Patent Application
20150284065
This invention relates to providing a system for high altitude and near-space operations. More particularly, this invention relates to providing a system enabling safe manned and unmanned operations at extremely high altitudes (above about 70,000 feet). Even more particularly, this invention relates to providing such systems enabling stratospheric visits. And even more particularly, this invention relates to providing such systems enabling stratospheric visits using lighter-than-air vehicles.
There is increasing interest in technologies enabling high altitude and near space access for tourism, research, education and other scientific and commercial pursuits. As the introduction of the airplane, the computer, and the internet proved, making new regions of our planet accessible can bring about revolutionary scientific, social, and economic advances. A need exists for new technologies providing safe, low-cost, access to high altitude and near-space regions of the Earth's atmosphere.
A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide a system addressing the above-mentioned need(s). It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system enabling safe manned and unmanned operations at extremely high altitudes (above 70,000 feet). It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system enabling stratospheric visits using lighter-than-air vehicles. It is another object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system enabling a multi-crew, multi-passenger vehicle utilizing balloon accent and parawing recovery. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system enabling “shirt-sleeve” crew/passenger operation.
It is another object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system enabling ultra-high altitude parachute/parawing primary and/or secondary recovery utilizing stabilized (stiffened) drogue parachute deployment. A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive, and useful. Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following descriptions.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and a parachute pre-deploying system structured and arranged to deploy, prior to the launch of the at least one payload, such parachute system.
Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload.
Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one parafoil. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload.
In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions.
Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one drogue chute. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions.
And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload.
Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload.
In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein such tethering system comprises at least one lift-resisting ground restraint structured and arranged to resist upward lift imparted by such lighter-than-air propulsion system at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler structured and arranged to couple such lighter-than-air propulsion system to such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint; at least one payload coupler structured and arranged to couple the at least one payload to such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; wherein such un-tethering system comprises at least one restraint-decoupling system structured and arranged to decouple such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after decoupling such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to such lighter-than-air propulsion system by such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein the at least one payload launches with such lighter-than-air propulsion system. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload system comprises a stratospheric-visit vehicle structured and arranged to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; and wherein such stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises seating structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans environmental control structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit visual access structured and arranged to provide the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising a parachute pre-deploying system structured and arranged to deploy, prior to the launch of the at least one payload, such parachute system.
Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one parafoil. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one drogue chute. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human; wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch; wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply; and wherein the oxygen supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein such payload system comprises a stratospheric-visit vehicle structured and arranged to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; wherein such stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises seating structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans, environmental control structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit, and visual access structured and arranged to provide the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system.
And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system: wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions.
Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising a parachute pre-deploying system structured and arranged to deploy, prior to the launch of the at least one payload, such parachute system. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one parafoil. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one drogue chute.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and deploying, prior to the step of launching, the parachute system.
And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one parafoil system. Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one drogue system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and coupling the parachute system within the at least one payload; distance-separating the parachute system from the at least one payload; and controlling compressive resistance of the distance separation of the parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting prevention of tangling of the parachute system with the at least one payload. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting the parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of the parachute system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and assisting traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; supporting, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein the step of supporting comprises the steps of minimizing injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying human life support environment, conforming support to at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, cushioning at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, and permitting movement in both rotational and translational directions. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method further comprising the step of terminating the step of supporting, during launch of the at least one payload.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of tethering comprises the steps of coupling the lighter-than-air propulsion system to at least one lift-resisting ground restraint with at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; coupling the at least one payload to the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; wherein the step of un-tethering comprises the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to the lighter-than-air propulsion system. wherein the at least one payload launches with the lighter-than-air propulsion system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of controlling at least one human life support environment comprises the steps of coupling at least one equipment controller to a torso of the at least one human, providing a rigid adapter to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human, adjusting dimensions of the rigid adapter to fit the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch, rigidly attaching a mount, to attach an oxygen supply, to the rigid adapter, and wherein the oxygen supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and providing a stratospheric-visit vehicle to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; wherein the step of providing the stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises the steps of providing seating to serve the multiple humans, providing the at least one human life support environment to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit, and providing visual access to serve the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and a parachute deploying system structured and arranged to deploy, prior to the launch of the at least one payload, such parachute system. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one parafoil. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one drogue chute.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions.
Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein such tethering system comprises at least one lift-resisting ground restraint structured and arranged to resist upward lift imparted by such lighter-than-air propulsion system at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler structured and arranged to couple such lighter-than-air propulsion system to such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint; at least one payload coupler structured and arranged to couple the at least one payload to such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; wherein such un-tethering system comprises at least one restraint-decoupling system structured and arranged to decouple such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after decoupling such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from such at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to such lighter-than-air propulsion system by such at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler, wherein the at least one payload launches with such lighter-than-air propulsion system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human; wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch; wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply; and wherein the oxygen supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit system, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising: a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system; and a launch system structured and arranged to launch the at least one payload; wherein such launch system comprises a lighter-than-air propulsion system structured and arranged to lighter-than-air-propel the at least one payload, a tethering system structured and arranged to tether, initially to ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and an un-tethering system structured and arranged to un-tether, from the ground, such lighter-than-air propulsion system; and an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human; a travel control system structured and arranged to control, in the stratospheric visit, travel of the at least one payload; a communication system structured and arranged to communicate within such stratospheric-visit system; and a recovery system structured and arranged to recover at least the at least one human; wherein such recovery system comprises a separator system structured and arranged to perform separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, the parachute system structured and arranged to decelerate at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from such lighter-than-air propulsion system, and a landing system structured and arranged to assist landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein such payload system comprises a stratospheric-visit vehicle structured and arranged to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; wherein such stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises seating structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans, environmental control structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit, and visual access structured and arranged to provide the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload system comprises a stratospheric-visit vehicle structured and arranged to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; and wherein such stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises seating structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans environmental control structured and arranged to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit visual access structured and arranged to provide the multiple humans with viewing of Earth. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of such coupling means with the at least one payload. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such distance separating means comprises burble-confine penetrator means for assisting such parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of such parachute system. Also, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein at least portions of such environmental control system and such communication system comprise at least one equipment module; wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple such at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human; wherein such torso-coupling system comprises a rigid adapter structured and arranged to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch wherein such rigid adapter further comprises at least one oxygen-supply mount structured and arranged to be attached to an oxygen supply wherein the oxygen-supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human. In addition, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: a payload ground-traversing system structured and arranged to assist traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; wherein such payload ground-traversing system comprises a payload support system structured and arranged to support, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein such payload support system comprises an injury-minimizing system structured and arranged to minimize injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one configuration structured and arranged to conform to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying such environmental control system, wherein such injury-minimizing system comprises at least one cushioning structured and arranged to cushion at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying such environmental control system, and wherein such payload support system comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged to move in both rotational and translational directions. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such payload support system is further structured and arranged to be separated, during launch of the at least one payload, from the at least one payload. Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising a parachute deploying system structured and arranged to deploy, prior to the launch of the at least one payload, such parachute system. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one parafoil. Moreover, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system wherein such parachute system comprises at least one drogue chute. Additionally, it provides such a stratospheric-visit system further comprising: coupling means for coupling such parachute system within the at least one payload; wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating such parachute system from the at least one payload; and wherein such distance separating means comprises compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of such distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and deploying, prior to the step of launching, the parachute system. Also, it provides such a method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one parafoil system.
In addition, it provides such a method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one drogue system. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and coupling the parachute system within the at least one payload; distance-separating the parachute system from the at least one payload; and controlling compressive resistance of the distance separation of the parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting prevention of tangling of the parachute system with the at least one payload.
Further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting the parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of the parachute system. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and assisting traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; supporting, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein the step of supporting comprises the steps of minimizing injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying human life support environment, conforming support to at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, cushioning at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, and permitting movement in both rotational and translational directions. Even further, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method further comprising the step of terminating the step of supporting, during launch of the at least one payload. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of tethering comprises the steps of coupling the lighter-than-air propulsion system to at least one lift-resisting ground restraint with at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; coupling the at least one payload to the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; wherein the step of un-tethering comprises the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to the lighter-than-air propulsion system, wherein the at least one payload launches with the lighter-than-air propulsion system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of controlling at least one human life support environment comprises the steps of coupling at least one equipment controller to a torso of the at least one human, providing a rigid adapter to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human, adjusting dimensions of the rigid adapter to fit the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch, rigidly attaching a mount, to attach an oxygen supply, to the rigid adapter, and wherein the oxygen supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and providing a stratospheric-visit vehicle to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; wherein the step of providing the stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises the steps of providing seating to serve the multiple humans, providing the at least one human life support environment to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit, and providing visual access to serve the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
In accordance with a preferred embodiments hereof, this invention provides each and every novel feature, element, combination, step and/or method disclosed or suggested by this patent application.
The present disclosure describes Applicant's preferred system apparatus and implementation methods enabling manned stratospheric operations using lighter-than-air travel, (above about 70,000 feet). For descriptive clarity, the present invention will be generally identified herein as stratospheric-visit system 100. The initial section of the present disclosure will describe preferred aspects of near-space operations utilizing Applicant's preferred systems and methods. Subsequent sections will generally describe implementation of specific apparatus and methods relating to high-altitude delivery and recovery of multiple passengers and individual pilots between earth and the stratosphere.
In that regard,
On descent, balloon 104 is released, and a pre-deployed parawing 108 is used to glide the vehicle to earth. Parawing 108 (at least embodying herein wherein the at least one payload launches with said lighter-than-air propulsion system and at least embodying herein wherein said parachute system comprises at least one parafoil) is preferably of a steerable design allowing a pilot to maneuver capsule 106 to a selected landing site.
After capsule 106 is released, balloon 104 is preferably deflated and brought to the ground to avoid it becoming an aviation hazard or falling into populated areas. This is preferably done with a ripping panel and line that are pulled when the payload is released. Additionally, balloon 104 is equipped with valve 142 at the top of the envelope that opens to release the helium gas.
