1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to gaming systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to networked gaming systems and methods with real-time monitoring of floor play in a gaming environment.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various gaming systems have included data collection and some forms of utilization to provide graphic displays of the gaming floor on a casino operator display.
There continues to be a need for further improvement in gaming business intelligence systems and methods to gather and utilize gaming operations data.
A networked gaming system is provided that includes an Enterprise Environment module. The Enterprise Environment module includes a user interface for displaying gaming floors, playing activity, player interface, and related information collected by the gaming network and a host computer.
A gaming system may be summarized as including a plurality of gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor, each one of the plurality of gaming machines configured to provide respective activity data; a network having the plurality of gaming machines communicatively coupled thereto; a user control station communicatively coupled to the plurality of gaming machines through the network, the user control station including, at least one display device, at least one processor, and at least one processor readable storage medium that stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, by: displaying a respective multi-dimensional graphical representation of at least a first portion of the gaming floor; displaying a first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that correspond to an equal first number of gaming machines of the plurality of gaming machines in an arrangement matching an arrangement of the corresponding first number of gaming machines, each one of first number of gaming machines being arranged within an outer periphery that defines the at least first portion of the gaming floor; and displaying at least one multi-dimensional graphical representation of a respective gaming machine of the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines with a first visual indicator.
The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: wherein displaying a respective multi-dimensional graphical representation of at least a first portion of the gaming floor and displaying a first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines may further include displaying the least at first portion of the gaming floor and the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines in a first three-dimensional isometric/perspective graphical representation that is based at least on a first reference view-point, the first reference view-point being an isometric/perspective view-point. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: receiving user input indicative of a selection of a second reference view-point, wherein the second reference view-point corresponds to at least one of the following: the second reference view-point being closer to the at least first portion of the gaming floor than the first reference view-point; the second reference view-point being farther from the at least first portion of the gaming floor than the first reference view-point; or the second reference view-point and the first reference view-point being rotationally offset about at least one axis; displaying a second three-dimensional isometric/perspective graphical representation of at least a second portion of the gaming floor and of a second number multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that correspond to an equal second number of gaming machines of the plurality of gaming machines arranged within an outer periphery of the second portion of the gaming floor based at least on the second reference view-point. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: providing a user dimensional-view selector that is indicative of one of a three-dimensional isometric/perspective view-point or a two-dimensional plan view-point, and receiving user input indicative of a selection of one of the isometric/perspective view-point or the plan view-point from the user dimensional-view selector.
The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: wherein displaying a respective multi-dimensional graphical representation of at least a first portion of the gaming floor and displaying a first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines may further include displaying the at least first portion of the gaming floor and the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines in a first three-dimensional plan graphical representation that is based at least on a first reference view-point, the first reference view-point being a two-dimensional plan view-point. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: receiving user input indicative of a selection of a second reference view-point, wherein the second reference view-point corresponds to at least one of the following: the second reference view-point being closer to the at least first portion of the gaming floor than the first reference view-point; the second reference view-point being farther from the at least first portion of the gaming floor than the first reference view-point; or the second reference view-point and the first reference view-point being rotationally offset about at least one axis; displaying a second two-dimensional plan graphical representation of at least a second portion of the gaming floor and of a second number multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that correspond to an equal second number of gaming machines of the plurality of gaming machines arranged within an outer periphery of the second portion of the gaming floor based at least on the second reference view-point. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: providing a user dimensional-view selector that is indicative of one of a three dimensional isometric/perspective view-point or a two dimensional plan view-point; and receiving user input indicative of a selection of one of the isometric/perspective view-point or the plan view-point from the user dimensional-view selector.
The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: receiving user input indicative of selection of at least two of the gaming machines of the plurality of gaming machines, and wherein displaying at least one multi-dimensional graphical representation of a respective gaming machine of the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines with a first visual indicator may further include displaying at least two multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that correspond to the at least two selected gaming machines with the first visual indicator based at least on the received user input. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: wherein displaying at least two multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that correspond to the at least two selected gaming machines with the first visual indicator based at least on the received user input further includes displaying each respective multi-dimensional graphical representation of a respective gaming machine with a respective second visual indicator that is different from the first visual indicator for each one of the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that does not correspond to a respective one of the at least two selected gaming machines. The first visual indicator may be a first color and the respective second visual indicator may be a second color that is different from the first color for each one of the first number of multi-dimensional graphical representations of gaming machines that does not correspond to a respective one of the at least two selected gaming machines.
