Patent Application
20080199368
The invention relates to a treatment apparatus for heating and drying night soil at the outdoors or a transport facilities such as a ship, a train, having no purification treatment apparatus, and places having no waste water treatment facility such as an inside of a tunnel, a riverbed, a construction site, and so forth where a vacuum truck does not enter because it is closed from an outside, particularly, to a drying cauldron inner cleaning mechanism and a catalyst cleaning mechanism of a night soil drying treatment apparatus for automatically cleaning an interior of the drying cauldron and a catalyst mechanism in the treatment apparatus for transferring night soil from a tank which stored therein night soil to a drying cauldron, thereby drying it and deodorizing air by the catalyst mechanism.
Night soil excreted from a human body is discharged into a drain from a flushing toilet and so forth in a general house, or it is temporarily stored in a purification tank to be purified, then discharged into a river. However, in the case where an event is to be held outdoors, for example, in a sports meeting, a trade fair, a site such as a meeting where many people go out, or in a disaster area caused by wind and snow, a flood, an earth quake and so forth, physiological phenomena of participants have been solved by providing a temporary toilet.
As mentioned above, according to treatment of night soil which has been conventionally made outdoors or at the place having no purification facility, a movable temporary toilet has been used. However, most of them has a structure to have a toilet vessel for temporarily storing night soil wherein night soil excreted from a human body has been accumulated therein as it is. Accordingly, night soil stored in the toilet vessel has been collected by a tank truck used for collecting night soil and so forth after the temporary toilet is used, and the collected night soil has to be transferred to a night soil treatment facility. Accordingly, treatment after collecting night soil is needed, which takes a lot of trouble and unhygienic involved in post-treatment.
In transportation facilities such as a train, a bus, a ship and so forth that are moving for a long distance, they have a tank for exclusively used in storage of excreted night soil provided therein, wherein night soil is stored in the tank and subjected to deodorizing treatment by chemicals and so forth, then they have been conventionally collected by the tank truck used for collecting night soil at the terminal station or way station.
According to treatment in the most conventional temporary toilet or movable transportation facilities, night soil is stored in a state as it is excreted from a human body, and collected thereafter. Accordingly, it has to be said that either of a storage method, collection method or treatment method is not modernized and very unhygienic. Accordingly, if the temporary toilet has been used over the long term, the excreted night soil remains in the tank, causing the generation of an offensive odor. Further, since a cleaning operation of the temporary toilet after use thereof is disliked by an operator, it is not preferable in terms of modernization of a maintenance of the temporary toilet or a toilet of the transportation facilities.
Under such circumstances, there have been conventionally conceived various methods for treating night soil hygienically. For example, there is a method for throwing night soil together with chemicals in the temporary toilet, thereby subjecting night soil to sterilizing and deodorizing treatment. This method has been frequently employed by transportation facilities such as a bullet trains and so forth, but it falls into disfavor to a user, because if night soil containing chemicals is circulated between the tank and a toilet stool, water flowing in the toilet stool is soiled during a use over the long term and an offensive odor is generated. Further, since the tank is made empty to be ready for next use, it is necessary to throw large quantity of chemicals in the tank, resulting in the occurrence of a drawback to increase a cost of chemicals.
Further, there is conceived a method for storing night soil in a bag made of vinyl and so forth to be packed, thereby preventing emission of an odor. However, the vinyl bag having an extensive wide area has to be used by one time excretion, leading to the increase of a cost of treatment, and the later requirement of treatment for separating night soil from the vinyl bag. According to this method, treatment until packing is relatively easy but post-treatment is troublesome and a treatment facility becomes large scaled.
Further, there is conceived a method of storing excreted night soil in an airtight evaporation container, and heating night soil directly by a thermal power of a burner, thereby evaporating night soil. This method, for example, is known from JP No. 45-17236B, No. 49-2545B, No. 50-3149B, JP 52-58239A, No. 53-110268A and No. 55-165415A. However, according to the methods disclosed in these publications, since flame of the burner is jetted toward night soil to evaporate night soil from the surface thereof, moisture which is a major component of night soil cannot be efficiently evaporated, thereby requiring much energy for completely treating night soil.
With the structure as disclosed in these publications, cleaning of the evaporation container after evaporating night soil is not implemented so that residues which have not evaporated from night soil are accumulated on the bottom of the evaporation container during a long time use, so that thermal efficiency becomes degraded. In these cases, the apparatus has to be disassembled to implement maintenance thereof every time the residues are cleaned, resulting in the occurrence of a drawback of taking time and cost in the maintenance thereof.
There have been many problems in treatment of night soil in the temporary toilet, as mentioned above, so that excreted night soil is hardly treated completely in the temporary toilet. To meet a social demand, the inventor who is the same as the present applicant of this application has proposed a night soil treatment apparatus capable of evaporating moisture which is a major component of night soil by heating night soil. The proposed night soil treatment apparatus is used by being provided on a temporary toilet, wherein an airtight drying cauldron (heat-resistant evaporation container) for storing night soil is provided in the apparatus, and a rotatable stirring blade is journalled in the drying cauldron, and a plurality of heat accumulators which are rotated together with night soil while the stirring blade is rotated are stored in the drying cauldron.
With the structure, when the drying cauldron is heated from outside to heat night soil in the drying cauldron, and the stirring blade is rotated at the same time when night soil is mixed to thereby rapidly evaporate moisture of a night soil. At the time of evaporation of moisture, spherical heat accumulators are rotated on the bottom of the dying cauldron so that a temperature of night soil is uniformly increased and heat generated thereby is transferred to night soil, thereby increasing heating speed (e.g. disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-124150).
This mechanism is basic, and the same inventor has sequentially proposed an improvement of the night soil treatment apparatus. In the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-164594A, there is disclosed a structure in which a pipe for feeding air under pressure into a drying cauldron and a discharge air pipe are connected to each other, and a dust collecting device and a condenser are connected to the discharge air pipe. According to this mechanism, moisture contained in night soil and evaporated inside the drying cauldron is frozen and collected, and it is circulated to be used as flushing water while dust remaining in the drying cauldron is sucked together with air and collected after night soil is dried, and it can be separated from air by a dust collecting device. With the structure of this mechanism, moisture can be collected from night soil thrown in the drying cauldron while dust which remains in the drying cauldron and is not evaporated after night soil is dried can be cleaned, so that the night soil treatment apparatus can be continuously used.
Further, according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-411577, the night soil treatment apparatus is unitized and easily installed on the temporary toilet. This mechanism is structured that the structure of the drying cauldron is formed cylindrically and night soil can be thrown in the drying cauldron from the side surface thereof. To this end, it is not necessary to dispose the toilet stool on the upper portion of the drying cauldron, thereby lowering a height of the apparatus.
According to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2-412559, a storage vessel for storing urine which is collected by a urine stool is provided, and a jet pipe is connected between the storage vessel and a toilet stool. This is structured such that feces and urine are excreted into a toilet stool while urine is collected by the urine stool, wherein when the feces and urine are thrown in the drying cauldron, urine is jetted from the storage vessel toward the urine stool, and the urine can be thrown in the drying cauldron together with the feces and urine. Accordingly, the toilet stool can be cleaned by urine, so that even a place where water works cannot be installed, the temporary toilet can be converted into a flush toilet.
Further, according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-067538, there is disclosed a mechanism wherein a liquid surface sensor is inserted into the drying cauldron from the side surface thereof, and a position of a liquid surface of a night soil which has been thrown into the drying cauldron can be always detected. According to this mechanism, the height of the liquid surface of night soil is detected so as to decide to prevent the capacity of evaporating treatment of night soil from being lowered, which is caused by temporarily throwing a large quantity of night soil in the drying cauldron, resulting in preventing the generation of trouble caused by overflow of night soil.
According to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No 3-189280, a re-heating box in which a heater is housed is disposed between a blower and a catalyst box, and a bypass is provided between a pipe connecting a drying cauldron and a dust collecting device and the catalyst box. With this structure, air from the drying cauldron is flown into the catalyst box by the bypass when night soil is subjected to evaporating treatment, thereby enhancing the flow of air efficiently. Further, when the drying cauldron is subjected to cleaning treatment, the bypass is closed so as to cause air containing dust to be flown in the dust collecting device as it is.
Further, the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-189281 is an improvement of the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-189280, wherein a pipe of a bypass is connected to a pipe for connecting a drying cauldron and a dust collecting device, and a terminal end of the pipe of the bypass is connected to a negative pressure side of an ejector while a catalyst box is connected to the ejector. With this structure, there is an effect that when the pipe of the bypass is opened, air inside the drying cauldron is forcibly sucked by the ejector to be flown in the catalyst box so that flowing efficiency of air in the drying cauldron is enhanced, thereby promoting evaporation.
According to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-265237, a dust collection box is connected to a discharge air pipe of a drying cauldron, and a dust bag formed of paper, cloth and so forth is housed in the dust collection box. With this structure, air containing dust is caused to flow in the dust bag when the drying cauldron is cleaned, whereby air alone is passed through the dust bag while dust is separated from air. There is an effect that dust can be reliably separated compared with a cyclone type dust collecting device.
Further, according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-031170, a toilet stool and a night soil treatment apparatus are separated from each other wherein night soil thrown in the toilet stool is stored in a tank, then it can be subjected to a continuous evaporating drying treatment in a batch system. In the night soil treatment apparatus, there is formed an opening through which night soil is thrown at the upper portion of a substantially spherical drying cauldron which is rotatable by a horizontal shaft, and spherical heat accumulators are housed inside the drying cauldron, and further a burner for heating the bottom of the drying cauldron is formed. With the structure, night soil thrown in the drying cauldron is evaporated and dried by a heat of the burner, and night soil can be stirred by the heat accumulators by swinging the drying cauldron during this evaporating drying treatment while dust can be dropped through the opening by rotating the drying cauldron after night soil is dried.
The invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-121968 is structured that a switching valve is intervened between a blower pipe of a drying cauldron and a discharge air pipe, wherein a dust collection box and a blower can be connected in series to the drying cauldron via the switching valve. With this structure, there is advantage that air is circulated inside the night soil treatment apparatus when the drying cauldron is cleaned so that a dust collecting efficiency is enhanced.
The invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-125360 is structured that a high frequency coil is disposed on the lower surface of a drying cauldron, thereby causing the high frequency coil to generate an electromagnetic wave by supplying a high frequency power. Since the high frequency electromagnetic wave is applied to the drying cauldron, night soil is not heated directly but the drying cauldron per se generates heat to heat night soil, so that there is an effect of reducing thermal loss.
According to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-307135, it is structured that a drying cauldron per se stands upright in normal times, and an upper portion of the drying cauldron is always opened, and also the drying cauldron can fall down only when the drying cauldron is cleaned. Heat accumulators are stored inside the drying cauldron and a lid plate is provided at the upper opening of the drying cauldron wherein the lid plate can be closed when the drying cauldron falls down. According to this structure, although the drying cauldron per se stands still and stands upright when night soil which is thrown in the drying cauldron is subjected to evaporating drying treatment, the drying cauldron falls down at the time of implementing cleaning treatment after night soil is evaporated so that dust remaining inside the drying cauldron can be discharged through the opening thereof. At the time of discharging dust, the lid plate (a plurality of small holes are bored on its surface) automatically closes the opening of the drying cauldron to prevent the heat accumulators from being dropped off, so that dust alone can be discharged from the small hole of the lid plate to a dust dish, thereby simplifying the structure of the night soil treatment apparatus.
