Patent Application
20170189627
The invention relates to a nebulizer for the topical application of a liquid and/or solid to a surface. The invention also relates to a method for the topical cooling of the skin of a person or animal and to a cooling medium and various applications of the device according to the present invention.
The invention relates to the topical application of a liquid and/or solid to a surface. Various nebulizers, such as spray cans, are already known for many diverse applications. Such nebulizers comprise a container in which liquid is kept under pressure with a propellant gas or compressed air in order to expel the liquid as a fine-particle spray. To expel the liquid as a fine-particle spray, the known nebulizer has a spray nozzle with a specific bore. The size of the bore created in the nozzle is generally of determining significance for the dispersion of the spray as well as the liquid concentration (for example the number of milligrams per second) in the spray generated by the nozzle.
An example of such a nebulizer is disclosed in United Kingdom patent application GB 2 018 908 A describing a valve for a pressurized dispensing container, wherein the valve comprises a hollow body associated with a drawing tube for the fluid transport and provided with at least one through hole for the gas transport, as well as a shutter element movable in the body against a spring and provided with a hollow stem having at least one opening which can be shut off by a sealing gasket. The body has therein a nozzle which is hydraulically connected with the drawing tube and cooperates with a venturi effect conduit which with such a nozzle defines an annular space communicating with said through hole for the gas transport.
By decreasing the bore size of the nozzle it is possible to create a nebulizer that is designed for generating a spray comprising a low liquid concentration and/or that is designed for the topical, i.e., highly local application of a liquid and/or solid substance.
The present invention provides an improved nebulizer, such as a spray can, for the topical application of a liquid and/or solid to a surface, comprising a container designed for holding a colloidal substance and a medium, an actuatable valve attached to the container and a nozzle attached to the valve, designed for generating a stream or spray. The valve comprises a mixing chamber attached to the nozzle and a first and a second inlet attached to the mixing chamber for the separate delivery of the colloidal substance and the medium to the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber of the nebulizer according to the present invention is designed for forming a colloidal mixture comprising the colloidal substance and the medium before delivering the colloidal mixture to the nozzle, wherein the colloidal mixture comprises a dispersed phase consisting of a liquid and/or a solid substance and a continuous phase consisting of a propellant gas.
The nebulizer of the present invention has the advantage that, due to the formation of a colloidal mixture before delivering the colloidal mixture to the nozzle, the size of the bore of the nozzle does not necessarily have to be adjusted in order to generate a spray with a reduced concentration of liquid and/or solid material and/or to generate a spray that can be applied topically, i.e., very locally, to a surface. The present invention therefore provides a nebulizer that is designed for the highly directed treatment of surfaces.
In an embodiment according to the present invention the contents of the container and, optionally, the actuatable valve attached to the container are held under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Preferably, in the closed state the pressures in the container and in the actuatable valve attached to the container are the same. It is to be noted that if the valve is in the opened state, the pressure in the valve will be lower than the pressure in the container. More preferably the pressure referred to above is greater than 2.0 bar, preferably greater than 3.0 bar, preferably approximately 4.0 bar, preferably approximately 5.0 bar, preferably approximately 12 bar, preferably approximately 60 bar.
The colloidal mixture such as that formed in the mixing chamber preferably comprises a dispersed phase of liquid and a continuous phase of propellant gas. It has been found that a fine spray can be produced which has the properties of a directed liquid stream. The colloidal mixture such as that formed in the mixing chamber can be of various types, but preferably comprises an aerosol.
In order to guarantee the delivery of a colloidal mixture comprising a dispersed phase consisting of a liquid and/or a solid substance and a continuous phase consisting of a propellant gas, the first and/or second inlet attached to the mixing chamber is preferably provided with inlet blocking means, such as a shut-off valve that is opened when the device is brought into the proper orientation for use. Proper orientation is defined here as the position in which the first and second inlets are positioned such that they supply the colloidal substance and the medium via the inlets intended for them in order to form the desired colloidal mixture. Such a blocking means preferably comprises a ball, movable under the influence of gravity, which closes the first and/or second inlet when the nebulizer is in an inactive orientation. Such an inactive orientation comprises for example the orientation of the nebulizer wherein the nozzle is directed in the opposite direction to the direction of the force of gravity. As soon as the nebulizer is rotated into an active orientation (wherein the nozzle is facing in a direction substantially identical to the direction of the force of gravity), the first and/or second inlet that is closed in the inactive orientation is opened and makes the use of the nebulizer possible.
