Nematic liquid crystal composition

Abstract

A liquid crystal composition exhibits a positive dielectric anisotropy and sufficiently low viscosity without decreasing or increasing refractive index anisotropy or nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature, and does not cause display failures. The liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and one or more compounds selected from a group of compounds represented by general formula (LC1) to general formula (LC5), in which the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds in which at least one of A01, A02, and A11 to A42 in general formulae (LC0) to (LC4) represents a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition useful as an electro-optic liquid crystal display material and having positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈).

BACKGROUND ART

Liquid crystal display devices are being used in watches, calculators, various measurement instruments, automobile panels, word processors, electronic organizers, printers, computers, televisions, clocks, advertising boards, etc. Typical examples of the liquid crystal display mode include TN (twisted nematic) mode, STN (super twisted nematic) mode, a VA mode featuring vertical alignment using TFTs (thin film transistors), and an IPS (in-plane switching) mode/FFS mode featuring horizontal alignment. Liquid crystal compositions used in these liquid crystal display devices are required to be stable against external factors such as moisture, air, heat, and light, stay in a liquid crystal phase in a temperature range as wide as possible centered around room temperature, exhibit low viscosity, and operate at a low drive voltage. A liquid crystal composition is composed of several to dozens of compounds in order to optimize the dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), refractive index anisotropy (Δn), and/or other properties for individual display devices.

A vertical alignment-mode display uses a liquid crystal composition having a negative Δ∈. A horizontal alignment-mode display such as a TN, STN, or IPS-mode display uses a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈. In recent years, a drive mode with which a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈ is vertically aligned under absence of applied voltage and an image is displayed by applying an IPS/FFS-mode electric field has been reported and the necessity for a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈ is increasing. Meanwhile, low-voltage driving, high-speed response, and wide operation temperature range are required in all driving modes. In other words, Δ∈ that is positive and has a large absolute value, a low viscosity (η), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T_ni) are desirable. Moreover, due to the setting of Δn×d, which is the product of Δn and a cell gap (d), it is necessary to adjust the Δn of the liquid crystal composition to be within an appropriate range according to the cell gap. In addition, since high-speed response is important in applying a liquid crystal display device to a television or the like, a liquid crystal composition with a small γ₁ is required.

Liquid crystal compositions that use a compound having a positive Δ∈ and represented by formula (A-1) or (A-2) as a constitutional component of a liquid crystal composition have been disclosed (PTL 1 to PTL 4). However, these liquid crystal compositions do not achieve sufficiently low viscosity.

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

PTL 1: WO96/032365

PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 09-157202

PTL 3: WO98/023564

PTL 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-183656

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that has refractive index anisotropy (Δn) adjusted to a desired level and a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and exhibits sufficiently low viscosity (η) without degrading the nematic phase temperature range by suppressing the decrease in the nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T_ni) and the increase in lower limit temperature of the nematic phase.

Solution to Problem

The inventors of the present invention have studied various fluorobenzene derivatives and found that the object can be achieved by combining specific compounds. Thus, the present invention has been made.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and containing one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and one or more compounds selected from a group of compounds represented by general formula (LC1) to general formula (LC5), wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds in which at least one of A⁰¹, A⁰², and A¹¹ to A⁴² in general formulae (LC0) to (LC4) represents a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group:

(In the formulae, R⁰¹ to R⁴¹ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms where one or more —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may each be substituted with a halogen; R⁵¹ and R⁵² each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms where one or more —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, and may each represent —OCF₃ or —CF₃— when A⁵¹ or A⁵³ described below represents a cyclohexane ring; A⁰¹ to A⁴² each independently represent any one of structures below:

(In the structures, one or more —CH₂— in the cyclohexane ring may each be substituted with —O— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other; in the structures, one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may each be substituted with —N═ so long as nitrogen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other; and X⁶¹ and X⁶² each independently represent —H, —Cl, —F, —CF₃, or —OCF₃); A⁵¹ to A⁵³ each independently represent any one of structures below:

(In the formulae, one or more —CH₂CH₂— in the cyclohexane ring may each be substituted with —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂— and one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may each be substituted with —N═ so long as nitrogen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other); X⁰¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; X¹¹ to X⁴³ each independently represent —H, —Cl, —F, —CF₃, or —OCF₃; Y each Y⁰¹ to Y⁴¹ represent —Cl, —F, —OCHF₂, —CF₃, or —OCF₂; Z⁰¹ and Z⁰² each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—; Z³¹ to Z⁴² each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O— where at least one of Z³¹ and Z³² that are present represents a group other than a single bond; Z⁵¹ and Z⁵² each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂— or —CF₂O—; m⁰¹ to m⁵¹ each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; m⁰¹+m⁰², m³¹+m³², and m⁴¹+m⁴² are each independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and when a plurality of A⁰¹, A⁰³, A²³, A³¹, A³², A⁴¹, A⁴², A⁵², Z⁰¹, Z⁰², Z³¹, Z³², Z⁴¹, Z⁴², and/or Z⁵² are present, they may be the same or different).