Further, according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-314445, it is structured that a drying cauldron is rotatably supported and an output of a motor meshes with a periphery of the drying cauldron, and a plurality of spherical heat accumulators are stored in the drying cauldron wherein three baffles are inserted from a lid plate which is positioned at the upper portion of the drying cauldron toward the interior of the drying cauldron. With this structure, the drying cauldron per se is rotated about a vertical axis line, which is from the drying cauldron of a conventional night soil treatment apparatus so that night soil can be heated by an electromagnetic wave from a high frequency coil. The heat accumulators stored in the drying cauldron are not rotated together with the drying cauldron by the baffles but rotated on the bottom of the drying cauldron so that night soil can be stirred and heated. With this structure, since it is not necessary to rotate the stirring blade inside the drying cauldron, the entire height of the night soil treatment apparatus can be lowered. Further, in the structure for rotating the stirring blade, it has an excellent advantage to prevent foreign objects other than night soil (e.g. a ball point pen, clothing, a watch and so forth) which are thrown in the drying cauldron from being tangled with a rotating blade.
Further, according to the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-151631, it is likewise structured that a drying cauldron is rotatably supported and an output of a motor meshes with a periphery of the drying cauldron, and a plurality of spherical heat accumulators are stored in the drying cauldron wherein one baffle is inserted from a lid plate positioned at the upper portion of the drying cauldron toward the interior of the drying cauldron. Even with this structure, the drying cauldron per se is rotated about a vertical axis line so that night soil can be heated by an electromagnetic wave from a high frequency coil. According to this invention, the baffle is formed of one piece fixed to a suction pipe, and the heat accumulators are not engaged in a plurality of baffles so that the heat accumulators can be reliably rotated by the rotation of the drying cauldron.
According to these newly proposed night soil treatment apparatus, excreted night soil can be heated while it is kept airtight inside the drying cauldron and it can be mixed when the stirring blade and the drying cauldron are rotated. The temperature of heated night soil is increased uniformly as a whole, and moisture which is a major component is evaporated to be converted into vapor to be emitted to the atmosphere. Evaporating speed of night soil is increased by heating and mixing thereof so that treating time of night soil can be reduced. Further, vapor dispersed in the atmosphere is rendered odorless by a catalyst and so forth, and hence even in a place where houses are crowded or many people gather, an offensive odor is not emitted, which is preferable in view of an environment protection.
It is very hygienic to evaporate and emit night soil in an airtight evaporation container, and an operation can be systematized so that it does not give a burden to an operator at the time of maintaining and so forth. However, most of the conventional night soil treatment apparatus has a structure that the drying cauldron is fixed and the stirring blade is rotated in the drying cauldron, thereby mixing night soil. According to this mechanism, if foreign objects other than night soil which cannot be evaporated is thrown in the drying cauldron, the rotating stirring blade and these foreign objects are tangled with each other, which becomes frequently a cause of a trouble. For example, there is a case where a metallic ball point pen, a belt, clothing and so forth are thrown in a toilet stool owing to careless miss of a user. When these foreign objects thrown in the drying cauldron are bitten between the stirring blade and drying cauldron, there occurs phenomena that the rotation of the stirring blade is stopped and the stirring blade and the drying cauldron are abraded.
Further, if the stirring blade is housed in the drying cauldron, a limited inner space of the drying cauldron is narrowed by the mechanism, which becomes a primary factor of causing the inner space of the drying cauldron not to be effectively utilized.
To solve such a drawback, according to the inventions disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-314445 and No. 6-151631 are structured to rotate the drying cauldron per se, thereby devising that night soil can be mixed without using the stirring blade. However, even with this mechanism, the drying cauldron has to be rotatably supported, while it is not moved vertically and supported in the manner that the central axis is not deviated. If the rotating drying cauldron is moved vertically, and the rotary shaft performs eccentric motion, the opening end of the drying cauldron is moved away from a lid plate so that air-tightness of the drying cauldron cannot be kept.
If the rotary operation of the drying cauldron is to be regulated as mentioned above, a regulation mechanism (a roller and so forth) in two directions of a vertical direction and a rotating direction is needed, and this regulation mechanism becomes complex necessarily. Further, if the regulation mechanism becomes complex, it takes time and effort in an operating step of assembling the drying cauldron, and also takes time and effort for removing the drying cauldron so as to inspect or maintain the night soil treatment apparatus.
Still further, dust remaining in the drying cauldron after night soil is evaporated and dried has to be removed so as to continuously implement treatment of night soil, but it was difficult to control the insertion of a suction pipe for cleaning into the drying cauldron by a given length. It has been conventionally controlled by detecting the amount of the movement of the suction pipe so as to vertically move the suction pipe by an appropriate length, whereby the mechanism for moving the suction pipe and a mechanism of controlling the suction pipe have been complex.
Accordingly, the inventor of this application filed the application of the night soil treatment apparatus which improved the foregoing drawbacks by Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219457. The newly proposed night soil treatment apparatus is characterized in that a rotation holding means is provided on the upper portion of a counter, and an evaporation container is suspended from the lower portion of the rotation holding means, and an electromagnetic heating means is provided on the lower surface of the evaporation container with a spaced interval. With the proposed structure, since the evaporation container is rotated while it is suspended, it is characterized in that any supporting means is not necessary to be provided at the low portion and the side surface thereof so that the mechanism for holding the evaporation container is very simplified.
Further, with this structure, only the evaporation container can be removed from the lower portion of the rotation holding means so that the interior of the evaporation container can be easily exposed to the outside so as to implement regular inspection and maintenance operation. Although it is possible to remove a covering means for covering the upper portion of the evaporation container to observe the interior of the evaporation container from above, various pipes and apparatuses connected to the covering means, respectively, have to be removed, so that steps involved in removing operation becomes very complex.
As mentioned above, in order to throw night soil in the evaporation container to treat night soil by heating and evaporating every evaporation container, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for stirring night soil so as to uniformly increase the temperature of night soil. There has been employed either of a structure to stir night soil by rotating a stirring blade at a center of the interior of the evaporation container or a structure to stir night soil by rotating the evaporation container while the stirring blade is fixed so as not to be rotated, respectively, for implementing stirring night soil. According to the mechanism for rotating stirring blade while the evaporation container is fixed (e.g. disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-190857 and so forth) of these structures, it is characterized in that a mechanism for journaling the stirring blade becomes simple, and the evaporation container can be firmly supported. However, since this structure has a mechanism to rotate the stirring blade at the portion close to the bottom of the evaporation container, dust remaining in the evaporation container is hardly collected after night soil is evaporated. This is caused by the fact that a pipe for sucking dust cannot be installed on a portion close to the bottom of the evaporation container due to the stirring blade, and dust has to be sucked from the portion close to the lower end of a rotary shaft for supporting the stirring blade.
Further, according to the mechanism for rotating the evaporation container and fixing the stirring blade (e.g. Japanese Patent Application No. 6-151631 and so forth), there is adopted a mechanism wherein the evaporation container is airtightly and rotatably provided underneath a flat top plate, and a pipe provided with a baffle which is directed downward from the top plate toward the evaporation container. With this mechanism, the baffle is rotated relatively at the portion close to the bottom of the evaporation container when the evaporation container is rotated so that night soil which is rotated together with the evaporation container can be stirred. With this mechanism, since the holding pipe approaches the bottom of the evaporation container and it is positioned while it is deviated from the center of the evaporation container, it is characterized in that dust remaining in the bottom of the evaporation container is uniformly sucked, thereby reliably cleaning the evaporation container.
However, with this mechanism, since the evaporation container has to be held so as to be rotated, there are drawbacks in this mechanism that the mechanism for holding the evaporation container becomes complex, and the heavy evaporation container cannot be suspended. Further, since a gap between the top plate and the rotating evaporation container has to be held to be airtight and rotatable, there is a shortcoming that airtightness of the joining portion thereof has to be enhanced. Since the upper end opening of the evaporation container is relatively wide, a seal member having a large diameter and so forth have to be used so as to rotatably hold the evaporation container while the opening is kept in airtightness, there is a drawback that manufacturing cost becomes high.
Further, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-180755 is structured that it comprises a night soil tank capable of storing night soil, a heat resistant closed container for storing night soil, a heating means for heating the container to evaporate night soil, a night soil hopper having a capacity equivalent to the quantity of a load of night soil in the container to be treated, a closing valve intervened between the container and night soil hopper, a night soil pipe for causing night soil to flow and a night soil pump connected between the night soil tank and the night soil hopper in the midway of the night soil pipe. Further, the night soil pump has a function to crush sucked night soil therein, and spherical heat accumulators and stirring means for stirring night soil stored in the container and the heat accumulators are housed in the container.
With this structure, night soil in the night soil tank is sucked by the night soil pump to be stored in the night soil hopper, and a load of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment is thrown in the night soil hopper by opening the closing valve, thereby forming a batch type night soil treatment apparatus in which a tank for storing night soil and a container for implementing heating treatment are separated, wherein night soil is always circulated so that night soil stored in the tank is not solidified, and an odor generated in the tank is sucked and then subjected to oxidation and reduction by catalysts, so as to be treated to become odorless, thereby preventing an offensive odor from being generated in the night soil treatment apparatus.
As mentioned in detail above, there has been conventionally utilized a treatment apparatus which is considered to be hygienic, wherein night soil is introduced into the airtight container, and the container is heated, thereby evaporating moisture which is a major component of night soil to so as to be dispersed outside as vapor. With such a night soil treatment apparatus, feces and urine are directly thrown in the container so as to be heated from the toilet stool, and a gap between the toilet stool and the container is closed to thereby close the container, thereby preventing an odor of feces and urine from being leaked outside.
With the conventional structure in which the toilet stool and container are directly connected to each other, a capacity to treat night soil within a predetermined time is decided by an interior capacity of a container for storing night soil therein. That is, if night soil having a quantity exceeding a treating capacity of the container is introduced into the container, the toilet stool can not be used so that non-use state is maintained. For example, if many people use the toilet stool to excrete night soil within a short period of time, night soil is directly thrown in the container so that night soil overflows from the container to become overflowing state, which cannot be treated. Accordingly, it has been employed a system wherein if night soil having a quantity exceeding a treating capacity of the container is thrown in the container, use of the toilet stool has to be once stopped so that entire night soil filled in container is subjected to drying treatment, thereafter the use of the toilet stool can be allowed.
As mentioned above, since there has been employed a system to suspend or allow the use of the toilet stool corresponding to the treating capacity of the container, the conventional night soil treatment apparatus is limited in quantity of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment in a predetermined period of time, so that it cannot cope with excretion of many people in a short period of time. In order to treat night soil of many people, the capacity of the container for storing night soil is conventionally made large or a plurality of independent night soil treatment apparatuses are arranged in parallel with one another, thereby coping with night soil to be subjected to drying treatment within a scope of treating capacity respectively. However, according to the conventional night soil treatment apparatus, the capacity and the number of the container have to be set in conformity with the maximum number of people who use the toilet stool, so that in the case where many people utilize the toilet stool (temporary toilet) in a short rest time at an event site, the toilet stool has to be installed in conformity with the maximum number of people who utilize the toilet stool, causing the toilet stool to be uneconomical.
