The present application is a U.S. national phase entry of pending International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2013/067361, international filing date Aug. 21, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present invention generally relates to valve devices of the type used in the handling and administration of fluids, and more particularly to a needlefree medical valve device adapted to be used in any type of tube connection such as between the different kinds of ports and syringes, catheters, pumps, or the like which are used in the administration of all kinds of fluids. Examples of such administration are intravenous, enteral or parenteral delivery of fluids to or from a body.
Needlefree valve connectors are known in the art of reducing the accidental needle stick exposure to medical personnel, reducing the risk of contamination and patient infection due to repeat needle sticks to the ports, and providing easy connection and disconnection without compromising sterility.
EP 2 269 687 A2 discloses a connector for controlling the flow of fluid the construction of which is complex and comprises a number of limitations.
Some of the known needlefree medical connectors are repeatedly connectable with a range of other medical implements and are self-sealing when disconnected from other medical implements. Examples of such needlefree medical connectors are disclosed in WO 2010/111546 A2, WO 2006/062912 A1, and WO 2012/151222 A1 which is “configured to operate similar to the valve stem shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,651,956” incorporated therein. The structures of these connectors are complex, thus leading to high manufacturing costs.
Different types of connectors are used throughout various kinds of medical fields such as intravenous administration, enteral or parenteral administration, for the taking of blood samples, for artificial ventilation or respiration and the like. These different types of connections must not be mixed up because lethal misconnections must be avoided. Therefore, there are standardized configurations which are intended to regulate the usage of different connectors with different sizes such that misconnections cannot occur.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to remedy or reduce at least one of the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a needlefree valve device or connector having a relatively simple structure, which offers a wide variety of connection possibilities and is also self-sealing when disconnected from other ports.
According to an aspect of the invention, a needlefree valve device for controlling the flow of fluid in a pathway is provided, the connector being operable in a closed and in an open configuration and comprising a first component, a second component, a locking mechanism configured to selectively engage the first component with the second component in the open configuration when the first component is displaced in an opening direction along a valve axis toward the second component or in the closed configuration when the first component is displaced against the opening direction away from the second component, and a sealing component having a resilient portion, the resilient portion comprising at least one slit and engaging the second component to provide a seal in the closed configuration, wherein the resilient portion is adapted to move, buckle or flex to enable fluid flow through the at least one slit upon application of a mechanical force of the second component on the resilient portion against the opening direction when assuming the open configuration, and wherein the resilient portion is adapted to return the valve device to the closed configuration when the mechanical force is no longer applied.
The structure of the valve device (it can also be said to be a valve connector as in the previously mentioned prior art documents) is rather simple since it is comprised of only three main components which are produced using known technologies such as injection molding. Also, the setup, managing and handling of the valve device is free of complex procedural steps. In the closed position of the valve device, the second component and the resilient portion provide a sufficient sealing of the valve due to the slight pretension when the second component and the resilient portion are engaged with each other. This keeps the flexible and elastic material of the resilient portion compressed so that any fluid is prevented from flowing through the passageway. Further, the simple structure of the valve device offers various possibilities for the design of the connecting ports of the first and the second component. Thus, a large number of standardized or customized connector types including tube mating ports may be applied to either end of the valve device.
Preferably, the first component, the second component and the sealing component are substantially axially symmetric with respect to the valve axis and the locking mechanism is configured such that the first component is rotatable around the valve axis by a predetermined angle. As a large number of connector types, particularly in the medical field, have a circular cross-section and, for example, use threaded connecting portions or bayonet-type connections, the valve device of the present invention supports these kinds of connections where two components are connected by pressing the ports onto one another and subsequently turning the ports in a clockwise direction with respect to one another. Similar considerations apply for disconnecting two components in the counterclockwise direction. Thus, the valve device is highly compatible with practically any type of connector, particularly in the medical field.
It is preferred that the locking member (also referred to herein as a “locking mechanism”) comprises a latch arranged on the second component adapted to engage with at least one corresponding recess in the first component (also referred to herein interchangeably as “locking-member engagers”). By this possibility to lock the valve device in the open or in the closed position, the safety of the valve device is highly increased. Particularly in the closed, locked position, the valve device can be disconnected from or connected to another component. The combination of a latch in engagement with a recess is only one possibility for the locking mechanism interlocking the first component with the second component. Other locking mechanisms such as a bayonet-type coupling may also be used.
