Nitrogen-containing bicyclic compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof

The present invention relates to new nitrogen-containing bicyclic compounds.
Ageing of the population by increasing life expectancy is making the problem of age-related cerebral ageing and senile dementias increasingly important. Consequently, the search for new therapeutic compounds capable of preventing memory deficiencies and neuropsycho-behavioral disorders of ageing has become a priority.
Besides the conventional neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and norepinephrine) which are involved in memory functions, there are neuropeptides such as vasopressin (AVP) or thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which also exert memory-enhancing effects by acting as neuromodulators in addition to their peripheral or endocrinal role (Science, 211, 601, 1981).
Studies have recently shown that the cerebral levels of these peptides decrease significantly in patients suffering from senile dementia (Neurobiology, 36, 1133, 1986).
Even more recently, it was observed that the activity of prolylendopeptidase, a key enzyme in the catabolism of these peptides, substantially increases (+100%) in the brain of Alzheimer patients (Experientia, 46, 94, 1990). Consequently, it has been suggested and demonstrated that prolylendopeptidase-inhibitors can prevent memory deficiencies by enhancing the promnesic effect of certain neuropeptides and in particular vasopressin. These results were observed especially during experimental amnesia using scopolamine. For the inhibitory compounds studied, an excellent correlation has been reported (EP 321 956) between the prolylendopeptidase-inhibiting effect and the learning-enhancing effect.
It was therefore particularly important to synthesize new compounds possessing a prolylendopeptidase-inhibiting activity (or post-prolyl cleaving enzyme: PPCE).
The compounds of the present invention, in addition to being new, have proved particularly advantageous by virtue of the intensity and duration of their properties of inhibiting prolyendopeptidase and thereby preventing the degradation of natural neuropeptides involved in memory functions. Their activity is higher both in vitro and in vivo than that compounds described in the prior art, such as for example the compounds described in Patents EP 321 956 and EP 345 428 as PPCE inhibitors. It is also substantially higher than that of reference nootropic agents also known for inhibiting PPCE activity, such as for example the compounds described in Patent EP 288 685.
The compounds of the invention are therefore useful in the prevention and treatment, on the one hand, of behavioral, especially memory, disorders associated with ageing and acute or chronic degenerative neuronal diseases and, on the other hand, of psychic disorders associated with anxiety and depression.
The invention relates more particularly to new nitrogen-containing bicyclic compounds of general formula (I): ##STR2## in which: A represents, with the carbon and nitrogen atoms to which it is attached, any one of the following heterocycles: ##STR3## B represents, with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, any one of the following heterocycles: ##STR4## R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkoxy group, a benzyloxy group, a phenoxy group or a linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkyl group, a linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkenyl group or a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl group, each of the alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl groups being optionally substituted by one or more groups, which are identical or different:
phenyl, naphthyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) phenylcycloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl)methylthio, ##STR5## (in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a phenyl, benzyl or (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl)methyl group), ##STR6## (in which R.sub.4 represents a phenyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl or (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl)methyl group,
R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl group),
provided that:
* when A represents, with the carbon and nitrogen atoms to which it is attached, a 1,3-thiazolidine ring,
R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group which is substituted by at least any one of the following groups:
(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl,
(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) phenylcycloalkyl,
trifluoromethyl,
(trifluoromethylphenyl)methyl,
(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl)methylthio, ##STR7## or alternatively R.sub.1 represents a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) phenylcycloalkyl or ##STR8## * when B represents, with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, a pyrrolidine ring,
R.sub.1 represents any one of the following groups:
tert-butoxy,
phenylcyclopropyl,
a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl or a linear or branched (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkenyl, each of the alkyl or alkenyl groups still being substituted by at least one (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl)methyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 dicycloalkyl) methylthio, ##STR9## or by two (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl groups, a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) trifluoromethylalkyl, a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) trifluoromethylalkenyl which are optionally substituted by one or more phenyl or (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl groups,
* when A represents, with the carbon and nitrogen atoms to which it is attached, a 2,3-dihydroindole ring and B represents, with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, a pyrrolidine ring, then R.sub.1 is different from a 3-phenylpropyl group,
their enantiomers, diastereoisomers and epimers as well as their addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
Among the pharmaceutically acceptable acids, there may be mentioned, with no limitation being implied, hydrochloric, sulfuric, tartaric, maleic, fumaric, methanesulfonic and camphoric acids and the like.