Accordingly, there has been conceived a mechanism wherein a tank is connected to a toilet stool, and a night soil excreted in the toilet stool is first stored in the tank, then night soil stored in the tank is subsequently thrown in the container, thereby continuously subjecting night soil to an evaporating drying treatment (batch treatment apparatus). With such a mechanism, it is not necessary to set the capacity of the container to be so large, so that even if a utilizer temporarily and concentrically uses the toilet stool, the excreted night soil can be stored in a relatively large tank. Then, night soil in the tank is sequentially thrown in the container to be continuously treated, entire night soil can be treated while taking time. For example, even if the tank is filled with night soil, night soil can be continuously treated at midnight so that even if the capacity of the container is small, it can treat night soil. Accordingly, even if a container having a large capacity is not used, night soil can be treated so that a fixing cost becomes low, thereby enhancing an efficient operation.
However, the mechanism directly connecting between the night soil tank and toilet stool so as to implement a batch treatment has serious drawbacks. That is, if night soil stored in the tank is kept remaining in the tank, the surface of night soil contacts oxygen to be oxidized with time, and is solidified, and hence fluidity is deteriorated so that it becomes difficult to discharge night soil outside the tank. Further, since the toilet stool and tank are directly connected to each other, an odor generated from the surface of night soil is filled in an inner surface of a temporary toilet and so forth through a lower opening of the toilet stool so that an offensive odor floats which is unpleasant to the user. According to the structure wherein the tank for storing night soil is separated from the night soil treatment apparatus, thereby treating night soil sequentially in a batch system, the capacity of the container is not necessary to be enlarged but it becomes a cause of generation of an odor from the tank.
Accordingly, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-180755 discloses the batch type night soil treatment apparatus wherein the tank for storing night soil and the container for subjecting night soil to heating treatment are separated, wherein night soil is always circulated so that night soil stored in the tank is not solidified, and an odor generated in the tank is sucked and is subjected to oxidation and reduction by the catalysts to be treated odorless, thereby preventing an offensive odor being generated.
Meanwhile, according to a conventional apparatus, night soil per se remaining in the drying cauldron serving as a container for treatment is subjected to dust and is separated from air to be collected. Accordingly, And, an odor generated in piping for sucking dust remaining in the drying cauldron to clean the drying cauldron and for rendering an odor generated in the night soil tank to be odorless to be discharged outside.
However, such a mechanism is a means for collecting a residue which is still kept in a state of night soil. For example, the fact that night soil residue in the drying cauldron is detected by a residue sensor so that it is detected that night soil is stored inside the night soil tank. A signal detecting the existence of night soil is detected by the residue sensor so that the pump and selecting valve are operated by a pump control circuit, and a discharge pipe and a return pipe communicate with each other, thereby collecting night soil stored in the drying cauldron by the pump.
Meanwhile, night soil which has not been collected when the toilet stool is continuously used is slightly carbonized inside the drying cauldron, and carbide thereof is adhered onto the interior of the drying cauldron little by little and accumulated therein. A location where carbide is accumulated is a ceiling portion, a peripheral wall portion, a bottom portion and so forth of the interior of the drying cauldron.
Accordingly, if the interior of the drying cauldron is not cleaned periodically, carbide accumulated in the bottom of the cauldron becomes resistance to the rotation of the stirring blade, causing abnormal noise due to friction to occur or the stirring motor to be troubled.
Further, if the interior of the drying cauldron is not cleaned periodically, carbide accumulated in the bottom of the drying cauldron prevents heat transfer of the heater provided at the bottom of the cauldron. If the apparatus is structured to be controlled based on a cauldron bottom temperature and a heater temperature, the process proceeds in an incomplete treating state.
Further, if the interior of the drying cauldron is not cleaned periodically, carbide adhered onto the upper surface of the cauldron interior and a carbide collection piping inlet is moisturized and fixed together with condensation inside the cauldron interior, so that carbide is liable to be further adhered, and it becomes large when used frequently. As a result, the problem of clogging of piping and so forth occur.
To that end, in order to remove carbide, it is necessary to remove the drying cauldron or top plate periodically, thereby cleaning the interior of the drying cauldron. However, it requires a working by an operator to detach the top plate from the drying cauldron, a working to scrape carbide in the drying cauldron, a working for collecting the scraped carbide and so forth, thereby requiring cost and time involved in such troublesome working.
On the other hand, there occurs similar phenomena in catalysts in the deodorizing portion. That is, a deodorizing apparatus for extinguishing an odor discharged from the drying cauldron is provided inside a deodorizing case. The deodorizing apparatus, for example, stores catalysts having various shapes in the catalyst case and catches an odor component through discharge air which passes through the catalysts. However, foreign objects of fine particle contained in deodorizing component cannot be collected completely in its entire quantity so that it adheres onto the interior of the catalysts little by little as a foreign object and accumulated therein.
Accordingly, if the interior of the catalyst case is not cleaned periodically, the flow of an odor is prevented by the adhered foreign object so that an inherent deodorizing function cannot be maintained. Further, a working for taking out the catalysts for cleaning has to be implemented after a heater is sufficiently cooled, requiring a cooling time, while if a cleaning is implemented without confirming cooling thereof, there is a likelihood of occurrence of danger such as burn injury and so forth.
Further, the catalyst case is manufactured by a material of suitable roughness, which is neither too course nor so fine, fine foreign objects which can not be captured reach the catalyst section, and adhere to the surfaces of catalysts. Accordingly, it is necessary to take out the catalysts periodically to cleat it, however, the attachment and detachment of the catalysts which are filled in the catalyst case with no space therebetween are very difficult working. Further, there is a likelihood that the catalysts are broken by heating and vibration and the broken pieces are clogged in the catalysts.
It is an object of the invention to provide a night soil drying treatment apparatus provided with an automatic washing function for removing adherents onto an interior of a drying cauldron by automatically washing the interior of the drying cauldron every time one cycle operation is completed.
It is another object of the invention to provide a night soil drying treatment apparatus provided with a cleaning function for automatically washing surfaces of metallic catalysts, thereby keeping the metallic catalysts clean every time one cycle of treatment of a drying cauldron is completed.
A cauldron interior cleaning mechanism of a night soil drying treatment apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention comprising a temporary toilet provided with a night soil tank capable of storing therein night soil and a toilet stool communicating with the night soil tank at its lower portion for causing night soil to flow down, and a night soil drying treatment mechanism comprised of a heat resistant closed drying cauldron for storing night soil therein, and a heating means for heating the drying cauldron to evaporate night soil, thereby subjecting night soil to drying treatment by evaporating night soil in the airtight drying cauldron, wherein a night soil pipe for causing night soil to fluid therein is connected between the night soil tank and the drying cauldron for causing night soil inside the night soil tank to be sucked up and thrown in the drying cauldron, and upon storing a load of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron, the drying cauldron is heated to evaporate night soil in the drying cauldron, and the heating and evaporating treatment are carried out by a set number to complete night soil drying treatment, characterized in that the cauldron interior cleaning mechanism is comprised of a washing mechanism for jetting water to the interior of the drying cauldron to wash the interior of the drying cauldron upon completion of night soil dying treatment, thereby removing adherents onto the interior of the drying cauldron.
The cauldron resistor cleaning mechanism according to the second aspect of the invention is characterized in that the washing mechanism comprises a water tank for washing the toilet stool, a washing water pipe for introducing water from the water tank into the drying cauldron, a high pressure water generation pump provided in the washing water pipe, and jet nozzles provided at the tip end of the washing water pipe for jetting high pressure water toward the interior of the drying cauldron.
The cauldron interior cleaning mechanism according to the third aspect of the invention is characterized in that the jet nozzles are provided on a stirring shaft rotating in the drying cauldron to jet washing water to the interior of the drying cauldron while the stirring shaft is rotated.
The cauldron interior cleaning mechanism according to the fourth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the washing pipe is divided into plural numbers through which washing water is jetted toward different positions of the interior of the drying cauldron by switching over valves, thereby individually washing the interior of the drying cauldron.
A catalyst cleaning mechanism of a night soil drying treatment apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the invention comprising a temporary toilet provided with a night soil tank capable of storing therein night soil and a toilet stool communicating with the night soil tank at its lower portion for causing night soil to flow down, and a night soil drying treatment mechanism comprised of a heat resistant closed drying cauldron for storing night soil therein, and a heating means for heating the drying cauldron to evaporate night soil, thereby subjecting night soil to drying treatment by evaporating night soil in the airtight drying cauldron, wherein a night soil pipe for causing night soil to fluid therein is connected between the night soil tank and the drying cauldron for causing night soil inside the night soil tank to be sucked up and thrown in the drying cauldron, wherein the drying cauldron is heated to evaporate night soil in the drying cauldron, said night soil drying treatment apparatus further comprising a discharge air mechanism for sucking air and moisture evaporated in the drying cauldron, a catalyst mechanism intervened between the drying cauldron and the discharge air mechanism for subjecting elements of odor to oxidation and reduction, and an odor pipe connected between an inlet side of the catalyst mechanism and an upper space of the night soil tank for causing air to fluid therebetween, and wherein air and moisture is discharged outward by the discharge air mechanism during an evaporating drying treatment in the drying cauldron, and elements of odor are subjected to oxidation and reduction by the catalyst mechanism in the middle of discharge of air and moisture, and air remaining in the upper spaces of the night soil tank, piping and drying cauldron is sucked by the odor pipe to be passed through the catalyst mechanism, thereby rendering the odor floating in the space of the night soil tank odorless, characterized in that the catalyst cleaning mechanism is comprised of a wind pressure cleaning mechanism for supplying compressed air to the catalyst mechanism upon completion of drying treatment to blow off adherents onto the surfaces of catalysts by a wind pressure.
The night soil drying treatment apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the wind pressure cleaning mechanism comprises a compressor, and an air tank for storing therein compressed air supplied from the compressor and instantaneously jetting compressed air toward the catalyst mechanism when implementing cleaning treatment.
The night soil drying treatment apparatus according to the seventh aspect of the invention is characterized in that the wind pressure cleaning mechanism is set to implement cleaning treatment every time a load of night soil is treated in the drying cauldron.
An embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the attached drawings. According to the present embodiment, a night soil drying treatment apparatus is described with reference to a mechanism capable of treating feces and urine. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment, and it is needless to say that the invention can achieve the same object even if the invention is limited to a mechanism which is intended for subjecting urine alone to drying treatment. The present embodiment is described in the case where it is applied to a temporary toilet system, wherein the mechanism of the present embodiment is separated into a movable temporary toilet 1 and a night soil treatment apparatus 11 for heating and evaporating night soil wherein both the temporary toilet 1 and the night soil treatment apparatus 11 are loaded on a truck and so forth or carried by the truck and so forth so as to be temporarily used in an event site, a river bed, a disaster area caused by a wind and snow, a flood, an earth quake and so forth.