Prior to launch, capsule 106 is preferably placed in a wheeled launch cradle 140 to enable towing of capsule 106 to the launch-site location. The wheeled launch cradle 140 also preferably enables translational and rotational movement of capsule 106 during release of balloon 104 at launch. Preferably, launch cradle 140 separates from capsule 106 and remains on the ground after liftoff. Additional details of Applicant's preferred launch procedures are presented in
Preferably, stratospheric-visit vehicle 102 comprises capsule 106, preferably a pressurized capsule, equipped with seating to serve multiple human passengers and crew, an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) to maintain a habitable environment for the multiple humans during a multiple-hour stratospheric visit, and visual access (see, for example,
One preferred aspect of Applicant's near-space operation systems 100 is the ability of the recovery system to return the capsule/payload from extremely high altitude (above 70,000 ft) to the ground in a controlled fashion using parawing 108. The need for a parafoil design capable of operating above a 50,000-foot altitude and capable of providing a precision return and gentle landing (rather than random dropped return and landing under a conventional round or semi-round parachute) was a driving factor for Applicant's development of the presently-disclosed recovery arrangements.
The preferred design of parawing 108 differs from conventional parafoil parachute technology in that Applicant's wing remains fixed in a “flight-ready” configuration at launch through flight and return to earth. Parawing 108 preferably does not require moving air to maintain an aerodynamic shape; rather, the preferred wing design utilizes a stiffening system to maintain parawing 108 in the preferred flight-ready configuration during the assent phase of a mission. This precludes the need for the system to withstand dynamic deployment forces and removes the uncertainty of deployment actuation, unfurling, and proper deployment control. Preferred stiffening systems utilize rigidizing members forming a geometry-controlling framework. Stiffening members may comprise adapted equivalents of one or more ribs, spars, struts, braces, etc. Preferred stiffening members may also utilize tension members to transfer force loads within parawing 108. Alternately preferably, a stiffening frame composed of inflated cells is used.
Parawing 108 is preferably suspended from below the high-altitude balloon 104 and conformed to be fully deployed prior to release. The preferred use of a parawing 108 already deployed and in a near-flight configuration results in less of a “drop” feeling by the payload or passengers when released from balloon 104 (or other carrier). Furthermore, applicant's system allows for quick transition to controlled, directed flight. It is further noted that alternate preferred embodiments utilize an already descending balloon to further reduce the time from release to fully supported flight.
Parawing 108 preferably remains open, ready to glide capsule 106 to a safe landing at any time during the flight. This provides a significant safety feature if balloon 104 does not reach full altitude. In the unlikely event of a parawing failure, a drogue parachute and secondary parafoils are preferably deployed to provide backup recovery (see also
Stratospheric-visit System 100 is preferably enabled by implementation of a set of essential system functions, which are preferably implemented by the enabling subsystems outlined in system organization chart of
Equipment Module 208 preferably provides a mounting location for components from a variety of subsystems. The Flight Recovery module 203 preferably includes a parachute mounting structure or body harness, main parachute and reserve parachute. In the present disclosure, the term “parachute” or “chute” may be used to identify system parafoils, parawings, and other devices used to slow the motion of the payload through an atmosphere by creating drag.
Flight Recovery module 203 includes everything needed to get the pilot away from balloon 104 and safely back to the ground. The holding and release rigging preferably resides between the parachute container and the balloon(s). This connects the parachute harness (and the suit and pilot it is strapped to) to the balloon(s) and allows for the separation of the pilot from the balloon(s) at the appropriate time.
Flight Vehicle 205 preferably comprises the apparatus that lifts the payload to the target altitude and carries along with it supporting avionics 105. As such, Flight Vehicle 205 interfaces with many aspects of stratospheric-visit system 100. These interfaces preferably include atmospheric environment (physical/thermal), recovery systems (physical), ground infrastructure & facilities (physical/procedural), ground crew (physical/data/procedural/visual), pilot (procedural/visual). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those skilled in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, operational parameters, etc., other interfaces, such as, for example, aircraft, air traffic control, the public, etc., may suffice.
Flight Vehicle 205 preferably interfaces the atmospheric environment in flight occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. Flight Vehicle 205 is in physical contact with the air, including buoyancy forces and wind. Flight Vehicle 205 preferably exchanges thermal energy through radiation exchange with the atmospheric environment, preferably through convection with surrounding air.
The ground crew works directly and in physical contact with Flight Vehicle 205 to prepare it for launch, during launch, and during recovery; this preferably includes working with balloon 104, avionics 105, rigging, attachments to pilot and the launch system equipment. Data preferably is sent to the ground crew via avionics 105. Further, mission control preferably can send commands to Flight Vehicle 205 through avionics 105.
For recovery, Flight Vehicle 205 is physically attached to pilot release mechanism 241 (see
Flight Vehicle 205 preferably includes balloon 104 and all of its associated components, including dedicated avionics 105. The other four modules remain on the ground. The balloon equipment module of Flight Vehicle 205 preferably supports flight avionics 105, digital camera capture and transmission hardware, and mechanical and electrical interfaces to the Power, Avionics, Recovery, and Launch Balloon Subsystems.
