Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to data networks, and more particularly to policy based data networks.
Description of the Related Art
The approaches described in this section could be pursued but are not necessarily approaches that have previously been conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
Data networks such as the Internet, enterprise data networks, mobile broadband networks, cloud networks, have become an integral part of our lives. We use applications over data networks to obtain news, gather product information, reserve a table for dinner, submit a payment, purchase a good, read a book, find a map, make or receive phone calls, conduct or join a conferencing event, participate in a meeting, work on a document, approve a promotion, chat with a friend, watch television and videos, book a plane ticket, and do many other things in our normal lifestyle or work style. Corporate computers use applications over data network for business transactions, factory control, corporate voice and telephony services, inventory, fleet management and many other business uses.
Typically a client computer requests a service from a network application being served by a server computer. The communication session between the client computer and the server computer passes through a data network. Often, for security reasons and for load balancing purposes, network applications of certain types of communication sessions are inspected by the data network, for example, using a server load balancer (SLB), an application delivery controller (ADC), a firewall, a hypervisor application server or a media gateway. These communication sessions may include HTTP sessions, TCP sessions, and SIP sessions. In one example, a HTTP application desires to be inspected in the data network. An application proxy for the HTTP application will be deployed in a network device in the data network where the network device intercepts a communication session of the HTTP application between a client and a server serving the HTTP application. The HTTP application proxy receives data packets from the client, examines the client data, performs a TCP/IP layer security control, performs a HTTP protocol layer security control, performs additional security and service processing specific to the HTTP application, and finally sends the client data, perhaps modified based on the above mentioned processing, to the server. On the reverse path, the HTTP application proxy receives data from the server and applies similar processing before sending the server data, modified when necessary, to the client. The HTTP application proxy needs to handle any data buffer management, and any necessary security handling associated with the HTTP application and the underlying protocol layers.
In another example, a network device performs a SIP application proxy for a Voice Over IP (VoIP) and media application, where the network device provides security and traffic policy services to enhance the VoIP and media application.
Typically, each network application proxy behaves similarly in deployment. When the number of network application proxies deployed in a network device increases, there may be redundant effort in the handling of application proxies. Also, the handling of proxies among the different application proxies may be inconsistent, leading sometimes to undesirable behavior of the network device.
Thus, there is a need to provide a common network proxy layer to offer a consistent and efficient mechanism for network application proxies.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described in the Detailed Description below. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The present disclosure is related to approaches for providing a network proxy layer for policy-based application proxies. In embodiments of the invention, a common network proxy layer may be provided so that one or more network application proxies on that layer process data efficiently, and in the same manner.
In an exemplary method for providing a network proxy layer, the method may comprise receiving a connection establishment event for a client connection of an application session, and sending a client connection event to an application proxy for the application session, the application proxy associated to an application of a server. The method may further comprise receiving one or more data packets from the client connection, receiving a connection establishment event for a server connection of the application session to the server; and receiving one or more data packets from the server connection.
In further example embodiments of the present disclosure, the method steps are stored on a computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which when implemented by one or more processors perform the recited steps. In yet further example embodiments, hardware systems, or devices can be adapted to perform the recited steps. Other features, examples, and embodiments are described below.
Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
The following detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show illustrations in accordance with example embodiments. These example embodiments, which are also referred to herein as “examples,” are described in enough detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present subject matter. The embodiments can be combined, other embodiments can be utilized, or structural, logical, and electrical changes can be made without departing from the scope of what is claimed. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. In this document, the terms “a” and “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one. In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive “or,” such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated.
Referring now to the drawings,
In an example embodiment, service gateway 300 connects to client device 100 over a data network 501. Data network 501 may comprise an Internet Protocol (IP) network, a corporate data network, a regional corporate data network, an Internet service provider network, a residential data network, a wired network such as Ethernet, a wireless network such as a WiFi network, or a cellular network. Data network 501 may reside in a data center, or connect to any other network or a cloud-based network.
In an example embodiment, service gateway 300 connects to server 200 over a data network 503. Data network 503 may comprise an Internet Protocol (IP) network, a corporate data network, a regional corporate data network, an Internet service provider network, a residential data network, a wired network such as Ethernet, a wireless network such as a WiFi network, or a cellular network. Data network 503 may reside in a data center, or connect to any other network or application network cloud. Data network 503 may also be the same as data network 501 in some embodiments.