The invention also encompasses the process for preparing the compounds of formula (I) , wherein an acid of formula (II), whose isomers have optionally been separated using a conventional separation technique: ##STR10## in which A has the same meaning as in formula (I) and R'.sub.1 represents a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkoxy group or a benzyloxy group, is reacted with an amine of formula (III), whose isomers have optionally been separated using a conventional separation technique, according to a peptide-coupling technique like that described by W. KONIG and R. GEIGER (Ber, 103, 788, 1970): ##STR11## in which B has the same meaning as in formula (I), to give the compound of formula (I/a), which is a specific example of the compounds of formula (I): ##STR12## in which A, B and R'.sub.1 have the same meaning as above, which compound is deprotected, if desired, by a conventional deprotection technique, to give the amine of formula (IV): ##STR13## in which A and B have the same meaning as in formula (I), which amine is reacted with an acid of formula (V), in the presence of a conventional coupling agent for peptide synthesis:
HO.sub.2 C--R".sub.1 (V)
in which: p1 R".sub.1 has the same meaning as R.sub.1, except in the case where R.sub.1 represents R'.sub.1, to give the compound of formula (I/b) , which is a specific example of the compounds of formula (I): ##STR14## in which A, B and R".sub.1 have the same meaning as above, which compounds of formula (I/a) and (I/b) are purified, where appropriate, by a conventional purification technique, whose isomers are separated, if desired, by a conventional separation technique and which are converted, if required, to their addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
The compounds of the invention possess very advantageous pharmacological properties. They strongly inhibit prolylendopeptidase activity, thus making them useful in the treatment of memory and cognitive disorders and neurobehavioral disorders associated with ageing and acute or chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system such as Alzheimer's, Pick's or Korsakoff's disease, vasculocerebral accidents, spinal trauma or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. They are similarly useful in the treatment of psychic disorders associated with anxiety and depression.
The subject of the present invention is also the pharmaceutical compositions containing, as active ingredient, at least one compound of general formula (I) or one of its addition salts with a pharmacologically acceptable acid, alone or in combination with one or more inert, nontoxic excipients or vehicles.
Of the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, there may be mentioned more particularly those which are suitable for oral, parenteral or nasal administration, ordinary or sugared tablets, sublingual tablets, sachets, packets, gelatin capsules, glossettes, lozenges, suppositories, creams, ointments, skin gels and the like.
The dosage varies according to the age and weight of the patient, the nature and severity of the condition as well as the administration route.
The latter may be oral, nasal, rectal or parenteral. Generally, the unit dosage ranges between 0.5 and 100 mg for a treatment using 1 to 3 doses per 24 hours.

The following examples illustrate the invention and do not imply any limitation thereto.
Preparations A to N do not lead to the compounds of the invention but to starting products which are useful in the preparation of the compounds of formula (I).
PREPARATION A: 3,3-Dicyclopropylpropanoic Acid
STAGE A: 3,3-Dicyclopropylpropionitrile
209 g of 2,2-dicyclopropylethanol tosylate (prepared from 2,2-dicyclopropylethanol and para-toluenesulfonyl chloride) in solution in 45 ml of DMSO, are slowly added to 40 g of sodium cyanide in 45 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with stirring and at 95.degree. C. The heating is continued for one hour. After filtration of the precipitate and washing with ethyl ether, the filtrates are pooled, washed with a saturated solution of sodium chloride, dried and evaporated. The expected product is obtained after distillation under vacuum.
Yield: 90% Boiling point: 95.degree.-100.degree. C. (15 mm/Hg) Refractive index: n.sub.D.sup.22.5 =1.457
STAGE B: 3,3-Dicyclopropylpropanoic Acid
45 g of potassium hydroxide are dissolved in 65 ml of water. 100 ml of diethylene glycol are added to the above solution followed by 30 g of the product obtained in stage A. The mixture is refluxed until the evolution of ammonia ceases. After cooling, 700 ml of water are added and the mixture is acidified with 12N hydrochloric acid. After extraction with ether, the ethereal phases are pooled, washed with water until neutral, dried and evaporated. The expected product is obtained after distillation.