Ground Support Equipment 212 preferably consists of all modules that remain on the ground during flight operations. Preferred modules of Ground Support Equipment 212 include Mobile Pre-flight Unit 213 including a Ground Cart 214, Mission Control 216, Balloon Launch Equipment 218, and Ground Recovery 220. Mission Control 216 preferably houses all of the equipment needed to track the mission and communicate with the crew and/or pilot. Ground Recovery 212 preferably includes a helicopter to pick up the crew and/or pilot and all equipment needed to recover and refurbish the parachute (parafoil/parawing) and balloon 104. The Balloon Launch Equipment 218 preferably comprises all items needed to unfurl and inflate balloon 104 prior to launch. From an organizational standpoint, the Stratospheric-flight Elements 300 preferably comprise all of the system equipment that must be moved should a launch location change.
From a functional perspective, the Stratospheric-flight Elements 300 also consist of various subsystems. The Environmental Control and Life Support Subsystem (ECLSS) preferably provides thermal control, oxygen, pressurization and other functions to keep the crew and/or pilot alive and comfortable. The Launch Balloon Subsystem provides the preferred means for lifting the crew and/or pilot to a selected altitude. Environmental-containment Module 201 preferably isolates the crew and/or pilot from the outside environment. The Avionics subsystem preferably provides communication and tracking, receives and issues commands, and monitors sensors in other systems.
The Power subsystem preferably provides electrical power to all electrical components. The Recovery subsystem preferably includes the parachute harness, parachute, and reserve parachute, as well as all equipment necessary to recover the pilot, parachute, and balloon after landing. The Ground Elements preferably include all equipment and infrastructure to support the mission. This preferably includes cargo vans, helium trucks, storage facilities, helicopter pads, etc.
Referring now to the relational diagram of
Payload functions 101 at least preferably provide for the transport of at least one human. Preferred payload functions 101 further comprise actions relating to implementing the transport of system hardware that travels with the crewmember(s), including, for example, parachute apparatus supporting recovery functions 113 (i.e., parafoils/parawings). This arrangement at least embodies herein a payload system structured and arranged to provide at least one payload including at least one human, and at least one parachute system. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as mission objectives, etc., other payload arrangements such as, for example, implementation of unmanned scientific packages, high-altitude communication systems, intelligence-gathering apparatus, etc., may suffice.
Launch functions 103 preferably include implementation of lighter-than-air propulsion functions 115, tethering functions 117, and un-tethering functions 119, as shown. Lighter-than-air propulsion functions 115 are preferably enabled by balloon 104 (see
Environmental control functions 107 preferably control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the flight crew and/or pilot. Travel control functions 109 preferably control, during the stratospheric visit, travel of the payload. Communication functions 111 preferably include system operations associated with flight and ground communication within stratospheric-visit system 100.
Recovery functions 113 preferably enable recovery of the flight crew and/or pilot. Recovery functions preferably comprise balloon-separator functions 121, parachute-related functions 123, and landing functions 125, as shown.
Balloon-separator functions 121 preferably implement separation operations of at least the flight crew and/or pilot from balloon 104, or separation from similar lighter-than-air apparatus functioning to implement such lighter-than-air propulsion functions 115. Parachute-related functions 123 preferably provide air-resistance-assisted deceleration of at least the flight crew and/or pilot after separation of the flight crew and/or pilot from balloon 104. Preferred system embodiments enabling such parachute-related functions 123 preferably include parafoils 108. Alternately preferably, parachute-related functions 123 are implemented by non-standard parawing of semi-rigid design. Furthermore, preferred parachute functions 123, such payload descent stabilization, are preferably implemented by at least one drogue parachute 130 (see
Landing functions 125 preferably implement landing of the flight crew and/or pilot. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as design preference, mission objectives, traveler preferences, marketing preferences, cost, structural requirements, available materials, technological advances, etc., other system functions such as, for example, powered booster-propulsion functions, water-landing functions (i.e., flotation), robotic-payload functions, etc., may suffice.
In addition, stratospheric-visit system 100 comprises operation-specific functions 127 for the implementation of mission-specific functions. Mission-specific subsystems 127 of stratospheric-visit system 100 will be described in the following sections, as examples of preferred implementation of preferred system embodiments.
The following teachings are directed primarily to a single-pilot mission. Although a single-pilot mission is disclosed, it is noted that aspects of the system are applicable to a multi-passenger capsule apparatus and flight operations. In that regard,
Avionics 105 are preferably housed on the balloon equipment module (BEM 232) at the base of the balloon assembly. The BEM support structure is attached directly to the balloon base fitting and is the physical interface to the payload, the deployable avionics module, ballast, radar reflector, and a radiosonde. Avionics 105 preferably includes: a SkySite computer equipped with two data acquisition boards (DAB), a transponder, two SPOT GPS units, a battery pack, a video camera, transmitter and antennae. SkySite will be programmed to respond to ground signals to activate the ballast release, emergency payload release, and balloon destruct. Balloon destruct is preferably accomplished by dropping the avionics module from the support structure. The avionics module will be tied to a special gore on the balloon, which when dropped will tear out a hole in the gore. SkySite will automatically generate a time-delayed signal to sever the line to the tear-away gore and a second time-delayed signal to release the parachute. Pyrocutters preferably are used to activate mechanical releases. Digital cameras preferably will also be used to capture images/video.