Entire structure of the night soil drying treatment apparatus:
The structure of respective apparatuses inside the housing box 12 will be described in detail with reference to
Upon completion of water washing treatment, the drying cauldron is further heated to evaporate moisture. Vapor and air inside the drying cauldron generated at the time of heating are introduced into to a catalyst mechanism and they are deodorized and discharged outside. Foreign objects are adhered onto catalysts housed in the catalyst mechanism. Accordingly, the surfaces of catalysts have a cleaning function for automatically flushing thereof every time one cycle drying treatment is completed in the drying cauldron, thereby keeping the catalysts clean.
An outer frame, not shown, for covering a toilet stool 6 of the temporary toilet 1 is formed of, for example, plastics and reinforced synthetic resins, and has a cubic box shape as a whole. A bottom portion of the temporary toilet 1 is formed of a base table to be installed on the ground, a bed of a truck and a bed of a trailer, and it is square in its flat shape, low in height and flat cubic. A space through which a user enters is formed on the upper surface of the base table, and a house having a house shape, not shown, provided with a roof on the top portion thereof is placed thereon. The front of the house is provided with doors attached thereto through which the user enters the house by pulling the doors by the user. A night soil tank for first storing feces and urine is fixed to the upper portion of the base table inside the temporary toilet 1. The night soil tank will be explained later with reference to
The western style toilet stool 6 is fixed to the center of the upper surface of the night soil tank so that the user of the temporary toilet 1 can excrete night soil toward the toilet stool 6. The toilet stool 6 is opened at the bottom surface and communicates with an inner space of the night soil tank. There are provided a water tank 13 serving as a water washing apparatus and an operation portion for use in water washing operation, not shown, and so forth at the side, e.g. at the right side (shown in left side of the toilet stool 6 in
As showing
An end of a water washing pipe 18 for supplying washing water toward the housing box 12 of the night soil treatment apparatus 11 is connected to the water tank 13, and the other end of the water washing pipe 18 is connected to an interior of the drying cauldron provided inside the night soil treatment apparatus. Inside the drying cauldron, night soil supplied thereto is subjected to drying treatment by heating, described later, and the foreign objects remained therein are fed to a collection container to be collected. Water supplied from the water washing pipe 18 is jetted toward the interior of the drying cauldron so as to clean the foreign objects remained in the drying cauldron, which is implemented after drying treatment so as to implement washing treatment in the drying cauldron.
As shown in the left side of
The toilet seat 7 and toilet bowl 10 having such a structure is supported by the box-shaped toilet table 4, and a night soil tank 5 is provided under the interior of the toilet table 4. The night soil tank 5 is, e.g. a box-shaped tank, and a night soil introduction port 24 is provided on the night soil tank 5 at the upper central portion. The night soil pipe 20 directing downward from the toilet bowl 10 is connected to the night soil introduction port 24, and excreted night soil is to be stored inside the night soil tank 5 via the night soil pipe 20. A full water detection float sensor, described later, is provided in the night soil tank 5 so as to detect whether the quantity of night soil to be contained is in a drying treatment level or not. A night soil discharge mechanism is provided in the night soil tank 5 for pressurizing the upper surface side of night soil to be stored in the night soil tank 5 by an air pressure, thereby discharging night soil outward from the night soil discharge port 22 provided at the lower portion of the night soil tank 5.
Outline of the structure inside the night soil treatment apparatus 11:
Meanwhile,
As shown in
A top plate of the upper surface of the upper cauldron section 67 forms a detachable cauldron lid 59, and the cauldron lid 59 is fixed to an opening edge portion of the upper cauldron section 67 by bolts and so forth. The cauldron lid 59 has a pipe insertion hole which is in a hidden state in
A box-shaped dust collection section 26 for separating dust such as carbide and so forth which is a solid material and generated upon implementing drying treatment in the drying cauldron 41 is disposed at the upper position of the drying cauldron 41 at the right side surface of the housing box 12. The dust collection section 26 has inside thereof a collection bag for collecting the dust and a suction device 157 such as dust sucking fan at the lower portion. The collection bag and dust sucking fan communicate with each other via an introduction pipe 154 for sucking the dust and a discharge air pipe 158 for returning air, wherein dust is captured from air which is circulating between the introduction pipe 154, discharge air pipe 58 and drying cauldron 41, and it is stored in the collection bag. Closing valves each formed of an electromagnetic valve are provided in the introduction pipe 154 and discharge air pipe 158. Although it is omitted in
A preheating section 71 for heating discharge air while sucking it and a catalyst section 81 for adsorbing and removing preheated discharge air by the catalysts are disposed at the left side surface of the housing box 12 of the night soil treatment apparatus 11 for sucking elements of odor contained in discharge air from the quantitative tank 51, drying cauldron 41 and so forth. The preheating section 71 and catalyst section 81 are arranged in parallel with each other to form a pair of tubular structures. First, the preheating section 71 is connected to a discharge air piping 121 which is connected to the drying cauldron 41, so that the discharge air after treated in the drying cauldron 41 is introduced into to the preheating section 71 via the discharge air piping 121. The discharge air piping 121 has a closing valve formed of an electromagnetic valve, not shown in
A compressor 135 for generating air pressure to be utilized in the transfer of night soil, supply of air, cleaning of the catalysts and so forth is disposed at the front surface left side of the housing box 12. An air tank 136 is disposed in the housing box 12 at the upper portion of the back surface left side of the housing box 12. The air tank 136 is connected to the compressor 135 via a compressed air pipe 137 and temporarily stores a compressed air generated in the compressor 135. Accordingly, the air tank 136 is connected to the catalyst section 81 via a discharge pipe 138 serving as a discharge piping for jetting compressed air, and it instantaneously jets compressed air toward the catalyst section 81 when washing the catalysts, and removes the foreign objects adhered onto the catalysts by a wind pressure.
Next,
As shown in
The night soil transfer pipe 15 for discharging night soil to the drying cauldron 41 is provided at the lower end central position of the quantitative tank 51 and it has the closing valve 61 (v2). The drying cauldron 41 is disposed at the lower portion of the interior of the housing box 12 and a given quantity of night soil is supplied from the quantitative tank 51 to the night soil transfer pipe 15 at the time of treating night soil. The motor 108 and gear box 109 are provided at the central position of the cauldron lid 59 of the quantitative tank 51. The box-shaped dust collection section 26 is disposed at the upper position of the drying cauldron 41 and the suction device 157 having the dust suction fan is provided at the lower portion of the dust collection section 26. Although the preheating section 71 inside the housing box 12 is illustrated at the left side of
Structure of the drying section:
Meanwhile, the lower cauldron section 68 forms a main portion by a cylindrical body 46 having the same diameter and thickness as the cylindrical body of the upper cauldron section 67, and it is opened at the upper and lower surfaces. The axial length (height) of the cylindrical body 46 of the lower cauldron section 68 is shorter than the cylindrical body 42 of the upper cauldron section 67, for example, it is one half or one third thereof. As a result, when the drying cauldron 41 is installed, for example, on the earth and so forth, a compression strength of the lower cauldron section 68 in a vertical direction is high, and hence it can be stably installed. A bottom plate 47 is welded to the lower end of the cylindrical body 46 of the lower cauldron section 68 while the flange 57 is joined to the upper end outer peripheral edge of the cylindrical body 46 by welding. The flange 57 and joining flange 56 provided on the lower end of the upper cauldron section 67 are fastened by bolts 58 while the ring shaped packing 48 is intervened there between. An outer diameter of the flange 57 of the night soil drying transfer pipe 54 is slightly smaller than that of the joining flange 56 of the upper cauldron section 67. Accordingly, a detachable operation between the upper cauldron section 67 and lower cauldron section 68 is made with ease via both flanges. In such a manner, the lower cauldron section 68 is closed at the longitudinal cylindrical lower end side and is opened at the upper end side while the joining flanges 56 and 57 are provided at the upper end thereof. Then the upper cauldron section 67 and lower cauldron section 68 are joined to each other via the joining flanges 56 and 57, and the ring-shaped packing 48 is intervened therebetween to fasten them by the bolts 58 so that they are integrated with each other. The drying cauldron 41 is structured as a cylindrical airtight container having a flat inner bottom which is a vertical shaft cylinder and has substantially a given fixed diameter extended in a vertical direction as a whole while it is closed at the upper and lower ends thereof.
The structures of the drying apparatuses provided in the drying cauldron 41 are described next. As shown in
Stirring balls (heat accumulators) 50 stored in the drying cauldron 41:
In the drying cauldron 41, night soil is stored therein, and the drying cauldron 41 is heated by the heater 60 from the outside, thereby evaporating night soil. However, the evaporation of night soil is not smoothly implemented by merely heating the drying cauldron 41, it is necessary that night soil stored in the drying cauldron 41 is stirred to uniformly increase the temperature. Accordingly, a plurality of heat accumulators 50 for implementing stirring operation as well as assisting the heating of night soil are stored in the drying cauldron 41. The heat accumulators 50 are spherical and are made of a material formed of a metal such as stainless steel, iron, brass, or ceramics formed by sintering. Each diameter of the heat accumulators 50 is set to be in the order of one fifth to one tenth of an inner diameter of the drying cauldron 41.
A mechanism for rotating the heat accumulators (balls for drying purpose) 50 that are rotated in drying cauldron 41:
As shown in
The motor 108 and gear box 109 are supported by a motor base 111 which is supported by the cauldron lid 59 of the drying cauldron 41. That is, a circular shaft supporting hole 112 in which the stirring shaft 49 is inserted is formed at the central position of the circular cauldron lid 59 that closes the upper end of the drying cauldron 41, and an O-ring 113 which is widened in a collar at the upper end is airtightly inserted and engaged in the shaft supporting hole 112 from above so as to be fixed thereto. A bearing case 114 for supporting the stirring shaft 49 is inserted into and fixed to the O-ring 113. The bearing case 114 is longitudinally cylindrical and comprises a barrel part 115 airtightly inserted into the drying cauldron 41 through the O-ring 113 and a flange 116 that stretches toward the upper end periphery of the barrel part 115 and is placed on the O-ring 113 to be supported thereby, wherein the flange 116 is fixed to the O-ring 113 by bolts 117. A ball bearing 118 using ceramic balls is provided on the barrel part 115 of the bearing case 114 to rotatably support the stirring shaft 49. A seal base 125 having two-stage structure is fixed to the lower end of the bearing case 114 by bolts 126, and a seal member 127 for airtightly sealing a contact portion relative to an outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft 49 is provided on the seal base 125. As a result, a shaft supporting part of the stirring shaft 49 is kept airtight.
The motor 108 is a horizontal shaft type, and a shaft of the motor 108, not shown, is connected to the upper end of the stirring shaft 49 via a gear inside the gear box 109. Accordingly, the upper end of the stirring shaft 49 can be rotated about a vertical axis via the gear. The gear box 109 is supported on the motor base 111. The stirring shaft 49 is divided into an upper stirring shaft 128 and a lower stirring shaft 129, and the lower end of the upper stirring shaft 128 and the upper end of the lower stirring shaft 129 are connected to each other by couplings 130 and 131 to be integrally rotated. The stirring blade 110 is connected to the lower end of the lower stirring shaft 129, and it is rotated integrally with the lower stirring shaft 129 at the inner bottom portion of the drying cauldron 41, thereby rotating the heat accumulators 50.
