 956.
______________________________________Melting point: 99.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.86 7.04 4.25 % Found 84.09 7.16 4.53______________________________________
EXAMPLE 9
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide described in Patent EP 447 285.
EXAMPLE 10
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 3 starting from N-[2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide described in Patent EP 562 956.
The compounds of Examples 11 to 27 are obtained according to the process described in Example 2 using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 11
N-{2-[3-(3-Iodophenyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 146.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 56.64 4.53 3.15 % Found 56.79 4.69 3.30______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 162.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 75.62 6.63 4.01 % Found 75.55 6.71 3.94______________________________________
EXAMPLE 13
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 109.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 75.62 6.63 4.01 % Found 75.58 6.76 4.03______________________________________
EXAMPLE 14
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 101.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 75.62 6.63 4.01 % Found 75.62 6.80 4.01______________________________________
EXAMPLE 15
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 104.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 68.21 5.20 3.62 % Found 68.22 5.48 3.62______________________________________
EXAMPLE 16
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 132.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 68.21 5.20 3.62 % Found 68.37 5.30 3.68______________________________________
EXAMPLE 17
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 152.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 68.21 5.20 3.62 % Found 68.23 5.02 3.59______________________________________
EXAMPLE 18
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(1-naphthyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 81.27 6.27 3.71 % Found 81.23 6.43 3.79______________________________________
EXAMPLE 19
N-{2-[4-Methoxy-3-(2-naphthyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 160.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 81.27 6.27 3.79 % Found 80.83 6.12 3.71______________________________________
EXAMPLE 20
N-{2-[(3-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 138.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 73.77 6.19 4.53 % Found 73.72 6.23 4.65______________________________________
EXAMPLE 21
N-{2-[(7-Methoxy-3-(2-thienyl))-1-naphthyl]ethyl]}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 111.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N S______________________________________% Calc. 70.13 5.88 4.30 9.85 % Found 70.05 5.92 4.30 9.73______________________________________
EXAMPLE 22
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3(4-nitrophenyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 23
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 143-144.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 69.22 5.53 7.69 % Found 69.32 5.74 7.25______________________________________
EXAMPLE 24
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 25
N-[2-(3-(4-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 26
N-[2-(3-(3-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
______________________________________Melting point: 209-210.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N Cl______________________________________% Calc. 68.01 6.25 7.55 9.56 % Found 69.19 6.23 7.55 9.45______________________________________
EXAMPLE 27
N-[2-(3-(2-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 28
N-[2-(3-Formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, Step a, replacing acetyl chloride by dichloromethyl methyl ether.
______________________________________Melting point: 143-144.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 70.83 6.32 5.16 % Found 71.11 6.36 5.26______________________________________
The following positional isomers are also isolated during purification:
N-[2-(4-formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-[2-(6-formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
N-[2-(8-formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 29
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-4-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Step a: N-[2-(4-Formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is isolated in the process described in Example 28.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-4-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained using the processes described in Steps b and c of Example 1, starting from the compound obtained in the preceding Step.
EXAMPLE 30
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-4-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound described in Example 29 as starting material.
The compounds of Examples 31 to 33 are obtained according to the process described in Example 30, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 31
N-{2-[4-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 32
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-4-(2-thienyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 33
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 34
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-6-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Step a: N-[2-(6-Formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is isolated in the course of the process described in Example 28.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-6-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained using the processes described in Steps b and c of Example 1, starting from the compound obtained in the preceding Step.
EXAMPLE 35
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-6-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound described in Example 34 as starting material.
The compounds of Examples 36 to 39 are obtained according to the process described in Example 35, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 36
N-{2-[6-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 37
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 38
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-6-(2-phenyl-1-ethenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 39
N-[2-(6-Benzyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 40
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-8-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Step a: N-[2-(8-Formyl-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is isolated in the process described in Example 28.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Methoxy-8-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained using the processes described in Steps b and c of Example 1, starting from the compound obtained in the preceding Step.
EXAMPLE 41
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-8-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound described in Example 40 as starting material.
The compounds of Examples 42 and 43 are obtained according to the process described in Example 41, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 42
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-8-(2-thienyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 43
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-8-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 44
N-[2-(7-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
0.04 mol (4.2 ml) of boron tribromide is added to a solution of 0.02 mol (7 g) of the compound described in Example 2 in 200 ml of dichloromethane at 0.degree. C. After 5 hours' stirring at room temperature, the reaction mixture is hydrolysed with ice-cold water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is dried, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to yield the expected compound.
______________________________________Melting point: 178.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 78.66 6.27 4.58 % Found 78.76 6.27 4.59______________________________________
EXAMPLE 45
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-7-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, starting from the compound described in Example 44.