SkySite is a flight tested computer system designed and built by Space Data Corp. that was designed to provide all avionics functions of sounding balloon flights for data collection including lift gas vent and ballast control. This system is preferably being used with some modifications to perform telemetry and control functions for Flight Vehicle 205 and ECLSS (Environmental Control and Life Support System). One SkySite system will be placed on flight vehicle 205, a second will be placed on the equipment module that supports the life support systems. Each SkySite computer is integrated with a GPS receiver and transceiver. Along with GPS data, internal temperature, battery state and other information is relayed to the ground. The GPS data is presented on mapping software to show trajectory information including heading, ascent rate, etc.
SkySite's original configuration is in part designed to control a servomotor for lift gas venting. The servomotor will for Space Dive be used to indirectly control the crown valve. The servomotor will be used to toggle between one of three switches that can be used to either open or close the crown valve.
SkySite's original implementation of ballast dispersal is based on a servomotor-powered auger. It is alternately preferred that this servomotor will be replaced by a simple electronic relay that can power hot-wire cutters for ballast release.
Launch platform 234 preferably comprises a ballast member or ground mounting. The process of filling and standing balloon 104 as described above requires that the base of balloon 104 be tethered to the ground. As previously shown in
The Launch Plate preferably comprises a weld assembly, comprising a 1¼″ thick, 8′×12′ steel plate. The Launch Plate preferably comprises a weight of approximately 4900 lbs. The launch plate will require several anchor points. The Launch Plate preferably comprises six tie-down rings welded at locations of three along each edge about one foot from the edges and three feet apart. The launch tethers will attach to the steel Launch Plate via a pair of ratchet load binders. The launch plate will be fitted with welded anchor points to which the ratchet load binders will attach.
Anchor points separated by 10 ft (one one each edge of launch plate) appear to provide sufficient space below the balloon-supported BEM 232. The four corner rings will preferably be oriented at an angle of 31 degrees with respect to the preferred 8 foot-edges. The welds of the middle two rings are to run parallel to the 8 ft edges. Aside from handling, the corner rings preferably are used to anchor the plate for additional anchoring reinforcement. The middle two rings are preferably designated for balloon tethering.
Preferably, balloon 104 is filled with lighter-than-air gas enabling the lighter-than-air propulsion functions 115 of the single-pilot flight vehicle 205. When sufficient balloon buoyancy has been achieved, spool vehicle 236 gradually approaches launch platform 234 and releases balloon 104, which preferably lifts BEM 232 into flight position, as shown in
Balloon 104 preferably comprises an envelope, preferably comprising polyethylene, preferably balloon grade linear low density polyethylene film, preferably ANTRIX (developed by Tada Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)). Preferred specifications for 70,000 foot, 90,000 foot, and 120,000 foot balloons are shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, respectively.
Referring to
Preferably, un-tethering functions 119 of launch system are implemented by releasing each tether securing BEM 232 to the ground, thus allowing single-pilot flight vehicle 205 to lift pilot 204 out of payload ground-traversing system 238 and upward toward target altitude 138. Each tether will be secured to BEM 232 with an interfacing 3-ring release mechanism. The trigger line for each 3-ring release mechanism will be coupled together such that a single action (pull) will simultaneously disengage both 3-ring release mechanisms. This concept has been successfully tested by applicant. (at least embodying herein wherein said un-tethering system comprises at least one restraint-decoupling system structured and arranged to decouple said at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from said at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after decoupling said at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from said at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to said lighter-than-air propulsion system by said at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler).
Upon release, under ideal conditions, balloon 104 pulls pilot 204 out of the launch sedan and both rise straight up. With a side wind, balloon 104 and payload will, after launch, have a tendency to rotate about the system's center of gravity until the crown of the balloon and the payload form a vector approximately parallel with that formed by gravity and drag. Payload ground-traversing system 238 is preferably designed to accommodate such translational and rotational motions.
Preferably, payload support system 240 comprises a motion direction system structured and arranged permit pilot 204 to move in both rotational and translational directions. Such preferred motion direction system is enabled by wheels 242. All wheels are preferably of swivel design to maximize the ground maneuverability of pilot 204 during liftoff. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as design preference, user preferences, marketing preferences, cost, structural requirements, available materials, technological advances, etc., other low-friction arrangements such as, for example, skids, low-friction plates, rollers, etc., may suffice.
The preferred single-pilot system architecture has pilot 204 “directly” attached to the balloon; that is, unlike the preferred embodiment of
In the presently-disclosed single-pilot mode, the Stratospheric-flight Elements preferably comprise the collection of all modules that leave the ground: the Environmental-containment Module 201 (in this case pressure suit 202), Equipment Module 208, Flight Recovery Module 203, and Flight Vehicle 205.
Flight Vehicle 205 preferably comprises balloon 104 and all other components that adapt balloon 104 to manned flight. This preferably includes rigging and valving as well as avionics that announce the location of the balloon per Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. Flight Vehicle avionics 105 are preferably housed on the balloon equipment module (BEM 232) at the base of the balloon assembly.
Environmental-containment Module 201 preferably consists of pressure suit 202 (at least embodying herein an environmental control system structured and arranged to control, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human-life-support environment of the at least one human), but also includes all ECLSS (Environmental Control and Life Support System) and avionics equipment inside of the suit. Preferred ECLSS components include a neck dam, regulators, relief valves and water supply, etc. Preferred avionics equipment include the microphone and headset that allow pilot 204 to communicate with the ground.