Washing mechanism in the drying cauldron 41:
First, as shown in
A plurality of washing nozzles for receiving water while communicating with the cavity 143 so as to wash the interior of the drying cauldron 41 are provided at the lower end of the upper stirring shaft 128. These washing nozzles form the washing mechanism for jetting water toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41 upon completion of drying treatment of night soil to wash the interior of the drying cauldron 41, thereby removing the adherents onto the interior of the drying cauldron 41. More in detail, these nozzles are formed of a cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146, a cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 and a cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148, and structured to be a fan-shaped jet nozzles to jet high pressure water toward entire wall surfaces of the interior of the drying cauldron 41. These washing nozzles 146, 147 and 148 are positioned at portion close to the lower end of the upper stirring shaft 128, for example, positioned at the height substantially one third of the height extending from the bottom portion to the ceiling portion inside the drying cauldron 41 at the lower portion of the drying cauldron 41. More in detail, an oblong tubular washing nozzle coupling 149 is horizontally fixed to the portion close to the lower end of the upper stirring shaft 128, and a hole 149a of the nozzle coupling 149 communicates with the cavity 143 of the upper stirring shaft 128. The length of nozzle coupling 149 is about one third of the inner diameter of the drying cauldron 41. One end of the nozzle coupling 149 along the lengthwise direction is fixed to the upper stirring shaft 128 to be integrally rotated therewith. The cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146 and cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 are provided at the long protruded end side of the nozzle coupling 149. The cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146 is provided at the lower surface of the nozzle coupling 149 and has a jetting port directed downward and structured as a fan-shaped nozzle through which washing water is spread wide in the jetting direction. Meanwhile, the cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 is provided at the upper surface of the nozzle coupling 149 and has a jetting port directed upward, and is structured as a fan-shaped nozzle through which washing water is spread wide in the jetting direction. To the contrary, the cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148 is provided at the end opposite to the long protruded end of the nozzle coupling 149, namely, at the position close to an outer peripheral surface of the upper stirring shaft 128. The cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148 is provided at the end of the nozzle coupling 149 and has a jetting port directed laterally and is structured as a fan-shaped nozzle through which washing water is spread wide in the jetting direction.
Accordingly, when the stirring shaft 49 is rotated in the drying cauldron 41, and high pressure water generated by the high pressure water generation pump is supplied to the water washing pipe 18, and also the high pressure washing water is supplied from the water washing pipe 18 to the upper stirring shaft 128 via the rotary joint 144, high pressure water is jetted laterally in a fan-shape from the cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146, cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 and cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148 so that washing water strikes against all the ceiling, bottom surface and side surface of the drying cauldron 41 while the stirring shaft 49 is rotated, thereby washing the foreign objects such as carbide and so forth remaining in the drying cauldron 41 upon completion of drying treatment of night soil so as to be discharged in the bottom of the cauldron. As a result, the adherents such as carbide and so forth remaining in the cauldron can be washed out to be removed.
A stirring blade washing nozzle 150 is provided inside the drying cauldron 41 separately from the washing nozzles. The stirring blade washing nozzle 150 jets high pressure water from above the interior of the drying cauldron 41 toward the inner bottom side, thereby washing individually the stirring blade 110 and the surroundings thereof. For example, after completing the washing by the cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146, cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 and cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148, there is a possibility that the foreign objects such as carbide and so forth remain in the stirring blade 110 disposed on the bottom of the drying cauldron 41. Accordingly, high pressure water is further jetted from the upper position of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 to enhance an jetting effect. The stirring blade washing nozzle 150 is disposed at the peripheral side of the cauldron lid 59. A washing nozzle insertion hole (e.g. circular hole) 218 through which the stirring blade washing nozzle 150 is inserted from the upper portion is bored in the cauldron lid 59, and a supporting cylinder 161 and a lid 162 are provided at the position surrounding this hole at the periphery of the washing nozzle insertion hole 218. The longitudinal tubular nozzle coupling 149 is airtightly inserted into the lid 162, and the stirring blade washing nozzle 150 is provided in a suspended state under the nozzle coupling 149. The stirring blade washing nozzle 150 is structured that a fan-shaped nozzle is provided at the tip end of an elbow-shaped pipe which is bent toward the cauldron bottom center side, and it can jet high pressure water toward the periphery from the cauldron bottom center. Although washing water from the water tank 13 is supplied to the stirring blade washing nozzle 150 by the high pressure water generation pump, high pressure water from the high pressure water generation pump flows at piping which is separated from a water supply system comprising the cauldron inner bottom washing nozzle 146, cauldron inner ceiling washing nozzle 147 and cauldron inner peripheral wall washing nozzle 148 by washing water switching valves, described later with reference to
Outline of structures of the preheating section 71, catalyst section 81 and a catalyst cleaning mechanism:
The night soil drying treatment apparatus according to the invention, as mentioned above, is provided with the preheating section 71 for heating discharge air at a constant temperature for efficiently sucking the elements of odor of discharge air from the drying cauldron 41, and catalyst section 81 for subjecting the elements of odor to the oxidation and reduction by causing the preheated discharge air to contact the catalysts and a wind pressure cleaning mechanism for blowing off the adherents onto the surfaces of catalysts by a wind pressure while supplying compressed air to the catalyst mechanism upon completion of drying treatment.
The catalyst section 81 is illustrated at the bottom left of
An air tank 136 for forming the catalyst cleaning section is illustrated at the upper portion of
Structure of the preheating section 71:
The structure of the preheating section 71 is described now in detail with reference to
Next, the lower lid 74 for closing the lower end of the outer cylinder 72 is opened at the center thereof to form the circular through hole 77. A heating cylinder 173 having a diameter smaller than that of the intermediate cylinder 78 is inserted into the inner side of the intermediate cylinder 78 via the through hole 77. The upper end of the heating cylinder 173 is closed by a flat lid plate 175 and the cauldron lid 59 is set at a position lower than the central position of the suction hole 79 of the discharge air introduction pipe 75 of the outer cylinder 72. A preheating heater 176 such as an electric heater is integrally built in the interior of the heating cylinder 173, and when the preheating heater 176 is heated, heating operation relative to the outer peripheral side of the heating cylinder 173 is implemented. By this, a second cylindrical space (hereinafter referred to as inner cylindrical space) 177 is formed between the intermediate cylinder 78 and heating cylinder 173. In such a manner, the inner cylindrical space 177 is formed between the heating cylinder 173 and the intermediate cylinder 78, so that discharge air flown inwardly from the outer cylindrical space 171 via the discharge air path hole 172 enters the inner cylindrical space 177, as shown in an arrow in
An outer diameter of the heating cylinder 173 is substantially the same as the diameter of the through hole 77 formed at the central portion of the lower lid 74, and the outer surface of the heating cylinder 173 is inserted into the through hole 77 of the lower lid 74 in a state of close contact with the through hole 77. Further, the lower end side portion of the heating cylinder 173 protrudes under the outer cylinder 72. The lower end side at the portion protruded downward from the outer cylinder of the heating cylinder 173 is opened, and the preheating heater 176 is inserted into substantially the entire area of the interior of the heating cylinder 173. A terminal wires 178 of the preheating heater 176 extend under the heating cylinder 173, and they are held by a holding plate 179 disposed under the outer cylinder 72. The holding plate 179 serves as a lid plate for closing the interior of the heating cylinder 173.
Constituent members of the preheating section 71:
Structure of the catalyst section 81:
The catalyst section 81 has the outer cylinder 82 having the same length and diameter as those of the high temperature discharge air introduction pipe 85. The outer cylinder 82 is a vertical axis type and structured by a cylinder made of corrosion resistant metal and is opened at the upper and lower ends. The outer cylinder 82 has the upper lid 83 at the upper end and the lower lid 84 at the lower end. The upper lid 83 is circular and is opened at the center to form a cleaning air introduction hole 95. The cleaning air introduction pipe 87 is provided on the cleaning air introduction hole 95 and it is connected to the discharge pipe 138 at the air tank 136 side. Further, the outer cylinder 82 is penetrated to be opened at the portion close to the upper end of the peripheral wall thereof to form a high temperature discharge air introduction hole 92 for introducing high temperature discharge air heated at the preheating section. The high temperature discharge air introduction pipe 85 is provided in the high temperature discharge air introduction hole 92. The lower lid 84 is structured as a base plate by boring a square plate to form a circular hole 96 at the central portion, and the circular hole 96 of the lower lid 84 is kept airtight by mounting a heater thereon, described later. The peripheral wall of the outer cylinder 82 is opened to form a discharge air hole 97 which is directed laterally and positioned at the lower end side of the outer cylinder 82 and the outer discharge air pipe 86 is provided in the discharge air hole 97. The outer periphery side of the outer cylinder 82 is covered with an insulating material, not shown.
A heating cylinder 98 having a diameter of about one half of that of the outer cylinder 82 is inserted into the circular hole 96 formed at the central portion of the lower lid 84 which closes the lower end of the outer cylinder 82. The heating cylinder 98 is formed of a corrosion resistant metal. When the heating cylinder 98 is inserted into the circular hole 96 of the lower lid 84, the circular hole 96 is kept airtight. The heating cylinder 98 is formed of an integrated member and the upper end thereof is formed of a dome-shape. The top portion of this dome is set to be substantially the same height as central position of the hole of the high temperature discharge air introduction pipe 85 of the outer cylinder 82. A catalyst heater 100 such as an electric heater is inserted into and assembled with the interior of the heating cylinder 98, wherein the heating cylinder 98 is heated from the inner side by the catalyst heater 100, so that the heating operation toward the outside of the heating cylinder 98 is implemented. By the insertion of the heating cylinder 98, a cylindrical space 103 is formed between the outer cylinder 82 and heating cylinder 98. The lower end side portion of the heating cylinder 98 protrudes under the outer cylinder 82. The lower end side of the portion protruded under the outer cylinder 82 of the heating cylinder 98 is opened, and the catalyst heater 100 is inserted into substantially entire interior area of the heating cylinder 98. Terminal wires of the catalyst heater 100 extend under the heating cylinder 98, and they are held by a holding plate 105 disposed under the outer cylinder 82. The holding plate 105 serves as a lid plate for closing the interior of the heating cylinder 98.
The catalysts 106 for subjecting the elements of odor to oxidation and reduction are stored in the cylindrical space 103 formed by the outer cylinder 82 and heating cylinder 98. The catalysts 106 are each formed of hollow metallic catalysts which are disposed in the periphery of the heating cylinder 98 along its axial direction, and they are disposed and fixed between the position of the high temperature discharge air introduction hole 92 of the high temperature discharge air introduction pipe 85 in the cylindrical space 103 and the position of the discharge air hole 97 of the outer discharge air pipe 86, respectively in the axial direction. The catalysts 106 are formed by connecting a plurality of (e.g. 7 pieces of) ring-shaped catalyst elements and detachably fixed to the periphery of the heating cylinder 98 by a holding member, not shown.
With the structure as mentioned above, when the thickness of each catalyst 106 in the circumferential direction is thinned and the metallic catalysts are used, heat of the catalyst heater 100 disposed inside the heating cylinder 98 is uniformly transferred circumferentially, and the temperature of each catalyst element is less varied, thereby obtaining uniform heating. Further, since the metallic catalysts are used as the catalysts 106, heat conduction is enhanced, the catalysts 106 can be heated in a short time up to a catalyst activation temperature with low heat capacity. Further, since the edge of each catalyst 106 is thin and an area where gas passes is wide, a pressure loss is small and dust and so forth is hardly clogged. Further, since each catalyst 106 has a hollow structure and the catalyst heater 100 is disposed at the central portion of the catalyst section 81, the catalyst section 81 can be small sized.