It is especially preferred that the recess comprises a rectangular shape and a locking arm extending in a circumferential direction such that the latch of the second component is adapted to engage with the locking arm in the open and in the closed configuration. This structure of the locking mechanism takes into account that many connector types use threaded portions on at least one port. In a case where the first component includes a male Luer lock port, the corresponding female Luer component is screwed onto said male Luer lock port in a clockwise direction. When the user continues to connect the first component, now connected to the female Luer component, to the second component, the clockwise movement is generally continued such that the latch of the second component engages with the portion of the recess which is in the opening direction of the valve device, i.e. below the locking arm when the second component is generally located below the first component, until the stop is reached. In this position, the valve device is in the closed configuration, and it is a relatively stable configuration due to the fact that any force of opening the valve device must first counter the force inherent to the resilient portion. From this closed configuration the user can exert an (axial) force onto the first component to close the valve. Thus, a “self-opening” movement of the valve device without the use of a dedicated axial force is not possible. Such a dedicated axial opening force will disengage the latch from the lower recess portion and bring it in engagement with the upper recess portion, i.e. with the portion of the recess above the locking arm when the second component is generally located below the first component. It must be noted that the full functionality of the locking mechanism will be explained in detail with respect to the drawings below.
In a further preferred embodiment, the locking arm includes a spring element at its free end functioning as a stop for the latch in an axial direction. This will hold the latch in the lower portion of the recess, i.e. the closed configuration, in the case where the first component is rotated counterclockwise with respect to the second component, because the spring element works as stop for the latch. However, in the case where the valve device is in the open configuration, the inherent restoring forces of the resilient portion will cause the valve device to assume the closed position because the spring element will give in due to its elasticity to the inherent closing force. In other words, the spring element of the locking arm works as stop against inadvertent opening or self-opening forces but will yield when the self-closing forces are applied. This feature therefore supports the self-sealing function of the valve device when counterclockwise rotation on the first component is performed for disconnection.
As an additional or alternative feature to the spring element feature of the locking arm the sealing component further comprises at least one resilient retention element arranged at its outer surface adapted to axially slide in at least one corresponding axial recess located in the inner surface of the second component. The important technical effect of this feature is the restoring force in the circumferential direction, i.e. the rotational forces which will cause the first component to move around the valve axis back into its original position where the resilient retention element is axially completely aligned with the corresponding axial recess of the second component. It should be noted that the sliding movement of the retention element within the axial recess in the axial direction is essential. In other words, the dimensions of the recess and the retention element must be such that the axial movement is ensured but that a rotation is still possible.
Preferably, the sealing component including the resilient portion and the resilient retention element are made of silicone rubber material. Silicone rubber is a well-known material for medical applications. It is relatively cheap and easy to manufacture, and comprises resilient characteristics among other characteristics which are beneficial in the medical field such as low toxicity, thermal stability, does not support microbiological growth, etc. It should be noted that other suitable materials may be used such as silicone-based deformable materials, thermoplastic elastomer material (TPE) or the like. Also, it is possible that the material of the resilient portion and/or the resilient retention element is not identical to the material of the rest of the sealing component. In other words, separate components could be arranged so as to form the sealing component having the resilient portion and the resilient retention element.
It is further preferred that the resilient portion comprises a hemispherical surface having one slit or at least two slits each extending from a central point on the hemispherical surface. The hemispherical or generally arcuate, dome-shaped surface is best suited for any type of cylinder-type valve device having a circular cross-section. Other shapes such as an ellipsoidal shape or any other surfaces of revolution are also envisioned. One slit through the central point of the hemisphere already provides sufficient area for fluid flow when a mechanical force is applied on the surface. At the same time, the restoring forces are high. A plurality of slits extending from this central point provide an even larger opening and thus a larger passageway for the fluid while the restoring forces are still high enough to ensure the self-closing capabilities of the valve device.
It must further be noted that a “slit” in the resilient portion in the context of the present invention relates to a thin, narrow cut which enables the cutting surfaces to contact each other in a sealing fashion. The properties of the resilient material such as silicone rubber are such that the restoring forces provide a sufficient fluid-tight sealing function. Further, the thickness of the material of the resilient portion need not be equal over its entire surface: it is possible that the side walls are substantially thicker than the hemispherical portion of the sealing component. In general, the resilient portion shall be configured to substantially retain the same initial shape upon removing any mechanical force from its surface so as to provide the necessary fluid tightness.
It is preferred that the first and/or second component comprises a medical connecting portion such as a male Luer lock entry, male Luer lock exit, female Luer lock entry, female Luer lock exit, a catheter exit, and the like. A large variety of connections can be applied to the distal ends of the first and second components providing an extensive flexibility. It is noted that the valve mechanism of the present invention may also be applied in other fields than medical connectors such as hydraulic or other connectors where the advantageous characteristics of the subject matter of the present invention can be beneficial.
It is further preferred that the sealing component comprises a flange portion connected to the first component in a press fit. Such a connection ensures that moving the first component with respect to the second component always includes the movement of the sealing component, particularly any axial and rotational movement. Therefore, the forces of a press fit must be such that the sealing component is continuously held tight on the first component. It is to be noted that such a press fit may also be achieved by additional supporting members such as a clamp or bracket or by any other suitable means. Optionally, a glue may be used to support the press fit of the sealing component on the first component. The flange portion of the sealing component may be configured to press fit into a corresponding groove on the first component.
Preferably, the latch comprises a grip portion extending through the recess beyond the outer surface of the first component wherein pressing the grip portion will release the engagement of the latch with the recess.
