Patent Application
20160152790
The present invention relates to a nitrile rubber composition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a nitrile rubber composition that can yield a vulcanization molded product having excellent muddy water resistance, low torque characteristics, and the like.
Due to recent global environmental problems, weight saving and reduction in fuel consumption have been strongly desired in the vehicle industry. In response to this trend, reduction in torque is required for rotation system parts, such as oil seals, among vehicle parts in order to improve the fuel consumption of vehicles. Reduction in torque is also required for wheel rolling bearings (hub bearings). On the other hand, wheel rolling bearings are used outdoors, and in extreme cases, are used in a harsh environment in which they are exposed to muddy water. Thus, their elastic members (oil seals) are further required to have muddy water resistance; however, muddy water resistance has a contradictory relationship with torque performance.
For the purpose of imparting muddy water resistance to rolling bearing oil seals, an addition of clay to nitrile rubber is proposed. However, conductivity is often required for recent rolling bearing oil seals to take measures against radio noise generated by static electricity during running or stopping. Since the addition of clay leads to a significant decrease in conductivity, there is a limitation not to be able to apply it to conductivity applications.
Moreover, calcium chloride as a snow melting agent and sodium chloride as an antifreezing agent and the like are sprayed on roads in snowy areas (cold areas). Wheel rolling bearings are to be used also in such an environment. After a vehicle runs on a road on which an antifreezing agent has been sprayed, the lower part of the vehicle body is generally washed with water in order to prevent rust of metal (iron) parts of the vehicle.
When an oil seal is exposed to an antifreezing agent aqueous solution, it is considered, in an extreme case, that the aqueous solution becomes an electrolyte solution, and that an electric potential difference is generated between a conductive rubber, which is an oil seal constituent material, and a metal, such as a wheel shaft, thereby causing electric energization. Iron is ionized in a process leading to the electric energization, and the ionized iron serves as a catalyst to promote the oxidative degradation of the rubber used as a sealing material, increasing the swelling of the rubber in water. In particular, in the case of an oil seal, the inside of a rubber lip is fixed by adhering to a metal ring; thus, when the swelling increases, the outside of the lip may probability undergo wavy deformation.
Furthermore, nitrile rubber is generally used as the material for oil seals for wheel rolling bearings in terms of material properties and cost; however, nitrile rubber contains butadiene units that are susceptible to oxidation in terms of their chemical structure. Among nitrile rubbers, nitrile rubber with a low acrylonitrile content has excellent low-temperature characteristics, and thus tends to be used particularly in cold areas. Since the nitrile rubber with a low acrylonitrile content contains relatively large amounts of butadiene units, its chemical structure is considered to be more susceptible to oxidation.
The present applicant has previously proposed a nitrile rubber composition that maintains characteristics as a conductive material, satisfies muddy water resistance and sealing properties required for oil seals for wheel rolling bearings for vehicles, etc., and can further achieve low torque characteristics. The nitrile rubber composition comprises 5 to 50 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 to 60 parts by weight of graphite having an average particle diameter of 5 μm or less, and 5 to 50 parts by weight of conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite, based on 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber (Patent Document 1).
Rubber vulcanization molded products that are vulcanization-molded from the alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant-containing nitrile rubber compositions disclosed in the Examples of this prior art document satisfy muddy water resistance and sealing properties, as well as low torque characteristics; however, the rubber volume change is large when the product is washed with water after exposure to an antifreezing agent, as shown in Comparative Example 2, provided later. Improvement is required in this respect.
Patent Document 1: JP-A-2012-97213
An object of the present invention is to provide a nitrile rubber composition that can yield a vulcanization molded product, besides maintaining characteristics as a conductive material, satisfying muddy water resistance, sealing properties, and low torque characteristics required for rolling bearing oil seals for vehicles, etc., and having a rubber volume change kept low when the product is washed with water after exposure to an antifreezing agent.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by a nitrile rubber composition comprising 5 to 50 parts by weight of carbon black, 5 to 60 parts by weight of graphite having an average particle diameter of 5 μm or less, 5 to 50 parts by weight of conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite, and 0.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone as an antioxidant, based on 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber.
A rubber vulcanization molded product that is vulcanization-molded from the nitrile rubber composition of the present invention has excellent effect of besides maintaining characteristics as a conductive material, satisfying muddy water resistance, sealing properties, and low torque characteristics required for rolling bearing oil seals for vehicles, etc., and having a rubber volume change kept low even when the product is washed with water after exposure to a snow melting agent or an antifreezing agent.