Yield: 83% Boiling point: 138.degree.-142.degree. C. (13 mm/Hg) Refractive index: n.sub.D.sup.27 =1.458
PREPARATION B: 4,4-Dicyclopropylbutanoic Acid
STAGE A: 1-Bromo-3,3-dicyclopropylpropane
15.5 g Of phosphorus tribromide are slowly added to a solution, cooled to -30.degree. C., of 22 g of 3,3-dicyclopropylpropanol (obtained by reduction of the compound described in preparation A in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride) in 85 ml of anhydrous ether, and the mixture is poured, after returning to room temperature, into 7 ml of ice cold water. The organic phase is then washed with a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate and then with water until neutral and finally dried and evaporated. The expected product obtained after distillation under vacuum.
Yield: 60% Boiling point: 101.degree.-105.degree. C. (18 mm/Hg)
STAGE B: 4,4-Dicyclopropylbutyronitrile
The expected product is obtained by reacting potassium cyanide with the compound described in the preceding stage, in an ethanol/water mixture.
Yield: 73% Boiling point: 114.degree.-117.degree. C. (17 mm/Hg)
STAGE C: 4,4-Dicyclopropylbutanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in stage B of preparation A using the compound described in the preceding stage.
Yield: 74% Boiling point: 170.degree.-172.degree. C. (16 mm/Hg)
PREPARATION C: 5,5-Dicyclopropylpentanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained using the procedure described in Org. Synthesis Coll. Vol. II, 474, from the 1-bromo-3,3-dicyclopropylpropane described stage A of preparation B.
Yield: 74% Boiling point: 170.degree.-172.degree. C. (16 mm/Hg)
PREPARATION D: 6,6-Dicyclopropylhexanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained using the process described in preparation B.
PREPARATION E: 5,5-Dicyclopropylpropen-4-oic Acid
20 mmol of (carboxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide are placed in 100 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. 40 ml of a 1M solution of potassium tert-butoxide in THF are added dropwise to the above mixture, under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Stirring is continued for 30 minutes and a solution containing 20 mmol of dicyclopropyl ketone in 20 ml of anhydrous THF is added. The mixture is left stirring for 4 days at room temperature. After taking up in water, filtration of the triphenylphosphine oxide and washing with dichloromethane, the aqueous phase is acidified with 6N HCl and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phases are washed with water, dried and evaporated. The expected product is obtained after purification by chromatography on silica gel, using as eluent a dichloromethane/ethanol mixture (97/3).
Yield: 50% Infrared (liquid film) v.sub.co =1743 and 1711 cm.sup.-1
PREPARATION F: 6,6-Dicyclopropylhexen-5-oic Acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in preparation E, from (carboxybutyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide.
Yield: 55% Infrared (liquid film) v.sub.co =1709 cm.sup.-1
PREPARATION G: 6,6-Dicyclopropylhexen-4-oic Acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in preparation E, from 2,2-dicyclopropylacetaldehyde.
Yield: 54% Infrared (nujol) v.sub.co =1712 cm.sup.-1
PREPARATION H: 3-Trifluoromethylcinnamic Acid
STAGE A: Ethyl 3-trifluoromethylcinnamate
450 mmol of sodium hydride are placed in 50 ml of anhydrous diglyme. A solution of 84 g of triethylphosphonoacetate in 300 ml of diglyme is added to this mixture at room temperature. Stirring is continued until the evolution of hydrogen has ceased and then a solution containing 52 g of trifluoroacetophenone in 100 ml of diglyme is added. After refluxing for 18 hours, the mixture is cooled to 10.degree. C. and poured into 500 ml of water. After extraction with ethyl ether, drying and evaporation, the expected product is purified by distillation.
Yield: 67% Boiling point: 104.degree.-108.degree. C. (18 mm/Hg)
STAGE B: 3-Trifluoromethylcinnamic Acid
The expected product is obtained by saponification of the compound described in the preceding stage.
Yield: 92% Melting point: 95.degree. C.