Client device 100 is typically a computing device with network access capabilities. In example embodiments, client device 100 may be a workstation, a desktop personal computer, a laptop personal computer, a Personal Data Assistant (PDA), a tablet computing device, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a set-top box, an Internet media viewer, an Internet media player, a smart sensor, a smart medical device, a net-top box, a networked television set, a networked DVR, a networked Blu-ray player, a networked handheld gaming device, a media center, a mobile device, or a networked personal computing device.
In other embodiments, client device 100 may also be a residential broadband gateway, a business Internet gateway, a business computing server, a network customer premise device (CPE), or an Internet access gateway.
In exemplary embodiments, client device 100 may include a broadband remote access server (BRAS), a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), a Cable Modem Terminating System (CMTS), or a service provider access gateway. Client device 100 may also include a mobile broadband access gateway such as a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), a Home Agent (HA), or a PDN Gateway (PGW).
In various embodiments, client device 100 may include a server load balancer, an application delivery controller, a traffic manager, a firewall, a VPN server, a remote access server, or an enterprise or datacenter access gateway. In one embodiment, client device 100 may be a device similar to service gateway 300.
In an exemplary method, client device 100 initiates application session 400 towards server 200 via service gateway 300.
Server 200 is a computing device typically coupled to a processor and a computer readable medium which stores computer readable program code. Server 200, with the processor and the computer readable program code, may implement the functionality of a Web server, a file server, a video server, a database server, an application server, a voice system, a conferencing server, a media gateway, a media center, an app server or a network server providing an application service to client device 100 using the application session 400. In one embodiment, server 200 may be a device similar to service gateway 300.
Service gateway 300, illustrated in
Returning to
Application session 400 may be a TCP session conducted via service gateway 300. In an exemplary embodiment, application proxy 701 processes application session 400. Service gateway 300 receives data packets of application session 400. TCP/IP layer 610 receives and processes the received application session 400 data packets and passes the processed data packets to network proxy layer 620. Network proxy layer 620 provides additional processing to the data packets and sends the processed data packets to application proxy 701. Upon processing the received application session 400 data packets, application proxy 701 may send responses based on the received application session 400 data packet to network proxy layer 620, which in turns processes the responses and sends to the TCP/IP layer 610, which further processes the received responses from network proxy layer 620 and transmits the results to client device 100 via data network 501 or server 200 via data network 503.
Application proxy 701 may relate to an application of server 200 serving application session 400.
In various embodiments, network proxy layer 620 may indicate the client establishment event 612 to application proxy 701. Network proxy layer 620 may send a client connection event 629 to application proxy 701 to indicate receipt of client establishment event 612. Client connection event 629 may include information about client device 100. Client connection event 629 may also include the TCP session connection with client device 100.
In one embodiment, network proxy layer 620 may include a client transmit buffer 622. Client transmit buffer 622 may store client data sent by application proxy 701 towards server 200. Client transmit buffer 622 will be further described below. In an example embodiment, network proxy layer 620 may determine that client transmit buffer 622 is not empty and has data to be transmitted to server 200 while network proxy layer 620 is in client connected state 621. Network proxy layer 620 may then change to server connecting state 623. Network proxy layer 620 may establish a TCP session with server 200. In one embodiment, network proxy layer 620 instructs TCP/IP layer 610 to establish a TCP session with server 200. In one embodiment, application proxy 701 informs network proxy layer 620 the address of server 200 for the TCP session. In one embodiment, the client transmit buffer 622 includes the server 200 address information.
Once TCP/IP layer 610 successfully establishes a TCP session with server 200, TCP/IP layer 610 may send a server establishment event 615 to network proxy layer 620. Upon receiving the server establishment event 615, network proxy layer 620 may change to server connected state 625. At the server connected state 625, service gateway 300 has a TCP session with client device 100 and a TCP session with server 200. Client device 100 and server 200 can exchange data packets for the application session 400 via service gateway 300.