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention features a positive Δ∈ having a large absolute value. Moreover, η is low, the rotational viscosity (γ₁) is small, the liquid crystal properties are excellent, and a stable liquid crystal phase is achieved over a wide temperature range. Moreover, the liquid crystal composition is chemically stable against heat, light, water, etc., can be driven at a low voltage, is practical, and has high reliability.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

A liquid crystal composition according to the invention of the present application contains one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) above and one or more compounds selected from a compound group consisting of compounds represented by general formulae (LC1) to (LC5). Since a liquid crystal composition containing compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and compounds represented by general formulae (LC1) to (LC5) exhibits a stable liquid crystal phase even at low temperature, the liquid crystal composition can be regarded as a practical liquid crystal composition.

In general formulae (LC0) to (LC5), R⁰¹ to R⁵² preferably each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and are preferably linear. When R⁰¹ to R⁵² are to represent alkenyl groups, selection is preferably made from groups represented by formulae (R1) to (R5):

(In each formula, the black dot represents a bonding point to a ring.)

In the case where A⁰¹, A⁰¹, A²¹, A³¹, A⁴¹, A⁵¹, and A⁵³ each represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, groups represented by formulae (R1), (R2), and (R4) are more preferable. It is yet more preferable to contain one or more compounds represented by general formula (LC5) in which at least one selected from R⁵¹ and R⁵³ represents an alkenyl group represented by a formula selected from formulae (R1) to (R5). A⁰¹ to A⁴² preferably each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group. In the case where some of A⁰¹ to A⁴² are to represent a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, A⁰¹, A¹¹, A²¹, A³¹, and A⁴¹ preferably represent this group. Examples of preferable compounds containing a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group include compounds represented by general formula (LC0-7) to general formula (LC0-9), general formula (LC0-23), general formula (LC0-24), general formula (LC0-26), general formula (LC0-27), general formula (LC0-20), general formula (LC0-40), general formula (LC0-51) to general formula (LC0-53), general formula (LC0-110), general formula (LC0-111), general formula (LC2-9) to general formula (LC2-14), general formula (LC3-23) to general formula (LC3-32), general formula (LC4-12) to general formula (LC4-14), general formula (LC4-16), general formula (LC4-19), and general formula (LC4-22). In such a case, at least one compound selected from this compound group is more preferably contained in order to achieve the object of the present invention.

A⁵¹ to A⁵³ preferably each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or a 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group.

Z⁰¹ and Z⁰² preferably each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—. In the case where one of Z⁰¹ and Z⁰² that are present represents —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—, the other preferably represents a single bond. Z⁰¹ and Z⁰² preferably both represent a single bond.

Z³¹ to Z⁴² preferably each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—. In the case where one of Z³¹ to Z⁴² that are present represents —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—, the others preferably each represent a single bond.

Z⁵¹ and Z⁵² preferably each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—. In the case where one of Z⁵¹ and Z⁵² that are present represents —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—, the other preferably represents a single bond. More preferably, Z⁵¹ and Z⁵² both represent a single bond.

X⁰¹ in general formula (LC0) is preferably F since a significantly low viscosity (η) is achieved relative to a high dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) or the same level of dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈). X¹¹ to X⁴³ preferably each independently represent H or F, and X¹¹, X²¹, X³¹, and X⁴¹ preferably each represent F.

Y⁰¹ to Y⁴¹ particularly preferably each independently represent F, CF₃, or OCF₃. While m⁰¹ to m⁵¹ may each independently represent an integer of 0 to 23, m⁰¹+m⁰² is particularly preferably 1 or 2, m²¹ is particularly preferably 0, m³¹+m³² is particularly preferably 1, 2, or 3, and m⁴¹+m⁴² is particularly preferably 1 or 2.

The liquid crystal compound represented by general formula (LC0) is preferably a compound represented by any one of general formula (LC0-a) to (LC0-h) (in the formulae, R⁰¹, A⁰¹, A⁰², A⁰³, Z⁰¹, Z⁰², X⁰¹, and Y⁰¹ are the same as those in general formula (LC0) and when two or more A⁰¹ and A⁰³, and/or Z⁰¹ and Z⁰² are present, they may be the same or different).