The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: for each gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines, receiving respective game play data from a respective gaming machine; for each respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines, calculating a respective value for a respective measure quantity based at least on the respective game play from the respective gaming machine; determining a respective maximum value and a respective minimum value of a measured quantity based at least on the game play data from the respective gaming machines; and estimating a respective total range of values for the measured quantity based at least on the respective maximum value and the respective minimum value; varying the respective total range of values by at least one change of the respective maximum value and the respective minimum value; and logically associating the first visual indicator with a respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines based at least on the respective total range of values and the respective calculated value of the respective gaming machine. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: determining whether the respective value of the calculated quantity is at least equal to a threshold value for each respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines, and wherein logically associating the first visual indicator with a respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines based at least on the respective total range of values and the respective calculated value of the respective gaming machine further includes logically associating the first visual indicator with a respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines only if the respective value of the calculated quantity for respective gaming machine is at least equal to the threshold value. The at least one processor readable storage medium may store instructions that cause the at least one processor to process gaming related information, further by: for each of the at least one multi-dimensional graphical representation of a respective gaming machine, logically associating a respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines with a respective range of values of a plurality of ranges of values based at least on the respective value of the calculated quantity for the respective gaming machine being within the associated range of values, and wherein logically associating the first visual indicator with a respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines further includes, wherein the first visual indicator is one of a plurality of visual indicators, logically associating each respective range of values with a respective visual indicator of the plurality of visual indicators, and wherein each range of values has a respective visual indicator associated therewith that is different from all other visual indicators of the plurality of visual indicators. The plurality of visual indicators may be colors in accordance with a graduated color scheme extending between a first color and a second color associated, wherein the plurality of ranges of values consists of a number of ranges ordered from a lowest range of values associated with the first color to a highest range of values associated with the second color, from the lowest range of values to the highest range of values, each respective range of values being associated a respective visual indicator in accordance with the graduated color scheme.
A method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may be summarized as including calculating a range of values (R) corresponding to wagering activity at the plurality of physical gaming machines with a processor of a computing device, the range of values defined by a minimum range value and a maximum range value; calculating a value of a divisor (D) by which to divide the range of values with at least one processor of a computing device, where the divisor (D) is greater than one (1); calculating a quotient and a remainder from division of the range of values (R) by the divisor (D) with the at least one processor of the computing device; color coding a respective first icon of an approximately D number of first icons with a respective color of an approximately D number of colors of a graduated color scale, each respective first icon corresponding to a respective subrange of an approximately D number of subranges of the range of values, wherein the approximately D number of subranges are ordered from a lowest subrange to a highest subrange, and wherein the approximately D number of first icons are color coded in accordance with the order of the subranges and the graduated color scheme; and displaying a first number of first icons on a display device of the control station.
The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include calculating the graduated color scale starting at the first color and ending at the second color; and defining a number (N) of subranges of the range of values (R) to approximately span the range of values (R), the respective subranges being of approximately equal size and approximately equal to the quotient, and where the number (N) is approximately equal to the value of D. Calculating a range of values (R) corresponding to wagering activity at the plurality of gaming machines may further include receiving respective game play data corresponding to wagering activity for respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines; determining a respective maximum value and a respective minimum value of a measured quantity based at least on the respective game play data; and estimating the range of values as a difference between the respective maximum value and the respective minimum value of the measured quantity.
The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include determining whether the remainder is above a threshold value; and only if the remainder is above the threshold value, adjusting at least one of the minimum range of values, the maximum range of values and the value of the divisor (D), and repeating the calculating a range of values (R) and the calculating a quotient and a remainder based at least on the at least one adjusted minimum range of values, the maximum range of values and the value of the divisor (D). The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include repeatedly adjusting at least one of the minimum range of values, the maximum range of values and the value of the divisor (D) and calculating the range of values (R) and the calculate the quotient and the remainder until the remainder is at least equal to the threshold value.
The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include adjusting the minimum range value and the maximum range value to have respective integer values. The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include adjusting the divisor to have an integer value.