Equipment Module 208 consists of a frame that preferably serves as a mounting location for components of various subsystems. Preferred example subsystems include the ECLSS oxygen tanks and components of the thermal fluid loop such as the pump, cold plate, heater and oxygen heat exchanger. The avionics boxes preferably mount to the frame or the ECLSS cold plate. The batteries are also preferably attached to the frame.
The Flight Recovery Module 203 preferably consists of the parachute harness, parachute components and the separation mechanism. The harness is preferably placed on pressure suit 202. In one preferred embodiment of the present system, Equipment Module 208 is attached to the front of the harness similar to a tandem skydiver. In this arrangement, the harness is preferably similar to a tandem sky-dive harness. The harness is also the component that preferably functions to directly connected pilot 204 to Flight Vehicle 205. Alternately preferably, Equipment Module 208 is rigidly mounted to pressure suit 202.
Ground Support Equipment 212 preferably consists of all modules that remain on the ground during flight operations. Preferred modules of Ground Support Equipment 212 include Ground Cart 214, Mission Control 216, Balloon Launch Equipment 218, and Ground Recovery 220.
Preferably, Ground Cart 214 provides oxygen, cooling, electrical power and communications for pilot 204 while the pre-breathe process is taking place. The Pilot is preferably disconnected from Ground Cart 214 approximately 15 minutes before launch.
Preferably, Mission Control 216 is where all data from the Flight System will be received, processed and interpreted. Preferably, multiple people monitor computers to evaluate the data from Flight System 222. This is also where direct verbal communication with the pilot will preferably take place. Balloon Launch Equipment 218 preferably comprises apparatus needed to unfurl balloon 104, inflate it, keep it moored to the ground, and initiate release.
Ground Recovery 220 preferably includes all items needed to find the pilot 204 after landing, take pilot 204 to a medical center and to recover and refurbish all parachute and balloon components. Equipment module 208 preferably includes the physical container that resides on the chest of pilot 204, the structure that attaches that container to pilot 204 and any tubes or wires extending to interfaces on other systems. Equipment Module 208 preferably serves as the structural support for many of the components of the various subsystems of Flight System 211. These subsystems preferably include Avionics, Power and ECLSS. The equipment is rather heavy, requiring significant structure. Preferred equipment is bulky and irregularly shaped; therefore, a neoprene cover 304 is preferably placed over the equipment held by Equipment Module 208 to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the assembly. Additional “spacers” are preferably provided, as required, to further smooth the shape underneath the cover to prevent aerodynamic moment forces.
In one preferred embodiment of the present system, Equipment Module 208 is preferably attached to the Recovery System harness via multiple hooks and straps. The intention is for the Equipment Module to be supported by the harness during ascent and loiter rather than being suspended from the pilot (in other words, the pilot is not part of the load path).
A primary component of Equipment Module 208 is the frame. The frame is preferably constructed from 8020 extrusions which are cut to length and connected with standard fittings. Hooks are preferably attached to provide a mounting location to the harness of the Flight Recovery System 203. There are three sections of the frame with pivots that allow the shape to be adjusted to fit pilot 204.
The frame is alternately preferably a hard-mounted design using structural pick-up points on the torso region of pressure suit 202, as shown (at least embodying herein wherein such at least one equipment module comprises a torso-coupling system structured and arranged to couple said at least one equipment module to a torso of the at least one human). It is preferred that frame (at least embodying herein a torso-coupling system) fit closely about a front of the torso of pilot 204. Because pressure suit 202 is composed of soft goods, the manufacturing process does not produce a known location of structural pick-up points, with relation to individual suit components when the suit is inflated. This drove the need for about a 1-inch degree of adjustability in the up-down and forward-back translation modes. An adaptor plate was preferably implemented to allow for such large size adjustments in the main frame system (at least embodying herein wherein such rigid adapter comprises at least one size adjuster structured and arranged to adjust dimensions of such rigid adapter to the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch). The adaptor plate also allows for adjustment in the roll and pitch translation modes (with the pilot's chest being “forward”).
There are three systems that are contained partially or in total within the Pressure Suit Module, which preferably include pressure suit 202, the ECLSS, and the avionics subsystem. The ECLSS of the pressure suit module preferably implements environmental control functions 107 to maintain the health of pilot 204 by supplying heating and cooling, providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide, and maintaining a pressurized environment. An avionics system preferably monitors sensors and preferably provides uplink and downlink communications. Equipment Module 208 preferably houses a majority of the ELCSS components & oxygen storage, avionics, and batteries for the mission.
The ECLSS is preferably built on the heritage of the 51034 Pilot's Protective Assembly (PPA) and NASA's 51035 Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES). These ECLSS oxygen flow and pressure systems have similar features and in most cases similar components that are used in these heritage systems. The S1034 PPA oxygen system is described in DN OOPSTP PPA O2 System. The NASA ACES is described in some detail in USA009026, Crew Escape System 21002.
