Claims
- 1. An apparatus adapted to be implanted in a subject, the apparatus comprising:
a chip including a plurality of amplifiers arranged in an array; and a plurality of electrodes, each electrode coupled to a corresponding one of the amplifiers.
- 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each amplifier includes a filter operative to filter out a low frequency drift component from a signal received from the electrode coupled to said amplifier.
- 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said low frequency drift component comprises a frequency in a range of from about 1 Hz to about 3 Hz.
- 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said filters comprise anti-aliasing filters.
- 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a high pass filter.
- 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the high pass filter is operative to pass signals having a frequency below about 200 Hz.
- 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the high pass filter is operative to pass signals having a frequency greater than about 5 Hz.
- 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the high pass filter is operative to pass signals representative of local field potential (LFP) activity.
- 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the high pass filter comprises a look-up table including an offset value for each amplifier in the array.
- 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the look-up table comprises a gain vector for each amplifier in the array.
- 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a digital signal processor (DSP) operative to update values in the look-up table.
- 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a multiplexer system coupled to each amplifier in the array and operative to output a stream of data comprising signals sampled from amplifiers in the array.
- 13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to an output of the look-up table and operative to convert an offset value from the look-up table into an analog signal.
- 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a differential amplifier including:
a first input terminal coupled to an output of the multiplexer system; a second input terminal coupled to an output of the DAC; and an output terminal.
- 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the output terminal of the differential amplifier; and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to an output of the ADC.
- 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the DSP is operative to extract an unwanted low frequency portion of signals from the amplifiers.
- 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the DSP is further operative to sort signals representative of spike activity.
- 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chip comprises an integrated circuit (IC) including signal processing circuitry.
- 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a shield attached to the chip over the signal processing circuitry, said layer being operative to shield said circuitry from fluids in the subject.
- 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the shield comprises a plate.
- 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the shield comprises a polymer coating.
- 22. An apparatus adapted to be implanted in a subject, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of electrodes; a substrate; a plate including a plurality of holes, wherein a plurality of said electrodes extend through corresponding holes in the plate; and an actuator between the substrate and the plate, the actuator operative to expand in response to receiving a signal, thereby decreasing an effective length of the electrodes extending through the holes.
- 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the actuator comprises a microbattery including a solid state electrolyte.
- 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of stacked microbatteries, wherein said microbatteries include a solid state electrolyte.
- 25. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a plurality of actuators connected between the substrate and the plate at different locations.
- 26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the substrate comprises an integrated circuit (IC) including a servo control section coupled to the electrodes and the actuators, wherein the servo control section is operative to provide signals to the actuator in response to a signal strength of signals received from the electrodes.
- 27. An apparatus adapted to be implanted in a subject, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate having a first side and a second side, the second side being opposite the first side; a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the first side of the substrate; a plate positioned adjacent to the second side of the substrate; and an actuator between the substrate and the plate, the actuator operative to expand in response to receiving a signal.
- 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the actuator comprises a microbattery including a solid state electrolyte.
- 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the actuator comprises a plurality of stacked microbatteries, wherein said microbatteries include a solid state electrolyte.
- 30. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a plurality of actuators connected between the substrate and the plate at different locations.
- 31. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the substrate comprises an integrated circuit (IC) including a servo control section coupled to the electrodes and the actuators, wherein the servo control section is operative to provide signals to the actuator in response to a signal strength of signals received from the electrodes.
- 32. A method for fabricating an implant, the method comprising:
coupling a contact bump to each of a plurality of amplifiers in an integrated circuit (IC) on a substrate; bonding an alignment plate to the substrate, the alignment plate including a plurality of holes corresponding in position to the plurality of contact bumps; inserting a plurality of wire probes into corresponding holes in the alignment plate; and bonding each wire probe to a corresponding contact bump.
- 33. The method of claim 32, wherein said bonding the alignment plate comprises depositing a conductive epoxy on each contact bump.
- 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising underfilling a space between the alignment plate and the substrate with a biocompatible material.
- 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the alignment plate comprises a micromachined silicon plate.
- 36. A method comprising:
implanting a device including a plurality of electrodes into a subject during an implantation operation; and changing a penetration depth of electrodes implanted in the subject after the implantation operation.
- 37. The method of claim 36, wherein said changing comprises changing an effective length of the electrodes.