More preferable are the compounds represented by general formula (LC0-1) to general formula (LC0-111) below:

(In the formulae, R is the same as R⁰¹ in general formula (LC0), “—F, CF₃, OCF₃” denotes that Y⁰¹ each independently represent one of —F, CF₃, and OCF₃, and “(—F)” denotes H or F serving as a substituent.) Compounds represented by general formula (LC0-1) to general formula (LC0-19) are particularly preferable since they have high dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), notably low viscosity (η), and good compatibility. Compounds represented by general formulae (LC0-20) to general formula (LC0-111) are particularly preferable since they have high dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈), relatively low viscosity (11), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T_ni).

The compounds represented by general formula (LC2) are more preferably compounds represented by general formula (LC2-1) to general formula (LC2-14) below:

(In the formulae, X²³, X²⁴, X²⁵, and X²⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, CF₃, or OCF₃, and X²², R²¹, and Y²¹ are the same as those in general formula (LC2)). The group of compounds represented by general formula (LC2-1) to general formula (LC2-4) and general formula (LC2-9) to general formula (LC2-11) is more preferable.

The compounds represented by general formula (LC3) are more preferably compounds represented by general formula (LC3-1) to general formula (LC3-32) below:

(In the formulae, X³³, X³⁴, X³⁵, X³⁶, X³⁷, and X³⁸ each independently represent H, Cl, F, CF₃, or OCF₃, and X³², R³¹, A³¹, Y³¹, and Z³¹ are the same as those in general formula (LC3).) Among these, the group of the compounds represented by general formula (LC3-5), general formula (LC3-15), and general formula (LC3-20) to general formula (LC3-32) is more preferably used in combination with the essential component of the present invention represented by general formula (LC0). More preferably, a compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC3-20) and general formula (LC3-21) with X³³ and X³⁴ each representing F and/or the group of tetrahydropyran-ring-containing compounds represented by general formula (LC3-25), general formula (LC3-26), and general formula (LC3-30) to general formula (LC3-32) are preferably used in combination with the essential component of the present invention represented by general formula (LC0).

The compounds represented by general formula (LC4) are more preferably compounds represented by general formula (LC4-1) to general formula (LC4-23) below:

(In the formulae, X⁴⁴, X⁴⁵, X⁴⁶, and X⁴⁷ each independently represent H, Cl, F, CF₃, or OCF₃, and X⁴², X⁴³, R⁴¹, and Y⁴¹ are the same as those in general formula (LC4).) Among these, the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC4-1) to general formula (LC4-3), general formula (LC4-6), general formula (LC4-9), general formula (LC4-10), and general formula (LC4-12) to general formula (LC4-17) are more preferably used in combination with the essential component of the present invention represented by general formula (LC0). Furthermore, among these, a compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC4-9) to general formula (LC4-11) and general formula (LC4-15) to general formula (LC4-17) with X⁴⁴ and/or X⁴⁵ representing F is more preferably used in combination with the essential component of the present invention represented by general formula (LC0).

The compounds represented by general formula (LC5) are more preferably compounds represented by general formula (LC5-1) to general formula (LC5-26) below:

(In the formulae, R⁵¹ and R⁵² are the same as those in general formula (LC5).) Among these, the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC5-1) to general formula (LC5-8), general formula (LC5-14), general formula (LC5-16), and general formula (LC5-18) to general formula (LC5-26) is particularly preferably used in combination with the essential component of the present invention represented by general formula (LC0). At least one of R⁵¹ and R⁵² in general formula (LC5-1) and general formula (LC5-4) preferably represents an alkenyl group and more preferably an alkenyl group selected from those represented by formulae (R1) to (R5) below.

One or more compounds represented by general formula (LC5) are preferably contained. The content thereof is preferably 20 to 70% by mass and more preferably 30 to 70% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains a compound represented by general formula (LC0) and a compound selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC1) to general formula (LC5). Of these compounds, at least one compound is a compound having a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group and the content thereof is preferably in the range of 5 to 50% by mass and more preferably in the range of 10 to 40% by mass. The compound having a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group which is an essential component of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is preferably a compound represented by general formula (LC0), at least one of A⁰¹ and A⁰² in general formula (LC0) preferably represents a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, and the content thereof is preferably 5 to 50% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention preferably has a viscosity η of 20 mPa·s or less at 20° C.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain one or more optically active compounds. The optically active compounds may be any capable of twisting and aligning liquid crystal molecules. Since twisting normally changes depending on temperature, plural optically active compounds may be used to obtain a desired temperature dependence. In order not to adversely affect the nematic liquid crystal phase temperature range, viscosity, and the like, it is preferable to select and use optically active compounds that have a powerful twisting effect. Examples of such optically active compounds to be contained include liquid crystals such as cholesteric nonanoate and compounds represented by general formula (Ch-1) to general formula (Ch-6) below:

(In the formulae, R_c1, R_c2, and R* each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms where one or more —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may each be substituted with a halogen; R* includes at least one optically active branched chain group or halogen substituent; Z_c1 and Z_c2 each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—; D₁ and D₂ each represent a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring where one or more —CH₂— in the cyclohexane ring may each be substituted with —O— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, one or more —CH₂CH₂— in the ring may each be substituted with —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂—, one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may each be substituted with —N═ so long as nitrogen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring may each be substituted with F, Cl, or CH₃; t₁ and t₂ each represent 0, 1, 2, or 3; and MG*, Q_c1, and Q_c2 each represent the structure below:

(In the formula, D₃ and D₄ each represent a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, one or more —CH₂— in the cyclohexane ring may each be substituted with —O— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, one or more —CH₂CH₂— in the ring may each be substituted with —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂—, one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may each be substituted with —N═ so long as nitrogen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring may each be substituted with F, Cl, or CH₃.)

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain one or more polymerizable compounds. The polymerizable compounds are preferably discotic liquid crystal compounds which have a benzene derivative, a triphenylene derivative, a truxene derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, or a cyclohexane derivative as a core at the molecular center and linear alkyl groups, linear alkoxy groups, or substituted benzoyloxy groups as side chains radially substituting the core.

To be specific, the polymerizable compounds are preferably compounds represented by general formula (PC):

(In the formula, P₁ represents a polymerizable functional group, Sp₁ represents a spacer group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, Q_p1 represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —NHCOO—, —OCONH—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —OOCO—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CH—COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, or —C≡C—, p₁ and p₂ each independently represent 1, 2, or 3, MG_p represents a mesogenic group or a mesogenic supporting group, and R_p1 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms where one or more CH₂ group in the alkyl group may each be substituted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH₃)—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, or R_p1 may represent P₂-Sp₂-Q_p2- where P₂, Sp₂, and Q_p2 are respectively the same as P₁, Sp₁, and Q_p1.)

More preferably, the polymerizable compounds are those represented by general formula (PC) with MG_p representing the following structure:

(In the formula, C₀₁ to C₀₃ each independently represent a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, a tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, a 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, a decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, a pyradine-2,5-diyl group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a 2,6-naphthylene group, a phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, a 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, a 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, or a fluorene-2,7-diyl group; the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the 2,6-naphthylene group, the phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, the 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, and the fluorene-2,7-diyl group may each have, as a substituent, one or more selected from F, Cl, CF₃, OCF₃, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkanoyl group, an alkanoyloxy group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group, an alkenoyl group, and an alkenoyloxy group; Z_p1 and Z_p2 each independently represent —COO—, —OCO—, —CH₂CH₂—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CHCOO—, —OCOCH═CH—, —CH₂CH₂COO—, —CH₂CH₂OCO—, —COOCH₂CH₂—, —OCOCH₂CH₂—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, or a single bond; and p₃ represents 0, 1, or 2.)

In the case where Sp₁ and Sp₂ each independently represent an alkylene group, the alkylene group may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms or CN and one or more CH₂ groups present in this group may each be substituted with —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH₂)—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other. P₁ and P₂ preferably each independently represent a group selected from those represented by general formulae below:

(In the formulae, R_p2 to R_p6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.)

To be more specific, the polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (PC) are preferably compounds represented by general formula (PC0-1) to general formula (PC0-6) below:[Chem. 23](P₁-Sp₁-Q_p1p1MG_pQ_p2-Sp₂-P₂)_p4  (PC0-1)(P₁-Q_p1p1MG_pQ_p2-P₂)_p4  (PC0-2)P₁-Sp₁-Q_p1-MG_p-Q_p2-Sp₂-P₂  (PC0-3)P₁-Q_p1-MG_p-Q_p2-P₂  (PC0-4)P₁-Sp₁-Q_p1-MG_p-R_p1  (PC0-5)P₁-Q_p1-MG_p-R_p1  (PC0-6)(In the formulae, p₄ each independently represent 1, 2, or 3.) The polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (PC0) are more preferably compounds represented by more specific formulae, namely, general formula (PC1-1) to general formula (PC1-9) below:

(In the formulae, p₅ represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.)