PREPARATION I: 3-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpropanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation, in ethanolic medium, of the compound described in stage A of preparation A, using palladized carbon as catalyst, followed by saponification.
Yield: 90% Melting point: 72.degree. C.
PREPARATION J: 4-Phenyl-4-trifluoromethylbutanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in preparation B, from 3-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpropanol (itself obtained by reduction of ethyl 3-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpropanoate). Infrared (nujol) v.sub.co =1728 cm.sup.-1
PREPARATION K: 5-Phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpentanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in preparation B, from 4-phenyl-4-trifluoromethylbutanol (itself obtained by reduction of the compound obtained in preparation J).
Boiling point: 106.degree.-110.degree. C. (16 mm/Hg)
PREPARATION L: 5-Cyclopentyl-5-trifluoromethylpentanoic acid
The expected product is obtained by carrying out the procedure as in preparation B, from 4-cyclopentyl-4-trifluoromethylbutanol.
PREPARATION M: 3-(Dicyclopropylmethylthio)propanoic Acid
STAGE A: Methyl 3-(dicyclopropylmethylthio)propionate
A solution containing 6.8 g of dicyclopropylmercaptan (obtained by reduction, with sodium borohydride, of dicyclopropylthioketone, itself prepared by the action of LAWESSON reagent on dicyclopropyl ketone) in 10 ml of ethanol is added to a solution of sodium ethoxide. After stirring for 10 minutes, 10 g of methyl 3-bromopropionate in 10 ml of ethanol are added to the above mixture. The mixture is kept stirring for 18 hours at room temperature. The expected product is obtained after filtration of the sodium bromide, evaporation and distillation.
Yield: 66% Boiling point: 158.degree.-160.degree. C. (16 mm/Hg)
STAGE B: 3-(Dicyclopropylmethylthio)propanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by saponification of the compound described in the preceding stage.
Yield: 84% Infrared (liquid film) v.sub.co =1711 cm.sup.-1
PREPARATION N: 3-Dicyclopropylmethylaminocarbonylpropanoic Acid
The expected product is obtained by peptide coupling of dicyclopropylmethylamine with methyl monosuccinate according to the technique described by W. KONIG and R. GEIGER (Ber, 103, 788, 1970), followed by saponification.
Infrared (nujol): v.sub.co (acid)=1703 cm.sup.-1 v.sub.co (acid)=1631 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 1
(3S)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Using the peptide coupling technique (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole-DCC/HOBT) described by W. KONIG and R. GEIGER (Ber. 103, 788, 1970) and dimethylformamide as solvent, the expected product which is purified by crystallization from ethyl acetate, is prepared from pyrrolidine and (3S)-2-aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonylbicyclo [2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylic acid.
Yield: 73% Melting point: 150.degree.-152.degree. C. Specific rotation: [.alpha.]D2.sup.O =-10.5.degree. (c=1%, EtOH)
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.20 9.15 9.08Found 66.24 9.40 9.06______________________________________
EXAMPLE 2
(3R)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
The expected product is obtained according to the same process as that described in Example 1 but using the (3R) isomer of 2-aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-carboxylic acid in place of the (3S) isomer.
Melting point: 150.degree.-152.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.20 9.15 9.08Found 66.93 9.15 9.18______________________________________
Examples 3 to 6 were obtained according to the process described in Example 1, using the corresponding known starting products.
EXAMPLE 3
(1S,3S,4R)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane
Melting point: 142.degree.-144.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 4
(3S)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-yl) carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 154.degree.-156.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 68.93 9.26 8.04Found 68.99 9.25 8.04______________________________________
EXAMPLE 5
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(4-Phenylbutyryl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindol
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 67.05 9.38 8.69Found 66.60 9.52 8.70______________________________________
EXAMPLE 6
(1R,3S,4R)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Melting point: 112.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 65.28 8.90 9.52Found 65.28 8.82 9.68______________________________________
EXAMPLE 7
(3S)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
STAGE A: (3S)-2-Aza-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
37 mmol of the compound described in Example 1 are dissolved in 100 ml of anhydrous ethyl acetate. A stream of hydrochloric acid is passed through while keeping the temperature at 20.degree. C., and stirring is continued for 18 hours at room temperature. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is taken up in 100 ml of water. The insoluble matter is filtered and, after alkalization by adding sodium bicarbonate, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness. The residue is finally taken up in 100 ml of ethanol, 100 ml of dichloromethane and then 100 ml of ethyl ether, successively. The expected product is obtained after filtration of the salts and evaporation.