- 38. The method of claim 37, wherein said changing the effective length of the electrodes comprises expanding one or more actuators positioned between a substrate and an electrode plate including a plurality of holes through which the electrodes extend.
- 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said expanding comprises increasing a voltage stored in a microbattery including a solid state electrolyte.
- 40. The method of claim 36, wherein said changing comprises pushing against a surface opposite the electrodes.
- 41. The method of claim 40, wherein said pushing comprises expanding actuators between a substrate having a first side adjacent the electrodes and a plate adjacent a side of the substrate opposite the first side.
- 42. The method of claim 41, wherein said expanding comprises increasing a voltage stored in a microbattery including a solid state electrolyte.
- 43. A micro system adapted to be implanted in a subject, the micro system comprising:
a chip including a plurality of amplifiers arranged in an array; a plurality of electrodes, each electrode coupled to a corresponding one of the amplifiers; and a high pass filter operative to pass signals representative of local field potential (LFP) activity.
- 44. The micro system of claim 43, wherein the high pass filter comprises a look-up table including an offset value for each amplifier in the array.
- 45. The micro system of claim 44, further comprising:
a multiplexer system coupled to each amplifier in the array and operative to output a stream of data comprising signals sampled from amplifiers in the array; a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to an output of the look-up table and operative to convert an offset value from the look-up table into an analog signal; a differential amplifier including
a first input terminal coupled to an output of the multiplexer system, a second input terminal coupled to an output of the DAC, and an output terminal; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the output terminal of the differential amplifier; and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to an output of the ADC, wherein the DSP is operative to extract an unwanted low frequency portion of signals from the amplifiers.
- 46. The micro system of claim 43, further comprising:
a plate; and a plurality of actuators connected between the plate and the chip, the actuator operative to expand in response to receiving a signal.
- 47. The micro system of claim 46, wherein the actuator comprises a microbattery including a solid state electrolyte.
- 48. The micro system of claim 43, wherein the DSP is further operative to estimate a spectral structure the LFP activity.
- 49. The micro system of claim 48, wherein the DSP is further operative to generate feature vectors from the spectral structure of the LFP activity.
- 50. The micro system of claim 48, wherein the DSP is further operative to estimate a spectral structure of signals representative of single unit activity in the signals from the amplifiers.
- 51. The micro system of claim 50, wherein the DSP is further operative to generate feature vectors from the spectral structure of the LFP activity and the single unit activity.
- 52. A micro system adapted to be implanted subcutaneously on the skull of a subject, the micro system comprising:
a chip including a plurality of amplifiers arranged in an array; a connector operative to couple each of a plurality of electrodes implanted in the subject's brain to a corresponding one of the amplifiers; and a high pass filter operative to pass signals representative of local field potential (LFP) activity.
- 53. The micro system of claim 52, wherein the high pass filter comprises a look-up table including an offset value for each amplifier in the array.
- 54. The micro system of claim 53, further comprising:
a multiplexer system coupled to each amplifier in the array and operative to output a stream of data comprising signals sampled from amplifiers in the array; a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled to an output of the look-up table and operative to convert an offset value from the look-up table into an analog signal; a differential amplifier including
a first input terminal coupled to an output of the multiplexer system, a second input terminal coupled to an output of the DAC, and an output terminal; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the output terminal of the differential amplifier; and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to an output of the ADC, wherein the DSP is operative to extract an unwanted low frequency portion of signals from the amplifiers.
- 55. The micro system of claim 52, further comprising an antenna operative to transmit signals from the micro system
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/349,655, filed on Nov. 20, 2001, and entitled, “INTEGRATED ELECTRODE ARRAY FOR A NEURO-PROSTHETIC IMPLANT,” and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/349,875, filed on Jan. 18, 2002, and entitled, “MINIATURIZED BRAIN IMPLANTABLE NEURO PROSTHETIC MICRO SYSTEM.”
ORIGIN OF INVENTION
[0002] The research and development described in this application were supported by NASA under grant number NAS7-1407, DARPA grant number MDA972-00-1-0029, NEI bioengineering grant number 5 R01 EY13337 and ONR grant number N00014-01-0035. The U.S. Government may have certain rights in the claimed inventions.
Provisional Applications (2)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60349655 |
Nov 2001 |
US |
|
60349875 |
Jan 2002 |
US |