The method of displaying gaming activity to a user of a control station communicatively coupled to a plurality of physical gaming machines disposed about a gaming floor may further include calculating a respective measured quantity for at least one respective gaming machine of the plurality of gaming machines based at least on respective game play data indicative of wagering activity for the respective gaming machine, wherein each respective measured quantity has a respective value included in a respective one of the subranges; for each respective gaming machine of the at least one respective gaming machine, color coding a respective second icon with a respective color of the number of colors based at least on the respective subrange that includes the respective measured quantity for the respective gaming machine and the graduated color scheme, wherein the respective second icon is color coded in accordance with the order of the subranges and the graduated color scheme; and displaying the at least one second icon on the display device. Displaying the at least one second icon may further include displaying a multi-dimensional graphical representation of at least a portion of the gaming floor, the portion of the gaming floor being defined by an outer peripheral boundary, each respective gaming machine of the at least one gaming machine located at a respective position within the outer peripheral boundary that defines the portion of the gaming floor; and displaying a respective multi-dimensional graphical representation of a respective gaming machine for each at least one second icon.
In one or more alternative embodiments, a business intelligence system and method includes determining a score associated with play on a gaming machine, panel, or portion on the floor.
Other features and numerous advantages of the various embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed description when viewed in conjunction with the corresponding drawings.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following disclosure is illustrative only and not in any way limiting. Other embodiments will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure.
Example networked gaming systems as contemplated herein are more fully described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/269,712, filed 12 Nov. 2008, U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61115513, filed 17 Nov. 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61115690, filed 18 Nov. 2008 are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Some Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations utilized herein include:
BCFx: Client Framework (such as a commercially available Bally Client Framework as modified herein);
Modular Design: The application is composed of loosely coupled parts which allows for the modular construction of the application;
Module: Business logic is logically separated into modules or plug-ins based on the business logic that is implemented. modules can be developed independently by independent teams;
Service: A supporting class that provides programmatic functionality to other objects in a loosely coupled fashion—it often contains utility methods that are not tied to a specific WorkItem;
Shell: The Application Shell is a container that hosts user facing functionality (SmartParts) provided by one or more module(s);
SmartPart: A visual presentation, a view, of the data owned by a WorkItem; WorkItem: A runtime container of the objects and services used by a discrete part of the Bally Desktop—a WorkItem can be thought of as a logical sub-process—a WorkItem often contains business logic.
Referring to the drawings, for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated that the apparatuses and systems may vary as to configuration, function, and as to details of the parts, and that the methods and processes may vary as to details, partitioning, and the order of the acts, without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein.
Referring to
Referring to
The processor readable medium 24 is communicatively coupled to the processor and may include, among other things, any one or combination of volatile memory elements such as a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM). The random access memory (RAM) may include dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), flash RAM, etc.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The enterprise environment module 36 may, among other things, enable developers of the Desktop Module 34 to make modifications, add capabilities or features, deliver an improved user experience, and an improve the level of usability by an operator or user. The enterprise environment module 36 enables developers to modify the Desktop Module and to inject their features and functionality into the UI at runtime without any recompiling or changing the original source code. The enterprise environment module 36 may include Enterprise Environment Extensions that enable the customization and partial control of the UI at runtime as determined by a module developer. Module Extensions are comprised of a set of modifiable Enterprise Environment application settings. These settings may be applied at runtime and the Enterprise Environment user interface is modified by them.
Software comprising user-interface application software may include various logic modules or logic routines, each of which may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In particular, the user-interface application software may include logic for providing graphical user interfaces.
The I/O devices 28 may include input devices, for example but not limited to, a keyboard, mouse, microphone, touch sensitive display, etc. Furthermore, the I/O devices 28 may also include output devices, for example but not limited to, one or more display devices, speakers etc. The I/O devices 28 may further include communication ports for communicating with the user station 18. I/O devices include IEEE 1394, USB, wireless (Bluetooth, etc.), serial binary data interconnection such as RS232, infrared data association (IrDA), DVD drives, CD drives, etc.
Referring to
Another aspect of the Desktop Module includes the capability of enhancing the user experience by incorporating the following visual elements: Virtual Floor View 106; Global Site View or Home Page 108; Gaming Device List View 110; and Gaming Device Inventory View 112.
The Enterprise Environment module may provide a UI development platform/framework that provides a consistent look and feel to Client UI screens. Example Architectural Patterns that may be used by the Enterprise Environment module include: 1) A Composite Pattern chosen to enable the manipulation of UI elements from various Networked Gaming Systems in a homogeneous fashion. 2) A Model View Presenter (MVP) Compound Pattern may be used to decouple data, business logic, and views and to promote reusability and flexibility within the Presentation Tier. 3) An Observer Pattern may be used to enable loosely coupled notification architecture. An Abstract Factory Pattern may be used to promote loose coupling and abstraction. A Command Pattern may be used to extend the Bally Enterprise Environment actions to the various Networked Gaming Systems Desktop Modules on respective user workstations. A Proxy Pattern may be used to manage interactions between the Presentation Tier and the Middle Tier (Data Service). Most of these Architectural Patterns may be extended via the Desktop application.