______________________________________Melting point: 128.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N S______________________________________% Calc. 57.66 4.15 3.20 7.33 % Found 57.84 4.15 3.21 7.48______________________________________
EXAMPLE 46
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, replacing phenylboric acid by formic acid and using the compound described in Example 45 as starting material.
______________________________________Melting point: 137-139.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 82.75 6.54 5.04 % Found 83.01 6.62 4.84______________________________________
EXAMPLE 47
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-7-vinyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 46, replacing formic acid by tributylvinyltin.
______________________________________Melting point: 132.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.78 6.71 4.44 % Found 82.97 6.82 4.45______________________________________
EXAMPLE 48
N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
A solution of 0.02 mol (7 g) of the compound described in Example 47 in 400 ml of ethanol is stirred under hydrogen atmospheric pressure at room temperature in the presence of 100 mg of palladium-on-carbon for 2 hours. After removal of the catalyst by filtration and removal of the solvent by evaporation, the residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel to yield the expected compound.
______________________________________Melting point: 130.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.24 7.30 4.41 % Found 83.08 7.55 4.47______________________________________
EXAMPLE 49
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-7-propyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
0.046 mol (6.3 g) of potassium carbonate is added to a solution of 0.023 mol (7 g) of the compound described in Example 44 in 250 ml of acetone. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 15 minutes, and then 0.046 mol (4.5 ml) of iodopropane is added. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 18 hours. After cooling and filtration, the filtrate is concentrated. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and extracted, and the organic phase is washed with a 20% sodium hydroxide solution, dried and concentrated to yield the expected compound.
The compounds of Examples 50 to 52 are obtained according to the process described in Example 49 using the appropriate halogenated compound.
EXAMPLE 50
N-[2-(7-Butyloxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 51
N-[2-(7-Hexyloxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 52
N-[2-(7-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 53
N-[2-(3-Carboxy-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
A solution of 1.93 mmol (175 mg) of NaClO.sub.2 in 2 ml of H.sub.2 O is added dropwise to a solution of 0.055 mmol (150 mg) of the compound described in Example 28 in 50 ml of acetonitrile and 0.29 mmol (35 mg) of NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 in a mixture of 2 ml of water and 0.2 ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and then hydrolysed with an aqueous 1N hydrochloric acid solution. The resulting precipitate is filtered and dried to yield the title compound.
______________________________________Melting point: 250.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 66.89 5.96 4.88 % Found 66.80 6.01 5.00______________________________________
EXAMPLE 54
N-[2-(3-Iodo-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
A solution is formed by adding 46.25 ml of glacial acetic acid and 1.25 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid to 2.5 ml of water. 2.5 g of N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide (10.31 mmol) are dissolved in 30 ml of that solution. 2.09 g of iodine (8.25 mmol) and 0.91 g of HIO.sub.3 (5.16 mmol) are then added to the reaction mixture, causing a grey precipitate to appear in a solution that has turned red. The reaction mixture is heated for 15 hours at 65.degree. C., 5.14 ml of concentrated hydriodic acid (13.41 mmol) are added and heating is continued for 2 hours. The suspension is then poured into 200 ml of water and the precipitate that forms is filtered off. The precipitate is dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 1M NaHCO.sub.3, the organic phase is then concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel, using a dichloromethane/methanol mixture, 99.5/0.5, as eluant, to yield the title product.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H I N______________________________________% Calc. 48.80 4.37 34.37 3.79 % Found 48.78 4.56 34.44 3.80______________________________________
EXAMPLE 55
N-[2-(7-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Step a: N-[2-(7-Hydroxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 44, using N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide (described in Patent EP 447 285) as starting material.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, using the compound described in the preceding Step as starting material.
Step c: N-[2-(7-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound described in the preceding Step as starting material.
______________________________________Melting point: 123.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.01 6.62 4.84 % Found 82.96 6.64 4.91______________________________________
The compounds of Examples 56 to 61 are obtained according to the process described in Example 55, Step c, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound.
EXAMPLE 56
N-[2-(7-Vinyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 103.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 80.30 7.16 5.85 % Found 80.50 7.32 5.94______________________________________
EXAMPLE 57
N-{2-[7-(2-Furyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 145.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 77.40 6.13 5.01 % Found 78.56 6.35 5.21______________________________________
EXAMPLE 58
N- {2- [7-(2-Thienyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 127.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N S______________________________________% Calc. 73.19 5.80 4.74 10.85 % Found 73.28 5.77 4.82 10.78______________________________________
EXAMPLE 59
N-[2-(7-Benzyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 60
N-{2-[7-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
Melting point: 107-109.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 61
N-{2-[7-(3-Aminophenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 62
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]N'-methylurea
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, using N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea (described in Application EP 530 087) as starting material.