The above object, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description presented in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Second component 9 is also embodied as a substantially cylindrically shaped sleeve adapted to fit within the inner diameter of first component 3. Second component 9 comprises a valve end 13, a connector end 11 and two latches 12 arranged on opposite sides of the outer surface of second component 9. The latches 12 extend substantially from the connector end 11 of the second component 9 parallel to the longitudinal axis of second component 9 and each comprise a grip protrusion 14 extending radially outward from the valve end 13.
Sealing component 15 which is in the operating position arranged between first component 3 and second component 9 comprises also a substantially cylindrical shape with a flange portion 17 at the end towards the first component 3, a substantially cylindrical middle portion and a resilient portion 19 located at the end which is near the second component 9. The flange portion 17 is adapted to be connected to first component 3 near valve end 7 inside the sleeve-like first component 3 in a press fit configuration. This means that when the sealing component 15 is connected to first component 3, a movement of the first component 3 will also cause sealing component 15 to move because both components are tightly fixed to each other.
The latches 12 with their grip protrusions 14 are adapted to be inserted into the recesses 21 on first component 3 when the valve device 1 according the invention is operable. In the following, the function of this first embodiment of the valve device will be explained in more detail with respect to
During the movement of first component 3 towards second component 9 in the opening direction indicated with arrow 23, the contact surface in the lower portion of second component 9 will come into contact with the outer surface of the resilient portion 19 of sealing component 15. Since the resilient portion 19 comprises four slits 26 at the very end of the resilient portion 19, pressing the resilient portion 19 will give away to the mechanical force exerted by the contact surface 20 which is a circular surface on second component 9, on the outer surface of the resilient portion 19 which can be seen in
Recess 21 of first component 3 comprises a substantially rectangular configuration with a larger extension in the circumferential direction than in the axial direction parallel to the opening axis 23. Approximately in the middle of the longitudinal extension of recess 21 there is a locking arm 22 extending in a circumferential direction into recess 21 giving recess 21 a U-shape wherein the “U” is rotated by 90° with respect to the valve axis 4. In the embodiment shown as the second embodiment in
The difference between the first and the second embodiment with respect to the latch 12 is that in the second embodiment of
Before going into detail regarding the
Considering this for the local interaction of latch 12 within recess 21 and locking arm 22, this means that in the closed position of
This counterclockwise rotation brings latch 12 into the configuration depicted in
In essence, when a user tries to disconnect the valve device 1 according to the second embodiment of the invention from the other component which is connected to first component 3 out of the open configuration shown in
The resulting configuration, which is still a closed configuration, is depicted in
The other possibility of movement for latch 12 out of the closed configuration depicted in
The difference between the fourth and the second or third embodiment lies therein that the sealing component 15 comprises two resilient retention elements 25 located in the cylindrical outer surface of the sealing component 15 which fit into corresponding axial recesses 18 arranged in the inner surface of the second component 9. In the shown embodiment the axial recesses run parallel to the longitudinal valve axis 4 of the valve device 1, and the function of these axial recesses 18 of which there are two on opposite sides of the second component 9 is to enable a rather smooth axial movement of the resilient retention elements 25 in the axial recesses 18 but to prevent a sliding out of the resilient retention elements 25 out of the axial recesses 18 when there is a rotational force around the valve axis 4 applied on the sealing component 15 which is firmly connected to first component 3.
In the two major configurations, the open and the closed configuration of the fourth embodiment, the position of first component 3 and second component 9 are such that they are essentially identical to the positions depicted in
It is the function of this retention mechanism that the positions of latch 12 on the right hand side of recess 21 are always assumed when a further component is disconnected from the connection port of the first component 3 or of the connection port of second component 9. The counterclockwise rotational movement to disconnect a threaded connector is countered by the retention force of the retention element 25 of sealing component 15.
It should be noted that the fourth embodiment with two retention elements 25 on sealing component 15 and the two corresponding recesses 18 in the second component 9 is only exemplary; there could be only one retention mechanism or more than two retention mechanisms. The number of such retention mechanisms will depend e.g. on the used material of the retention element 25 and the required retention force(s).
The advantage of the locking mechanism including the retention mechanism between the sealing component 15 and the second component 9 is that rotating forces of the first component 3 will always be countered by the retention forces caused by the retention elements 25 of the sealing component 15 such that the user needs not bother about an inadvertent opening of the valve. It is thus ensured that upon connecting or disconnecting a third component to first component 3 on its connection port that in the closed position the valve device 1 will not open, and in the open position, the valve device will 1 automatically move into the closed position because of the self-restoring force of the resilient portion 19 of the sealing component 15 and due to the retention force of the retention elements 25 of sealing component 15.
With the subject matter of the present invention a needlefree valve device has been provided which comprises a relatively simple structure, offers a wide variety of connection possibilities and is also self-sealing when disconnected from other ports.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2013/067361 | 8/21/2013 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2015/024594 | 2/26/2015 | WO | A |
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Entry |
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International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/EP2013/067361. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20160199634 A1 | Jul 2016 | US |