According to the present embodiment, the drying cauldron 41 is heated to evaporate night soil inside the drying cauldron 41, and the discharge air mechanism is provided for sucking air and moisture evaporated in the drying cauldron 41 while the catalyst section 81 is intervened between the drying cauldron 41 and discharge air mechanism for subjecting the elements of odor to oxidation and deduction, and the odor pipe is connected between an inflow side of the catalyst section 81 and the upper space of the night soil tank 5 for causing air to flow, whereby air and vapor are discharged outside by the discharge air mechanism during vaporizing drying treatment of night soil in the drying cauldron 41, and the elements of odor is subjected to oxidation and reduction by the catalyst section 81 in the midway of discharge of air and vapor, and simultaneously air in the upper spaces of the night soil tank 5, piping and drying cauldron 41 and so forth is sucked by the odor pipe to cause to pass through the catalyst section 81, thereby causing the odor to be odorless in the space of the night soil tank 5 and so forth.
Constituent members of the catalyst section 81:
Structure of the dust collection section 26:
Then, the structure of the dust collection section 26 is described with reference to
An outer shell of the dust collection section 26 comprises a collection box 152 and a side lid plate 153, and a cubic structure which is hollow inside is formed by the collection box 152 and side lid plate 153. The collection box 152 is formed by bending a thin steel sheet and one side surface (front right side in
The upper surface of the collection box 152 is flat and square, and an introduction pipe 154 communicating with the interior of the collection box 152 is fixed to the upper central surface of the collection box 152 at the center thereof. A dust bag 155 formed of a breathing material such as a cloth or paper which is sewn in cubic shape is housed in an inner space of the collection box 152 at the upper portion thereof. The dust bag 155 has a shape which is closed from the outside, and the upper portion thereof is connected to the lower end of the introduction pipe 154, thereby causing the introduction pipe 154 and the inner space of the dust bag 155 to communicate with each other. The dust bag 155 is formed of a coarse material such as a cloth or paper and so forth, thereby causing air to flow through a film surface thereof, but it has a function to capture dust at the surface thereof. Accordingly, air introduced from the introduction pipe 154 into the interior of the dust bag 155 passes through the film surface of the dust bag 155, and dust mixed with air is captured by the film surface of the dust bag 155, so that cleaned air alone flows out in the inner space of the collection box 152.
Further, a filter 156 formed of a fine wire gauze is provided on a bottom surface of the interior of the collection box 152, and it can collect rubbish and dust having relatively large size. A fan 174 is built in the lower surface of the collection box 152 at the center thereof, and a suction device 157 for sucking air inside the collection box 152 toward outside is fixed to the lower surface of the collection box 152. A discharge pipe 158 for discharging air sucked from the collection box 152 toward the direction of G in
Connecting state of piping to the drying cauldron 41 in the night soil treatment apparatus 11:
Described next with reference to
Described first is holes for use in connection of piping provided in the drying cauldron 41. As shown in
Next,
Each piping is described in detail hereafter. The night soil suction piping (night soil transfer pipe) 15 for sucking night soil from the night soil tank (omitted in
Described next is a piping system for discharging the odor from the drying cauldron 41. An end of the discharge air piping 121 is connected to the odor discharge hole 216 of the drying cauldron 41 and the other end of the discharge air piping 121 is connected to a discharge air inlet part (discharge air introduction pipe 75) of the preheating section 71 shown in the bottom left of
The odor discharge piping 16 extended from the upper portion of the quantitative tank 51 for temporarily storing night soil is connected to the discharge air piping 121 for discharging the odor from the drying cauldron 41 to the preheating section 71 side by a three directional pipe coupling 70. A suction force is generated by preheating at the preheating section 71 side and a negative pressure caused by a suction operation of an ejector 210 of the catalyst section 81 against the open air side at the connection portion between the discharge air piping 121 and the odor discharge pipe 16. Accordingly, the suction operation is generated in the upper inner space of the quantitative tank 51 via the odor discharge pipe 16 so that air containing the elements of odor inside the quantitative tank 51 is sucked toward the discharge air piping 207 side and is discharged to the open air side. Meanwhile, a closing valve v3 is provided in the odor discharge pipe 16. The closing valve v3 is controlled by a control device and is normally opened so as to discharge the odor, but it is closed when night soil is transferred from the quantitative tank 51 to the drying cauldron 41. The reason is that, as shown in
Described next is a piping system of the dust collection section 26 for collecting dust such as carbide and so forth remaining in the drying cauldron 41 by sucking air inside the drying cauldron 41 outside to be circulated upon completion of drying treatment. The collection box 152 described with reference to
Further, as shown in the bottoms of
Structure of the connection of piping of the entire apparatus:
In
Structure of the night soil transfer system piping:
The night soil tank 5 is disposed under the toilet stool 6. A peripheral wall of the night soil tank 5 is structured airtight and the interior of the night soil tank 5 is kept airtight. A night soil exit of the toilet stool 6 and a night soil inlet provided on the upper portion of the night soil tank 5 are connected to each other by the night soil pipe 20. The night soil pipe 20 is provided with a valve, not shown, capable of airtightly closing the interior of the night soil pipe 20, and the interior of the night soil pipe 20 is airtightly closed after night soil is discharged in the night soil tank 5. The toilet stool 6 is a flushing toilet stool, and the water washing pipe 18 for supplying washing water from the water tank 13 is connected to the toilet stool 6. Night soil W excreted from a utilizer is stored inside the night soil tank 5 together with flushing water. A night soil sensor (e.g. float sensor) 184 for automatically detecting the quantity of night soil stored inside the night soil tank 5 is provided in the night soil tank 5. A detection signal representing the quantity of stored night soil is outputted from the night soil sensor 184 to a control section, described later. A sensor, not shown, for detecting the quantity of remaining night soil is also provided at the inner bottom portion side of the night soil tank 5, and a signal noticing the quantity of night soil remaining in the night soil tank 5 is outputted from the night soil sensor to the control section, described later.
The night soil transfer pipe 15 is provided between the night soil tank 5 and quantitative tank 51 so as to connect therebetween. The night soil suction port provided at one end of the night soil transfer pipe 15 is disposed at the inner bottom portion of the night soil tank 5 so as to suck night soil stored in the night soil tank 5. The night soil discharge port provided at the other end of the night soil transfer pipe 15 is airtightly connected to the cauldron lid for keeping the upper end of the quantitative tank 51 airtight, and it is opened downward at the interior of the quantitative tank 51. The closing valve v1 is provided in the night soil transfer pipe 15. The closing valve v1 is subjected to opening and closing control in response to an instruction signal from the control section so that it is controlled to transfer the quantity of night soil which is set for a load of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron 41. That is, if it is decided that the quantity of the night soil stored inside the night soil tank 5 at the toilet stool 6 side reaches a set quantity of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment, the closing valve v1 is opened so that the quantity of night soil as set for one load of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron 41 is transferred to the quantitative tank 51. The closing valve v1 is closed after the set quantity of night soil is stored in the quantitative tank 51. A night soil sensor 185 for automatically detecting the quantity of night soil to be transferred is provided in the quantitative tank 51 so as to control the closing valve v1. The night soil sensor 185 is a float sensor and a detection signal representing the quantity of night soil in the quantitative tank 51 is outputted from the night soil sensor 185 to the control section. A detection signal representing the quantity of transfer of night soil is outputted from the night soil sensor 185 to the control section in response to the detection signal representing the quantity of night soil to control the closing valve so that the quantity of night soil is stored in the quantitative tank 51.
Further, there is provided the night soil drying transfer pipe 54 for connecting the quantitative tank 51 and drying cauldron 41. The night soil suction port provided at one end of the night soil drying transfer pipe 54 is disposed at the inner bottom portion of the quantitative tank 51 so that it can suck the entire quantity of night soil stored in the quantitative tank 51. The night soil discharge port provided at the other end of the quantitative tank 51 is airtightly connected to the cauldron lid 59 for keeping the upper end of the drying cauldron 41 airtight, and the night soil discharge port is opened downward toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41. The closing valve v2 is provided in the night soil drying transfer pipe 54. The closing valve v2 is subjected to opening and closing control in response to an instruction signal from the control section so as to be controlled to transfer the quantity of night soil as set for one load of night soil to be subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron 41. That is, it is set such that the entire quantity of night soil stored in the quantitative tank 51 is transferred to the drying cauldron 41, thereafter the closing valve v2 is closed.
(2) Structure of the water supply system:
A water supply source of the water supply system is the water tank 13 from which two pipes are connected, and one pipe is the water washing pipe 18. The water washing pipe 18 supplies flushing water to the toilet stool 6 to wash the interior of the toilet stool 6, and it is connected to the toilet stool 6 as mentioned in the above column (1). The other pipe is a cauldron washing pipe 62 for supplying washing water to the interior of the drying cauldron 41 so as to wash the drying cauldron 41. A high pressure water generation pump 63 is provided in the cauldron washing pipe 62 via a closing valve v8, and the cauldron washing pipe 62 is branched into two at the downstream side of the high pressure water generation pump 63. A branch pipe 64 which is one branch of the cauldron washing pipe 62 is connected to the stirring shaft 49 so as to supply water to the washing nozzles 146, 147 and 148 of the stirring shaft 49 provided at the central position of the cauldron lid 59 of the drying cauldron 41 (more in detail, the branch pipe 64 is connected to the rotary joint 144 provided at the upper end of the stirring shaft 49, not shown in
(3) Structure of the air system piping:
The air system piping is roughly divided into four types. The first air system piping comprises a compressor 135 and an air pressure system piping 231 for connecting between the compressor 135, night soil tank 5 and quantitative tank 51. The air pressure system piping 231 is piping for selectively supplying compressed air from the compressor 135 to the night soil tank 5 and the quantitative tank 51 so as to pressurize the interior of the night soil tank 5 or the interior of the quantitative tank 51 so that night soil is transferred from the night soil tank 5 to the quantitative tank 51 or from the quantitative tank 51 to the drying cauldron 41 by pressurizing the surface of night soil stored in the drying cauldron 41. The pressure system piping 231 comprises a piping 232 for cleaning air connected to the compressor 135 for causing compressed air discharged from the compressor 135 to flow, a compressed air branch piping 233 for transferring night soil comprised of one of branch pipes which are branched from the piping 232 for cleaning air, and a night soil tank inner pressure application piping 234 which is connected to the night soil tank 5 and quantitative tank 51 while branched from the compressed air branch piping 233 for transferring night soil into two, and a quantitative tank inner pressure application piping 235. Closing valves v11 and v12 are provided in the night soil tank inner pressure application piping 234 and quantitative tank inner pressure application piping 235. The other piping of branch pipes which are branched from the piping 232 for cleaning air into two is a compressed air branch piping 236 for cleaning catalysts, described later, and a closing valve v13 is provided in the compressed air branch piping 236 for cleaning catalysts. If the closing valve v13 of the other branch piping of the compressed air branch piping 236 for cleaning catalysts is closed, compressed air is caused to flow to the compressed air branch piping 233 for transferring night soil formed of one branch piping of the piping 232 for cleaning air. The closing valves v11 and v12 of the night soil tank inner pressure application piping 234 and quantitative tank inner pressure application piping 235 which are branched from the compressed air branch piping 233 for transferring night soil are subjected to opening and closing operation while they are switched over. That is, in the case where night soil W is transferred from the night soil tank 5 to the quantitative tank 51, the closing valve v11 of the night soil tank inner pressure application piping 234 is opened, and closing valve v12 of the quantitative tank inner pressure application piping 235 is closed. As a result, the interior of the night soil tank 5 is pressurized so that night soil W is transferred from the night soil tank 5 to the quantitative tank 51. On the other hand, opposite to the above case, in the case where the closing valve v11 of the night soil tank inner pressure application piping 234 is closed and the closing valve v12 of the quantitative tank inner pressure application piping 235 is opened, the interior of the quantitative tank 51 is pressurized so that night soil W is transferred from the quantitative tank 51 to the drying cauldron 41.