More preferable are polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (PC) to general formula (PC1-9) with Sp₁, Sp₂, Q_p1, and Q_p2 all representing single bonds, polymerizable compounds with P₁ and P₂ representing a group represented by formula (PC0-a), an acrylate, and/or a methacrylate, polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (PC0-1) and general formula (PC0-2) with p₁ and p₄ satisfying p₁+p₄=1 to 6, and polymerizable compounds represented by general formula (PC1-1) and general formula (PC1-9) with R_p1 representing F, CF₃, OCF₃, CH₃, or OCH₃, where the number of substituents R_p1 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Also preferable is a discotic liquid crystal compound represented by general formula (PC) with MG_p representing a group represented by general formula (PC1)-9.

(In the formulae, R₇ each independently represent P₁-Sp₁-Q_p1 or a substituent represented by general formula (PC1-e), R₈₁ and R₈₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group, R₈₃ represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one of hydrogen atoms in the alkoxy group is substituted with a substituent represented by any one of general formulae (PC0-a) to (PC0-d) above.) The amount of the polymerizable compounds used is preferably 0.05 to 2.0% by mass.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention containing a polymerizable compound is used to manufacture a liquid crystal composition through polymerizing the polymerizable compound. During this process, the amount of the unpolymerized components is preferably decreased to a desired level or less. A liquid crystal composition of the present invention suited for this use preferably contains a compound having a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group as a partial structure in general formula (LC0). More specifically, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 40% by mass of at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by general formula (LC0-4) to general formula (LC0-6), general formula (LC0-10) to general formula (LC0-16), and general formula (LC0-27) to general formula (LC0-107). The compound is preferably used in combination with a polymerizable compound selected from those represented by general formula (PL1-1) to general formula (PL1-3), general formula (PC1-8), and general formula (PC1-9).

The liquid crystal composition may further contain one or more antioxidants and one or more UV absorbers. The antioxidant is preferably selected from those represented by general formula (E-1) and/or general formula (E-2) below:

(In the formulae, R_e1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, one or more —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each be substituted with —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may each be substituted with a halogen;Z_e1 and Z_e2 each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, or —CF₂O—; andE₁ represents a cyclohexane ring or a benzene ring, one or more —CH₂— in the cyclohexane ring may each be substituted with —O— so long as oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, one or more —CH₂CH₂— in the ring may each be substituted with —CH═CH—, —CF₂O—, or —OCF₂—, one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may each be substituted with —N═ so long as nitrogen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring may each be substituted with F, Cl, or CH₃, and q₁ represents 0, 1, 2, or 3.)

The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention can be used in liquid crystal display devices, in particular, active matrix driving liquid crystal display devices of, for example, TN mode, OCB mode, ECB mode, IPS (including FFS electrodes) mode, or VA-IPS mode (including FFS electrodes). Here, the VA-IPS mode refers to a driving mode in which a liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈>0) is vertically aligned with respect to the substrate surface in the absence of applied voltage and liquid crystal molecules are driven by using pixel electrodes and a common electrode arranged on the same substrate surface. Since liquid crystal molecules align in a direction of the curved electric field generated by the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, it is easy to divide pixels into sub-areas to form a multi-domain structure and enhance response. Such a system is referred to as EOC, VA-IPS, etc., according to Non-Patent Literatures Proc. 13th IDW, 97 (1997), Proc. 13th IDW, 175 (1997), SID Sym. Digest, 319 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 838 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 1085 (1998), SID Sym. Digest, 334 (2000), and Eurodisplay Proc., 142 (2009). In the present invention, the name “VA-IPS” is used.

In general, the threshold voltage (Vc) of the Freedericksz transition for TN and ECB mode is determined by the following expression:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Vc}=\frac{\pi d_{\mathrm{cell}}}{d_{\mathrm{cell}}+\langle r_1\rangle }\sqrt{\frac{K11}{\mathrm{\Delta \varepsilon }}}& \left[\mathrm{Math}.1\right]\end{array}$

Vc for STN mode is determined by the following expression:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Vc}=\frac{\pi d_{\mathrm{gap}}}{d_{\mathrm{cell}}+\langle r_2\rangle }\sqrt{\frac{K22}{\mathrm{\Delta \varepsilon }}}& \left[\mathrm{Math}.2\right]\end{array}$