EXAMPLE 63
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound described in Example 62 as starting material.
The compounds of Examples 64 to 66 are obtained according to the process described in Example 63, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 64
N-{2-[3-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 65
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(2-thienyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 66
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 67
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]N'-propylurea
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, using N-[2-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-propylurea (described in Patent EP 530 087) as starting material.
EXAMPLE 68
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-propylurea
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 21, using the compound described in Example 67 as starting material.
EXAMPLE 69
N-Methyl-4-(7-methoxy-3-trifluoromethanesulphonyloxy-1-naphthyl)butanamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 1, using N-methyl-4-(7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)butanamide (described in Application EP 745 584) as starting material.
EXAMPLE 70
N-Methyl-4-[3-(2-furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]butanamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 21, using the compound described in Example 69 as starting material and using tributyl(2-furyl)tin as reagent.
The following compounds can be obtained according to processes similar to those described for Examples 69 and 70.
EXAMPLE 71
N-Propyl-4-[3-(2-furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]butanamide
EXAMPLE 72
N-Methyl-4-[7-methoxy-3-(2-pyridyl)-1-naphthyl]butanamide
The compounds of Examples 73 to 100 are obtained by the reduction, under hydrogen pressure and at a temperature of from 100 to 120.degree. C., of the naphthalene compounds described in the preceding Examples, using a suitable catalyst.
EXAMPLE 73
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
Melting point: 105-107.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 74
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
EXAMPLE 75
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
EXAMPLE 76
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide
EXAMPLE 77
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]butyramide
EXAMPLE 78
N-{2-[3-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 79
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(2-thienyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrabydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 80
N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 81
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 82
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 83
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 84
N-[2-(3-(4-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 85
N-[2-(3-(3-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 86
N-[2-(3-(2-Aminophenyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide hydrochloride
EXAMPLE 87
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 88
N-{2-[4-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 89
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 90
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 91
N-{2-[3-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 92
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-ethyl}-N'-methylurea
EXAMPLE 93
N-Methyl-4-[3-(2-furyl)-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]-butanamide
EXAMPLE 94
N-[2-(7-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected compound is obtained according to the process described in Example 44 starting from the compound described in Example 73.
The compounds of Examples 95 to 99 are obtained according to the process described in Example 49, using the compound described in Example 101 as starting material and using the appropriate halogenated compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 95
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-7-vinyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl)acetamide
EXAMPLE 96
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-7-propyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 97
N-[2-(7-Butyloxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 98
N-[2-(7-Hexyloxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
EXAMPLE 99
N-[2-(7-Cyclopropyloxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The compounds of Examples 100 to 106 are obtained in the same manner as for the compounds of Examples 73 to 93.
EXAMPLE 100
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
EXAMPLE 101
N-{2-[(1R,3R)and(1S,3S)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}cyclobutanecarboxamide
Melting point: 141-142.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 102
N-{2-[(1R,3S)and(1S,3R)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}cyclobutanecarboxamide
Melting point: 110-111.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 103
N-{2-[(1R,3R)and(1S,3S)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide
Melting point: 145.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 104
N-{2-[(1R,3S)and(1S,3R)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide
EXAMPLE 105
N-{2-[(1R,3R)and(1S,3S)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 106
N-{2-[(1R,3S)and(1S,3R)-7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
EXAMPLE 107
N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
Step a: 2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethylamine
10 ml of an aqueous 20% sodium hydroxide solution are added to a solution of 1.6 mmol (0.5 g) of the compound described in Example 48 in 20 ml of ethanol. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 5 hours. After cooling and evaporation, the residue is taken up in a dichloromethane/water mixture and extracted. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to yield the expected compound.
Step b: N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
1.6 mmol (0.42 g) of the compound described in the preceding Step are dissolved in a mixture of 8 ml of dichloromethane and 4 ml of water. With vigorous stirring, 4.1 mmol (0.56 g) of potassium carbonate and 1.81 mmol (0.21 g) of cyclobutanoic acid chloride are added in succession at 0.degree. C. The reaction mixture is stirred vigorously at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane and the organic phases are combined, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated to yield the expected compound.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.99 7.61 3.92 % Found 83.44 7.62 3.99______________________________________
EXAMPLE 108
N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]trifluoroacetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 107, using trifluoroacetic acid chloride instead of cyclobutanoic acid chloride in Step b.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 71.15 5.43 3.77 % Found 71.44 5.67 3.80______________________________________
EXAMPLE 109
N-[2-(7-Ethyl-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-3-butenamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 107, using vinylacetic acid chloride instead of cyclobutanoic acid chloride in Step b.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.93 7.34 4.08 % Found 84.36 7.21 4.22______________________________________
EXAMPLE 110
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]trifluoroacetamide
Step a: 2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethylamine
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 107, Step a, replacing the compound of Example 48 by the compound described in Example 46.