The second air system piping is an odor discharge system piping comprising apparatuses containing an odor generated from night soil, namely, the night soil tank 5 for storing night soil, quantitative tank 51, and drying cauldron 41 connected to the preheating section 71 and catalyst section 81 serving as deodorizing apparatus whereby the odor is removed to be discharged to the open air side. The odor discharge system piping is structured that the night soil tank odor discharge system piping 241 is connected to the night soil tank 5 so as to suck the odor inside the night soil tank 5 toward the outside. A closing valve v14 is provided in the night soil tank odor discharge system piping 241, and it is set to be always opened, and to be closed only in the case where compressed air from the compressor 135 is introduced into the quantitative tank 51 at the time of transferring the night soil of the quantitative tank 51. Further, quantitative tank odor discharge piping 16 is connected to the quantitative tank 51 so as to suck the odor inside the quantitative tank 51 toward the outside. The closing valve v3 is also provided in the quantitative tank odor discharge piping 16, and it is set to be always opened, and to be closed only in the case where compressed air from the compressor 135 is introduced into the drying cauldron 41 at the time of transferring the night soil to the drying cauldron 41. Still further, the discharge air piping 121 is connected to the drying cauldron 41 so as to suck the odor inside the drying cauldron 41 toward the outside of the tank. The closing valve v7 is provided also in the discharge air piping 121 and it is set to be always opened, and closed only in the case where dust is captured by the dust collection section 26 due to air circulation between the drying cauldron 41 and dust collection section 26 when the dust collection section 26 is driven. The discharge air piping 121 from the drying cauldron 41 is connected to the discharge air introduction pipe 75 of the preheating section 71. Further, the night soil tank odor discharge system piping 241 and quantitative tank odor discharge piping 16 are united with each other, and it becomes a single pipe extended from the united portion, and further, it is united with the discharge air piping (discharge air pipe) 121. In such a manner, the night soil tank odor discharge system piping 241, quantitative tank odor discharge piping 16 and discharge air piping 121 are all united with one another, which is connected to the discharge air introduction pipe 75 of the preheating section 71. The preheating section 71 has a function to suck air in the discharge air piping 121 by always heating air, as set forth above. Further, the discharge air piping 207 for discharging air to the open air side is provided in the catalyst section 81 communicating with the preheating section 71, and the ejector 210 using the fan 208 is provided at the discharge air exit of the discharge air piping 207, whereby a compulsive air discharging operation directing from the catalyst section 81 to the open air side is implemented by the ejector 210. Accordingly, air containing the odor inside the discharge air piping 121 and air containing the odor inside the night soil tank odor discharge system piping 241 connected to the discharge air piping 121 and air inside the quantitative tank odor discharge piping 16 are sucked toward the preheating section 71, respectively, so that elements of odor are adsorbed in the catalyst section 81 to become odorless, then it is discharged to the open side.
The third air system piping is a dust collection air system piping comprising the introduction pipe 154 and discharge pipe 158 respectively connecting between the drying cauldron 41 and collection box 152 of the dust collection section 26. The dust collection air system piping is provided, as shown in
Structure of control section:
A structure of an electric system for automatically controlling the entire night soil treatment apparatus 11 according to the present embodiment will be next now described with reference to a block diagram of
Signal system inputted to the central processing circuit 191:
A temperature sensor 180 for detecting the change of temperature is provided in the drying cauldron 41 and an output signal of temperature from the temperature sensor 180 is inputted to a temperature discrimination circuit 196. Further, a temperature sensor 181 is provided in the exit of the catalyst section 81, and an output signal of temperature from the temperature sensor 181 is also inputted to the temperature discrimination circuit 196. A discrimination signal from the temperature discrimination circuit 196 is inputted to the central processing circuit 191. An output signal from an operation instruction switch 183 is inputted to a dry instruction circuit 197, and a discrimination signal from the dry instruction circuit 197 is inputted to the central processing circuit 191 (the operation instruction switch 183 is manually operated by an operator, and not automatically operated). Further, output signals from the night soil sensor or float sensor 184 provided in the night soil tank 5 and float sensor 185 provided in the quantitative tank 51 are inputted to a night soil detection circuit 198, respectively, and a discrimination signal from the night soil detection circuit 198 is inputted to the central processing circuit 191. Meanwhile, an output of a power supply switch 192 for starting operation of the entire night soil treatment apparatus 11 is also inputted to the central processing circuit 191.
Signal system outputted from the central processing circuit 191:
The central processing circuit 191 compares various input signals with conditions stored as a program in advance inside thereof, thereby operating various apparatuses provided in the night soil treatment apparatus 11 on the basis of the result of discrimination. Accordingly, it is possible to output a plurality of control signals from the central processing circuit 191. A plurality of independent control signals are outputted from the central processing circuit 191, and respective control signals are inputted to a pump control circuit 200, a motor control circuit 201, a closing valve control circuit 202, a heater control circuit 203, a fan control circuit 204, a compressor control circuit 205.
The high pressure water generation pump 63 is connected to an output of the pump control circuit 200 and the motor 108 of the drying cauldron 41 is connected to an output of the motor control circuit 201. Further, the closing valves v1, . . . v15 are connected to an output of closing valve control circuit 202, while the heater 60 of the drying cauldron 41, the preheating heater 176 of the preheating section 71 and the catalyst heater 100 of the catalyst section 81 are connected to an output of the heater control circuit 203, respectively, and the fan 174 of the dust collection section 26 and the fan 208 of the catalyst section 81 are connected to the fan control circuit 204, respectively. Still further, the compressor 135 is connected to the compressor control circuit 205.
Night soil drying step:
Non-operation state
In a state where the night soil treatment apparatus 11 is put in storage in a warehouse and so forth, or in a state where although the night soil treatment apparatus 11 is installed on an event site, a construction site, disaster site and so forth, it is not used at night or on holiday and so forth, the power supply switch 192 is turned off (namely, the circuit is not turned on), respective apparatuses constituting the night soil treatment apparatus 11 maintains a stopping state. If the power supply switch 192 is set to be turned off, the central processing circuit 191 maintains a stopping state in response to a signal outputted from the power supply switch 192, and it supplies a stopping signal to the pump control circuit 200, motor control circuit 201, closing valve control circuit 202, heater control circuit 203, fan control circuit 204 and compressor control circuit 205. In the stopping state, the pump control circuit 200 stops the operation of the high pressure water generation pump 63 while the motor control circuit 201 stops the motor 108, the fan control circuit 204 stops the fans 174 and 208, and the compressor control circuit 205 stops the compressor 135. The closing valve control circuit 202 closes the closing valves v1 to v15, and the heater control circuit 203 does not supply electricity to heaters 60, 100 and 176.
Installment of the night soil drying treatment apparatus:
When excreta is treated by installing the night soil drying treatment apparatus on an event site, a construction site, a disaster site and so forth, the temporary toilet 1 and night soil treatment apparatus 11 shown in
Standby by turning on a power supply:
In the case where the night soil drying treatment apparatus is temporarily provided on the construction site, event site, disaster site and so forth so as to be temporarily used, the temporary toilet 1 and respective mechanisms housed in the night soil treatment apparatus 11 are started up, thereby proceeding to a standby state so as to immediately treat night soil excreted to the toilet stool 6. The power supply switch 192 provided in the night soil treatment apparatus 11 is turned on (power supply is turned on) so as to set the night soil drying treatment apparatus in a standby state. When the power supply switch 192 is turned on, the night soil treatment apparatus starts an operation so that the night soil treatment apparatus is rendered in a state to start treatment of night soil. A signal from the power supply switch 192 generated when the power supply switch 192 is turned on is transmitted to the central processing circuit 191, so that the central processing circuit 191 switches over the states of the pump control circuit 200, motor control circuit 201, closing valve control circuit 202, heater control circuit 203, fan control circuit 204 and compressor control circuit 205 to operable states. However, unless there is operation for turning on the operation instruction switch 183 (a behavior for starting operation manually), the pump control circuit 200, motor control circuit 201, closing valve control circuit 202, heater control circuit 203, fan control circuit 204 and compressor control circuit 205 do not at all operate. It is because in the case where night soil to be subjected to drying treatment is not stored in the night soil tank 5, the night soil drying treatment apparatus is not required to operate.
Use of the temporary toilet 1 by a utilizer:
If the power supply switch 192 is turned on, both the mechanisms of the temporary toilet 1 and night soil treatment apparatus 11 are rendered in a standby state, so that the utilizer can use the night soil drying treatment apparatus at any time. When the temporary toilet 1 in the standby state is used, the utilizer pulls the door open, not shown, to enter the house. If the utilizer enters the interior of the house, he or she excretes night soil toward the toilet stool 6. Accordingly, night soil is thrown in the interior of the night soil tank 5 as it is through the lower opening of the toilet stool 6, then night soil is stored in the night soil tank 5 in a state as it is. These mechanisms have the same function as a tank type temporary toilet which has been conventionally used.
Start of evaporating drying treatment:
In the case where the temporary toilet 1 is used to some extent and the storage quantity of night soil W inside the night soil tank 5 increases to reach a set quantity detected by the float sensor 184, a transfer and evaporating drying treatment of night soil W are started automatically in response to the instruction from the control device. The start of this treatment causes night soil W to flow in the direction from the night soil tank 5 to the quantitative tank 51 and night soil treatment apparatus 11 so that the evaporating drying treatment is started.
Throwing of night soil W in the quantitative tank 51 and drying treatment:
As shown in
A concrete operation at the time of transferring night soil from the night soil tank 5 to the quantitative tank 51 and drying cauldron 41 is described with reference to
Then, as shown in
Dust Collecting Step:
In the dust collecting step, the preheating heater 176 and catalyst heater 100 are first stopped (S101). Then the fan (exit fan) 208 of the catalyst section 81 is stopped (S102) to actuate the fan (collection fan) 174 of the dust collection section 26 (S103). Thereafter, the closing valves (collection valve and collection return valve) v4, v5 are opened (S104). As a result, air flown in the interior of the dust bag 155 from the introduction pipe 154 passes through the film surface of the dust bag 155 so that dust mixed in air is captured by the film surface of the dust bag 155, and only clean air flows the inner space of the collection box 152. This step is implemented for a set time (S105), then the closing valves v4, v5 are closed (S106) and the collection fan 174 is stopped (S107). With this procedure, air is circulated in the collection box 152 by the fan collection 174 via the introduction pipe 154 and discharge pipe 158 connected to the drying cauldron 41 so that dust can be collected in the dust bag 155 inside the collection box 152.