Vc for VA mode is determined by the following expression:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Vc}=\frac{\pi d_{\mathrm{cell}}}{d_{\mathrm{cell}}-\langle r_3\rangle }\sqrt{\frac{K33}{\mathrm{\Delta \varepsilon }}}& \left[\mathrm{Math}.3\right]\end{array}$ (In the expressions, Vc denotes the Freedericksz transition (V), π denotes the circular constant, d_cell denotes the gap (μm) between a first substrate and a second substrate, d_gap denotes the gap (μm) between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, d_ITO denotes the width (μm) of the pixel electrodes and/or the common electrode, <r1>, <r2>, and <r3> denote the extrapolation length (μm), K11 denotes the splay elastic constant (N), K22 denotes the twist elastic constant (N), K33 denotes the bend elastic constant (N), and Δ∈ denotes the dielectric anisotropy.)

It has been found that the following mathematical expression 4 is applicable to the present invention etc., for VA-IPS mode:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{Vc}\propto \frac{d_{\mathrm{gap}}-\langle r^{\prime }\rangle }{d_{\mathrm{ITO}}+\langle r\rangle }\frac{\pi d_{\mathrm{cell}}}{d_{\mathrm{cell}}-\langle r_3\rangle }\sqrt{\frac{K33}{\mathrm{\Delta \varepsilon }}}& \left[\mathrm{Math}.4\right]\end{array}$ (In the expression, Vc denotes the Freedericksz transition (V), n denotes the circular constant, d_cell denotes the gap (μm) between a first substrate and a second substrate, d_gap denotes the gap (μm) between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode, d_ITO denotes the width (μm) of the pixel electrodes and/or the common electrode, <r>, <r′>, and <r3> denote the extrapolation length (μm), K33 denotes the bend elastic constant (N), and Δ∈ denotes the dielectric anisotropy.) Mathematical expression 4 shows that the cell structure may be designed to decrease d_gap as much as possible and increase d_ITO as much as possible to achieve low drive voltage and that a liquid crystal composition having Δ∈ with a large absolute value and a low K33 may be selected as the liquid crystal composition to achieve low drive voltage.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be adjusted to exhibit desirable Δ∈, K11, K33, etc.

The product (Δn·d) of the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) of the liquid crystal composition and the gap (d) between the first substrate and the second substrate of a display device is strongly related to viewing angle characteristics and response speed. Accordingly, the gap (d) tends to be as small as 3 to 4 μm. The product (Δn·d) is particularly preferably 0.31 to 0.33 for the TN, ECB, and IPS (liquid crystal aligns substantially horizontal to the substrate surface in the absence of applied voltage) modes. For the VA-IPS mode, the product is preferably 0.20 to 0.59 and more preferably 0.30 to 0.40 if the alignment is vertical with respect to the two substrates. Since the suitable value of the product (Δn·d) differs depending on the mode of the display device, a liquid crystal composition capable of exhibiting a refractive index anisotropy (Δn) in various different ranges, such as 0.070 to 0.110, 0.100 to 0.140, or 0.130 to 0.180 is required. In order to obtain a small or relatively small refractive index anisotropy (Δn) from the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 80% by mass of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC0-1) to general formula (LC0-3), general formula (LC0-7) to general formula (LC0-9), and general formula (LC0-20) to general formula (LC0-30). In order to obtain a large or relatively large refractive index anisotropy (Δn), it is preferable to use 0.1 to 60% by mass of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC0-4) to general formula (LC0-6), general formula (LC0-10) to general formula (LC0-16), and general formula (LC0-27) to general formula (LC0-107). For the TN and ECB modes that require the liquid crystal to align substantially horizontal to the substrate surface in the absence of applied voltage, the tilt angle is preferably 0.5 to 7°. For the VA-IP mode that requires the liquid crystal to align substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface in the absence of applied voltage, the tilt angle is preferably 85 to 90°. In order to have the liquid crystal composition aligned in such a manner, alignment films composed of polyimide (PI), polyamide, chalcone, cinnamate, cinnamoyl, or the like may be provided. The alignment films are preferably formed by using an optical alignment technology. A liquid crystal composition of the present invention containing a compound represented by general formula (LC0) having a partial structure in which X⁰¹ represents F can be easily aligned along the easy axis of the alignment films and the desired tilt angle can be easily formed.

A liquid crystal composition of the present invention containing a compound represented by general formula (PC) as the polymerizable compound can be used to form a polymer-stabilized TN-mode, OCB-mode, ECB-mode, IPS-mode, or VA-IPS mode liquid crystal display device prepared by polymerizing the polymerizable compounds in the liquid crystal composition in the presence or absence of applied voltage.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be described in further detail by using Examples which do not limit the scope of the present invention. Note that the “%” for compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples below means “% by mass”.

The physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are presented as follows:

T_N-I: nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (° C.)

T-n: lower limit temperature (° C.) of nematic phase

∈⊥: dielectric constant in a direction perpendicular to the molecular long axis at 25° C.

Δ∈: dielectric anisotropy at 25° C.

no: refractive index for ordinary rays at 25° C.

Δn: refractive index anisotropy at 25° C.

Vth: voltage (V) applied to a 6 μm-thick cell at which the transmittance changes by 10% when square waves are applied at a frequency of 1 KHz at 25° C.

Viscosity: bulk viscosity (mPa·s) at 20° C.

γ₁: rotational viscosity (mPa·s)

Compounds are abbreviated as follows:

TABLE 1
n (numeral) at terminus CnH2n+1—
-2-                     —CH2CH2—
-1O-                    —CH2O—
-O1-                    —OCH2—
—V—                     —CO—
—VO—                    —COO—
—CFFO—                  —CF2O—
—F                      —F
—Cl                     —Cl
—CN                     —C≡N
—OCFFF                  —OCF3
—CFFF                   0
—OCFF                   —OCHF2
—On                     —OCnH2n+1
-T-                     —C≡C—
ndm-                    CnH2n+1—HC═CH—(CH2)m−1—
-ndm                    —(CH2)n−1—HC═CH—CmH2m+1
ndmO—                   CnH2n+1—HC═CH—(CH2)m−1—O—
—Ondm                   —O—(CH2)n−1—HC═CH—CmH2m+1

Example 1

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 2
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             15.0%
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1           15.0
2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            7.0
1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0         8.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF       10.0
3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F      5.0
3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 10.0
3-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    15.0
3-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F       10.0
Tni                     72.2
T-n                     −33.0
Vth                     1.42
γ1                      67.0
ε⊥                      3.57
Δε                      8.37
no                      1.486
Δn                      0.094
Viscosity               13.1

Comparative Example 1

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 3
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             15.0%
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1           15.0
2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            7.0
1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0         8.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF       10.0
3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F      5.0
3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 10.0
3-Pr—Ph3-1O—Ph—OCFFF    15.0
3-Pr—Ph—O1—Ph3—F        10.0
Tni                     67.0
T-n                     −33.0
Vth                     1.50
γ1                      94.0
ε⊥                      3.55
Δε                      7.87
no                      1.485
Δn                      0.093
Viscosity               20.5

This liquid crystal composition does not contain a compound represented by general formula (LC0) having a -Ph3-OCH₂— partial structure disclosed in this application. Although Example 1 has a larger dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T_ni), Example 1 has viscosity substantially lower than that of Comparative Example 1, and small γ₁. This shows that the combination of the present invention has outstanding benefits.

Example 2

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 4
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             10.0%
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1           10.0
3-Cy-Cy-2               5.0
3-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    5.0
3-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F       5.0
3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   10.0
3-Pr-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 5.0
3-Cy-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   10.0
3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F          5.0
Tni                     79.2
T-n                     −36.0
Vth                     1.38
γ1                      76.0
ε⊥                      3.86
Δε                      9.87
no                      1.485
Δn                      0.090
Viscosity               14.1

Example 3

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 5
0d1-Cy-Cy-3             10.0%
1d1-Cy-Cy-2             10.0
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             15.0
2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            2.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            3.0
3-Pr-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 5.0
3-Cy-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    10.0
3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    10.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    10.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    10.0
3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   10.0
Tni                     84.6
T-n                     −31.0
Vth                     1.43
γ1                      72.0
ε⊥                      3.71
Δε                      8.41
no                      1.488
Δn                      0.095
Viscosity               12.8

Example 4

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 6
1d1-Cy-Cy-2           10.0%
1d1-Cy-Cy-3           15.0
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1         15.0
3-Cy-Cy-2             2.0
2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1          3.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1          5.0
1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0       5.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF     5.0
3-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF  5.0
3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 10.0
3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF  10.0
3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF  5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F  10.0
Tni                   76.0
T-n                   −39.0
Vth                   1.69
γ1                    60.0
ε⊥                    3.39
Δε                    6.40
no                    1.486
Δn                    0.090
Viscosity             10.7