Step b : N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]trifluoroacetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 107, Step b, using the compound described in the preceding Step as starting material and using trifluoroacetic acid chloride instead of cyclobutanoic acid chloride.
______________________________________Melting point: 109-110.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 69.96 4.70 4.08 % Found 69.94 4.81 4.53______________________________________
EXAMPLE 111
N-[2-(3-Phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]-3-butenamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 110, replacing trifluoroacetic acid chloride by vinylacetic acid chloride in Step b.
______________________________________Melting point: 91-92.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 83.78 6.71 4.44 % Found 83.83 6.73 4.71______________________________________
EXAMPLE 112
N-(2-{7-Methoxy-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-naphthyl}ethyl)-2-iodoacetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 107, replacing the compound of Example 48 by the compound of Example 16 in Step a, and replacing cyclobutanoic acid chloride by iodoacetic acid chloride in Step b.
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N I______________________________________% Calc. 51.48 3.73 2.73 24.72 % Found 51.83 3.82 2.79 24.96______________________________________
The compounds of Examples 113 to 115 are obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound as reagent.
EXAMPLE 113
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(4-pyridyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide hydrochloride
______________________________________Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 67.32 5.93 7.85 % Found 67.27 5.96 7.64______________________________________
EXAMPLE 114
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-pyridyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 111-113.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 74.98 6.29 8.74 % Found 75.05 6.59 8.75______________________________________
EXAMPLE 115
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(2-pyridyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
______________________________________Melting point: 150-152.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 74.98 6.29 8.74 % Found 75.05 6.55 8.81______________________________________
EXAMPLE 116
N-[2-(3-Cyano-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, replacing phenylboric acid by potassium cyanide.
______________________________________Melting point: 173-175.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 71.62 6.01 10.44 % Found 71.31 6.42 10.55______________________________________
EXAMPLE 117
N-[2-(3,7-Diphenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 2, using the compound of Example 45 as starting material.
______________________________________Melting point: 189-190.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 85.45 6.34 3.83 % Found 85.79 6.63 4.19______________________________________
The compounds of Examples 118 to 120 are obtained according to the process described in Example 55, Step c, using the appropriate boric acid compound or tin compound.
EXAMPLE 118
N-{2-[7-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
Melting point: 130-132.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 119
N-{2-[7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
Melting point: 126-128.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 120
N-{2-[7-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}acetamide
Melting point: 102-104.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 121
N-[2-(7-Cyano-1-naphthyl)ethyl]acetamide
The expected product is obtained according to the process described in Example 55, Step c, replacing phenylboric acid by potassium cyanide.
______________________________________Melting point: 158-161.degree. C. Elemental microanalysis: C H N______________________________________% Calc. 75.61 5.92 11.76 % Found 75.86 6.01 11.56______________________________________
The products of Examples 122 to 127 are obtained using Lawesson's reagent starting from the compounds described in the preceding Examples.
EXAMPLE 122
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1-naphthyl)ethyl]thioacetamide
EXAMPLE 123
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}-thioacetamide
EXAMPLE 124
N-{2-[7-Methoxy-3-(3-aminophenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}thioacetamide
EXAMPLE 125
N-{2-[3-(2-Furyl)-7-methoxy-1-naphthyl]ethyl}thioacetamide
EXAMPLE 126
N-{7-[(4-Methylphenyl)-1-naphthyl]ethyl}thioacetamide
EXAMPLE 127
N-[2-(7-Methoxy-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)ethyl]thioacetamide
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY
EXAMPLE A
Acute toxicity study
The acute toxicity was evaluated after oral administration to groups each comprising 8 mice (26.+-.2 grams). The animals were observed at regular intervals during the course of the first day, and daily for the two weeks following treatment. The LD.sub.50 (dose that causes the death of 50% of the animals) was evaluated and demonstrated the low toxicity of the compounds of the invention.
EXAMPLE B
Melatonin receptor binding study on pars tuberalis cells of sheep
Melatonin receptor binding studies of the compounds of the invention were carried out according to conventional techniques on pars tuberalis cells of sheep. The pars tuberalis of the adenohypophysis is in fact characterised in mammals by a high density of melatonin receptors (Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 1, pp. 1-4, 1989).