Drying Cauldron Cleaning Step:
The washing operation is next described with reference to
Thereafter, the valve B is opened (S210) to wash the stirring shaft 49 and nozzles (S211). That is, washing water supplied from the high pressure water generation pump 63 is switched over to the branch pipe 65, thereby supplying washing water to the stirring blade washing nozzle 150 provided at the side portion of the interior of the drying cauldron 41. By this, high pressure water is jetted from the sideway of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 in a fan-shape so that the stirring blade 110 provided at the inner bottom of the drying cauldron 41, bolls 50 serving as the heat accumulators, washing nozzles 146, 147 and 148, and so forth are washed by jetted washing water. The washing operation is implemented during a set time (S212), then the valve B is closed (S213) and the high pressure water generation pump 63 is stopped (S214).
With the above-mentioned operations, water is jetted toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41 upon completion of night soil treatment to wash the interior of the drying cauldron 41, thereby removing adherents onto the drying cauldron 41, so that carbide inside the drying cauldron 41 can be substantially completely removed. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent carbide from being remained inside the drying cauldron 41 to thereby clean the ceiling portion, peripheral wall portion, bottom portion and so forth of the interior of the drying cauldron 41, so that resistance to rotation of the stirring blade 110 is not generated when the drying cauldron 41 is used, and generation of abnormal noise caused by friction and generation of trouble of the motor 108 and so forth can be prevented. Further, since the washing mechanism is comprised of the water tank 13 for washing the toilet stool 6, cauldron washing pipe 62 for introducing water from the water tank 13 into the drying cauldron 41, high pressure water generation pump 63 provided in the cauldron washing pipe 62 and jet nozzles 146, 147, 148 and 150 provided at the tip end of the cauldron washing pipe 62 for jetting high pressure water toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41, the structure becomes simplified. Further, the jet nozzles 146, 147 and 148 are provided on the stirring shaft 49 which is rotated in the drying cauldron 41 and washing water is jetted toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41 while the stirring shaft 49 is rotated, the drying cauldron 41 can be washed throughout the interior thereof. Further, since the water washing pipe 18 is divided into plural numbers and washing water from the water tank 13 can be jetted toward the different positions of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 by switching over the valves, thereby individually washing the respective different positions.
Catalyst washing step:
To that end, according to the present embodiment, as shown in
More in detail, as shown in
This operation is now described with reference to
With such a structure and operation, the odor in discharge air upon completion of drying treatment is removed and the adherents onto the surfaces of catalysts are blown off by the wind pressure to automatically wash the surfaces of catalysts so that the surfaces of the metallic catalysts and so forth can be always kept clean, and a function to suck the odor can be maintained over a long term. Further, since as the wind pressure cleaning mechanism is structured that compressed air supplied from the compressor 135 is stored in the air tank 136 and it is instantaneously jetted by the catalyst mechanism at the time of cleaning, the catalyst can be efficiently cleaned in a short time with a simple structure. Still further, since the wind pressure cleaning mechanism is set to implement cleaning treatment every time one load of night soil is subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron 41, it is possible to remove the objects adhered onto the catalysts 106 immediately after they are adhered onto the catalysts 106, and to peel off the adherents with ease before they are solidified.
According to the embodiment set forth above, washing water is jetted toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41 every time one cycle of night soil dying treatment is completed by providing the washing mechanism for removing adherents onto the interior of the drying cauldron 41, thereby removing the adherents onto the interior of the drying cauldron 41 by automatically washing the interior of the drying cauldron 41, so that it is possible to prevent carbide and so forth from being adhered, solidified, accumulated and so forth in the interior of the drying cauldron 41 every time drying treatment of night soil W is completed. Accordingly, since heat transfer of the heater 60 of the drying cauldron 41 caused by the accumulation of carbide and so forth is not hindered, it is possible to smoothly implement treatment of the next cycle and succeeding treatment. For example, even in the structure for implementing control based on the temperature of the drying cauldron 41, the next treatment step can be proceeded under the complete condition so that the structure can be continuously used for a long term. Since carbide is prevented from adhered onto the interior upper surface of the drying cauldron 41 and carbide collection piping inlet, the necessity of periodic cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 can be considerably reduced, and the frequency of cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 can be sharply reduced. Further, the problem of clogging of piping and so forth can be solved. Accordingly, the washing mechanism is almost dispensed with cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 by periodically detaching the drying cauldron 41 or top plate in order to remove carbide which has been made conventionally, the working for attaching and detaching the top late of the drying cauldron 41 by an operator, the working for scraping carbide in the drying cauldron 41, the working for collecting the scraped carbide and so forth, so that the service life of the apparatus can be lengthened while omitting many troublesome time and effort, and convenience in various installing place can be enhanced, and also time, effort and cost involved in the operation and storage of the apparatus and so forth can be reduced.
Further, since the cauldron washing pipe 62 for introducing water from the water tank 13 into the drying cauldron 41 can be used in the washing mechanism, the washing cleaning mechanism is simplified by efficiently utilizing the same water supply source as that for washing the toilet stool, and also the washing mechanism is provided with the high pressure water generation pump 63 provided in the cauldron washing pipe 62, jet nozzles 146, 147, 148 and 150 provided at the tip end of the cauldron washing pipe 62 for jetting high pressure water toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41, carbide and other various foreign objects adhered onto the interior of the drying cauldron 41 can be washed with high capacity, thereby implementing washing operation efficiently with high functionality. Still further, the jet nozzles 146, 147, 148 are provided on the stirring shaft 49 which is rotated in the drying cauldron 41, and they are structured to jet washing water toward the interior of the drying cauldron 41 while the stirring shaft 49 is rotated, so that uniform cleaning can be implemented by extensively jetting washing water toward all over the interior of the drying cauldron 41. More still further, the washing pipe is divided into plural numbers as the branch pipes 64, 65, and washing water from the water tank 13 is jetted toward the different positions of the interior of the drying cauldron 41 so as to individually implement washing by switching over valves of the branch pipes 64, 65, so that washing effect can be further enhanced by washing water from various directions. Further, it is possible to wash the stirring blade 110, various washing pipes per se and so forth, thereby preventing the jet nozzles 146, 147, 148, 150 from being clogged, thereby exerting excellent function in terms of maintenance of soundness of the apparatus.
Further, the catalyst section 81 for removing the odor in discharge air upon completion of drying treatment is provided with the wind pressure cleaning mechanism for blowing off adherents onto the surfaces of catalysts by a wind pressure while supplying compressed air after treatment, so that the wind pressure cleaning mechanism has a function to automatically clean the surfaces of catalysts. Accordingly, the surfaces of the metallic catalysts and so forth can be always kept clean, and a function to suck the odor can be maintained over a long term. Further, since the wind pressure cleaning mechanism is structured that compressed air supplied from the compressor 135 is stored in the air tank 136 to instantaneously jet compressed air toward the catalyst section 81 at the time of cleaning, the catalysts can be efficiently cleaned in a short time with a simple structure. Still further, it is possible to remove the objects adhered onto the catalysts 106 immediately after they are adhered onto the catalysts 106, and to peel off the adherents with ease before they are solidified.
As mentioned above, according to the first aspect of the invention, there is provided the water washing mechanism for removing adherents onto the drying cauldron, which mechanism jets water toward the interior of the drying cauldron every time one cycle of drying treatment of night soil is completed so as to automatically wash the drying cauldron to remove the adherents onto the drying cauldron, thereby preventing carbide and so forth from being adhered onto the drying cauldron, solidified and accumulated and so forth in the drying cauldron every time drying treatment of night soil is completed. Accordingly, it is possible to smoothly implement treatment of the next cycle and succeeding treatment of without hindrance of heat transfer from the heater inside the drying cauldron which is caused by the accumulation of carbide and so forth, for example, even in the case where the apparatus is controlled control based on the temperature of the bottom of the drying cauldron and the temperature of the heater, the next treating step can be proceeded under a complete control condition, and the apparatus can be continuously used over the long term. Further, it is possible to prevent carbide from being adhered onto the upper surface of the interior of the drying cauldron and carbide collection piping inlet, so that the necessity of cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron at regular intervals is extremely reduced, thereby extensively reducing frequency of cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron, and solving the problem of clogging of piping and so forth. Accordingly, cleaning of the interior of the drying cauldron or top plate at regular intervals by removing the drying cauldron or top plate so as to remove carbide, and the working for attaching and detaching the top plate of the drying cauldron by an operator, the working for scraping carbide off the drying cauldron, the working for collecting scraped carbide and so forth are almost dispensed with, so that the lifetime of the night soil drying treatment apparatus can be lengthened by omitting much time and effort involved in such troublesome workings, and convenience in various installing places can be enhanced, and also time, effort 1 and cost involved in the operation and putting in storage can be enhanced.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the washing mechanism can simplify the structure of the apparatus by using the water tank for washing the toilet stool and the washing water pipe for introducing water into the drying cauldron from the water tank, thereby efficiently utilizing the same water supply, and also since the apparatus includes the pump for generating high pressure water provided in the washing water pipe and the jet nozzle provided at the tip end of the washing water pipe for jetting high pressure water toward the interior of the drying cauldron, carbide and other various foreign objects adhered onto the interior of the drying cauldron can be flushed with a high capacity, and also the washing operation can be implemented with high function and efficiency.
According to the third aspect of the invention, since it is structured that the jet nozzles are provided on the stirring shaft which is rotated in the drying cauldron so as to jet washing toward the interior of the drying cauldron while the stirring shaft is rotated, washing water can be jetted toward the entire interior of the drying cauldron, thereby implementing uniform washing extensively.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since it is structured that the washing water pipe is divided into plural numbers, and washing water can be jetted toward the different positions of the interior of the drying cauldron by switching over the valves, thereby washing the drying cauldron individually, so that the washing effect can be further enhanced by washing from various directions, and washing of the respective washing water pipes per se and so forth can be implemented, thereby preventing the nozzles from being clogged to exert an excellent function in terms of maintenance of soundness and so forth of the apparatus.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the catalyst mechanism for removing the odor in discharge air upon completion of drying treatment is provided with the wind pressure cleaning mechanism for blowing off adherents onto the surfaces of catalysts by wind pressure generated by supplying compressed air upon completion of drying treatment so as to have the cleaning function to automatically wash the surfaces of catalysts so that the surface of the metallic catalysts and so forth can be always kept clean and the function of sucking the odor can be maintained over the long term.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, since the compressed air supplied from the compressor is stored in the air tank as wind the pressure cleaning mechanism, thereby jetting compressed air instantaneously toward the catalyst mechanism at a cleaning time, the catalysts can be cleaned efficiently in a short time with a simple structure.
According to the seventh aspect of the invention, since the wind pressure cleaning mechanism is set to implement cleaning treatment every time one load of night soil is subjected to drying treatment in the drying cauldron, the materials adhered onto the catalysts can be removed immediately after they adhered onto the catalysts, so that the adhered materials can be peeled off before they are solidified.