A possible alternative embodiment in order to guarantee the delivery of a colloidal mixture comprising a dispersed phase consisting of a liquid and/or a solid substance and a continuous phase consisting of a propellant gas relates to a nebulizer wherein the colloidal substance and/or the medium is enclosed by a chamber which is only connected to the first and/or second inlet. Such an embodiment also has a nebulizer comprising at least a first and a second partial container, which first partial container is designed for holding a colloidal substance and is connected to the first inlet and wherein the second partial container is designed for holding a medium and is connected to the second inlet. In such a variant embodiment the use of an inlet blocking means is no longer necessary. In such a case the intended colloidal mixture, i.e., a colloidal mixture comprising a dispersed phase consisting of a liquid and/or a solid substance and a continuous phase consisting of a propellant gas, can be formed regardless of the orientation of the nebulizer.
In an embodiment according to the present invention the container of the nebulizer comprises a first vessel for holding the colloidal substance and a second vessel for holding the medium, wherein the pressures in the first vessel and the second vessel are the same. The nebulizer according to the present invention thus provides the possibility of supplying separate vessels which may optionally be combined into one container.
In a further variant embodiment the stream generated by the nozzle comprises a liquid and/or solid matter concentration of a maximum of 100 mg per second. It has been found that the nebulizer provides the possibility of generating a stream comprising a very low concentration of colloidal substance without the bore size of the nozzle having to be adjusted such that clogging of the nozzle threatens to occur. Preferably the liquid and/or solid matter concentration of the stream generated by the nozzle is between 0 and 100 mg per second, more preferably between 20 and 80 mg per second, and even more preferably between 40 and 60 mg per second.
The stream generated by the nozzle of the nebulizer can have the shape of a cone with a top angle of the cone that is smaller than 30°, preferably smaller than 20° and preferably smaller than 10°, preferably smaller than 5°. The nebulizer according to the present invention thus provides a stream that can be directed against a surface to be treated. The top angle of the cone may also optionally be greater than 30°.
The formation of a colloidal mixture in the mixing chamber can be accomplished in various ways. For example it is possible for the mixing chamber to be provided with a Venturi for drawing up the colloidal substance or the medium. Preferably the Venturi comprises a controllable Venturi in order to further regulate the quantity to be applied to a surface. Another possibility for forming a colloidal mixture in the mixing chamber can for example be obtained by providing the first and/or second inlet with an opening for delivering the colloidal substance and/or the medium. Once again this preferably relates to a controllable opening.
In yet another possibility the first and/or second is provided with a resistance, such as a membrane, for delivering the colloidal substance and/or the medium. Here also the resistance may comprise a controllable resistance. In another possible alternative embodiment the first and/or second inlet is provided with a release valve for delivering the colloidal substance and/or the medium. Preferably the release valve comprises a controllable release valve.
To further prevent unintentional discharge of the nebulizer, in one embodiment the nebulizer of the present invention comprises a blocking element. Such a blocking element is designed for blocking the valve in at least one position. A blocking element can for example consist of a lever or slide mechanism, in which the lever or the slide mechanism is placed in a blocking position in the space formed between the bottom edge of the nozzle and the top edge of the container. In this way the lever or the slide mechanism prevents the nozzle from being pressed in to open the valve and activate the nebulizer. The nebulizer can be unlocked by removing the lever or the slide mechanism from the space formed between the bottom edge of the nozzle and the top edge of the container. In the unlocked position the nozzle can be pressed in to open the valve and activate the nebulizer.
It has been found that the nebulizer according to the present invention is extremely well suited for the topical application of a cooling medium. For this purpose the container of the nebulizer is filled with a liquid which cools the skin by evaporation when applied to the skin. In the case of various skin problems, the local withdrawal of heat from the skin can have a remediating or at least an alleviating effect. Examples of skin problems wherein the local cooling of the skin has a remediating or at least an alleviating effect comprise for example (topical) burns, pustules (for example caused by acne), itching (for example nettle rash) and skin irritation due to an insect bite. If very low temperatures can be achieved during the topical application of a cooling medium to the skin, it is also possible to treat skin conditions such as warts. The treatment of skin conditions such as warts preferably takes place at temperatures below the freezing point.
The above-described treatment of skin conditions by the application of a cooling medium to the skin of a person or animal is better known as cryotherapy. In cryotherapy use is frequently made of liquid nitrogen (boiling point: −196° C.) applied with a cotton swab or a nozzle specially designed for the application of nitrogen. Under the marked change in temperature and/or ambient pressure the nitrogen evaporates on contact with the skin, with the result that the skin cools markedly. In addition to liquid nitrogen, use can also be made of a cooling medium with a considerably higher boiling point, such as dimethyl ether, propane and mixtures thereof (boiling point: −57° C.). Mixtures with such boiling points are commercially available.