The ECLSS oxygen flow system preferably uses some of the same components (demand regulator and exhalation valves) as the S1034 PPA and S1035 ACES except that the ACES use a single demand regulator rather than a dual regulator. The ECLSS of stratospheric-visit system 100 is more like the ACES system in that it preferably incorporates a neck dam and a larger helmet volume rather than the face seal and smaller oral/nasal cavity of the 51034 PPA. Unlike ACES or PPA, the ECLSS of stratospheric-visit system 100 also includes a respiration mask to minimize the risk of fogging and encourage CO2 washout. To maintain pressure, the ECLSS pressure system preferably uses the same dual suit controller as used in both the PPA and ACES systems, and a pressure relief valve similar to the ACES system.
Ground Cart preferably provides oxygen, cooling, electrical power and communications while pilot 204 undergoes a preferred pre-breathe process to reduce nitrogen loading in body. The Ground Cart provides oxygen, cooling, electrical power and communications for the pilot while the pre-breathe process is taking place. The pilot is disconnected from the ground cart approximately 15 minutes before launch.
Prior to launch, pilot 204 must carry out a pre-breathe process. Because the absolute pressure inside of pressure suit 202 will be around 3.5 psi when at maximum mission altitude, any nitrogen in the pilot's blood stream will come out of solution and create gas bubbles. These bubbles can cause pain and even death. To prevent this, the pilot must breathe pure oxygen until the nitrogen is purged from his body. This means pilot 204 must don the pressure suit module to isolate himself from the ambient ground atmosphere. As a result, pilot 204 requires a supply of oxygen and requires heating and/or cooling via the liquid thermal garment and will need to communicate with the ground crew.
The preferred pre-breathe process lasts up to three hours and consumes a large amount of oxygen as well as electrical power. Cooling may be needed, but the preferred Flight System ECLSS is designed only to provide heating. Therefore, Ground Cart 214 is preferably designed to provide oxygen, cooling, power and communications without using the consumables intended for flight and adding complexity to Flight System 211.
The preferred ECLSS is designed to allow connections into the oxygen lines. The oxygen is preferably supplied at 80 psi so that the 65 psi regulators of Flight System 211 do not open and expel oxygen from the flight tanks Preferably, quick disconnect connections are provided in the water loop such that Ground Cart 214 can preferably provide water for cooling and/or warming. Electrical power is preferably supplied to run the avionics so that communication can take place and all systems can be checked on the ground prior to flight, again preserving the battery power of Flight System 211. Mission Control preferably encompasses the hardware, software, and personnel involved in directing the execution of all flight procedures from flight planning through recovery. Preferred Mission Control personnel include a flight director, mission meteorologist, medical specialist, ECLSS specialist, recovery system specialist, avionics specialist and flight vehicle specialist. The flight director is preferably responsible for communication with ATC, launch director and with mobile (recovery) operations. Preferred procedures to be executed include, but are not limited to, weather forecasting, medical oversight, flight, ECLSS, recovery and launch hardware check and preparation, launch operations, system monitoring, and ground and air-based flight recovery.
Further, ground control preferably can activate any of the parachute systems should the pilot be unable. The parachute activation system preferably comprises a line restraining a spring that upon release pulls the parachute release cord. The system is preferably activated (by ground command) by a hotwire cutting the spring retaining line. The pull cords and restraint cords are all held by passing through holes in the top plate and then tying a knot to keep the cords from passing back through. The restrained spring load is ˜13 lbf and the actuation stroke is ˜3.0 inches, and it weighs about 0.3 lbs.
Referring to
Drogue parachute 130 of parachute system 123 preferably comprises means for coupling drogue parachute 130 with the payload (in this case, pilot 204). In the present preferred embodiment such coupling is performed by parachute bridle line 226. A key feature of parachute bridle line 226 is the preferred incorporation of at least one drogue stiffener 224 used to stiffen portions of parachute bridle line 226. Drogue stiffener 224 preferably functions to provide a means for distance-separating drogue parachute 130 from pilot 204 (at least embodying herein wherein such coupling means comprises distance separating means for distance-separating of parachute system from the payload) and further provides a means for controlling compressive resistance of the stiffened parachute bridle line 226 to assist implementation of physical-distance separation of drogue parachute 130 from pilot 204 (at least embodying herein compressive-resistance control means for controlling compressive resistance of distance separating means to assist the distance separation of such parachute system from the payload). This preferred arrangement prevents entanglement of drogue parachute 130 and preferably functions to push drogue parachute 130 beyond the wake (burble) at transonic velocities.
Preferably, drogue stiffener 224 functions to restrict the bridle from wrapping around a falling vehicle structure, payload structure, parachutist's body, etc. Applicant's preferred drogue parachute design is preferably configured to move in a relative manner with the vehicle structure/payload structure/parachutist as it spins or tumbles. This feature preferably prevents the drogue parachute from wrapping and tangling around the vehicle structure/payload structure/parachutist during high altitude freefall (at least embodying herein wherein said distance separating means comprises anti-tangling means for assisting prevention of tangling of said coupling means with the at least one payload). This is highly useful in that should a bridle line wrap around an adjacent structure, it could potentially disable the system preventing it from stabilizing the user and in an extreme situation even restrict the deployment of the main or reserve parachutes, which could result in a catastrophic and/or fatal malfunction.