Yield: 89% Melting point: 117.degree. C.
STAGE B: (3S)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
The expected product is obtained according to the same process as that described Example 1, but using 4-phenylbutyric acid and the product obtained in stage A. It is purified by chromatography on silica, using as elution solvent a dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95/5), and crystallized from an acetone-isopropyl ether mixture.
Melting point: 77.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.54 8.53 7.90Found 74.71 8.56 7.93______________________________________
Examples 8 to 34 were obtained according to the process described in Example 7, using the known corresponding starting products or those described in preparations A to N.
EXAMPLE 8
(3R)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-3-[(pyrroli-din-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 70.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 9
(1S,3S,4R)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Infrared (nujol): v.sub.co (amide)=1650 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 10
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.96 8.75 7.60Found 74.57 9.16 7.16______________________________________
EXAMPLE 11
(3S)-2-(4-Phenylbutyryl)-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 76.56 7.50 7.44Found 76.07 6.99 7.20______________________________________
EXAMPLE 12
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[5,5-(dicyclopropyl)pentanoyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.15 9.74 7.52Found 74.22 10.15 7.62______________________________________
EXAMPLE 13
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[6,6-(dicyclopropyl)hexanoyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 86.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 14
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[5,5-(dicyclopropyl)pentanoyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.57 9.91 7.25Found 74.04 9.99 7.29______________________________________
EXAMPLE 15
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[3,3-(dicyclopropyl)propionyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroinole
Melting point: 110.degree.-112.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 73.70 9.56 7.81Found 73.36 9.61 8.14______________________________________
EXAMPLE 16
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[4,4-(Dicyclopropyl)butyryl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.15 9.74 7.52Found 73.81 9.64 7.68______________________________________
EXAMPLE 17
(1S,3S,4R) -2-Aza-2-[5,5-(dicyclopropyl)pentanoyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 73.70 9.56 7.81Found 73.93 9.55 7.82______________________________________
EXAMPLE 18
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[6,6-(dicyclopropyl)hexen-5-oyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Infrared (nujol): v.sub.co (amide)=1676 and 1653 cm.sup.-1 v.sub.co =1630 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 19
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[(E)-cinnamoyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 184.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 20
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[(E)-4-phenylbuten-3-oyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 100.degree.-105.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 21
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[5,5-(dicyclopropyl)penten-4-oyl)]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Infrared (nujol): v.sub.co (amide)=1656 and 1637 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 22
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(3-Trifluoromethylcinnamoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 148.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 65.70 6.47 6.66Found 65.66 6.64 6.75______________________________________
EXAMPLE 23
(2S,3aS,7aS )-1-(3-Trifluoromethyl-3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole, .alpha. isomer
Melting point: 134.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 65.38 6.91 6.63Found 65.46 6.93 6.66______________________________________
EXAMPLE 24
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(3-Trifluoromethyl-3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole, .beta. isomer
Melting point: 98.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 65.38 6.91 6.63Found 65.42 6.99 6.51______________________________________
EXAMPLE 25
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[(R,S)-4-Trifluoromethyl-4-phenlbutanoyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl) carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.04 7.16 6.42Found 65.78 7.18 6.25______________________________________ EXAMPLE 26
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[(R,S)-5-Trifluoromethyl-5-phenylpentanoyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.65 7.38 6.22Found 66.97 7.60 6.14______________________________________
EXAMPLE 27
(3S)-2-Aza-2-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 105.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 70.15 7.65 8.18Found 70.04 7.50 8.17______________________________________
EXAMPLE 28
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[3-(Dicyclopropylmethylthio) propanoyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N % S %______________________________________Calculated 68.28 8.97 6.92 7.92Found 67.85 9.18 7.11 7.76______________________________________
EXAMPLE 29
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[3-(N-Benzylanilinocarbonyl)propinoyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 73.54 7.45 8.87Found 72.35 7.37 8.92______________________________________
EXAMPLE 30
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[3-Dicyclopropylmethylaminocarbonyl)propionyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 68.80 8.79 10.46Found 68.96 8.81 10.47______________________________________
EXAMPLE 31
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Specific rotation: [.alpha.]D2.sup.1.5 =+163.7.degree. (c=1%, ethanol)
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.97 8.01 7.95Found 75.05 8.10 7.71______________________________________
EXAMPLE 32
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[((1R,2R) -2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Specific rotation: [.alpha.]D2.sup.1.5 =-148.1.degree. (c=1%, ethanol)
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.97 8.01 7.95Found 74.73 8.10 7.67______________________________________
EXAMPLE 33
(3S)-2-Aza-2-(6,6-dicyclopropylhexen-4-oyl)-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Infrared (liquid film) v.sub.co (amide)=1639 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 34
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(5-cyclopentyl-5-trifluoromethylpentanoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 65.13 8.43 6.33Found 65.05 8.43 6.34______________________________________
Examples 35 to 43 were obtained according to the process described in Example 1, but using the corresponding starting products.