The NBR used herein is acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber having a bound acrylonitrile content of 15 to 48%, preferably 22 to 35%, and a Mooney viscosity ML1+4 (100° C.) of 25 to 85, preferably 30 to 60. Practically, commercial products, such as N240S and N241 (produced by JSR Corporation), can be used as they are. To the NBR, carbon black, graphite having a specific average particle diameter, conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite, and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone as an antioxidant are added to prepare the NBR composition of the present invention.
As the carbon black, carbon black such as SRF, HAF, or the like is used at a ratio of 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of NBR. When the amount of carbon black used is less than this range, the material strength is insufficient. In contrast, when the amount of carbon black used is greater than this range, the material hardness is overly high, which is not preferable.
The graphite used herein has an average particle diameter (measured by Microtrac HRA9320-X100, produced by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) of 5 μm or less, preferably 1 to 5 μm. When the average particle diameter of graphite is greater than this range, the torque value increases, and a reduction in torque, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be achieved. As the graphite, a commercial product having such an average particle diameter can generally be used as it is at a ratio of 5 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of NBR. When the amount of graphite used is less than this range, the effect of reducing torque cannot be obtained. In contrast, when the amount of graphite used is greater than this range, the processability is reduced, which is not preferable.
Examples of the conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite include Ketjenblack, acetylene black, and the like. Such conductive carbon is used at a ratio of 5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 40 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of NBR. When the amount of conductive carbon used is less than this range, the volume resistivity increases. In contrast, when the amount of conductive carbon used is greater than this range, the material hardness is overly high, which is not preferable.
Carbon black, graphite, and conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite are used in a total amount of 15 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 80 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of NBR. When the total amount of these is less than this range, the volume resistivity increases. In contrast, when the total amount of these is greater than this range, the material hardness is overly high, which is not preferable.
As an antioxidant, amine-ketone-based antioxidants, aromatic secondary amine-based antioxidants, monophenol-based antioxidants, bisphenol-based antioxidants, polyphenol-based antioxidants, benzimidazole-based antioxidants, dithiocarbamate-based antioxidants, thiourea-based antioxidants, phosphorous acid-based antioxidants, organic thio acid-based antioxidants, special wax-based antioxidants, and the like are listed; however, only polyphenol-based antioxidants are effective to achieve the object of the present invention.
As the polyphenol-based antioxidant, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone is used at a ratio of 0.5 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of NBR. When the amount of antioxidant used is less than this range, the rubber volume change coefficient cannot be kept low when the product is washed after exposure to a snow melting agent or an antifreezing agent. In contrast, when the amount of antioxidant used is greater than this range, the scorch time is short.
For vulcanization of NBR mixed with carbon black, graphite, and conductive carbon other than these carbon black and graphite, any vulcanization systems, such as sulfur vulcanization and peroxide vulcanization, can be used singly or in combination; however, a sulfur vulcanization system is preferably used.
In the case of sulfur vulcanization, a vulcanization accelerator is generally used in combination. Preferably used vulcanization accelerators are thiuram-based vulcanization accelerators, such as tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabuthylthiuram disulfide, tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)thiuram disulfide, and dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide. In particular, a thiuram disulfide-based vulcanization accelerator is preferably used in combination with sulfur.
When a thiuram disulfide-based vulcanization accelerator is used, the compounding amount of polyol-based antioxidant based on 100 parts by weight of nitrile rubber varies depending on the type of the vulcanization accelerator. For example, when tetramethylthiuram disulfide is used, the amount of antioxidant is 0.5 to 2.5 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 2 parts by weight. When tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)thiuram disulfide is used, the amount of antioxidant is 1.5 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 3 parts by weight.
In addition to the above components, various compounding agents generally used in the rubber industry are suitably added to the composition. Examples of the compounding agents include reinforcing agents other than carbon black, such as silica and activated calcium carbonate; fillers, such as talc and calcium silicate; processing aids, such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and paraffin wax; acid acceptors, such as zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and hydrotalcite; plasticizers, such as dioctyl sebacate (DOS); and the like.
The preparation of the composition is performed by kneading the components using a kneading machine, such as an Intermix, kneader, or Banbury mixer, or using an open roll. The vulcanization of the composition is generally performed by heating at about 160 to 200° C. for about 3 to 30 minutes using an injection molding machine, compression molding machine, vulcanizing press, or the like. Further, if necessary, secondary vulcanization is performed by heating at about 140 to 160° C. for about 0.5 to 10 hours.
The following describes the present invention with reference to Examples.