In an example embodiment, network proxy layer 620 receives a client data packet 617 from client device 100 via TCP/IP layer 610. Network proxy layer 620 processes client data packet 617, generates client received data 627 using client data packet 617, and sends client received data 627 to application proxy 701. Network proxy layer 620 may also send client received data 627 to application proxy 701 after processing and combining one or more client data packets from client device 100. Furthermore, network proxy layer 620 may also perform one or more security checks or other policy based services on client data packet 617 prior to sending to application proxy 701. Network proxy layer 620 may also include a client connection event in client received data 627.
In one embodiment, application proxy 701 puts data into client transmit buffer 622. Application proxy 701 may also put data derived from client received data 627 into client transmit buffer 622. In one embodiment, application proxy 701 performs a proxy function on behalf of a corresponding application on server 200 serving application session 400. In various embodiments, application proxy 701 may also include information about server 200. In an example embodiment, application proxy 701 selects server 200 based on client received data 627. Application proxy 701 may include information about server 200 as a request to establish a session with server 200. Network proxy layer 620 may detect presence of data in client transmit buffer 622, and send the data in client transmit buffer 622 to server 200, via TCP/IP layer 610 onto the established server TCP session with server 200. The data in client transmit buffer 622 may include information about server 200. Network proxy layer 620 may use the server information to establish the server TCP session with server 200. Network proxy layer 620 may also establish the server TCP session with server 200 if the server TCP session is not present. In one embodiment, network proxy layer 620 establishes the server TCP session with server 200 if the information about server 200 differs from the existing server TCP session.
In an example embodiment, network proxy layer 620 receives a server data packet 618 from server 200 via TCP/IP layer 610. In one embodiment, network proxy layer 620 generates server received data 628 from server data packet 618 and sends server received data 628 to application proxy 701. Network proxy layer 620 may perform additional processing such as security or modification of server data packet 618 prior to generating server received data 628.
In exemplary embodiments, application proxy 701 may put data into server transmit buffer 624. Application proxy 701 may put data derived from server received data 628 into server transmit buffer 624. In one embodiment, application proxy 701 performs a proxy function on behalf of a service application on server 200 serving application session 400.
Network proxy layer 620 may also detect presence of data in server transmit buffer 624, and send the data in server transmit buffer 624 to client device 100, via TCP/IP layer 610 on the established client TCP session with client device 100.
In some embodiments, client request state 722 may include a HTTP request protocol parser 725 which determines if client received data 627 satisfies the HTTP request protocol. In an example embodiment, HTTP request protocol parser 725 determines that client received data 627 satisfies the protocol. HTTP request protocol parser 725 may generate a record showing the components of the HTTP request 726. HTTP application proxy 721 may then process HTTP request 726. In some embodiments, HTTP request protocol parser may be included in network proxy layer 620 and network proxy layer 620 processes client received data 627 against HTTP request protocol parser 725 to generate the record for the HTTP request 726. In some embodiments, client received data 627 may include the record for the HTTP request 726.
In an example embodiment, HTTP application proxy 721 may select server 200 based on HTTP request 726. HTTP application proxy 721 may also select server 200 based on a server selection policy (not shown). In exemplary embodiments, HTTP application proxy 721 may modify HTTP request 726 and put HTTP request 726 or the modified HTTP request into client transmit buffer 622. HTTP application proxy 721 may also inform network proxy layer 620 to establish a session with server 200 for HTTP request 726. As illustrated elsewhere, network proxy layer 620 may establish a TCP session with server 200 and transmit data in client transmit buffer 622 to server 200.
In exemplary embodiments, HTTP application proxy 721 may examine HTTP request 726 based on one or more security policies, such as detection of denial of service, or any other appropriate security policy application to HTTP protocol or the HTTP application associated to HTTP application proxy 721.
In an example embodiment, HTTP application proxy 721 changes state from client request state 722 to server response state 724. During server response state 724, HTTP application proxy 721 may receive server received data 628 from network proxy layer 620. Server response state 724 may continue to receive server received data 628. In server response state 724, HTTP application proxy 721 may inspect server received data 628 against HTTP response format. In server response state 724, it may generate a record showing the components of HTTP response 728. HTTP application proxy 721 may process HTTP response 728 or modify HTTP response 728. In some embodiments HTTP application proxy 721 mat process HTTP response 728 using a service policy. HTTP application proxy 721 may then place processed HTTP response onto server transmit buffer 624 for network proxy layer 620 to send to client device 100.