The control system (System), among other things, collects and maintains gaming floor information which may be disseminated and utilized by the User 114 to display the Home Page 108, the Virtual Floor View, the Device List 110, and the Device Inventory 112, and, provide other information, functionality and services.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In some embodiments, the administrator 402 may grant the user 404 access to the customize widgets window 414. The user 404 may be able to access the customize widgets window 414 via the developer home page 406 such that the user 404 may customize existing widgets employed by the user's control system (100, 200, 300, see
Referring to
The middle tier 604 is shown as including an Enterprise Environment Service (EES) executable 610, which may be implemented on the host computing system and/or the workstation. The middle tier 604 includes a Messages module/library 612 and a Data Access Layer module 614. The Data Access Layer module 614 provides a connection to a database 616 such as an Asset Database, for example, commercially available Bally Asset Database.
The EES executable 610 and the Enterprise Environment module 608 communicate through conventional modes, such as Soap, Named Pipes, TCP, etc.
The presentation tier 602 includes a Proxy module 618 connecting to a Messages module 620, an Infrastructure Extensions module 622 connecting to a Shell 624 through an Infrastructure module 626. The presentation tier 602 may also include an Infrastructure Interface module 628, an Infrastructure Security module 630, an Infrastructure Log module 632, and an Infrastructure Library module 634 connecting to the Shell 624.
Referring to
The Desktop module 702 may load a number of other/different modules 706, and the other modules will similarly populate the ActionExtension (object/container). The modules 706 have a respective extension. Typically, the last module to be loaded will be the Enterprise Environment module 708, which will get the ActionExtension (object/container) and go through each module's extension and create and populate a ribbon accordingly. As one non-limiting example, a scheme followed may be: Tab: has the name of the Enterprise Environment module; Group: each module has its own group and action items of the respective module may go inside the respective module's group as buttons. A respective module may write its handlers for its Action Item Declaratively.
When the last loaded module 708 receives a command that a button is clicked 710, the module 708 fetches appropriate data from the WorkItem 704 (e.g., RootWorkItem). If the module 708 tries to fetch the data directly from the WorkItem 704 (e.g., RootWorkItem) (as it is common to the entire UI), the fetched data could be changed by Desktop 702 (e.g., Bally Desktop) at any time. One way to handle this is for the module to call a procedure generated by a guidance package the data is copied and then the copied data is passed to the handler.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In some embodiments, the various windows permit the user of the work station to review activity on a gaming floor and/or activity at gaming machines using activity data, and/or other data, stored in the databases.
As described in detail below, the various screens 1100 provide, among other things, graphical representations, from various points of view, of a gaming floor and activity thereat. In addition to providing activity information, the various screens 1100 may be used to selectively provide detailed information such as, but not limited to, gaming device information and/or player information. Typically, the various screens 1100 provide a representation of a gaming floor and gaming devices thereon in a manner that generally corresponds to an actual lay-out of a gaming floor with gaming machines 110 disposed thereon and/or other actual aspects of the gaming floor such as, for example, representations of walls, staircases, doors, etc. Each graphical representation of a gaming device shown in the various screens 1100a-1100e corresponds to a specific gaming machine.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The screen 1100d includes a navigation tool icon 1106, a two-dimensional view selector icon 1108 and a three-dimensional view selector icon 1110. The navigation tool icon 1106 enables the user to move (left/right, up/down) the point-of-view from which the virtual gaming floor 1102 is viewed. The navigation tool icon 1106 may also enable the user to move the point-of-view from which the virtual gaming floor 1102 is viewed toward (zoom in) and away from (zoom out) the virtual gaming floor 1102.
The two-dimensional view selector icon 1108 and the three-dimensional view selector icon 1110 enable a user to select between viewing the virtual gaming floor 1102 in two- or three-dimensions.
The screen 1100d may also show virtual gaming machines differently, for example by different colors, where the different colors may represent different manufactures. Gaming machine manufacturers' icons 1112 arranged near the bottom of the screen 1100d. The gaming machine manufacturers' icons 1112 help the user identify which of the virtual gaming machines 1104 are from which manufactures. The virtual gaming machines 1104 may be displayed on the virtual gaming floor 1102 in accordance with the gaming machine manufacturers' icons 1112.