EXAMPLE 35
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-[(azetidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 130.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.20 9.15 9.08Found 66.13 9.21 8.94______________________________________
EXAMPLE 36
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-[(piperidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 132.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 67.82 9.59 8.33Found 67.53 9.58 8.40______________________________________
EXAMPLE 37
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-[homopiperidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 122.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 68.54 9.78 7.99Found 68.20 9.64 7.79______________________________________
EXAMPLE 38
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-[(2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 150.degree.-152.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 69.58 9.45 7.73Found 69.58 9.56 8.07______________________________________
EXAMPLE 39
(3S)-2-Aza-2-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 174.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N % S %______________________________________Calculated 58.87 8.03 8.58 9.82Found 59.11 8.27 8.73 9.14______________________________________
EXAMPLE 40
(3S)-2-Aza-2-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[(pyrrolin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 190.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 66.64 8.55 9.14Found 66.76 8.52 9.24______________________________________
EXAMPLE 41
(3S)-2-Aza-2-[5,5-(dicyclopropyl)pentanoyl]-3-[(thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Melting point: 98.degree.-100.degree. C. Infrared (nujol) v.sub.co (amide)=1635 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 42
(3S)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-3-[(imidazol-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 71.77 7.17 11.96Found 71.95 7.22 12.03______________________________________
EXAMPLE 43
(3S)-2-Aza-2-(4-phenylbutyryl)-2-[pyrazol-2-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.2]octan
Infrared (nujol) v.sub.co (amide)=1637 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 44
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(5-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpentanoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole, .alpha. isomer
and
EXAMPLE 45
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(5-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylpentanoyl)-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole, .beta. isomer
Examples 44 and 45 were prepared by separation of the isomers of Example 26 by chromatography on silica gel, using as eluent a 70/30 toluene-ethyl acetate mixture. The isomers were termed .alpha. and .beta. according to the order in which they leave the column.
The isomeric purity of both compounds was monitored on a chiral column (Chiralpak; length=25 cm, inner diameter=4.6 mm, particle size=10 .mu.m), using as elution solvent a heptane/isopropanol/diethylamine mixture (85/15/0.05).
Example 44: retention time=12.3 min.
Example 45: retention time=10.8 min.
EXAMPLE 46
3-[5,5-Dicyclopropylpentanoyl]-4-[2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl)carbonyl]thiazolidine
Example 46 was prepared according to the process described in Example 7.
Examples 47 to 58 were synthesized according to the process described in Example 7, using the corresponding starting products.
EXAMPLE 47
(1S,3S,4R)-2-Aza-2-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Melting point: 175.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.53 7.74 8.28Found 74.45 7.68 8.16______________________________________
EXAMPLE 48
(1S,3S,4R)-2-Aza-2-[((1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop1-yl)carbonyl]-3-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Melting point: 153.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 74.53 7.74 8.28Found 74.44 7.92 7.95______________________________________
EXAMPLE 49
2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 142.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 75.38 8.25 7.64Found 75.37 8.27 7.65______________________________________
EXAMPLE 50
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Melting point: 170.degree. C.