Preferred drogue stiffeners 224 preferably comprise a carbon fiber slit cylinder having a length of about 10 feet, or alternately preferably, three carbon-fiber rods, having a diameter of about 0.125 inch, such rods located inside a Kevlar sleeve. In each embodiment, the stiffening member is long enough so that the drogue parachute will not touch pilot 204 when the parachute folds back. Three preferred examples of applicant's supported drogue are as follows:
It is noted that Applicant's drogue stiffeners 224 are generally useful in broader parachuting activities where the recovery profile includes periods of zero-gravity freefall. This occurs, for example, during high-altitude return-to-earth operations or any high atmospheric free-fall procedure.
Preferably, balloon 104 is filled with lighter-than-air gas enabling the lighter-than-air propulsion functions 115 of stratospheric-visit vehicle 102. When sufficient balloon buoyancy has been achieved, spool vehicle 236 gradually approaches parawing 108, as shown in
Thus, in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, there is provided, relating to stratospheric-visit system 100, a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and deploying, prior to the step of launching, the parachute system. Also, it provides such a method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one parafoil system.
In addition, stratospheric-visit system 100 preferably provides such a method wherein the parachute system comprises at least one drogue system. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and coupling the parachute system within the at least one payload; distance-separating the parachute system from the at least one payload; and controlling compressive resistance of the distance separation of the parachute system from the at least one payload; wherein controlling distance separation of such parachute system from the at least one payload is achieved. And, it provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting prevention of tangling of the parachute system with the at least one payload.
Further, stratospheric-visit system 100 preferably provides such a stratospheric-visit method wherein the step of distance-separating comprises the step of assisting the parachute system to penetrate at least one burble confine during deployment of the parachute system. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and assisting traversing of at least the at least one human across the ground; supporting, during launch, at least the at least one human, wherein the step of supporting comprises the steps of minimizing injury, during launch, to at least the at least one human and at least one accompanying human life support environment, conforming support to at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, cushioning at least the at least one human and the at least one accompanying human life support environment, and permitting movement in both rotational and translational directions.
Even further, stratospheric-visit system 100 preferably provides such a stratospheric-visit method further comprising the step of terminating the step of supporting, during launch of the at least one payload. In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of tethering comprises the steps of coupling the lighter-than-air propulsion system to at least one lift-resisting ground restraint with at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; coupling the at least one payload to the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler; wherein the step of un-tethering comprises the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, wherein the at least one payload, after the step of decoupling the at least one balloon-to-restraint coupler from the at least one lift-resisting ground restraint, remains coupled to the lighter-than-air propulsion system, wherein the at least one payload launches with the lighter-than-air propulsion system.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, stratospheric-visit system 100 preferably provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and wherein the step of controlling at least one human life support environment comprises the steps of coupling at least one equipment controller to a torso of the at least one human, providing a rigid adapter to closely abut a front of the torso of the at least one human, adjusting dimensions of the rigid adapter to fit the front of the torso of the at least one human prior to launch, rigidly attaching a mount, to attach an oxygen supply, to the rigid adapter, and wherein the oxygen supply is positionable to be transported along the front torso of the at least one human.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, stratospheric-visit system 100 preferably provides a stratospheric-visit method, relating to a stratospheric visit using lighter-than-air travel, comprising the steps of: providing at least one payload comprising at least one human, and at least one parachute system; launching the at least one payload; wherein the step of launching comprises the steps of lighter-than-air-propelling the at least one payload with a lighter-than-air propulsion system, tethering, initially to ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and un-tethering, from the ground, the lighter-than-air propulsion system; controlling, during the stratospheric visit, at least one human life support environment of the at least one human; controlling travel, in the stratospheric visit, of the at least one payload; communicating, during the stratospheric visit, with the at least one payload; and recovering the at least one human; wherein the step of recovering comprises the steps of performing separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, decelerating, with the at least one parachute system, at least the at least one human after the separation of at least the at least one human from the lighter-than-air propulsion system, and landing of at least the at least one human; and providing a stratospheric-visit vehicle to transport multiple humans on the stratospheric visit; wherein the step of providing the stratospheric-visit vehicle comprises the steps of providing seating to serve the multiple humans, providing the at least one human life support environment to serve the multiple humans during a multiple hour stratospheric visit, and providing visual access to serve the multiple humans with viewing of Earth.
Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of this invention includes modifications such as diverse shapes, sizes, and materials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims as read in connection with the above specification. Further, many other advantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions and the below claims.
The present application is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 61/768,183, filed Feb. 22, 2013, entitled “NEAR-SPACE OPERATION SYSTEMS”; and, this application is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 61/813,918, filed Apr. 19, 2013, entitled “NEAR-SPACE OPERATION SYSTEMS”; and, this application is related to and claims priority from prior provisional application Ser. No. 61/822,355, filed May 11, 2013, entitled “NEAR-SPACE OPERATION SYSTEMS”, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by this reference and are not admitted to be prior art with respect to the present invention by the mention in this cross-reference section.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61822355 | May 2013 | US | |
| 61813918 | Apr 2013 | US | |
| 61768183 | Feb 2013 | US |