The screen 1100d may also show a gaming machine Offline icon 1114 to help the user identify which of the virtual gaming machines 1104 are correspond to an actual gaming machine that is offline. The offline virtual gaming machines 1104 may be displayed on the virtual gaming floor 1102 in accordance with the gaming machine Offline icon 1114. For example, virtual gaming machines 1104a are displayed as being offline.
The screen 1100d may also show a special player icon 1116. The special player 1116 may be displayed on the gaming floor to represent the location of an actual player on an actual gaming floor. The special player icon 1116 may represent a player on winning streak (a “hot” player) or a player on a losing streak (a “cold” player).
The screen 1100d may also provide the user with the capability to select, manage, control, configure, etc. an actual gaming machine on an actual gaming floor by the user selecting a specific virtual gaming machine and selecting various options. For example, virtual gaming machine 1104b has been selected, and various menus appear on the screen 1100d.
Color coding may be utilized to identify the multi-dimensional virtual gaming machines 1120a, 1120b as Bally manufactured (Red color) and the third multi-dimensional virtual gaming machine 1120c may be colored Yellow to indicate a “special” player such as a hot player.
Referring to
Utilizing the live feed (LF) or real-time data, calculations may be made to determine and display one or more hot players or hot gaming machines based on deviations from the mean. Display of hot games or players may be made using a graduated color scheme with legend buckets auto derived for human readable ranges. An example approach is described.
A feed is generated from an SMS (Slot Management System) system that contains periodic meter data including coin in (aka the amount a player has bet on the machine so far today). Player card numbers may be tied to the data to calculate rate of bet per time by player and/or machine. Using accepted statistical methods, calculate the percentile for each machine or player. Games or machine above a user configurable percentile, say 95%, are considered hot. This hotness is rendered on a graphical display by labeling or coloring the game. For example, a player can be shown as hot by placing a graphic of chili pepper in the game's chair.
Another aspect may include colorizing a floor view of all games showing the distribution of performance for metered values such as coin in, coin out or win.
Examples of the two algorithms may be illustrated as follows:
The first is to use the percentiles calculated in concept one and color games based on buckets that represent the percentile 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 etc though 90-100. This gives 10 buckets and ten colors to label in the legend. The colors are calculated by choosing a start and end color (say yellow and red) and then calculating intermediate colors in an even range between them. One can get more variation by choosing a third color, say violet. Then get a continuous graduation by using the first half to go from yellow to red and the second half from red to violet.
The second algorithm is used to represent actual values. The values min and max are not known ahead of time and may be negative. First we calculate the range by subtracting the min for the max. Two constants are defined for input, kMinBucketSize and KMaxNumberOfBuckets to guide the calculations. An initial bucket size is calculated by dividing the range by the KMaxNumberOfBuckets. This value is then rounded up to the next even power of ten by taking the power(base 10), of the Log(base ten)+1 of itself. As this bucket size will typically result in fewer buckets then the ideal (KMaxNumberOfBuckets), we continuously divide the size by 2 until we have at least KMaxNumberOfBuckets/2. In the end bucket sizes have nice human understandable values like 10, 25, 50, or 100. This algorithm can be implemented, such as by using C# code, as in this pseudo-code fragment:
Once we have buckets, colors are assigned using a graduated scale as in the first algorithm. This could appear on screen as shown here with $250 buckets as shown in
Referring generally to
By clicking on the respective buckets, the user may navigate to additional display pages which may include a view of the floor as shown in
The Splash screen 1300 may be followed by a Login Screen 1400, as shown in
After entry and verification of a valid username and password, a Theme screen 1500, 1600, 1700 may be displayed, such as shown in
The Theme screen 1500, 1600, and 1700 provides various selectable areas for accessing and displaying various data and images, such as a virtual floor. From the Theme screen 1500, 1600, 1700, a virtual floor may be displayed.
Referring to
From the Theme screen 1500, 1600, 1700, a user may, among other thing, access data and adjust elements of a gaming environment.
Although the description above contains certain specificity, the described embodiments should not be construed to be the scope of the disclosed invention; the descriptions provide an illustration of certain preferred embodiments. The scope is determined by the claims and their legal equivalents.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/620,404, filed Nov. 17, 2009, now pending; which application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/158,755, filed Mar. 10, 2009, where these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61158755 | Mar 2009 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 12620404 | Nov 2009 | US |
Child | 13438242 | US |