The above blending components were kneaded with a kneader and an open roll, and the compound characteristics (Mooney viscosity and scorch time) were measured. The kneaded product was then subjected to press vulcanization at 170° C. for 10 minutes and oven vulcanization at 150° C. for 30 minutes, thereby producing test pieces (250×120×2 mm and 50×20×0.2 mm). The obtained test pieces were used to measure normal state physical properties and perform a dipping test.
Compound characteristics: According to JIS K6300-1: 2001 (Mooney test) corresponding to ASTM D1646
The minimum Mooney viscosity at 125° C. and scorch time T5 were measured. The scorch time is preferably 6 minutes or more in terms of the compound stability and the vulcanizing and molding properties
Normal state physical properties: According to JIS K6253-3: 1997 (hardness; durometer A instant) corresponding to ASTM D2240
Dipping test: Two test pieces in the size of 50×20×0.2 mm were fixed by piercing them with an iron insect pin, and salt water dipping, drying, and tap water dipping were performed according to the following procedures a to c. Then, the volume change before and after the test was calculated
a. Dipped in 50 ml of 5 wt. % salt water at 70° C. for 70 hours
b. Dried at ordinary temperature (23° C.) for 12 hours
c. Dipped in 50 ml of tap water at 23° C. for 70 hours
In Example 1, the amount of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was changed to 1 part by weight.
In Example 1, the same amount (2 parts by weight) of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone (polyphenol-based antioxidant; Nocrac DAH, produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 3, the amount of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was changed to 1 part by weight.
In Example 1, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was not used.
In Example 1, 4 parts by weight of alkylated diphenylamine (aromatic secondary amine-based antioxidant; Nocrac ODA-NS, produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 1, the same amount (2 parts by weight) of N,N′-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine (aromatic secondary amine-based antioxidant; Nocrac White, produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 1, 3 parts by weight of dilauryl thiodipropionate (organic thio acid-based antioxidant; Nocrac 400, produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 1, the same amount (2 parts by weight) of 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (bisphenol-based antioxidant; Nocrac NS-5, produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 1, the amount of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was changed to 3 part by weight.
In Example 1, 3 parts by weight of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone (Nocrac DAH) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
Table 1 below shows the results obtained in the above Examples and
Comparative Examples.
In Example 1, the following Formulation Example II was used in place of Formulation Example I.
In Example 5, the amount of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was changed to 2 part by weight.
In Example 5, the same amount (3 parts by weight) of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 7, the amount of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone was changed to 2 part by weight.
In Example 5, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was not used.
In Example 5, 4 parts by weight of alkylated diphenylamine was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 5, 2 parts by weight of 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
In Example 5, 4 parts by weight of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone was used.
In Example 5, 4 parts by weight of 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone (Nocrac DAH) was used in place of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone.
Table 2 below shows the results obtained in the above Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 8 to 12.
The above results demonstrate the following:
(1) In all of the Examples, the scorch time T5 is as long as 7 minutes or more, and the volume change after the dipping test is as small as 3.6% or less. Thus, the obtained vulcanizates are excellent in both of these characteristics.
(2) When an antioxidant is not used, the volume change after the dipping test is very large, and the salt water resistance is inferior (Comparative Examples 1 and 8).
(3) With the formulation specified in Patent Document 1, when aromatic secondary amine-based antioxidant used in the Examples of Patent Document 1, i.e., an alkylated diphenylamine, is added, the rubber is significantly swollen after the dipping test, and the salt water resistance is inferior (Comparative Examples 2 and 9).
(4) When N,N′-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, which is an aromatic secondary amine-based antioxidant, is added as the antioxidant, the swelling of the rubber after the dipping test is significant, and the salt water resistance is inferior (Comparative Example 3).
(5) When only dilauryl thiodipropionate, which is an organic thio acid-based antioxidant, is added as the antioxidant, the swelling of the rubber after the dipping test can be suppressed; however, the scorch time T5 is short, and the compound storage properties or the vulcanizing and molding properties are inferior (Comparative Example 4).
(6) When 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), which is a bisphenol-based antioxidant, is added, the swelling of the rubber after the dipping test cannot be suppressed, and the salt water resistance is inferior (Comparative Examples 5 and 10).
(7) When 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone is used in an amount less than or more than the specified amount, the scorch time, which indicates the compound stability and the vulcanizing and molding properties, does not reach the desired time of 6 minutes or more (Comparative Examples 6, 7, 11, and 12).
The rubber vulcanization molded product that is vulcanization-molded from the nitrile rubber composition of the present invention is a material that satisfies muddy water resistance, salt water resistance, sealing properties, and lower torque, and can therefore be effectively used as a muddy water sealing material for vehicle hub bearings.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-145465 | Jul 2013 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/066135 | 6/18/2014 | WO | 00 |