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________Calculated 75.38 8.25 7.64Found 75.04 8.32 7.58______________________________________
EXAMPLE 51
(4R)-3-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-4-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]thiazolidine
Melting point: 134.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 52
(4R)-3-[((1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl) carbonyl]-4-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]thiazolidine
Melting point: 200.degree. C.
The compounds of Examples 31, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 and 32, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 may also be obtained from 2-phenylcycloprop-1-ylcarboxylic acids of the respective (1S,2S) and (1R,2R) configuration, prepared according to the process described in "Optical resolution for Chemical compounds" (Volume 2, part I/Optical Resolution Information Center, Manhattan College, Riverdale-N.Y. 10471, USA).
EXAMPLE 53
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(2,5-dihydropyrrolin-1-yl ) carbonyl]perhydroindole
EXAMPLE 54
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(2,5-dihydropyrrolin-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Infrared (nujol) v.sub.co (amide) et v.sub.c=c =between 1660 and 1624 cm.sup.-1
EXAMPLE 55
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
EXAMPLE 56
(2S,3aS,7aS)-1-[((1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis
______________________________________ C % H % N % S %______________________________________calculated 68.72 7.34 7.28 8.34found 68.64 7.47 7.98 8.10______________________________________
EXAMPLE 57
(2S,3aS,7aS)-[(1S,2S)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(pyrrol-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
EXAMPLE 58
(2S,3aS,7aS)-[(1R,2R)-2-phenylcycloprop-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-[(pyrrol-1-yl)carbonyl]perhydroindole
Elemental microanalysis:
______________________________________ C % H % N %______________________________________calculated 76.21 7.23 7.73found 75.68 7.11 7.41______________________________________
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLE 59
Measurement of the Anti-prolylendopeptidase Activity
The method of Yoshimoto and Tsuru (Agr. Biol. Chem., 42, 2417, 1978) was used. Prolylendopeptidase is isolated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum. The enzymatic substrate is Z-Gly-Pro-pNitroaniline.
A mixture of 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 7; 0.99 ml), 2M (0.25 ml) substrate and a solution of the inhibitory compound to be tested (0.01 ml) is incubated at 37.degree. C. for 5 minutes. 0.1 ml of a solution of prolylendopeptidase (0.5 U/ml) is then added and the mixture is allowed to stand at 37.degree. C. for 10 minutes. The enzymatic reaction is stopped by addition of 2 ml of a 1M solution of Triton X-100-acetate buffer (pH 4). After allowing to stand at room temperature, the absorbance is measured at 410 nm.
A control measurement is performed by replacing the solution of test compound with the same volume of phosphate buffer. The percentage inhibition of the enzyme is calculated from this control measurement. For each compound tested, the concentration which inhibits prolylendopeptidase by 50% (IC.sub.50) is determined.
The compounds of the invention were compared to the two reference compounds, known for their high prolylendopeptidase-inhibiting activity and initially described for this purpose: ONO1603 (EP 345 428) and N-(4-phenylbutanoyl)-L-thiaprolylpyrrolidineimide (Example 3: EP 321 956), called hereinbelow ZERIA.
The compounds of the invention exert a very high prolylendopeptidase-inhibiting activity, greater than the reference compounds as indicated in the table of IC.sub.50 values:
______________________________________ZERIA 5.4 .times. 10.sup.-7 MONO1603 5.7 .times. 10.sup.-7 MExample 7 5 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 9 2.7 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 10 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 12 9 .times. 10.sup.-9 MExample 17 2.6 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 32 5 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 45 3.8 .times. 10.sup.-9 MExample 48 1.4 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 50 1.2 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 54 2 .times. 10.sup.-8 MExample 56 1.3 .times. 10.sup.-8 M______________________________________
EXAMPLE 60
The measurement of prolylendopeptidase inhibition was performed in vitro and in vivo in rat cerebral cortex by means of a substrate similar to a peptide naturally cleaved by prolylendopeptidase, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
An extract of cerebral cortex is prepared by grinding the tissue in phosphate buffer (25 mM NaH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 ; 2 mM DTT; 0.5 mM EDTA-2K) in an amount of 5 ml/g.