In embodiments, HTTP application proxy 721 may process HTTP response 728 based on one or more security policies such as detecting a phishing response, a virus or any other appropriate security policies application to HTTP response or the HTTP application associated to HTTP application proxy 721.
HTTP application proxy 721 may also perform load balancing for HTTP request 726, among a plurality of servers which includes server 200. In an exemplary embodiment, HTTP application proxy 721 performs a HTTP firewall function. In another exemplary embodiment, HTTP application proxy 721 performs an access control based on geographic information about client device 100. HTTP application proxy 721 may also perform content caching for server 200.
In exemplary embodiments, TCP application proxy 730 receives server received data 628 from network proxy layer 620. TCP application proxy 730 may place server received data 628 into server transmit buffer 624.
In some embodiments, TCP application proxy 730 may process and perhaps modify client received data 627 or server received data 628 prior to placing the data into either client transmit buffer 622 or server transmit buffer 624. In one embodiment, TCP application proxy 730 processes client received data 627 or server received data 628 based on a security policy such as detection of a Denial of Service event (DOS), or other TCP security processing; or based on a service policy such as bandwidth policy, traffic management policy or other configured service policies. In one embodiment, TCP application proxy 730 applies additional session protocol processing such as encryption, decryption, compression, or TCP profiling.
In an exemplary embodiment, application proxy 741 receives client received data 627, processes client received data 627, and generates client data 637 using client received data 627. In one embodiment, application proxy 741 places data 637 into client transmit buffer 622 and network proxy layer 620 sends client data 637 as modified client received data 727 for application proxy 742. In one embodiment, application proxy 741 sends data 637 as modified client received data 727 to application proxy 742. Application proxy 742 may process modified client received data 727 and place processed modified client received data 727 into client transmit buffer 622 such that network proxy layer 620 can send data from client transmit buffer 622 to server 200.
In exemplary embodiments, application proxy 742 may receive server received data 628, process server received data 628, and generates server data 638 using server received data 628. In one embodiment, application proxy 742 places server data 638 into server transmit buffer 624 and network proxy layer 620 places server data 638 from server transmit buffer 624 as modified server received data 728 for application proxy 741. In one embodiment, application proxy 742 sends server data 638 as modified server received data 728 to application proxy 741. Application proxy 741 processes modified server received data 728 and places processed modified server received data into server transmit buffer 624 such that network proxy layer 620 can send data from server transmit buffer 624 to client device 100.
The example computer system 800 includes a processor or multiple processors 802 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both), a main memory 804 and a static memory 806, which communicate with each other via a bus 808. The computer system 800 may further include a video display unit 810 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 800 may also include an alphanumeric input device 812 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 814 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 816, a signal generation device 818 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device 820.
The disk drive unit 816 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium 822, on which is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., instructions 824) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 824 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 804 and/or within the processors 802 during execution thereof by the computer system 800. The main memory 804 and the processors 802 may also constitute machine-readable media.
The instructions 824 may further be transmitted or received over a network 826 via the network interface device 820 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)).
While the computer-readable medium 822 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present application, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such a set of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wave signals. Such media may also include, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAMs), read only memory (ROMs), and the like.
The example embodiments described herein can be implemented in an operating environment comprising computer-executable instructions (e.g., software) installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware. The computer-executable instructions can be written in a computer programming language or can be embodied in firmware logic. If written in a programming language conforming to a recognized standard, such instructions can be executed on a variety of hardware platforms and for interfaces to a variety of operating systems. Although not limited thereto, computer software programs for implementing the present method can be written in any number of suitable programming languages such as, for example, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Dynamic HTML, Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), Wireless Markup Language (WML), Java™, Jini™, C, C++, Perl, UNIX Shell, Visual Basic or Visual Basic Script, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML), ColdFusion™ or other compilers, assemblers, interpreters or other computer languages or platforms.
Thus, methods and systems for providing a network proxy layer are disclosed. Although embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes can be made to these example embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
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