The ability to apply a cooling medium in a directed manner prevents the surrounding skin, which does not need to be treated, from coming into contact with the cooling medium. Especially when temperatures below the freezing point are used, it is desirable to prevent contact of the surrounding skin with the cooling medium in order to increase the user's comfort. Since freezing of the cooling medium starts as soon as it leaves the nozzle, if the bore of the nozzle is too small, the nozzle will become blocked by frozen cooling medium. By creating a nebulizer in which the valve comprises a mixing chamber that is designed for the immediate formation of a colloidal mixture, cooling medium can be applied to the skin to be treated in a directed manner without requiring a nozzle bore size that can result in clogging of the nozzle.
The valve of the nebulizer according to the present invention is preferably designed for the uninterrupted, i.e., continuous, application of cooling medium. Through the uninterrupted, continuous, delivery of the cooling medium a lower temperature can be achieved than is usual at this time. With a metered dose, i.e., a predetermined quantity, limited cooling of the skin is accomplished. This limited cooling generally achieves a temperature of down to −20° C. Through the uninterrupted delivery of the cooling medium a temperature of below −20° C. can be achieved. Preferably the temperature achieved is below −30° C. Through the uninterrupted delivery of cooling medium a temperature can be achieved which corresponds to the boiling point of the propellant gas, but it is also possible to reach temperatures that are below the boiling point of the propellant gas, for example by further expansion of the propellant gas. For example a temperature of approximately −50° C. can be achieved with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a, boiling point: −26.3° C.) as propellant gas.
In one variant embodiment the cooling medium comprises at least one active compound comprising an antiviral agent, terpene and/or essential oil. The advantage of a cooling medium comprising at least one active compound is that in addition to cooling the skin of the user, the skin is also treated with an active compound that has an additional remediating effect.
Preferably the terpene and the essential oil are chosen from camphor, menthol, thymol, thyme oil, eucalyptus, eucalyptus citriodora, turpentine, pine oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, menthone, menthyl salicylate, musk oil, bixa orellana, borneol, curcuma oil, peppermint oil, clove oil, fennel oil, basil oil, patchouli oil, alpha-pinene, terpineol, oregano oil, carvacrol and combinations thereof.
The antiviral agents preferably comprise replication inhibitors, such as cidofovir, acyclovir, pencyclovir and the like. However, other antiviral agents may also be considered.
The cooling medium of the device of the present invention preferably contains a propellant gas which comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons. In one embodiment the propellant gas comprises a cooling agent, in particular a cooling agent with a boiling point below −10° C. Examples of suitable cooling agents of this type comprise propane, n-butane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethyl ether, dimethyl ether/propane mixtures and combinations thereof. As was stated in the preceding, the contents of the container are preferably kept under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in order to achieve rapid evaporation of the propellant gas upon application of the cooling medium to the skin.
The present invention further provides a spacer that can be connected to the nebulizer as described above. Specifically it has been found that, for example, if a cooling medium is used to cool the skin to be treated, the temperature to be reached depends on the distance between the nozzle of the nebulizer and the surface to be treated. Therefore the invention provides a spacer which is designed for adjustment of the distance between the nozzle of the nebulizer and the surface to be treated. By positioning the nozzle at a greater distance from the surface to be treated, a lower temperature can be achieved than if the surface to be treated is located at a shorter distance from the nozzle. For this purpose the spacer preferably comprises a displacing element for adjustment of the distance between the surface to be treated and the nozzle, i.e., varying the length of the spacer in the lengthwise direction.
The present invention also provides a spacer that can be connected to the nebulizer described above, wherein the spacer is connected to a cover means provided with an opening and wherein the center axis of the stream or spray to be generated by the nebulizer extends through the opening. The spacer is also designed for fixing the minimal distance between the nozzle attached to the nebulizer and the opening provided in the cover means, wherein the size of the opening provided in the cover means is variable.
The spacer of the present invention has the advantage that as a result of the ability to vary the size of the opening provided in the cover means, the liquid to be applied to a surface, such as a cooling medium, and/or the solid, such as a coating, can be regulated. In consequence it is possible by means of the spacer of the present invention to accurately determine the surface to be treated. In this way it is possible to prevent the surrounding surface, which is not to be treated, from coming into contact with the liquid and/or solid material. In particular, when a cooling medium such as that described above is used, wherein temperatures below the freezing point are achieved, it is desirable to prevent contact of the surrounding skin with the cooling medium in order to enhance comfort for the user.