After centrifugation, 200 .mu.l of supernatant are incubated for 15 minutes, at 37.degree. C., in a final volume of 2.1 ml, to which 250 .mu.l of substrate (TRH-p-nitroaniline) are added for another incubation of 20 minutes, followed immediately by an absorbance reading at 410 nm.
The product tested is either added to the cortex extract before the first incubation (determination of the IC.sub.50 in vitro) or administered by the IP route 30 minutes before the preparation of the tissue extract.
Under the test conditions, the compounds of the invention strongly inhibit the prolylendopeptidase of rat cerebral cortex both in vitro and after administration in vivo. Here again, this activity is substantially higher than that for the reference compounds.
______________________________________ Inhibition in vivo IC.sub.50 in vitro dose (mg/kg) %______________________________________ZERIA 5.4 .times. 10.sup.-8 M 30 47 10 16ONO 1603 5.7 .times. 10.sup.-8 M 30 19 10 5Example 5 5 .times. 10.sup.-7 M 30 65Example 10 3.4 .times. 10.sup.-8 M 30 58Example 12 9 .times. 10.sup.-10 M 30 38Example 32 5 .times. 10.sup.-9 M 10 62 2.5 37Example 50 1 .times. 10.sup.-9 M 0.3 60Example 52 2.10.sup.-8 M 5 35Example 54 2.4 .times. 10.sup.-9 M 0.6 57Example 56 1.3 .times. 10.sup.-9 M 0.6 58______________________________________
EXAMPLE 61
The duration of action of the compounds with respect to the inhibition in vivo of prolylendopeptidase in rat cerebral cortex was estimated according to the same method as in Example 58, by IP administration of the tested compounds at various times before preparing the tissue extract. The time for which the inhibitory effect is equal to 50% of the maximum effect (measured at 30 minutes) was calculated (t1/2).
Similarly, the oral bioavailability of the compounds of the invention was estimated by IP or oral administration, 30 minutes or 60 minutes before measuring the inhibitory effect. The oral bioavailability index (IBO) was determined by dividing the inhibitory effect (%) measured after oral administration by that measured after IP administration. The most active compounds of the invention exert their effects according to a duration of cerebral action which is much longer than that for the reference compounds and with a much higher oral bioavailability, which endows them with considerable therapeutic usefulness.
______________________________________ dose (mg/kg) t 1/2 IBO______________________________________ZERIA 30 1 hour 0.30ONO 1603 30 1 hour <0.30Example 5 15 2 hours 0.40Example 10 30 2 hours 0.40Example 32 2.5 7 hours 0.75Example 50 0.15 7 hours 0.85Example 54 0.6 7 hours 0.80Example 56 0.6 7 hours 0.80______________________________________
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
EXAMPLE 62
Tablet: Preparation formula for 1000 tablets in 10-mg doses
______________________________________Compound of Example 1 10 gHydroxypropyl cellulose 2 gWheat starch 10 gLactose 100 gMagnesium stearate 3 gTalc 3 g______________________________________

Number	Date	Country
0288685	Nov 1988	EPX
320753	Jun 1989	EPX
0321956	Jun 1989	EPX
0345428	Dec 1989	EPX
394989	Oct 1990	EPX
9118891	Dec 1991	WOX

Nitrogen-containing bicyclic compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof

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Chemical Abstracts vol. 115 No. 19 Abstract 201789f (1991).
Chemical Abstracts vol. 116 No. 17 Abstract 166086w (1992).
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Weingartner, et al., "Effects of Vasopressin on Human Memory Functions", Science, vol. 211, pp. 601-603 (1981).
Mazurek, et al., "CSF Vasopressin Concentration Is Reduced in Alzheimer's Disease", Neurology, vol. 36, pp. 1133-1137 (1986).
Aoyagi, et al., "Deficiency of Kallikrein-Like Enzyme Activities in Cerebral Tissue of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease", Experientia, vol. 46, pp. 94-97 (1990).
Yoshimoto, et al., "Proline Specific Endopeptidase from Flavobacterium", Agric. Biol. Chem. vol. 42(12), pp. 2417-2419 (1978).
Chemical Abstracts vol. 115 No. 19 abstract 201789f.
Chemical Abstracts vol. 116 No. 17 abstract 166086w.