Protocol
1) Sheep pars tuberalis membranes are prepared and used as target tissue in saturation experiments to determine the binding capacities and affinities for 2-[.sup.125 I]-iodomelatonin.
2) Sheep pars tuberalis membranes are used as target tissue in competitive binding experiments using the various test compounds in comparison with melatonin. Each experiment is carried out in triplicate and a range of different concentrations is tested for each compound. The results, after statistical processing, enable the binding affinities of the compound tested to be determined.
Results
The compounds of the invention appear to have a strong affinity for melatonin receptors.
EXAMPLE C
Melatonin MEL.sub.1a and MEL.sub.1b receptor binding study
The MEL.sub.1a or MEL.sub.1b receptor binding experiments are carried out using 2-[.sup.125 I]-melatonin as reference radioligand. The radioactivity retained is determined using a Beckman.RTM. LS 6000 liquid scintillation counter.
Competitive binding experiments are then carried out in triplicate using the various test compounds. A range of different concentrations is tested for each compound. The results enable the binding affinities of the compounds tested (IC.sub.50) to be determined.
Thus, the IC.sub.50 values found for the compounds of the invention show that the binding of the compounds tested is very strong for one or other of the MEL.sub.1a and MEL.sub.1b receptor sub-types, the values being in a range from 0.1 to 10 nM.
EXAMPLE D
Four plate test
The products of the invention are administered by the oesophagal route to groups each comprising ten mice. One group is given syrup of gum. Thirty minutes after administration of the products to be studied, the animals are placed in cages in which the floor is composed of four metal plates. Each time the animal passes from one plate to another it receives a slight electric shock (0.35 mA). The number of passages from one plate to another in one minute is recorded. After administration, the compounds of the invention significantly increase the number of passages from one plate to another, demonstrating the anxiolytic activity of the compounds of the invention.
EXAMPLE E
Action of the compounds of the invention on the circadian rhythms of locomotive activity of the rat
The involvement of melatonin in influencing, by day/night alternation, the majority of physiological, biochemical and behavioural circadian rhythms has made it possible to establish a pharmacological model for research into melatoninergic ligands.
The effects of the molecules are tested on numerous parameters and, in particular, on the circadian rhythms of locomotive activity, which represent a reliable marker of the activity of the endogenous circadian clock.
In this study, the effects of such molecules on a particular experimental model, namely the rat placed in temporal isolation (permanent darkness), are evaluated.
Experimental protocol
One-month-old Long Evans male rats are subjected, as soon as they arrive at the laboratory, to a light cycle of 12 hours of light per 24 hours (LD 12:12). After 2 to 3 weeks' adaptation, they are placed in cages fitted with a wheel connected to a recording system, in order to detect the phases of locomotive activity and thus monitor the nychthemeral (LD) or circadian (DD) rhythms.
As soon as the rhythms recorded show a stable pattern in the light cycle LD 12:12, the rats are placed in permanent darkness (DD).
Two to three weeks later, when the free running (rhythm reflecting that of the endogenous clock) is clearly established, the rats are given a daily administration of the molecule to be tested.
The observations are made by means of visualisation of the rhythms of activity:
influence on the rhythms of activity by the light rhythm,
disappearance of the influence on the rhythms in permanent darkness,
influence by the daily administration of the molecule; transitory or durable effect.
A software package makes it possible:
to measure the duration and intensity of the activity, the period of the rhythm of the animals during free running and during treatment,
possibly to demonstrate by spectral analysis the existence of circadian and non-circadian (for example ultradian) components.
Results
The compounds of the invention clearly appear to allow powerful action on the circadian rhythm via the melatoninergic system.
EXAMPLE F
Anti-arrythmic activity
Protocol
(Ref: LAWSON J. W. et al. J. Pharmacol. Expert. Therap., 1968, 160, pp. 22-31)
The test substance is administered intraperitoneally to a group of 3 mice 30 minutes before being subjected to anaesthesia with chloroform. The animals are then observed for 15 minutes. The absence of recording of arrythmia and cardiac frequencies higher than 200 beats/min (control: 400-480 beats/min) in at least two animals indicates significant protection.
EXAMPLE G
Pharmaceutical composition:tablets
______________________________________1000 tablets each comprising 5 mg 5 g of the compound of Example 2 Wheat starch 20 g Corn starch 20 g Lactose 30 g Magnesium stearate 2 g Silica 1 g Hydroxypropyl cellulose 2 g______________________________________

Number	Name	Date
5318994	Andreux et al.	Jun 1994
5604261	Langlois et al.	Feb 1997
5668180	Lesieur et al.	Sep 1997
5731352	Lesieur et al.	Mar 1998

Naphthalene compounds

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