In one embodiment the valve and/or the nozzle of the nebulizer that can be connected to the spacer can be coupled with an actuating element, which actuating element is integrated in the spacer. In one embodiment variant the spacer comprises an actuating element that extends outside of the spacer. Such an actuating element can, for example, be made in the form of a control button or lever. The actuation of a stream or spray can be accomplished by pressing the control button or moving the lever. To permit easy operation of the spacer and the nebulizer that can be coupled to it, the actuating element is preferably integrated in the spacer. In such a variant embodiment wherein the actuating element is integrated in the spacer, it is possible to actuate the generation of a stream or medium by pressing the container of the nebulizer toward the spacer. The application of a stream or spray, for example a cooling medium, to the skin in such a manner prevents the initial position of the spacer set by the user and the opening located in the cover means relative to the surface to be treated, such as the skin, from being changed unintentionally at the time of actuation of the nebulizer. In addition, upon removal of the nebulizer, whether deliberately or unintentionally, the inlet of the stream or spray will be blocked. Such an integration of the actuating element in the spacer therefore prevents the unintentional application of a liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a solid substance, such as a coating, to surrounding surfaces such as the skin or sensitive organs such as the eye of the user, to the benefit of safety for the user and the accuracy of the process.
As was already mentioned above, the spacer of the present invention is designed for fixing the minimal distance between the nozzle of the container and the surface to be treated or the opening provided in the cover means. In one embodiment the distance between the nozzle of the container and the surface to be treated or the opening provided in the cover means is approximately 0.5 cm to approximately 8.0 cm. It should be noted that to be able to optimally apply a cooling medium to the skin of a person or animal, the distance is preferably approximately 0.5 cm to approximately 7.0 cm, approximately 1.0 cm to approximately 4.0, approximately 1.5 cm to approximately 3.0 cm or approximately 2.0 cm.
The spacer of the present invention may take various shapes. Preferably the shape of the spacer provides that the stream or spray to be generated will have clear access to the opening formed in the cover means connected with the spacer. The shape of the spacer can therefore be selected from a cylinder, truncated cone, hyperboloid of one sheet, elliptical paraboloid and variants thereof. The spacer can have a completely closed shape, which prevents the user from accidentally touching the stream or spray for example with the fingers during the application of the stream or spray onto a surface to be treated. However, the spacer can also be provided with openings or a very open shape to facilitate actuation of the valve by the user and/or to promote evaporation of for example the propellant gas or cooling medium or to observe the stream more clearly.
Like the spacer, the cover means connected to the spacer can assume various shapes. Preferably the size of the cover means is greater than the maximal bore size that the stream or spray can assume upon reaching the opening introduced in the cover means. Preferably the cover means is integrated in the form of the spacer.
In one variant embodiment according to the present invention the cover means comprises at least two screen parts movable relative to one another into at least two different positions. Such screen parts are provided for enclosing openings with different dimensions when the screen parts are brought into different positions. The screen parts of the present invention can have different shapes. In one variant embodiment the screen parts overlap one another in all positions. Preferably the screen parts form a diaphragm. A diaphragm of this type provides the possibility for the user to accurately establish the area to be treated.
In one variant embodiment the cover means comprises at least one screen element adjustable strip provided with openings of different dimensions. Preferably the adjustable strip can be moved by guide means belonging to the cover means and/or spacer. Such a screen element in the form of an adjustable strip provides the possibility to create openings with different (predetermined) shapes. In addition, the use of an adjustable strip with openings of different dimensions decreases the likelihood of jamming of the different screen parts as a result of repeated use of the device. Preferably the adjustable strip comprises an adjusting knob for manually moving the adjustable strip.
The opening provided in the cover means according to the present invention, which is bisected by the center axis of the stream, is preferably larger than the largest opening provided in the adjustable strip.
In addition it is possible to arrange the adjustable strip in such a manner that in at least one position the adjustable strip is not provided with an opening through which it is possible to close the opening provided in the cover means. Such a position of the adjustable strip therefore prevents unintentional contact with the stream or spray to be generated by the nebulizer if the nebulizer is accidentally activated.
In an embodiment wherein the actuating element is integrated in the spacer, the spacer is preferably connected to the blocking element, such as a delimiting ring which is placed around the container and provided with a groove extending radially around the center axis, in which the spacer can be rotated radially around the center axis of the nebulizer. Axial movement of the spacer is blocked by the delimiting ring, thus preventing unintentional actuation of the nebulizer. In at least one position the blocking element is provided with an unlocking part, such as a groove extending in the axial direction connected with the groove extending in the radial direction, which makes possible axial movement of the spacer and actuation of the device.