Example 5

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 7
Compound                Example 5
0d1-Cy-Cy-3             10.0%
1d1-Cy-Cy-2             15.0
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             15.0
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1           5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF       5.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF       5.0
3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F      5.0
3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 5.0
3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   5.0
3-Pr-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 5.0
3-Cy-Pr—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    5.0
3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    5.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
Tni                     78.9
T-n                     −36.0
Vth                     1.44
γ1                      74.0
ε⊥                      3.56
Δε                      8.22
no                      1.484
Δn                      0.081
Viscosity               13.1

Example 6

A liquid crystal composition prepared and physical properties thereof are shown below:

TABLE 8
0d1-Cy-Cy-3             10.0%
1d1-Cy-Cy-2             10.0
1d1-Cy-Cy-3             10.0
od1-Cy-Cy-1d1           10.0
3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1            7.0
1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0         8.0
3-Pr—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   10.0
3-Pr-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 10.0
3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF    10.0
3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F    5.0
3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F   10.0
Tni                     91.8
T-n                     −36.0
Vth                     1.53
γ1                      79.0
ε⊥                      3.54
Δε                      7.52
no                      1.490
Δn                      0.110
Viscosity               14.3

Example 7

A vertical alignment film was formed on a first substrate that had a pair of comb-shaped transparent electrodes. Another vertical alignment film was formed on a second substrate that had no electrode structure. The first substrate and the second substrate were formed into an IPS empty cell having a gap spacing of 4.0 μm. The liquid crystal composition of Example 1 was poured into the empty cell to prepare a liquid crystal display device.

To 99% of the liquid crystal composition of Example 1, 1% of a polymerizable compound represented by formula (PC-1)-3-1 was added and homogeneously dissolved:

As a result, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition CLC-A was obtained. The physical properties of CLC-A were substantially the same as physical properties of the liquid crystal composition of Example 1.CLC-A was held in the IPS empty cell described above. The liquid crystal cell was then irradiated with ultraviolet light using a high-pressure mercury lamp through a filter that cuts off ultraviolet rays of 300 nm or less while applying 1.8 V square waves at a frequency of 1 KHz. The irradiation was conducted for 600 seconds while adjusting the irradiation intensity at the cell surface to be 20 mW/cm². As a result, a vertical-alignment liquid crystal display device in which a polymerizable compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition was polymerized was obtained. This display device had significantly high response speed compared to the liquid crystal display device formed by using only the liquid crystal composition of Example 1.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and containing one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and one or more compounds selected from a group of compounds represented by general formula (LC1) to general formula (LC5), wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds in which at least one of A01 and A02 in general formula (LC0) represents a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group:

2. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein X01 in general formula (LC0) represents F.

3. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC2-1) to general formula (LC2-14) as the compound represented by general formula (LC2):

4. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC3-1) to general formula (LC3-32) as the compound represented by general formula (LC3):

5. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC4-1) to general formula (LC4-23) as the compound represented by general formula (LC4):

6. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (LC5-1) to general formula (LC5-26) as the compound represented by general formula (LC5):

7. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains 5 to 50% by mass of one or more compounds in which at least one of A01 and A02 in general formula (LC0) represents a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group.

8. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more optically active compounds.

9. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds in which at least one of Z01, Z02, Z31 to Z42, Z51, and Z52 in general formula (LC0) and general formula (LC3) to general formula (LC5) represents —CF2O— or —OCF2—.

10. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains 30 to 70% by mass of the compound represented by general formula (LC5) and has a viscosity η of 20 mPa·s or less at 20° C.

11. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more polymerizable compounds.

12. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more antioxidants.

13. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains one or more UV absorbers.

14. A liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition according to claim 1.

15. An active matrix driving liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition according to claim 1.

16. A TN-mode, OCB-mode, ECB-mode, IPS-mode, or VA-IPS-mode liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition according to claim 1.

17. A polymer-stabilized TN-mode, OCB-mode, ECB-mode, IPS-mode, or VA-IPS-mode liquid crystal display device that uses the liquid crystal composition according to claim 11 and is produced by polymerizing the polymerizable compounds in the liquid crystal composition in the absence or presence of applied voltage.

18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein an alignment layer that has a surface that comes into contact with liquid crystal molecules and causes the liquid crystal molecules to align horizontally, tilt, or align vertically includes an alignment film containing at least one compound selected from polyimide (PI), polyamide, chalcone, cinnamate, and cinnamoyl.

19. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 18, wherein the alignment layer according to claim 18 further includes a polymerizable liquid crystal compound or a polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound.

20. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 18, wherein an alignment film prepared by an optical alignment technology is formed as the alignment layer at the surface that comes into contact with the liquid crystal composition.