The invention also relates to an assembly comprising the above described nebulizer and the above described spacer, wherein the nebulizer is connected to the spacer. Preferably the container of the nebulizer is provided with a cooling agent for the treatment of a wart located on the skin of a person or animal wherein the opening provided in the cover means is sized so as to only expose the wart. The treatment wherein the opening of the device is sized so as to only expose the wart provides the possibility of only treating the wart without the surrounding skin simultaneously coming into contact with the cooling medium, which increases the comfort for the user.
The present invention further provides a method for the topical cooling of the skin of a person or animal, with the aid of the spacer according to the present invention which can be connected to the nebulizer according to the present invention, comprising the following steps:
In an embodiment of the method according to the present invention, after placing the cover means of the spacer on the skin, the one opening is brought into overlap with the center axis of the nebulizer, wherein the size of the opening corresponds to the size of the area to be cooled.
During step b) the cooling medium can also be supplied in predetermined quantities. However, it is preferred for the cooling medium to be delivered without interruption in step b). Through the uninterrupted, continuous delivery of the cooling medium a lower temperature can be achieved than is usual at this time. Limited cooling of the skin is achieved with a metered dose, such as a predetermined quantity. This limited cooling generally achieves a temperature of down to −20° C. By uninterrupted delivery of the cooling medium a temperature of below −20° C. can be achieved. Preferably the temperature achieved is below −30° C. Through the uninterrupted delivery of cooling medium a temperature can be achieved which corresponds to the boiling point of the propellant gas, or even a temperature below the boiling point of the propellant gas.
In an embodiment of the method according to the present invention the delivery of the cooling medium is released during pressing of the valve and/or nozzle of the nebulizer.
The present invention furthermore provides a cooling medium for use in a nebulizer and/or the assembly according to the present invention, comprising a colloidal mixture comprising a liquid and/or solid material and a propellant gas and at least one active compound. Preferably the active compound comprises a substance that has antiviral activity. The cooling medium according to the present invention has the advantage that in addition to the remediating and/or alleviating effect from cooling the skin of the user by the propellant gas, the skin is also treated with an active compound that has a supplemental remediating effect. Thus an assembly of this type provides the possibility of allowing specific treatment for specific skin conditions. In an embodiment of the present invention the cooling medium comprises an active compound comprising an antiviral agent, terpene and/or essential oil.
As was stated previously, the antiviral agent can preferably comprise replication inhibitors such as cidofovir, acyclovir, pencyclovir and the like. However, other antiviral agents are also conceivable. If an active compound consisting of terpene and/or essential oils is used, they are preferably selected from camphor, menthol, thymol, thyme oil, eucalyptus, eucalyptus citriodora, turpentine, pine oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, menthone, menthyl salicylate, musk oil, bixa orellana, borneol, curcuma oil, peppermint oil, clove oil, fennel oil, basil oil, patchouli oil, alpha-pinene, terpineol, oregano oil, carvacrol and combinations thereof.
As was previously stated, the cooling medium may comprise a propellant gas which comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons. In one embodiment the propellant gas comprises a cooling agent, in particular, a cooling agent with a boiling point below −10° C. Examples of such suitable cooling agents comprise propane, n-butane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethyl ether, dimethyl ether/propane mixture and combinations thereof. As was stated in the preceding, the contents of the container are preferably kept under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in order to achieve rapid evaporation of the propellant gas during the application of the cooling medium to the skin.
The present invention also provides a cooling medium for the treatment of a wart on the skin of a person or animal.
The nebulizer according to the present invention can be used for various applications. In order to further clarify the use of the nebulizer according to the present invention, some specific application information will be presented here. It should be noted that the following list of applications is nonlimiting. Specifically, the nebulizer may be used for the application of a colorant, such as a pigment or dye, a lubricating agent, or an adhesive, such as glue, to a surface. The nebulizer can also be used for the application of cosmetics, such as eye shadow or foundation, or a therapeutically active substance to a body surface such as the skin. In addition the nebulizer according to the present invention can be used for the application of a cleaning agent to a surface to be cleaned or the application of a filler into a cavity to be filled.
The nebulizer according to the present invention is more preferably used for the treatment of skin conditions, such as pigmented spots or moles, and/or the disinfection of wounds.
In the following, the present invention will be explained further based on the accompanying drawings, which show the following:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013186 | Jul 2014 | NL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2015/050517 | 7/15/2015 | WO | 00 |
